Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.031
Mrunalini K, Kaustubh Verma, S. Siddappa
A retrospective study was conducted on the medico-legal cases admitted to the Department of Pediatrics over a period of one year (September 2022-August 2023). A majority of cases reported were accidental poisoning cases (46.47%) among which paint thinner poisoning was the most common. Other cases reported include burns, head trauma, road traffic accidents, fall from height, drowning, hanging and electrocution. A majority of cases reported were in the age group of less than five years. A mortality rate of 3.75% (n=57) was recorded.
{"title":"Profile of paediatric medico legal cases admitted to a tertiary referral hospital over a period of one year","authors":"Mrunalini K, Kaustubh Verma, S. Siddappa","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective study was conducted on the medico-legal cases admitted to the Department of Pediatrics over a period of one year (September 2022-August 2023). A majority of cases reported were accidental poisoning cases (46.47%) among which paint thinner poisoning was the most common. Other cases reported include burns, head trauma, road traffic accidents, fall from height, drowning, hanging and electrocution. A majority of cases reported were in the age group of less than five years. A mortality rate of 3.75% (n=57) was recorded.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.030
Aruna P. Tubachi, Bhaskar Kurre, Christina Karthaka, Jagadeep Adhikam
: Malnutrition stands as one of the most prevalent conditions impacting the well-being of children. It heightens a child's vulnerability to infections, delays recovery, and increases mortality rates. Nutrition significantly influences the physical, mental, and emotional development of children.: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among five anganwadi centers in Mulug Mandal, Siddipet which comes under the filed practice area of R V M Medical College. The study focused on children under five years of age who attended the Anganwadi centers during September 2023 to November 2023.: Out of 100 participants majority children had normal weight(63%), followed by underweight(18%), above normal(15%) and lowest proportion of color category of weight of the child is severely underweight (4%). There was a statistically significant association of weight with knowledge about growth chart among mothers.: To prevent or minimize the problem of malnutrition, various nutrition intervention programmes have been introduced, from time to time, in India.
:营养不良是影响儿童福祉的最普遍状况之一。它使儿童更容易受到感染，延迟康复，并增加死亡率。营养在很大程度上影响着儿童的身体、智力和情感发育：我们对 R V M 医学院备案实践区内西迪佩特 Mulug Mandal 的五个 anganwadi 中心进行了横断面描述性研究。研究的重点是 2023 年 9 月至 2023 年 11 月期间在 Anganwadi 中心就诊的五岁以下儿童：在 100 名参与者中，大多数儿童体重正常（63%），其次是体重不足（18%）、体重高于正常（15%），体重严重不足（4%）的儿童比例最低。从统计学角度看，体重与母亲们对生长图表的了解有很大关系：为了预防或尽量减少营养不良问题，印度不时推出各种营养干预计划。
{"title":"Nutritional assessment of children in the selected anganwadis in field practice area of RVM medical","authors":"Aruna P. Tubachi, Bhaskar Kurre, Christina Karthaka, Jagadeep Adhikam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":": Malnutrition stands as one of the most prevalent conditions impacting the well-being of children. It heightens a child's vulnerability to infections, delays recovery, and increases mortality rates. Nutrition significantly influences the physical, mental, and emotional development of children.: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among five anganwadi centers in Mulug Mandal, Siddipet which comes under the filed practice area of R V M Medical College. The study focused on children under five years of age who attended the Anganwadi centers during September 2023 to November 2023.: Out of 100 participants majority children had normal weight(63%), followed by underweight(18%), above normal(15%) and lowest proportion of color category of weight of the child is severely underweight (4%). There was a statistically significant association of weight with knowledge about growth chart among mothers.: To prevent or minimize the problem of malnutrition, various nutrition intervention programmes have been introduced, from time to time, in India.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.034
Ramalingam S, Narayanan S, Narendar R
There is always a correlation between any trauma and disease that the trauma may have caused death or disease would have caused the death where the trauma may have been aggravated the disease process. This is very important in the aspect of legal system that the IPC sections may vary, and the role of a forensic surgeon to clarify it medically. Here is the case where the deceased died due to her pre-existing illness, which the alleged accused is not aware of, but the alleged accused is charged of murder under S 302 IPC instead of culpable homicide not amounting to murder under S 304 IPC.
{"title":"All murders are culpable homicides, but all culpable homicides are not murders","authors":"Ramalingam S, Narayanan S, Narendar R","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"There is always a correlation between any trauma and disease that the trauma may have caused death or disease would have caused the death where the trauma may have been aggravated the disease process. This is very important in the aspect of legal system that the IPC sections may vary, and the role of a forensic surgeon to clarify it medically. Here is the case where the deceased died due to her pre-existing illness, which the alleged accused is not aware of, but the alleged accused is charged of murder under S 302 IPC instead of culpable homicide not amounting to murder under S 304 IPC.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.026
Pankaj Kumar Singh, Prashant Chaudhary, Vikas Kumar Pandey, Anil Negi, Avneesh Kumar, R. K. Singh, Manish Dutt
Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)–NGO Mix model demonstrated the improved treatment success rates among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand.The initiative, launched by the Government of India, addresses the bidirectional relationship between undernutrition and TB, emphasizing the need for holistic support beyond medical interventions. The Nikshay Mitras, acting as companions, not only provide nutritional assistance but also contribute to reduce the stigma associated with TB and offer comprehensive support, including job opportunities.Uttarakhand has actively implemented the initiative, with various support models, including individual Nikshay Mitra, NGOs, and Corporate Sectors contributing through CSR support. The editorial focuses on the impact of CSR initiatives on TB treatment success rates, presenting data from Haridwar district. The unique CSR-NGO model, showcased a significant improvement in the treatment success rate, reaching 94% for a cohort of 304 TB patients. No mortality or loss to follow-up was reported, highlighting the effectiveness of this collaborative approach.The success in Haridwar district demonstrates the positive outcomes of engaging NikshayMitra, blending corporate support, NGO facilitation, and government oversight.
{"title":"Improved treatment success rate in a cohort of TB patients supported by Nikshay Mitra in CSR–NGO Mix model in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Singh, Prashant Chaudhary, Vikas Kumar Pandey, Anil Negi, Avneesh Kumar, R. K. Singh, Manish Dutt","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)–NGO Mix model demonstrated the improved treatment success rates among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand.The initiative, launched by the Government of India, addresses the bidirectional relationship between undernutrition and TB, emphasizing the need for holistic support beyond medical interventions. The Nikshay Mitras, acting as companions, not only provide nutritional assistance but also contribute to reduce the stigma associated with TB and offer comprehensive support, including job opportunities.Uttarakhand has actively implemented the initiative, with various support models, including individual Nikshay Mitra, NGOs, and Corporate Sectors contributing through CSR support. The editorial focuses on the impact of CSR initiatives on TB treatment success rates, presenting data from Haridwar district. The unique CSR-NGO model, showcased a significant improvement in the treatment success rate, reaching 94% for a cohort of 304 TB patients. No mortality or loss to follow-up was reported, highlighting the effectiveness of this collaborative approach.The success in Haridwar district demonstrates the positive outcomes of engaging NikshayMitra, blending corporate support, NGO facilitation, and government oversight.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.029
A. Barbhuiya, Nazia Parveen, Suhenaz Barbhuiya
Nutritional status based on BMI is not only influenced by biological factors but also affected by demographic, economic, socio-cultural and environmental conditions of a population. The present paper intends to study the nutritional status with reference to age and family income among the Bengali Muslim and Meitei Women of Cachar District, Assam. The data have been collected by household census method and nutritional anthropometry among 172 Bengali Muslim and 181 Meitei women of 20 to 64 years age. The study reveals that 40.1% of Bengali Muslim and 30.4% of Meitei women are suffering from CED malnutrition while very few women are found to be overweight or obese in both the communities. Chi-square test doesn’t show any significant (p-0.195) difference in nutritional status between the two communities. More than 50% of Bengali Muslim women who belong to higher age group (50+) are found to be suffering from CED malnutrition while frequency of CED malnutrition is high among the middle aged Meitei women. CED malnutrition is found to be more among the Bengali Muslim women of lowest family income category but it is high among the Meitei women who belong to middle income group. Although slight negative correlation exists between BMI and age of the Bengali Muslim women but opposite picture is observed among the Meitei women. BMI of both Bengali Muslim (r=0.209, p<0.01) and Meitei women (r=0.165, p<0.05) demonstrate significant positive correlation with annual family income. The study indicates the affect of family income in nutritional status. However, further studies are required considering other correlated bio-social factors to get deep insight knowledge on it.
{"title":"Bio-Social correlates of nutritional status among the Bengali Muslim and the Meitei Women of Cachar district of Assam, India","authors":"A. Barbhuiya, Nazia Parveen, Suhenaz Barbhuiya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional status based on BMI is not only influenced by biological factors but also affected by demographic, economic, socio-cultural and environmental conditions of a population. The present paper intends to study the nutritional status with reference to age and family income among the Bengali Muslim and Meitei Women of Cachar District, Assam. The data have been collected by household census method and nutritional anthropometry among 172 Bengali Muslim and 181 Meitei women of 20 to 64 years age. The study reveals that 40.1% of Bengali Muslim and 30.4% of Meitei women are suffering from CED malnutrition while very few women are found to be overweight or obese in both the communities. Chi-square test doesn’t show any significant (p-0.195) difference in nutritional status between the two communities. More than 50% of Bengali Muslim women who belong to higher age group (50+) are found to be suffering from CED malnutrition while frequency of CED malnutrition is high among the middle aged Meitei women. CED malnutrition is found to be more among the Bengali Muslim women of lowest family income category but it is high among the Meitei women who belong to middle income group. Although slight negative correlation exists between BMI and age of the Bengali Muslim women but opposite picture is observed among the Meitei women. BMI of both Bengali Muslim (r=0.209, p<0.01) and Meitei women (r=0.165, p<0.05) demonstrate significant positive correlation with annual family income. The study indicates the affect of family income in nutritional status. However, further studies are required considering other correlated bio-social factors to get deep insight knowledge on it.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.033
Mohammed Iliyas Sheikh, Jignesh Brahmbhatt, Jayeshkumar Kanani
Strangulation is one type of asphyxia death in which compression of neck with ligature material without suspension of the body and commonly homicidal in nature. Self-strangulation by ligature is uncommon. It must be differentiated from homicidal strangulation, accidental strangulation and from sexual asphyxia. The ligature material in suicidal strangulation may be knotted or multiple circle around the neck or tightened like a tourniquet. The uniqueness in the present study is the use of ‘self-retaining’ nature of the ligature material. The ligature material was found in situ, completely encircled the neck. Two cases of self-strangulation are discussed here. One case was found inside closed room and other was found on the bank of the river. In both cases two self-locked ligature material was used. Both cases were meticulously investigated by postmortem examination, scene of crime and circumstantial evidences, all are suggestive of suicidal strangulation.
{"title":"Suicidal strangulation with uncommon ligature material – two case report","authors":"Mohammed Iliyas Sheikh, Jignesh Brahmbhatt, Jayeshkumar Kanani","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"Strangulation is one type of asphyxia death in which compression of neck with ligature material without suspension of the body and commonly homicidal in nature. Self-strangulation by ligature is uncommon. It must be differentiated from homicidal strangulation, accidental strangulation and from sexual asphyxia. The ligature material in suicidal strangulation may be knotted or multiple circle around the neck or tightened like a tourniquet. The uniqueness in the present study is the use of ‘self-retaining’ nature of the ligature material. The ligature material was found in situ, completely encircled the neck. Two cases of self-strangulation are discussed here. One case was found inside closed room and other was found on the bank of the river. In both cases two self-locked ligature material was used. Both cases were meticulously investigated by postmortem examination, scene of crime and circumstantial evidences, all are suggestive of suicidal strangulation.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.028
M. P. Israel, K. Priscilla
Adolescence is indeed a transitional phase of growth and development that occurs between childhood and adulthood, typically spanning from 10 to 19 years of age, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). During this period, individuals undergo rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes, which can influence their emotions, thoughts, decision-making abilities, and interactions with the world. It is worth noting that psychological factors, including anxiety and anger, may contribute to dysmenorrheal problems, which are painful menstrual cramps. However, as women age, dysmenorrheal often decreases and may completely resolve after childbirth. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program in improving knowledge about dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. By implementing this program, researchers seek to measure the impact it has on enhancing the understanding and awareness of dysmenorrhea among this specific population. The evaluation will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of structured teaching in improving knowledge about dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls.In a quasi-experimental research study conducted in the Madurai district, a one-group pre-test and post-test design was utilized. A simple random sample of 40 adolescent girls participated in the study. A structured teaching program was implemented, covering all aspects of dysmenorrhea. The knowledge of the adolescent girls was assessed both immediately before and a week after the structured teaching program. The results of the study indicated that the majority of the adolescent girls (47%) were 14 years old, and a significant proportion (62%) had no prior information about dysmenorrhea. In the pre-test, all of the adolescent girls (100%) demonstrated inadequate knowledge regarding dysmenorrhea. However, in the post-test, 80% of the participants showed adequate knowledge, while 20% had moderate knowledge on the subject. The paired t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge from the pre-test (10.3 ± 2.87) to the post-test (41.17 ± 8.75) (p < 0.05), indicating that the structured teaching program was effective in enhancing knowledge about dysmenorrhea among the adolescent girls in the study. The present study concludes that recently dysmenorrhea is a quite common problem all over the world affecting the quality of life of women significantly. Despite the growing awareness, there remains a considerable deficiency of knowledge on causes, treatment, and home remedies of dysmenorrhea. Further research is required for a large population including women from various backgrounds to better assess and strategize to manage this rising problem. It will help future mothers to take care of them during menstruation, and they will educate the future generation regarding dysmenorrhea.
{"title":"A quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at selected schools in Madurai district","authors":"M. P. Israel, K. Priscilla","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is indeed a transitional phase of growth and development that occurs between childhood and adulthood, typically spanning from 10 to 19 years of age, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). During this period, individuals undergo rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes, which can influence their emotions, thoughts, decision-making abilities, and interactions with the world. It is worth noting that psychological factors, including anxiety and anger, may contribute to dysmenorrheal problems, which are painful menstrual cramps. However, as women age, dysmenorrheal often decreases and may completely resolve after childbirth. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program in improving knowledge about dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. By implementing this program, researchers seek to measure the impact it has on enhancing the understanding and awareness of dysmenorrhea among this specific population. The evaluation will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of structured teaching in improving knowledge about dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls.In a quasi-experimental research study conducted in the Madurai district, a one-group pre-test and post-test design was utilized. A simple random sample of 40 adolescent girls participated in the study. A structured teaching program was implemented, covering all aspects of dysmenorrhea. The knowledge of the adolescent girls was assessed both immediately before and a week after the structured teaching program. The results of the study indicated that the majority of the adolescent girls (47%) were 14 years old, and a significant proportion (62%) had no prior information about dysmenorrhea. In the pre-test, all of the adolescent girls (100%) demonstrated inadequate knowledge regarding dysmenorrhea. However, in the post-test, 80% of the participants showed adequate knowledge, while 20% had moderate knowledge on the subject. The paired t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge from the pre-test (10.3 ± 2.87) to the post-test (41.17 ± 8.75) (p < 0.05), indicating that the structured teaching program was effective in enhancing knowledge about dysmenorrhea among the adolescent girls in the study. The present study concludes that recently dysmenorrhea is a quite common problem all over the world affecting the quality of life of women significantly. Despite the growing awareness, there remains a considerable deficiency of knowledge on causes, treatment, and home remedies of dysmenorrhea. Further research is required for a large population including women from various backgrounds to better assess and strategize to manage this rising problem. It will help future mothers to take care of them during menstruation, and they will educate the future generation regarding dysmenorrhea.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.020
Namratha Kulkarni, Vijaya A Naik
Exposure to tobacco smoke affects all stages of human reproduction. Smoking is not rare among Indian women, but research over the past decade has shown that Indian women’s use of smokeless tobacco products is substantial and increasing, with negative consequences for both oral morbidity and perinatal health, including premature delivery, low birth weight, and birth length. This study was done to know the prevalence of tobacco consumption among rural women in the reproductive age group and its association with the outcomes of pregnancy A community-based cross-sectional study, was conducted from January 2011 to December 2011 among 1200 rural women aged between 15 years to 49 years residing in Primary Health Centre (PHC) Vantmuri area, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Statistical analysis was done using rates, ratios, and chi-square tests. The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 9.7%. In this study, we found that except for the first pregnancy outcomes, and all the subsequent outcomes of the pregnancies, the differences are statistically significant indicating an association between tobacco consumption and the outcome of pregnancy. Also, a significant association was found between tobacco consumption and low birth weight. Women under the reproductive age group constitute an important cohort of the population. A significant association was found between tobacco consumption and the outcomes of pregnancy. It has become the need of the hour to provide enough evidence on the correlates of tobacco use in the community and to put increasing effort against the expansion of tobacco companies in developing countries, which are often aimed at women.
{"title":"Tobacco use and outcomes of pregnancy: A community-based cross-sectional study among the women in the reproductive age group in the rural area of Belgaum District, Karnataka, South India","authors":"Namratha Kulkarni, Vijaya A Naik","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to tobacco smoke affects all stages of human reproduction. Smoking is not rare among Indian women, but research over the past decade has shown that Indian women’s use of smokeless tobacco products is substantial and increasing, with negative consequences for both oral morbidity and perinatal health, including premature delivery, low birth weight, and birth length. This study was done to know the prevalence of tobacco consumption among rural women in the reproductive age group and its association with the outcomes of pregnancy A community-based cross-sectional study, was conducted from January 2011 to December 2011 among 1200 rural women aged between 15 years to 49 years residing in Primary Health Centre (PHC) Vantmuri area, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Statistical analysis was done using rates, ratios, and chi-square tests. The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 9.7%. In this study, we found that except for the first pregnancy outcomes, and all the subsequent outcomes of the pregnancies, the differences are statistically significant indicating an association between tobacco consumption and the outcome of pregnancy. Also, a significant association was found between tobacco consumption and low birth weight. Women under the reproductive age group constitute an important cohort of the population. A significant association was found between tobacco consumption and the outcomes of pregnancy. It has become the need of the hour to provide enough evidence on the correlates of tobacco use in the community and to put increasing effort against the expansion of tobacco companies in developing countries, which are often aimed at women.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road traffic accidents (RTA) are one of the most common cases brought to a hospital daily. The severity of the situation is not known to most of the masses. It has a high chance of mortality and high disabling capacity due to injuries to the main vital parts of the body. : A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse the pattern of road traffic accidents as regards the type of victims, offending vehicle, place & time of occurrence, type of injuries sustained, fatality among the RTA victims admitted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India during January 2021-June 2022. A total of 1002 RTA cases were reviewed, and it was found that most of the RTA (76.3%) were males and 32.7% of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years, followed by the age group of 31-40 years (20.5%). RTAs commonly occurred between 12:01 p.m-6 p.m.; the offending vehicles were 4-wheelers (38%) followed by 2-wheelers (36.4%). Most of the victims were 2-wheeler riders (62.2%) followed by pedestrians (16.8%); the head & face were most affected body parts (42.2%) followed by lower limbs (30.6%) and Imphal West was the most common place of occurrence (48.8%). With the increasing use of motor vehicles, the number of road traffic accidents is rising. It is important to find a pattern of these cases in this part of the country so that we can prevent such unfortunate and unnatural deaths.
{"title":"Road traffic accidents presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sushmita Salam, Asho Angami, Thounaojam Meera Devi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"Road traffic accidents (RTA) are one of the most common cases brought to a hospital daily. The severity of the situation is not known to most of the masses. It has a high chance of mortality and high disabling capacity due to injuries to the main vital parts of the body. : A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse the pattern of road traffic accidents as regards the type of victims, offending vehicle, place & time of occurrence, type of injuries sustained, fatality among the RTA victims admitted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India during January 2021-June 2022. A total of 1002 RTA cases were reviewed, and it was found that most of the RTA (76.3%) were males and 32.7% of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years, followed by the age group of 31-40 years (20.5%). RTAs commonly occurred between 12:01 p.m-6 p.m.; the offending vehicles were 4-wheelers (38%) followed by 2-wheelers (36.4%). Most of the victims were 2-wheeler riders (62.2%) followed by pedestrians (16.8%); the head & face were most affected body parts (42.2%) followed by lower limbs (30.6%) and Imphal West was the most common place of occurrence (48.8%). With the increasing use of motor vehicles, the number of road traffic accidents is rising. It is important to find a pattern of these cases in this part of the country so that we can prevent such unfortunate and unnatural deaths.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.021
A K Jaiswal, Raksha Chourase, Anita Yadav
The study was conducted this work to analyze levels of toxic metals in lipsticks specifically sold in the Bhopal area. Acid digestion process was used to prepare the samples and to quantify the levels of heavy metals, including Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used. Calibration curves were prepared with good linearity for accurate measurement of concentrations of these metals. All heavy metal observed were within the allowable limit. To assess the health risks, Average daily dose (ADD) and Hazard quotient (HQ) (Ingestion) for all the lipstick samples were calculated. Among these samples, three samples shows higher values among them one belonged to a branded category, while the remaining two were from the non-branded category. These particular Lipsticks samples exhibited higher HQ values (higher than 1), indicating a probable hazard linked of toxic-metals.
{"title":"Determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb metals in lipsticks samples by Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS)","authors":"A K Jaiswal, Raksha Chourase, Anita Yadav","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted this work to analyze levels of toxic metals in lipsticks specifically sold in the Bhopal area. Acid digestion process was used to prepare the samples and to quantify the levels of heavy metals, including Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used. Calibration curves were prepared with good linearity for accurate measurement of concentrations of these metals. All heavy metal observed were within the allowable limit. To assess the health risks, Average daily dose (ADD) and Hazard quotient (HQ) (Ingestion) for all the lipstick samples were calculated. Among these samples, three samples shows higher values among them one belonged to a branded category, while the remaining two were from the non-branded category. These particular Lipsticks samples exhibited higher HQ values (higher than 1), indicating a probable hazard linked of toxic-metals.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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