Purpose of the paper is to analyze main trends of bioenergy development in the EU, identify successful examples and existing problems and also to suggest some recommendations on implementing the best European practices in Ukraine’s bioenergy sector. State of the art and prospects for the development of bioenergy in the EU-28 until 2030 are presented. It is shown that bioenergy is an important part of European Union’s energy sector and the biggest contributor to renewable energy production. The EU is getting on quite well with achieving its RES 2020 targets set by the Directive 2009/28/EС. By now at least ten counties have already attained their obligatory share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption. According to expert estimation, under further pursuing of the favourable policy, the present share of RES in EU’s energy consumption may double and reach about 34% in 2030. Main features of bioenergy part in different EU’s energy production and consumption sectors are analyzed. Traditionally, in the EU, biomass contributes mostly to heat production and its leading part among other RES in the sector is expected to remain beyond 2020. The situation in Ukraine is in line with this trend. The difference is that in the EU most part of heat is produced combined with power, and in Ukraine there are few biomass CHP plants. Besides, power production from biomass is behind other RES in Ukraine in contrast with the EU. Based on the main trends existing in the EU, one can recommend the priority development of biomass CHP to Ukraine and also some higher contribution of biomass to power production compared with other RES. In addition it is suggested that Ukraine should pay more attention to the production and consumption of second generation biofuels and implementation of sustainability criteria in the bioenergy sector.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN TRENDS OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION","authors":"T. Zheliezna, A. Bashtovyi","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the paper is to analyze main trends of bioenergy development in the EU, identify successful examples and existing problems and also to suggest some recommendations on implementing the best European practices in Ukraine’s bioenergy sector. State of the art and prospects for the development of bioenergy in the EU-28 until 2030 are presented. It is shown that bioenergy is an important part of European Union’s energy sector and the biggest contributor to renewable energy production. The EU is getting on quite well with achieving its RES 2020 targets set by the Directive 2009/28/EС. By now at least ten counties have already attained their obligatory share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption. According to expert estimation, under further pursuing of the favourable policy, the present share of RES in EU’s energy consumption may double and reach about 34% in 2030. Main features of bioenergy part in different EU’s energy production and consumption sectors are analyzed. Traditionally, in the EU, biomass contributes mostly to heat production and its leading part among other RES in the sector is expected to remain beyond 2020. The situation in Ukraine is in line with this trend. The difference is that in the EU most part of heat is produced combined with power, and in Ukraine there are few biomass CHP plants. Besides, power production from biomass is behind other RES in Ukraine in contrast with the EU. Based on the main trends existing in the EU, one can recommend the priority development of biomass CHP to Ukraine and also some higher contribution of biomass to power production compared with other RES. In addition it is suggested that Ukraine should pay more attention to the production and consumption of second generation biofuels and implementation of sustainability criteria in the bioenergy sector.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125954638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hydrodynamic instability of flow with slippage in a curvilinear porous microchannel between two stationary concentric cylinders is investigated. Unperturbed velocity profiles for a flow with slip are obtained. The problem of linear instability is solved numerically, using the collocation method. Calculations showed that an increase in the coefficient of slippage, the porosity of the medium and the width of the channel leads to an increase in the occupancy of the velocity profile of the undisturbed flow (the profile becomes more flat). This, in turn, leads to an increase in the critical values of Dean number and the critical wave length of the perturbation, which determine the instability criteria for the flow. It is also shown that for σ> 0 the dependences of the critical Dean number on the parameter η have a minimum observed at η = 0.5. With decrease in channel width and permeability, this effect is leveled.
{"title":"THE INSTABILITY OF SLIPPING FLOW IN A CURVILINEAR POROUS MICROCHANNEL","authors":"Y. Kovetska, A. I. Skitsko, T. Sorokina","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.03","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrodynamic instability of flow with slippage in a curvilinear porous microchannel between two stationary concentric cylinders is investigated. Unperturbed velocity profiles for a flow with slip are obtained. The problem of linear instability is solved numerically, using the collocation method. Calculations showed that an increase in the coefficient of slippage, the porosity of the medium and the width of the channel leads to an increase in the occupancy of the velocity profile of the undisturbed flow (the profile becomes more flat). This, in turn, leads to an increase in the critical values of Dean number and the critical wave length of the perturbation, which determine the instability criteria for the flow. It is also shown that for σ> 0 the dependences of the critical Dean number on the parameter η have a minimum observed at η = 0.5. With decrease in channel width and permeability, this effect is leveled.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124383574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The communal heat power engineering of Ukraine and its main area - the heat supply of the settlements of Ukraine - is the main consumer of primary energy resources (more than 60% of the total energy balance of the country, mainly imported natural gas). At the same time, this sector has the greatest potential for energy saving if measures and mechanisms are used to increase the efficiency of energy use, first of all with energy supply in buildings (thermal losses here reach up to 40%). Low energy efficiency of heat supply is the main reason for high tariffs for the consumer of housing and communal services and the challenge of social tension. Increasing energy efficiency is a basic condition for national economic, environmental and social stability, a requirement for the safety of life and a guarantee of the entire national security of the country. An overview of technological, organizational and socio-economic innovations for increasing energy efficiency of buildings is presented. Innovative equipment and technologies for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and innovative engineering systems for their energy supply have been carried out at ITTP NAS of Ukraine. The method of determination of energy efficiency indicators of buildings, enclosing structures of buildings and the practice of conducting energy audits with the use of such diagnostic center measures as demonstration building of the "zero energy" constructed on the territory of ITT of NAS of Ukraine with energy supply from renewable energy sources (heat of soil, insolation, wind). Such a demonstration facility serves as a scientific and methodological center for training students of heat energy specialties, as well as the training of specialists involved in the development of energy efficient energy supply technologies for buildings and their energy audit. On the problems of increasing energy efficiency of the building sector in the near future, the main objectives of scientific research, subjects of fundamental, applied research, subjects, methods and tools of such research were determined.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC INNOVATIONS FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS (Review)","authors":"B. Basok, E. T. Baseyev","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.07","url":null,"abstract":"The communal heat power engineering of Ukraine and its main area - the heat supply of the settlements of Ukraine - is the main consumer of primary energy resources (more than 60% of the total energy balance of the country, mainly imported natural gas). At the same time, this sector has the greatest potential for energy saving if measures and mechanisms are used to increase the efficiency of energy use, first of all with energy supply in buildings (thermal losses here reach up to 40%). Low energy efficiency of heat supply is the main reason for high tariffs for the consumer of housing and communal services and the challenge of social tension. Increasing energy efficiency is a basic condition for national economic, environmental and social stability, a requirement for the safety of life and a guarantee of the entire national security of the country. An overview of technological, organizational and socio-economic innovations for increasing energy efficiency of buildings is presented. Innovative equipment and technologies for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and innovative engineering systems for their energy supply have been carried out at ITTP NAS of Ukraine. The method of determination of energy efficiency indicators of buildings, enclosing structures of buildings and the practice of conducting energy audits with the use of such diagnostic center measures as demonstration building of the \"zero energy\" constructed on the territory of ITT of NAS of Ukraine with energy supply from renewable energy sources (heat of soil, insolation, wind). Such a demonstration facility serves as a scientific and methodological center for training students of heat energy specialties, as well as the training of specialists involved in the development of energy efficient energy supply technologies for buildings and their energy audit. On the problems of increasing energy efficiency of the building sector in the near future, the main objectives of scientific research, subjects of fundamental, applied research, subjects, methods and tools of such research were determined.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114320312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fialko, V. A. Nosovskyi, Ju. V. Sherenkovskiy, N. Meranova, I. G. Sharaevskyi, І.L. Pioro
A study of the specifics of supercritical water flow under conditions of mixed convection was made on the basis of CFD modeling. The results of comparison of the numerical solutions obtained in the presence and absence of the buoyancy forces are given. It is shown that the influence of Archimedean forces on the flow structure is localized in the central region of tube length. The data of computer modeling of supercritical water flow pattern with the variation of heat flux q on the tube wall are obtained. The dependence of the localization of mixed convection zone from the value of q is established. The change of the local Richardson number in the context of the effect of the localization of buoyancy forces action is analyzed. For the conditions under consideration, the dependence of turbulent transfer intensity on the effect of Archimedean forces is investigated. It is shown that this action causes oppression of turbulent transport, which is most significantly manifested near the wall of the tube.
{"title":"SPECIFICS OF THE FLOW OF SUPERCRITICAL WATER UNDER CONDITIONS OF MIXED CONVECTION","authors":"N. Fialko, V. A. Nosovskyi, Ju. V. Sherenkovskiy, N. Meranova, I. G. Sharaevskyi, І.L. Pioro","doi":"10.31472/IHE.3.2018.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.3.2018.02","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the specifics of supercritical water flow under conditions of mixed convection was made on the basis of CFD modeling. The results of comparison of the numerical solutions obtained in the presence and absence of the buoyancy forces are given. It is shown that the influence of Archimedean forces on the flow structure is localized in the central region of tube length. The data of computer modeling of supercritical water flow pattern with the variation of heat flux q on the tube wall are obtained. The dependence of the localization of mixed convection zone from the value of q is established. The change of the local Richardson number in the context of the effect of the localization of buoyancy forces action is analyzed. For the conditions under consideration, the dependence of turbulent transfer intensity on the effect of Archimedean forces is investigated. It is shown that this action causes oppression of turbulent transport, which is most significantly manifested near the wall of the tube.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125367600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of experimental modeling of shear and shearless flow with periodic velocity nonstationarity, organized using a generator of periodic wakes such as the "squirrel" cage, are presented. The purpose of this paper is to compare the structure of the flow behind the "squirrel" cages, as well as the analysis of the characteristics of the transition boundary layer for two different ways of locating the working surfaces: in the zone of the shearless core and shear periphery zone. The physical modelling of turbulized flow with velocity periodic nonstationarity is carried out in two experimental installations. It is shown that behind rotating “squirrel” cages there are two regions in the distributions of mean time velocities: the shearless flow core located in the center of “squirrel” cage and peripheral shear part. The aim of this paper is to compare the flow structure behind “squirrel” cages as well as to analyze the features of transient boundary layer for two different installations of working surfaces. The latter were flat plates installed on the different distances from the center of the “squirrel” cages: in the shearless flow core and in shear zone. Total longitudinal fluctuations are characterized by peaks reason of which is intersections of wakes. Behind the “squirrel” cages the levels of fluctuations decrease along the plates at x~100-600 mm from ~12 to 4,5% (II) and from ~6 to 3,5% (I). Despite the development of boundary layer happens under different external conditions (in uniform (I) and shear (II) flows), wake-induced transition takes place in both installations. Transformation of velocity profiles from pseudolaminar to turbulent is similar to one taking place in bypass transition. Distributions of total longitudinal fluctuations across the boundary layer differ by quantity of peaks and their intensity. Today the physical modeling is one of the most perspective methods for studying transport processes under complex conditions. That is why the experimental investigations of periodic external flow structure are necessary for the further optimization of different equipment and their reliability enhancement.
{"title":"MODELLING OF SHEAR AND SHEARLESS FLOW WITH PERIODIC VELOCITY NONSTATIONARITY","authors":"T. Suprun","doi":"10.31472/ihe.2.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/ihe.2.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"The results of experimental modeling of shear and shearless flow with periodic velocity nonstationarity, organized using a generator of periodic wakes such as the \"squirrel\" cage, are presented. The purpose of this paper is to compare the structure of the flow behind the \"squirrel\" cages, as well as the analysis of the characteristics of the transition boundary layer for two different ways of locating the working surfaces: in the zone of the shearless core and shear periphery zone. \u0000The physical modelling of turbulized flow with velocity periodic nonstationarity is carried out in two experimental installations. It is shown that behind rotating “squirrel” cages there are two regions in the distributions of mean time velocities: the shearless flow core located in the center of “squirrel” cage and peripheral shear part. The aim of this paper is to compare the flow structure behind “squirrel” cages as well as to analyze the features of transient boundary layer for two different installations of working surfaces. The latter were flat plates installed on the different distances from the center of the “squirrel” cages: in the shearless flow core and in shear zone. Total longitudinal fluctuations are characterized by peaks reason of which is intersections of wakes. Behind the “squirrel” cages the levels of fluctuations decrease along the plates at x~100-600 mm from ~12 to 4,5% (II) and from ~6 to 3,5% (I). Despite the development of boundary layer happens under different external conditions (in uniform (I) and shear (II) flows), wake-induced transition takes place in both installations. Transformation of velocity profiles from pseudolaminar to turbulent is similar to one taking place in bypass transition. Distributions of total longitudinal fluctuations across the boundary layer differ by quantity of peaks and their intensity. Today the physical modeling is one of the most perspective methods for studying transport processes under complex conditions. That is why the experimental investigations of periodic external flow structure are necessary for the further optimization of different equipment and their reliability enhancement.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122042839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is devoted to determining the effective thermal conductivity coefficient of a mathematical model of high temperature drying biomass. The method of experimental research kinetics of drying and theoretical processing of the results is developed. The results of the research are presented. The average value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity is calculated and the possibility of its application in calculations of high temperature drying of biomass is substantiated. The modeling of high-temperature drying of biomass and peat will allow developing and substantiat-ing the methods of intensification of the drying process, developing engineering methods for calculating the equipment and ensuring the creation of the most rational designs of drying plants. Increasing the accuracy of mathematical modeling requires conducting experimental studies and de-termining the value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity of materials in the dry zone, as well as the influence of the temperature regime and properties of biomass on its value. The aim of the work is to determine the effective coefficient of heat conductivity of biomass in con-ditions of high temperature drying in biofuel production technologies. The methodology of determination of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity for use in cal-culations of drying process under the model of high temperature drying of biomass is developed. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the kinetics of high- temperature drying of biomass samples of pine, willow and poplar of flat form. The theoretical model of flat particle drying was developed and cal-culations of the process of high-temperature drying of flat bodies were conducted. According to the results of the research, the value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity for a series of experiments is de-termined by the method of minimizing the relative error of theoretical and experimental results. The average value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity is calculated and the its applicability in the calcula-tions of high temperature drying of biomass using the mathematical model is substantiated. Based on these studies, the validity of the provisions of the developed mathematical model is concluded. The results can be used to upgrade and optimize processes in aerodynamic dryers.
{"title":"EFFECTIVE COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BIOFUEL IN THE CONDITIONS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE DRYING","authors":"D. Korinchuk","doi":"10.31472/IHE.2.2018.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.2.2018.07","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to determining the effective thermal conductivity coefficient of a mathematical model of high temperature drying biomass. The method of experimental research kinetics of drying and theoretical processing of the results is developed. The results of the research are presented. The average value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity is calculated and the possibility of its application in calculations of high temperature drying of biomass is substantiated. \u0000The modeling of high-temperature drying of biomass and peat will allow developing and substantiat-ing the methods of intensification of the drying process, developing engineering methods for calculating the equipment and ensuring the creation of the most rational designs of drying plants. Increasing the accuracy of mathematical modeling requires conducting experimental studies and de-termining the value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity of materials in the dry zone, as well as the influence of the temperature regime and properties of biomass on its value. The aim of the work is to determine the effective coefficient of heat conductivity of biomass in con-ditions of high temperature drying in biofuel production technologies. The methodology of determination of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity for use in cal-culations of drying process under the model of high temperature drying of biomass is developed. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the kinetics of high- temperature drying of biomass samples of pine, willow and poplar of flat form. The theoretical model of flat particle drying was developed and cal-culations of the process of high-temperature drying of flat bodies were conducted. According to the results of the research, the value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity for a series of experiments is de-termined by the method of minimizing the relative error of theoretical and experimental results. The average value of the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity is calculated and the its applicability in the calcula-tions of high temperature drying of biomass using the mathematical model is substantiated. Based on these studies, the validity of the provisions of the developed mathematical model is concluded. The results can be used to upgrade and optimize processes in aerodynamic dryers.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134179881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fialko, R. Navrodskaya, G. Presich, G. Gnedash, S. Shevchuk, O. V. Martiuk
It is revealed that the humidifying of blown air in complex heat recovery systems of gas-fired boiler plants provides the significant reduction in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust-gases due to the suppression of their formation in the boiler furnace when moisture is introduced with this air. Problems of environmental protection and energy-saving became priority in world practice. The main directions of deciding these pressing problems in municipal heat-power engineering is to improve the environmental indicators of heating boiler plants and increase the efficiency of using fuel in them through the use of technologies for deep recovery of the exhaust-gases heat. The relevance of scientific problems in these directions is increasing due to the steady increase in the fuel-energy costs and the strengthening of requirements to reducing environmental pollution. When using these technologies of deep heat-recovery of exhaust-gases, the condensation mode of the heat-recovery equipment is realized, when, apart from to the so-called clear heat of these gases, the latent heat of condensation of the water vapor contained in them is also used. The condensation mode implementation also improves the ecological indicators of the boiler due to the reduction of fuel consumption and the dissolution in the resulting condensate of a part of harmful emissions formed during its combustion. The use of modern heat-recovery technologies for the gasfired boiler plants with complex use of recovered heat for the preheating of boiler water, water of the chemical waterpurification system and blowing air makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption in the boiler and, accordingly, its harmful emissions by 8...12 %. Humidification of the blowing air through the use of the recovery heat also provides a reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions to 60 % by suppressing their formation in the boiler combustion chamber.
{"title":"INCREASE OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX HEAT-RECOVERY SYSTEMS FOR BOILER PLANTS","authors":"N. Fialko, R. Navrodskaya, G. Presich, G. Gnedash, S. Shevchuk, O. V. Martiuk","doi":"10.31472/IHE.2.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.2.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"It is revealed that the humidifying of blown air in complex heat recovery systems of gas-fired boiler plants provides the significant reduction in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust-gases due to the suppression of their formation in the boiler furnace when moisture is introduced with this air. \u0000Problems of environmental protection and energy-saving became priority in world practice. The main directions of deciding these pressing problems in municipal heat-power engineering is to improve the environmental indicators of heating boiler plants and increase the efficiency of using fuel in them through the use of technologies for deep recovery of the exhaust-gases heat. The relevance of scientific problems in these directions is increasing due to the steady increase in the fuel-energy costs and the strengthening of requirements to reducing environmental pollution. \u0000When using these technologies of deep heat-recovery of exhaust-gases, the condensation mode of the heat-recovery equipment is realized, when, apart from to the so-called clear heat of these gases, the latent heat of condensation of the water vapor contained in them is also used. The condensation mode implementation also improves the ecological indicators of the boiler due to the reduction of fuel consumption and the dissolution in the resulting condensate of a part of harmful emissions formed during its combustion. \u0000The use of modern heat-recovery technologies for the gasfired boiler plants with complex use of recovered heat for the preheating of boiler water, water of the chemical waterpurification system and blowing air makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption in the boiler and, accordingly, its harmful emissions by 8...12 %. \u0000Humidification of the blowing air through the use of the recovery heat also provides a reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions to 60 % by suppressing their formation in the boiler combustion chamber.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"50 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126931249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fialko, R. Dinzhos, R. O. Navrodskaya, N. Meranova, Ju. V. Sherenkovskiy
The results of patterns studies of structure formation during the crysta- llization of a polymer microcomposite based on polyethylene filled with aluminum microparticles are presented. The data of a comparative analysis of the structure formation mechanisms in the use of different methods for the preparation of composites.
{"title":"THE CRYSTALIZATION REGULARITY OF POLYMER MICROCOMPOSITE MATERIALS IN DIFFERENT METHODS OF THEIR PREPARATION","authors":"N. Fialko, R. Dinzhos, R. O. Navrodskaya, N. Meranova, Ju. V. Sherenkovskiy","doi":"10.31472/IHE.2.2018.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.2.2018.01","url":null,"abstract":"The results of patterns studies of structure formation during the crysta- llization of a polymer microcomposite based on polyethylene filled with aluminum microparticles are presented. The data of a comparative analysis of the structure formation mechanisms in the use of different methods for the preparation of composites.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130004264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research review of phenomenon for slip flow in micro and nanocannels is presented in the paper. The analysis of theoretical and experimental data characterizing the slip length is carried out. In slip flow in microchannels the slip length is affected by the contact angle of the liquid with the surface, shear stress, pressure, dissipative heating, the amount and nature of the dissolved gas in the liquid, electrical characteristics, surface roughness. Studies of flow in microchannels with hydrophobic walls, which are based on molecular dynamics, showed that the slip length has order of 20 nm. This is much less than the values observed in the experiment. The introduction of an effective (apparent) slip length suggests the existence of a thin layer of gas bubbles near the hydrophobic surface or liquid layer with low value of viscosity and density. Since the idealized model for the total coverage of a hydrophobic surface by gas bubbles gives, as a rule, overestimated values of the slip length in comparison with experimental ones, some researchers consider the inhomogeneous coating of the wall by gas bubbles. In this case, the effect of a layer with a lower viscosity on the slip length turns out to be weaker.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF THE SLIP LENGTH IN THE FLOW OF LIQUID IN MICRO-CHANNELS","authors":"Y. Kovetska","doi":"10.31472/IHE.2.2018.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.2.2018.02","url":null,"abstract":"Research review of phenomenon for slip flow in micro and nanocannels is presented in the paper. The analysis of theoretical and experimental data characterizing the slip length is carried out. In slip flow in microchannels the slip length is affected by the contact angle of the liquid with the surface, shear stress, pressure, dissipative heating, the amount and nature of the dissolved gas in the liquid, electrical characteristics, surface roughness. Studies of flow in microchannels with hydrophobic walls, which are based on molecular dynamics, showed that the slip length has order of 20 nm. This is much less than the values observed in the experiment. The introduction of an effective (apparent) slip length suggests the existence of a thin layer of gas bubbles near the hydrophobic surface or liquid layer with low value of viscosity and density. Since the idealized model for the total coverage of a hydrophobic surface by gas bubbles gives, as a rule, overestimated values of the slip length in comparison with experimental ones, some researchers consider the inhomogeneous coating of the wall by gas bubbles. In this case, the effect of a layer with a lower viscosity on the slip length turns out to be weaker.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123874008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Geletukha, T. Zheliezna, A. Bashtovyi, G. Geletukha
The current state of the development of bioenergy in Ukraine is presented. Prospects for the production of heat from biomass by sectors of consumption until 2050 are estimated. The most important barriers to the development of the sector are analyzed, ways for their complete or partial overcoming are suggested. The current state of the development of bioenergy in Ukraine is presented. It is shown that according to Ukraine’s energy balance for 2010-2016, the average annual growth of bioenergy is 45 % by the «production of biofuel and wastes» and 35 % by the «total primary energy supply from biofuels and wastes». Despite quite good dynamics of the development, to reach key figures of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 it is necessary to speed up bioenergy growth. Prospects for the production of heat from biomass by sectors of consumption until 2050 are estimated. The obtained results show that the share of renewables in the total heat production may be over 57 % in 2050. At that the consumption of renewable energy sources will be about 13.8 Mtoe/yr (of which biomass accounts for over 90 %), and the respective replacement of natural gas will come to about 17 billion m3/yr. The most important barriers to the development of bioenergy sector are analyzed, and ways for their complete or partial overcoming are suggested. Ukraine has quite good legal basis for the development of renewable energy. In particular, it includes the feed-in tariff for power produced from alternative energy sources and stimulating tariff for heat produced from alternative energy sources for households and public buildings. For the wider involvement of biomass in the fuel and energy balance of Ukraine it is necessary to provide legal basis and implementation of a number of important measures.Among others, they include creating preconditions for increasing harvesting of wood in Ukraine’s forests, introduction of the electronic biofuel trade system, ensuring fair access of independentproducersofbiomassheattoheatnetworksandother.
{"title":"PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE","authors":"G. Geletukha, T. Zheliezna, A. Bashtovyi, G. Geletukha","doi":"10.31472/IHE.2.2018.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31472/IHE.2.2018.06","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of the development of bioenergy in Ukraine is presented. Prospects for the production of heat from biomass by sectors of consumption until 2050 are estimated. The most important barriers to the development of the sector are analyzed, ways for their complete or partial overcoming are suggested. \u0000The current state of the development of bioenergy in Ukraine is presented. It is shown that according to Ukraine’s energy balance for 2010-2016, the average annual growth of bioenergy is 45 % by the «production of biofuel and wastes» and 35 % by the «total primary energy supply from biofuels and wastes». Despite quite good dynamics of the development, to reach key figures of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 it is necessary to speed up bioenergy growth. Prospects for the production of heat from biomass by sectors of consumption until 2050 are estimated. The obtained results show that the share of renewables in the total heat production may be over 57 % in 2050. At that the consumption of renewable energy sources will be about 13.8 Mtoe/yr (of which biomass accounts for over 90 %), and the respective replacement of natural gas will come to about 17 billion m3/yr. The most important barriers to the development of bioenergy sector are analyzed, and ways for their complete or partial overcoming are suggested. Ukraine has quite good legal basis for the development of renewable energy. In particular, it includes the feed-in tariff for power produced from alternative energy sources and stimulating tariff for heat produced from alternative energy sources for households and public buildings. For the wider involvement of biomass in the fuel and energy balance of Ukraine it is necessary to provide legal basis and implementation of a number of important measures.Among others, they include creating preconditions for increasing harvesting of wood in Ukraine’s forests, introduction of the electronic biofuel trade system, ensuring fair access of independentproducersofbiomassheattoheatnetworksandother.","PeriodicalId":133229,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Heat Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121482752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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