T. Turchina, E. K. Zhukotskiy, L. Avdeeva, A. Makarenko
Emulsions with phospholipid nanostructures are heterogeneous disperse systems, which, when dried, show thermoplastic and adhesion properties. Improvement of their structure-forming and conducting properties in spray drying requires the use of structuring additives. The purpose of the work was to investigate the effect of maltodextrin on the process of heat transfer by drying single droplets of emulsions with phospholipid nanostructures in order to determine the rationale heat-engineering parameters of powder form production. Emulsions with phospholipid nanostructures and maltodextrin in different proportions of solids from 10% to 40% were investigated on the system of "drop-vapor-gas medium" in the stream of heated heat-carrier. The processes of forming, structuring and deformation changes of droplets during drying, the manifestation of thermoplastic and adhesion properties of dried particles under the influence of high temperatures and cooling were studied. It was established that with the content of dry matter of 20-30% and the ratio of lecithin and maltodextrin-trine as 1: 1, it is achieved by reducing the drying time of droplets of emulsions with phospholipid nanostructure-ram by 25-30%, and the strengthening of the structure of dried particles is provided by cooling them. References9, figures 3.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF MALTODEXTRIN AS A STRUCTURAL ADDITIVE ON THE PROCESS OF DRYING DROPS OF PHOSPHOLIPID SUSPENSIONS","authors":"T. Turchina, E. K. Zhukotskiy, L. Avdeeva, A. Makarenko","doi":"10.31472/ihe.4.2018.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/ihe.4.2018.03","url":null,"abstract":"Emulsions with phospholipid nanostructures are heterogeneous disperse systems, which, when dried, show thermoplastic and adhesion properties. Improvement of their structure-forming and conducting properties in spray drying requires the use of structuring additives. \u0000The purpose of the work was to investigate the effect of maltodextrin on the process of heat transfer by drying single droplets of emulsions with phospholipid nanostructures in order to determine the rationale heat-engineering parameters of powder form production. \u0000Emulsions with phospholipid nanostructures and maltodextrin in different proportions of solids from 10% to 40% were investigated on the system of \"drop-vapor-gas medium\" in the stream of heated heat-carrier. The processes of forming, structuring and deformation changes of droplets during drying, the manifestation of thermoplastic and adhesion properties of dried particles under the influence of high temperatures and cooling were studied. \u0000It was established that with the content of dry matter of 20-30% and the ratio of lecithin and maltodextrin-trine as 1: 1, it is achieved by reducing the drying time of droplets of emulsions with phospholipid nanostructure-ram by 25-30%, and the strengthening of the structure of dried particles is provided by cooling them. References9, figures 3.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122877512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the paper is to analyze the available statistical data on fuel consumption by population in every region of Ukraine. To identify similarities and differences in development trends the comparison of structure of final energy consumption in Ukraine and the world was done. The degree of distribution of individual heating systems in urban settlements and rural areas in 2015 is determined. Analysis of the use of the main types of fuel by households sector in regions of Ukraine is performed. The amount of fuel consumed by the population does not linearly depend on the share of individual heating systems in the region (this was shown by an example), therefore to develop strategy for extending the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the households more factors will need to be considered. Ukrainian and world energy balance data for 2015 (item “Other” which includes residential sector, commerce and public services, agriculture, fishing, other consumers) on the consumption of four main types of fuel (coal and peat, oil products, natural gas, biofuels and waste) were compared. It was concluded that in Ukraine the proportion of basic fuels consumption corresponds to world trends. However, after analyzing the distribution of total final energy consumption certain differences were observed. Analysis of renewable energy sources use by sectors has demonstrated that the residential sector is the leader in renewable energy sources consumption both in the world and in Ukraine. In Ukraine statistical data on biofuel consumption is mainly based on information about firewood and wood biomass consumption. This explains the higher percentage of biofuel consumption in forested areas. It should also be noted that in Ukraine 32% of the wood used by population was sold to households by enterprises and 68% was obtained from self-preparation. Over the past decade consumption of biomass fuel for household needs in Ukraine has doubled, and it is increasingly replacing coal fuel, thus exerting a positive impact on the environment.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF FUEL BY HOUSEHOLDS AND NON-INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS","authors":"S. Radchenko","doi":"10.31472/IHE.4.2018.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.4.2018.11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the paper is to analyze the available statistical data on fuel consumption by population in every region of Ukraine. To identify similarities and differences in development trends the comparison of structure of final energy consumption in Ukraine and the world was done. The degree of distribution of individual heating systems in urban settlements and rural areas in 2015 is determined. Analysis of the use of the main types of fuel by households sector in regions of Ukraine is performed. The amount of fuel consumed by the population does not linearly depend on the share of individual heating systems in the region (this was shown by an example), therefore to develop strategy for extending the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the households more factors will need to be considered. Ukrainian and world energy balance data for 2015 (item “Other” which includes residential sector, commerce and public services, agriculture, fishing, other consumers) on the consumption of four main types of fuel (coal and peat, oil products, natural gas, biofuels and waste) were compared. It was concluded that in Ukraine the proportion of basic fuels consumption corresponds to world trends. However, after analyzing the distribution of total final energy consumption certain differences were observed. Analysis of renewable energy sources use by sectors has demonstrated that the residential sector is the leader in renewable energy sources consumption both in the world and in Ukraine. In Ukraine statistical data on biofuel consumption is mainly based on information about firewood and wood biomass consumption. This explains the higher percentage of biofuel consumption in forested areas. It should also be noted that in Ukraine 32% of the wood used by population was sold to households by enterprises and 68% was obtained from self-preparation. Over the past decade consumption of biomass fuel for household needs in Ukraine has doubled, and it is increasingly replacing coal fuel, thus exerting a positive impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130542244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the work was a study the energy efficiency of the heads and fusels concentrating column and beer still, the degree of purification of ethanol in the process of the separation of light fraction and the efficiency of the process of а beer distillation by increasing residence time of the liquid on the trays for contact with the vapor. The technology of rectification with controlled cycles of fluid retention on the stages of the contact and its overflow without mixing to the adjacent trays is proposed. For implementing the method the experimental column was equipped with scaly trays with coaxial arrangement of scales, which excluded the linearity of the fluid motion. The overflow holes of each tray is alternately opened and closed by movable valves associated with the driving mechanism in accordance with the controller program. Change the cross-section of the trays at 45-50 % resulted in an immediate reduction of rate of vapor and provided the spilled liquid through the overflow hole and the gap of scales. Due to this time the overflow was reduced from 5 to 2 seconds. It was studied that the increasing of the residence time of the beer on the trays to 12 seconds can increase the concentration of alcohol in beer distillate by 28 % in comparison with the standard columns. The coaxial arrangement of scales eliminates the possibility of formation of stagnant zones and burning of suspended particles of a beer. Specific consumption of heating steam to the process distillation not exceed 16 kg/dl of absolute alcohol of a beer. In the process of the separation of light fractions with the fluid retention on trays to 20 seсonds a degree of extraction of aldehydes, higher alcohols of fusel oils and methyl alcohol grew on average by 30 %, the multiplicity of concentration of light and intermediate impurities increased by 32 %. The consumption of heating steam for the distillation process was reduced to 14 kg/dl of absolute alcohol. To increase the efficiency of contact devices, it is advisable to prolong the residence time of the liquid on the trays until close to the equilibrium state of phases, and to provide overflow of liquid without mixing to the adjacent trays, to use trays with full compensation of co-current and alternating cross-section.
{"title":"INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CONTACT DEVICES OF THE DISTILLATION AND RECTIFICATION PLANTS AND DEGREE OF BIOETHANOL PURIFICATION","authors":"Y. Bulii, O. Obodovych","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was a study the energy efficiency of the heads and fusels concentrating column and beer still, the degree of purification of ethanol in the process of the separation of light fraction and the efficiency of the process of а beer distillation by increasing residence time of the liquid on the trays for contact with the vapor. \u0000The technology of rectification with controlled cycles of fluid retention on the stages of the contact and its overflow without mixing to the adjacent trays is proposed. For implementing the method the experimental column was equipped with scaly trays with coaxial arrangement of scales, which excluded the linearity of the fluid motion. The overflow holes of each tray is alternately opened and closed by movable valves associated with the driving mechanism in accordance with the controller program. Change the cross-section of the trays at 45-50 % resulted in an immediate reduction of rate of vapor and provided the spilled liquid through the overflow hole and the gap of scales. Due to this time the overflow was reduced from 5 to 2 seconds. \u0000It was studied that the increasing of the residence time of the beer on the trays to 12 seconds can increase the concentration of alcohol in beer distillate by 28 % in comparison with the standard columns. \u0000The coaxial arrangement of scales eliminates the possibility of formation of stagnant zones and burning of suspended particles of a beer. Specific consumption of heating steam to the process distillation not exceed 16 kg/dl of absolute alcohol of a beer. \u0000In the process of the separation of light fractions with the fluid retention on trays to 20 seсonds a degree of extraction of aldehydes, higher alcohols of fusel oils and methyl alcohol grew on average by 30 %, the multiplicity of concentration of light and intermediate impurities increased by 32 %. The consumption of heating steam for the distillation process was reduced to 14 kg/dl of absolute alcohol. \u0000To increase the efficiency of contact devices, it is advisable to prolong the residence time of the liquid on the trays until close to the equilibrium state of phases, and to provide overflow of liquid without mixing to the adjacent trays, to use trays with full compensation of co-current and alternating cross-section.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115062876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. N. Zotov, A. Moskalenko, O. V. Razumtseva, L. N. Protsenko, V. Dobryvechir
The paper presents an experimental-computational study of the results of using the IQLab program to solve inverse heat conduction problem and restore the surface temperature of cylindrical thermosondes from heat-resistant chromium-nickel alloys while cooling them in liquid media. The purpose of this paper is to verify the correct operation of the IQLab program when restoring the surface temperature of thermosondes with 1-3 thermocouples. The IQLab program is also designed to solve one-dimensional nonlinear direct lines and inverse heat conduction problems with constant initial and boundary conditions specified as a function of time in a tabular form with a constant and variable time step. A finite-difference method is used to solve the heat equation. Experiments were carried out on samples D = 10-50 mm in liquids with different cooling capacities such as aqueous solutions of NaCl and Yukon-E polymer, rapeseed oil and I-20A mineral oil. For the calculation we used the readings of thermocouples installed at internal points of cylindrical thermosondes. The advantages of solving inverse heat conduction problems with the IQLab program include the possibility of restoring the surface temperature for cylindrical samples with a diameter of 10 mm to 50 mm with practical accuracy according to the indications of a single thermocouple located in the geometrical center of the thermosonde, which simplifies the manufacture of the probe. For larger dimensions with a diameter D ≥ 50 mm, it is necessary to install control intermediate thermocouples and perform additional tests. The solution of inverse heat conduction problems and restoration of the surface temperature of the sample makes it possible to calculate other important characteristics of the cooling process: the heat flux density and the heat transfer coefficient.
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF THE IQLAB PROGRAM FOR SOLVING THE INVERSE HEAT CONDUCTION PROBLEM FOR CHROMIUM-NICKEL CYLINDRICAL THERMOSONDES","authors":"E. N. Zotov, A. Moskalenko, O. V. Razumtseva, L. N. Protsenko, V. Dobryvechir","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an experimental-computational study of the results of using the IQLab program to solve inverse heat conduction problem and restore the surface temperature of cylindrical thermosondes from heat-resistant chromium-nickel alloys while cooling them in liquid media. The purpose of this paper is to verify the correct operation of the IQLab program when restoring the surface temperature of thermosondes with 1-3 thermocouples. The IQLab program is also designed to solve one-dimensional nonlinear direct lines and inverse heat conduction problems with constant initial and boundary conditions specified as a function of time in a tabular form with a constant and variable time step. A finite-difference method is used to solve the heat equation. Experiments were carried out on samples D = 10-50 mm in liquids with different cooling capacities such as aqueous solutions of NaCl and Yukon-E polymer, rapeseed oil and I-20A mineral oil. For the calculation we used the readings of thermocouples installed at internal points of cylindrical thermosondes. The advantages of solving inverse heat conduction problems with the IQLab program include the possibility of restoring the surface temperature for cylindrical samples with a diameter of 10 mm to 50 mm with practical accuracy according to the indications of a single thermocouple located in the geometrical center of the thermosonde, which simplifies the manufacture of the probe. For larger dimensions with a diameter D ≥ 50 mm, it is necessary to install control intermediate thermocouples and perform additional tests. The solution of inverse heat conduction problems and restoration of the surface temperature of the sample makes it possible to calculate other important characteristics of the cooling process: the heat flux density and the heat transfer coefficient.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115212918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is selection and substantiate the construct materials for a mobile battery of thermal energy. To evaluate the impact of chemical corrosion on the structural materials of the tank-battery, and researching the strength of the tank-battery during transportation and determination the feasibility of introducing and effectiveness of investments in environmental measures on the example of the implementation of the discrete heating / cooling systems. A comparison has been made of the technical characteristics chosen for our studies of heat storage material - bischofite and sodium acetate trihydrate, which showed that both substances have certain advantages and limitations in their application. An experiment was carried out to determine the stability of the material for corrosion, after the 10 cycles of heating-cooling, the metal parts that were deposited in the bischofite solution remained virtually unchanged, no corrosion marks were observed. While specimens that were in the melt of sodium triacetate have obvious corrosion marks (except for a stainless steel sample). Particularly noticeable corrosion of samples that were on the verge of air and sodium triacetate. Thus, it has been confirmed that the use of hydrated salt melts requires additional measures to protect against corrosion of metals, and the use of polymer materials is limited by the temperature of their application. Calculations of the strength of the tank-accumulator at static and dynamic loads with the account of transportation are carried out. Taking into account the obtained results of Mises stress, the tensile stresses in the cut and stresses of bolted joints during rolling during transport under conditions of use of steel constructions are higher. In the course of determining the feasibility of implementing the project, it was tested and proposed to supplement the methods of calculating the investment of energy saving measures and projects by a fundamentally new method of strategic rapid analysis "3E". This method allows you to get a graphical representation of the result of the analysis and with a high degree of probability to determine the strategy of financing the implementation projects. The analysis is based on three main criteria, namely: energy, environmental and economic. These weighting criteria consist of a number of values that are necessary to obtain a likely return on the payback of the implementation project. The results of express analysis are clearly represented in the form of the area of permissible values on the triangular diagram, which we are invited to call the "3E triangle" in the initial words of words: Energy, Ecology and Economics. An economic analysis has also been conducted, which showed that the estimated payback period of the project is less than five years, and the volume of annual revenue from the sale of thermal energy and cold is 1470000 UAH. Thus, the project is attractive for investment.
{"title":"MOBILE ACCUMULATORS FOR DISCRETE SYSTEMS HEAT-COLD SUPPLIES. Part 2.","authors":"V. Demchenko, A. Trubachev, V. Falko, S. Hron","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is selection and substantiate the construct materials for a mobile battery of thermal energy. To evaluate the impact of chemical corrosion on the structural materials of the tank-battery, and researching the strength of the tank-battery during transportation and determination the feasibility of introducing and effectiveness of investments in environmental measures on the example of the implementation of the discrete heating / cooling systems. A comparison has been made of the technical characteristics chosen for our studies of heat storage material - bischofite and sodium acetate trihydrate, which showed that both substances have certain advantages and limitations in their application. An experiment was carried out to determine the stability of the material for corrosion, after the 10 cycles of heating-cooling, the metal parts that were deposited in the bischofite solution remained virtually unchanged, no corrosion marks were observed. While specimens that were in the melt of sodium triacetate have obvious corrosion marks (except for a stainless steel sample). Particularly noticeable corrosion of samples that were on the verge of air and sodium triacetate. Thus, it has been confirmed that the use of hydrated salt melts requires additional measures to protect against corrosion of metals, and the use of polymer materials is limited by the temperature of their application. Calculations of the strength of the tank-accumulator at static and dynamic loads with the account of transportation are carried out. Taking into account the obtained results of Mises stress, the tensile stresses in the cut and stresses of bolted joints during rolling during transport under conditions of use of steel constructions are higher. In the course of determining the feasibility of implementing the project, it was tested and proposed to supplement the methods of calculating the investment of energy saving measures and projects by a fundamentally new method of strategic rapid analysis \"3E\". This method allows you to get a graphical representation of the result of the analysis and with a high degree of probability to determine the strategy of financing the implementation projects. The analysis is based on three main criteria, namely: energy, environmental and economic. These weighting criteria consist of a number of values that are necessary to obtain a likely return on the payback of the implementation project. The results of express analysis are clearly represented in the form of the area of permissible values on the triangular diagram, which we are invited to call the \"3E triangle\" in the initial words of words: Energy, Ecology and Economics. An economic analysis has also been conducted, which showed that the estimated payback period of the project is less than five years, and the volume of annual revenue from the sale of thermal energy and cold is 1470000 UAH. Thus, the project is attractive for investment.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126565558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modern high-performance gas turbine engines operate at the flow temperatures exceeding the melting temperature of materials, which require the blade cooling. However, the traditional scheme of film cooling is characterized by appearance of secondary vortex structures that destroy the coolant film. From the existing alternative schemes of film cooling, which allow protecting the turbine blades from influence of high temperatures, the scheme with triangular dimples has demonstrated good results in the stationary conditions. This cooling scheme was patented and tested in the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In order to determine the feasibility of such a scheme, it is necessary to consider the effect of the blade rotation influencing the film cooling efficiency. The results are given towards theoretical investigation of the film cooling efficiency of this scheme under rotation conditions. The study was performed using the ANSYS CFX package using SST-turbulence model. The blowing ratio was varied from 0.5 to 2.0. Numerical simulation performed for rotation parameters corresponding to the dominant influence of the Coriolis force – 10, 100 rpm, and centrifugal forces – 3000, 5000 and 7000 rpm. Оn the basis of computer simulation, it has been shown that rotation does not affect weakly the average efficiency of film cooling at Coriolis force, but causes a peak displacement of local adiabatic efficiency, at rotation parameter of 7000 rpm, when there is a distortion of the flow lines.
{"title":"FILM COOLING OVER A FLAT PLATE WITH COOLANT SUPPLY IN TO TRIANGULAR INDENTATION","authors":"А.А. Khalatov, N. Panchenko, О.О. Petliak","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.01","url":null,"abstract":"The modern high-performance gas turbine engines operate at the flow temperatures exceeding the melting temperature of materials, which require the blade cooling. However, the traditional scheme of film cooling is characterized by appearance of secondary vortex structures that destroy the coolant film. From the existing alternative schemes of film cooling, which allow protecting the turbine blades from influence of high temperatures, the scheme with triangular dimples has demonstrated good results in the stationary conditions. This cooling scheme was patented and tested in the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In order to determine the feasibility of such a scheme, it is necessary to consider the effect of the blade rotation influencing the film cooling efficiency. The results are given towards theoretical investigation of the film cooling efficiency of this scheme under rotation conditions. The study was performed using the ANSYS CFX package using SST-turbulence model. The blowing ratio was varied from 0.5 to 2.0. Numerical simulation performed for rotation parameters corresponding to the dominant influence of the Coriolis force – 10, 100 rpm, and centrifugal forces – 3000, 5000 and 7000 rpm. Оn the basis of computer simulation, it has been shown that rotation does not affect weakly the average efficiency of film cooling at Coriolis force, but causes a peak displacement of local adiabatic efficiency, at rotation parameter of 7000 rpm, when there is a distortion of the flow lines.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114195390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fialko, G. Presich, G. Gnedash, S. Shevchuk, I. Dashkovska
The work is devoted to increase of thermal and ecological efficiency of water-heating gas-fired boilers of municipal heat-power engineering. To improve thermal efficiency, heat-recovery technologies are used in which deep cooling of the exhaust-gases from boilers with the realization of the condensation mode of the heat recovery equipment is ensured. To implement this regime throughout the heating period, it is advisable to use complex heat-recovery systems in which several heat transfer agents are heated with sufficiently different thermal potentials. To enhance the environmental effect when using complex systems, it is possible to carry out combustion air humidifying in them, which contributes to the reduction of NOx emissions to the environment by the boiler plants. The work suggests improvement of the known complex heat-recovery system for heating and humidifying the blown air by introducing into its comprise an additional element - water heater of chemical water-purification system. Such the technological solution will ensure a reduction in the thermal losses of the boiler plant and improve the operating conditions of the gas ducts of the boiler house by preventing the condensate from falling out of the wet exhaust-gases. The aim of the work is to investigate the operating parameters of the complex heat-recovery system for heating and humidifying the blown air and preheating the water for chemical water-purification and comparing its basic heatly and humidity characteristics with the corresponding complex system without preheating the water. The results of the investigations are presented in a wide operating range of the load variation of the water-heating boiler respectively the boiler plant temperature graph and are shown graphically. The analysis of the obtained data showed that due to the proposed modernization by preheating the water of the chemical water-purification system in the complex heat-recovery system for heating and humidifying the blown air, an increase of coefficient the use heat of fuel of boilers is provided, depending on their load from 11% to 17%. For this improved heat-recovery system with preheating the water of the chemical water-purification system in comparison with the system without such preheating, the total heating capacity of the complex system increases by 1.3÷1.6 times, and the coefficient the use heat of fuel of the boiler increases by 5.2%.
{"title":"INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPLEX HEAT-RECOVERY SYSTEMS FOR HEATING AND HUMIDIFYING OF BLOWN AIR OF GAS-FIRED BOILERS","authors":"N. Fialko, G. Presich, G. Gnedash, S. Shevchuk, I. Dashkovska","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.06","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to increase of thermal and ecological efficiency of water-heating gas-fired boilers of municipal heat-power engineering. To improve thermal efficiency, heat-recovery technologies are used in which deep cooling of the exhaust-gases from boilers with the realization of the condensation mode of the heat recovery equipment is ensured. To implement this regime throughout the heating period, it is advisable to use complex heat-recovery systems in which several heat transfer agents are heated with sufficiently different thermal potentials. To enhance the environmental effect when using complex systems, it is possible to carry out combustion air humidifying in them, which contributes to the reduction of NOx emissions to the environment by the boiler plants. \u0000The work suggests improvement of the known complex heat-recovery system for heating and humidifying the blown air by introducing into its comprise an additional element - water heater of chemical water-purification system. Such the technological solution will ensure a reduction in the thermal losses of the boiler plant and improve the operating conditions of the gas ducts of the boiler house by preventing the condensate from falling out of the wet exhaust-gases. \u0000The aim of the work is to investigate the operating parameters of the complex heat-recovery system for heating and humidifying the blown air and preheating the water for chemical water-purification and comparing its basic heatly and humidity characteristics with the corresponding complex system without preheating the water. \u0000The results of the investigations are presented in a wide operating range of the load variation of the water-heating boiler respectively the boiler plant temperature graph and are shown graphically. \u0000The analysis of the obtained data showed that due to the proposed modernization by preheating the water of the chemical water-purification system in the complex heat-recovery system for heating and humidifying the blown air, an increase of coefficient the use heat of fuel of boilers is provided, depending on their load from 11% to 17%. For this improved heat-recovery system with preheating the water of the chemical water-purification system in comparison with the system without such preheating, the total heating capacity of the complex system increases by 1.3÷1.6 times, and the coefficient the use heat of fuel of the boiler increases by 5.2%.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132444755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to provide reliable and efficient thermal conversion, it is necessary to understand the physical and chemical properties of corn stover. The properties of corn stover depend on species, climatic and weather conditions, soil type, fertilizer input etc. Thus, it is necessary to study the fuel from various locations. The present paper describes analysis results of corn stover from a single location in Kyiv region, Ukraine. The soil was fertilized with anhydrous ammonia 80 kg/ha. Elemental composition (W, A, C, H, S, N, O, Cl), calorific values, ash melting temperatures and ash chemical composition of the samples have been tested. The comparative analysis of the samples with foreign analogues has been carried out. It is shown that the test samples of corn stover from Kyiv region are characterized by ash initial deformation temperatures of 1160 - 1200 °C. These temperatures are higher than the average agricultural biomass values and typical for woody biomass. The relatively high ash melting temperature reduces risks of sintering and deposit formation on the furnace inner surface.
{"title":"FUEL PROPERTIES OF UKRAINIAN CORN STOVER","authors":"V. Antonenko, V. Zubenko, O. Epik","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.11","url":null,"abstract":" In order to provide reliable and efficient thermal conversion, it is necessary to understand the physical and chemical properties of corn stover. The properties of corn stover depend on species, climatic and weather conditions, soil type, fertilizer input etc. Thus, it is necessary to study the fuel from various locations. \u0000The present paper describes analysis results of corn stover from a single location in Kyiv region, Ukraine. The soil was fertilized with anhydrous ammonia 80 kg/ha. Elemental composition (W, A, C, H, S, N, O, Cl), calorific values, ash melting temperatures and ash chemical composition of the samples have been tested. \u0000The comparative analysis of the samples with foreign analogues has been carried out. It is shown that the test samples of corn stover from Kyiv region are characterized by ash initial deformation temperatures of 1160 - 1200 °C. These temperatures are higher than the average agricultural biomass values and typical for woody biomass. The relatively high ash melting temperature reduces risks of sintering and deposit formation on the furnace inner surface.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article contains the aggregated results of the development and optimization of laboratory installation for ablative fast pyrolysis performance with productivity 1-4 kg/hour on final products. The experimental data on the series of experiments (>60) with analysis of the influence of certain range of input parameters on the bio-oil yield and qualitative parameters of output products is presented. The optimization of installation regimes and input parameters for bio-oil yield maximization for different biomass types is performed. It was found that the ratio of three output products is not always optimal maximizing bio-oil yield with respect to energy yield in the products. The maximum achieved bio-oil yield is 51% by mass rated to the input products. It is revealed, that the essential parameters which influence on the final bio-oil yield are temperature in the reactor, time of biomass particles existence in the reactor, fraction of biomass particles. The mass distribution for pyrolysis by-products (pyrogas and biochar) is dependent on the initial moisture content of biomass and organization of condensation process of bio-oil. The energy balance of installation demonstrates the average efficiency of the pyrolysis process on the level of 65% (with maximum 98%) and could be increased to 75% average with simple reconstruction of installation. On the basis of obtained laboratory data the scaling of the installation was performed with development of commercial prototype with productivity of 50 kg/hour. On the basis of obtained technical data, the assessment of economic indicators of bio-oil and biochar production with large sized mobile installation has been performed demonstrating the good commercial feasibility of the installation performance.
{"title":"ENERGY AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF FAST ABLATIVE PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY WITH CONE SCREW REACTOR","authors":"V. Zubenko, O. Epik, V. Antonenko, E. Oliynyk","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains the aggregated results of the development and optimization of laboratory installation for ablative fast pyrolysis performance with productivity 1-4 kg/hour on final products. The experimental data on the series of experiments (>60) with analysis of the influence of certain range of input parameters on the bio-oil yield and qualitative parameters of output products is presented. The optimization of installation regimes and input parameters for bio-oil yield maximization for different biomass types is performed. It was found that the ratio of three output products is not always optimal maximizing bio-oil yield with respect to energy yield in the products. The maximum achieved bio-oil yield is 51% by mass rated to the input products. It is revealed, that the essential parameters which influence on the final bio-oil yield are temperature in the reactor, time of biomass particles existence in the reactor, fraction of biomass particles. The mass distribution for pyrolysis by-products (pyrogas and biochar) is dependent on the initial moisture content of biomass and organization of condensation process of bio-oil. The energy balance of installation demonstrates the average efficiency of the pyrolysis process on the level of 65% (with maximum 98%) and could be increased to 75% average with simple reconstruction of installation. On the basis of obtained laboratory data the scaling of the installation was performed with development of commercial prototype with productivity of 50 kg/hour. On the basis of obtained technical data, the assessment of economic indicators of bio-oil and biochar production with large sized mobile installation has been performed demonstrating the good commercial feasibility of the installation performance.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132410552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers conditions and possibilities for installing cogeneration units (CUs) in district heating boiler houses. The main requirement to do it is the equality of the CUs’ heat capacity and the heat capacity of the boilers that are going to be replaced. Because the fuel (natural gas) consumption increases due to such replacement, it is necessary to determine the conditions, taking into account the constant growth of energy carriers’ prices, under which the transition to cogeneration technologies in the heat supply system will be feasible, i.е. the project will make a profit and ensure the reasonable payback period. For this purpose, the relationships between the profitability of the project, the economic indicators of the equipment included in the cogeneration unit, and the price of energy carriers are suggested. An analysis performed with the help of these relationships showed that the cogeneration unit of the same thermal capacity as the boiler (or boilers), which is going to be replaced, in comparison with CU installed on the basis of a generating unit definitely requires an increase in fuel consumption, and the profit, determined as the difference between income from generated electricity sales and fuel purchase costs, becomes dependent on the prices of natural gas and electricity, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the equipment for cogeneration. With certain combinations of these parameters, the cogeneration unit, installed on the basis of heat generation, may not be profitable, but unprofitable. Moreover, as natural gas price increases and electricity tariff remains fixed, CUs, designed as profitable, may become unprofitable. These conditions are considered in the article. Relationships between the CU’s parameters and tariffs for the natural gas and electricity, which determine the area of profitable work of the cogeneration unit, are obtained. Given the current prices for energy carriers, the design of the CU based on the communal heat supply comes to the selection of the equipment that ensures the profitability of the installation that is sufficient for the recoupment of capital investments within 2-3 years. At the same time, the acceptable limits of the possible increase in the gas/electricity tariffs ratio should be determined. The main conclusion: the cogeneration unit based on district heat supply with a positive economic effect can be installed only if certain economic and technological conditions, which must be taken into account when designing it, are observed.
{"title":"PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION OF COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL ENERGY","authors":"V. N. Klimenko","doi":"10.31472/ihe.3.2018.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/ihe.3.2018.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers conditions and possibilities for installing cogeneration units (CUs) in district heating boiler houses. The main requirement to do it is the equality of the CUs’ heat capacity and the heat capacity of the boilers that are going to be replaced. \u0000Because the fuel (natural gas) consumption increases due to such replacement, it is necessary to determine the conditions, taking into account the constant growth of energy carriers’ prices, under which the transition to cogeneration technologies in the heat supply system will be feasible, i.е. the project will make a profit and ensure the reasonable payback period. For this purpose, the relationships between the profitability of the project, the economic indicators of the equipment included in the cogeneration unit, and the price of energy carriers are suggested. An analysis performed with the help of these relationships showed that the cogeneration unit of the same thermal capacity as the boiler (or boilers), which is going to be replaced, in comparison with CU installed on the basis of a generating unit definitely requires an increase in fuel consumption, and the profit, determined as the difference between income from generated electricity sales and fuel purchase costs, becomes dependent on the prices of natural gas and electricity, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the equipment for cogeneration. With certain combinations of these parameters, the cogeneration unit, installed on the basis of heat generation, may not be profitable, but unprofitable. Moreover, as natural gas price increases and electricity tariff remains fixed, CUs, designed as profitable, may become unprofitable. These conditions are considered in the article. Relationships between the CU’s parameters and tariffs for the natural gas and electricity, which determine the area of profitable work of the cogeneration unit, are obtained. Given the current prices for energy carriers, the design of the CU based on the communal heat supply comes to the selection of the equipment that ensures the profitability of the installation that is sufficient for the recoupment of capital investments within 2-3 years. At the same time, the acceptable limits of the possible increase in the gas/electricity tariffs ratio should be determined. \u0000The main conclusion: the cogeneration unit based on district heat supply with a positive economic effect can be installed only if certain economic and technological conditions, which must be taken into account when designing it, are observed.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131075139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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