Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481396
Bishal Mondal;Arun Karuppaswamy B
Incisive selection of the $bm {LCL}$ filter parameters for a grid-connected inverter (GCI) is crucial to meet the grid interconnection standards with a reduced hardware footprint. Various design methods are available in the literature for selecting the $bm {LCL}$ filter parameters. While the grid-side inductor of the $bm {LCL}$ filter can utilize an iron core and follow the standard grid frequency inductor design, the inverter-side inductor design needs attention since it has significant switching frequency harmonics. This paper presents an extensive discussion on the design of the inverter-side inductor for GCIs. The inverter-side inductor ($bm {L}_{bm {i}}$) is calculated based on the allowable inverter peak-peak ripple current to reduce the losses due to the ripple component. The value or size of $bm {L}_{bm {i}}$ depends on the inverter configuration, switching technique, and the application. The initial sections of the paper present a comprehensive analysis, comparing the value and hence the size of $bm {L}_{bm {i}}$ for different wiring configurations and applications. Closed-form expressions are developed for $bm {L}_{bm {i}}$ and are used in selecting the minimum value of $bm {L}_{bm {i}}$. The suitability of an amorphous core for the inverter-side inductor is discussed. The amorphous-core inductor designs in literature can lead to a wide variation of inductance with current and have been analyzed to cause differential and common mode noise. To address this, a novel amorphous-core inductor design is proposed in the later sections of this work. The proposed approach ensures a minimal variation in the inductance over the operating current range. Experimental results are provided to support the various theoretical assertions.
{"title":"Analysis of Inverter Output Current Ripple and Design of Inverter-Side Output Filter Inductor for Grid-Connected Applications","authors":"Bishal Mondal;Arun Karuppaswamy B","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481396","url":null,"abstract":"Incisive selection of the <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {LCL}$</tex-math></inline-formula> filter parameters for a grid-connected inverter (GCI) is crucial to meet the grid interconnection standards with a reduced hardware footprint. Various design methods are available in the literature for selecting the <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {LCL}$</tex-math></inline-formula> filter parameters. While the grid-side inductor of the <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {LCL}$</tex-math></inline-formula> filter can utilize an iron core and follow the standard grid frequency inductor design, the inverter-side inductor design needs attention since it has significant switching frequency harmonics. This paper presents an extensive discussion on the design of the inverter-side inductor for GCIs. The inverter-side inductor (<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {L}_{bm {i}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) is calculated based on the allowable inverter peak-peak ripple current to reduce the losses due to the ripple component. The value or size of <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {L}_{bm {i}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> depends on the inverter configuration, switching technique, and the application. The initial sections of the paper present a comprehensive analysis, comparing the value and hence the size of <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {L}_{bm {i}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for different wiring configurations and applications. Closed-form expressions are developed for <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {L}_{bm {i}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and are used in selecting the minimum value of <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {L}_{bm {i}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The suitability of an amorphous core for the inverter-side inductor is discussed. The amorphous-core inductor designs in literature can lead to a wide variation of inductance with current and have been analyzed to cause differential and common mode noise. To address this, a novel amorphous-core inductor design is proposed in the later sections of this work. The proposed approach ensures a minimal variation in the inductance over the operating current range. Experimental results are provided to support the various theoretical assertions.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"686-702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481395
Jing Zhao;Junxi Guo;Fei Dong
Linear motor position measurement faces serious cumulative error problem under long stroke and high-frequency response, which limits the mover position feedback accuracy. This work proposes a cumulative error elimination method for long-stroke displacement measurement based on BP neural network and singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering. Firstly, based on machine vision technology, an image position measurement model of linear motor is established, followed by theoretical analysis of cumulative errors under long stroke and high-frequency response. Secondly, a BP neural network model considering the cumulative error is constructed to obtain the mover displacement of linear motor with long stroke. To reduce the influence of random initialization of neural network model parameters on the fluctuation range of prediction accuracy, the relationship between maximum prediction absolute error and target accuracy was established to ensure the training time and improve the stability of model prediction accuracy. Subsequently, the Hankle matrix is constructed to filter the prediction results by SVD, which can further reduce the amplitude of cumulative error fluctuation. Finally, a linear motor displacement measurement platform is built. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to other methods, the proposed method can effectively reduce the cumulative error in linear motor displacement measurement, exhibiting high robustness and real-time performance.
{"title":"Cumulative Error Elimination for PMLSM Mover Displacement Measurement Based on BP Neural Network Model and SVD","authors":"Jing Zhao;Junxi Guo;Fei Dong","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481395","url":null,"abstract":"Linear motor position measurement faces serious cumulative error problem under long stroke and high-frequency response, which limits the mover position feedback accuracy. This work proposes a cumulative error elimination method for long-stroke displacement measurement based on BP neural network and singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering. Firstly, based on machine vision technology, an image position measurement model of linear motor is established, followed by theoretical analysis of cumulative errors under long stroke and high-frequency response. Secondly, a BP neural network model considering the cumulative error is constructed to obtain the mover displacement of linear motor with long stroke. To reduce the influence of random initialization of neural network model parameters on the fluctuation range of prediction accuracy, the relationship between maximum prediction absolute error and target accuracy was established to ensure the training time and improve the stability of model prediction accuracy. Subsequently, the Hankle matrix is constructed to filter the prediction results by SVD, which can further reduce the amplitude of cumulative error fluctuation. Finally, a linear motor displacement measurement platform is built. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to other methods, the proposed method can effectively reduce the cumulative error in linear motor displacement measurement, exhibiting high robustness and real-time performance.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481389
Georgios C. Kryonidis;Kalliopi D. Pippi;Angelos I. Nousdilis;Theofilos A. Papadopoulos
This paper presents a comparative analysis of data-driven control strategies for voltage regulation (VR) and power smoothing (PS) in distribution grids with distributed renewable energy sources and battery energy storage systems (DBESSs). The main scope of this analysis is to assess the concurrent operation of VR and PS techniques in terms of voltage violation mitigation, DBESS utilization, smoothing capability, etc. The examined control schemes are applied to distribution networks consisting of sub-grids with different voltage levels, i.e., medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV), to investigate potential interactions focusing on the VR performance. The VR issues are addressed by introducing a new hierarchical coordination framework that actively controls the active and reactive power flows between MV and LV sub-grids. Quasi-static simulations are performed on a MV-LV distribution network consisting of the 33-bus MV benchmark network and the IEEE European LV test feeder, revealing a strong VR interaction between LV and MV sub-grids. In addition, the proposed hierarchical control scheme effectively mitigates the VR issues caused by the uncoordinated operation of the LV and MV sub-grids. Finally, the concurrent operation of VR and PS techniques improves the VR efficacy by means of reducing the required reactive power at the expense of DBESS utilization.
{"title":"Analysis and Coordinated Provision of Voltage Regulation and Power Smoothing Services in MV-LV Distribution Grids","authors":"Georgios C. Kryonidis;Kalliopi D. Pippi;Angelos I. Nousdilis;Theofilos A. Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481389","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative analysis of data-driven control strategies for voltage regulation (VR) and power smoothing (PS) in distribution grids with distributed renewable energy sources and battery energy storage systems (DBESSs). The main scope of this analysis is to assess the concurrent operation of VR and PS techniques in terms of voltage violation mitigation, DBESS utilization, smoothing capability, etc. The examined control schemes are applied to distribution networks consisting of sub-grids with different voltage levels, i.e., medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV), to investigate potential interactions focusing on the VR performance. The VR issues are addressed by introducing a new hierarchical coordination framework that actively controls the active and reactive power flows between MV and LV sub-grids. Quasi-static simulations are performed on a MV-LV distribution network consisting of the 33-bus MV benchmark network and the IEEE European LV test feeder, revealing a strong VR interaction between LV and MV sub-grids. In addition, the proposed hierarchical control scheme effectively mitigates the VR issues caused by the uncoordinated operation of the LV and MV sub-grids. Finally, the concurrent operation of VR and PS techniques improves the VR efficacy by means of reducing the required reactive power at the expense of DBESS utilization.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1161-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481365
Maria O. Hanna;Mostafa F. Shaaban;Magdy M. A. Salama
Public transportation electrification is a topic of great interest due to its potentially significant impact on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to electrify the public transportation system, the first stage is to determine the appropriate sizing of the necessary assets. Consequently, the goal of this work is the sizing of the fleet and chargers for transit agencies that choose to operate their fleets using two different modes of charging: overnight and opportunity charging. The developed methodology incorporates detailed route assignment, energy consumption modeling, and charging requirements for electric fleets. The problem goes through several stages: day-time operation is first modeled for every route individually to determine battery electric bus (BEB) route assignment while enforcing battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. Next, night-time operation is modeled to determine the optimal number of chargers needed to fully charge the fleet in preparation for the next day's operation. Once the operational formulation is completed, the planning formulation which determines the final selection of the assets to be purchased is presented. This formulation reflects the real-world selection and procurement process, which accounts for the interactions between transit agencies and technology manufacturers or suppliers. In this work the proposed methodology is applied on a transit system comprised of four short-distance Canadian routes, to determine the final number of BEBs and chargers needed for both modes of charging. The results highlight the efficacy of the proposed approach in determining the operation of the fleet as well as the required number of chargers required.
{"title":"Comprehensive Fleet and Charger Sizing for Public Transportation Electrification Considering Route Assignment","authors":"Maria O. Hanna;Mostafa F. Shaaban;Magdy M. A. Salama","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481365","url":null,"abstract":"Public transportation electrification is a topic of great interest due to its potentially significant impact on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to electrify the public transportation system, the first stage is to determine the appropriate sizing of the necessary assets. Consequently, the goal of this work is the sizing of the fleet and chargers for transit agencies that choose to operate their fleets using two different modes of charging: overnight and opportunity charging. The developed methodology incorporates detailed route assignment, energy consumption modeling, and charging requirements for electric fleets. The problem goes through several stages: day-time operation is first modeled for every route individually to determine battery electric bus (BEB) route assignment while enforcing battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. Next, night-time operation is modeled to determine the optimal number of chargers needed to fully charge the fleet in preparation for the next day's operation. Once the operational formulation is completed, the planning formulation which determines the final selection of the assets to be purchased is presented. This formulation reflects the real-world selection and procurement process, which accounts for the interactions between transit agencies and technology manufacturers or suppliers. In this work the proposed methodology is applied on a transit system comprised of four short-distance Canadian routes, to determine the final number of BEBs and chargers needed for both modes of charging. The results highlight the efficacy of the proposed approach in determining the operation of the fleet as well as the required number of chargers required.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"763-773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481393
Antonio Silveira;Marco Sagliano;Rodrigo Trentini;David Seelbinder;Stephan Theil
In this work, the Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) is revisited in order to assess a novel design procedure that avoids the Diophantine equations to simplify the GPC design in the colored noise case. The proposed method is investigated in a simulated case study of a double-integrator system to emulate a floating spacecraft simulator in a ludic and motivational form. Such emulation is proposed by combining a network-controlled quadcopter and a set of computer-based control algorithms to impose the double-integrator dynamics being representative of the behavior of the aerial system. The GPC design based on auto-regressive integrated moving average with exogenous inputs (ARIMAX) is compared to the more common ARIX-based design, assuming the presence of colored noise disturbances. These designs were also compared to the Linear Quadratic Gaussian method to establish a baseline result with a well-known control technology. The ARIMAX models obtained for the quadcopter were estimated using least-squares methods based on registered flight data. The amplitude spectrum of the estimated colored noise disturbances was analyzed to justify the feasibility of the study between the considered GPC designs. The main finding of this study was that no enhancement could be observed in the ARIMAX-based GPC that could justify the increased complexity of modeling the plant and designing the controller for the colored noise case.
{"title":"Generalized Predictive Control: ARIX vs. ARIMAX-Based Designs for a Floating Spacecraft Emulator Using a Quadcopter","authors":"Antonio Silveira;Marco Sagliano;Rodrigo Trentini;David Seelbinder;Stephan Theil","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481393","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) is revisited in order to assess a novel design procedure that avoids the Diophantine equations to simplify the GPC design in the colored noise case. The proposed method is investigated in a simulated case study of a double-integrator system to emulate a floating spacecraft simulator in a ludic and motivational form. Such emulation is proposed by combining a network-controlled quadcopter and a set of computer-based control algorithms to impose the double-integrator dynamics being representative of the behavior of the aerial system. The GPC design based on auto-regressive integrated moving average with exogenous inputs (ARIMAX) is compared to the more common ARIX-based design, assuming the presence of colored noise disturbances. These designs were also compared to the Linear Quadratic Gaussian method to establish a baseline result with a well-known control technology. The ARIMAX models obtained for the quadcopter were estimated using least-squares methods based on registered flight data. The amplitude spectrum of the estimated colored noise disturbances was analyzed to justify the feasibility of the study between the considered GPC designs. The main finding of this study was that no enhancement could be observed in the ARIMAX-based GPC that could justify the increased complexity of modeling the plant and designing the controller for the colored noise case.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"784-801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance the efficiency of renewable energy and achieve low-carbon operations in energy systems, optimizing the capacity configuration of the Integrated Energy Production Unit (IEPU) and designing a sustainable economic operation strategy is essential. Referring to the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER)quota mechanism, this paper proposed a comprehensive configuration design for a ladder-type carbon trading model, incorporating CCER quotas and reward and punishment synergistic effects during the trading process. The optimized ladder-type carbon trading model is proposed by sharing a portion of the laddered carbon trading volume in CCER quotas. An optimal full life-cycle cost model is also introduced to better reflect the impact of different source device configurations on carbon emissions. Furthermore, a method for optimizing CCER carbon trading quotas and capacity configuration to identify the most sensitive segment of the ladder-type carbon trading parameters is presented to balance system economics and renewable energy consumption rates. The effectiveness of the proposed capacity configuration strategy is validated and compared by analyzing various scenarios.
{"title":"Capacity Configuration in Integrated Energy Production Unit Considering Ladder-Type Carbon Trading Under CCER Quota","authors":"Qi Li;Muyao He;Xiaotian Tang;Wei-Jen Lee;Zhenyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481188","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the efficiency of renewable energy and achieve low-carbon operations in energy systems, optimizing the capacity configuration of the Integrated Energy Production Unit (IEPU) and designing a sustainable economic operation strategy is essential. Referring to the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER)quota mechanism, this paper proposed a comprehensive configuration design for a ladder-type carbon trading model, incorporating CCER quotas and reward and punishment synergistic effects during the trading process. The optimized ladder-type carbon trading model is proposed by sharing a portion of the laddered carbon trading volume in CCER quotas. An optimal full life-cycle cost model is also introduced to better reflect the impact of different source device configurations on carbon emissions. Furthermore, a method for optimizing CCER carbon trading quotas and capacity configuration to identify the most sensitive segment of the ladder-type carbon trading parameters is presented to balance system economics and renewable energy consumption rates. The effectiveness of the proposed capacity configuration strategy is validated and compared by analyzing various scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"884-894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481214
Abdullahi Bamigbade;Francisco de León
This article presents a vector current control (VCC) method for distributed energy resources (DERs) to achieve secure control and enhanced power quality under distorted and unbalanced grid conditions. We consider the impact of voltage distortion and unbalance on DER control and the role of phase-locked loop (PLL) when employing the dual second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI) approach to achieve high quality positive sequence voltage extraction under distorted and unbalanced conditions. Revealing the vulnerability of DSOGI PLL to adversarial parameter manipulation attack, we propose a delayed DSOGI voltage-modulated VCC (VM-VCC) scheme for DERs to mitigate the effect of distorted and unbalanced voltage on current injection by the DER. We further analyze the vulnerability of the delayed DSOGI and employ the concept of digital twin to achieve secure DER contol. Additionally, we present the implementation of the proposed delayed DSOGI-based VM-VCC for achieving balanced DER current injection during voltage unbalance. Comparative performance analysis conducted between the proposed approach and its DSOGI PLL counterpart demonstrates that, in addition to providing enhanced estimation, the proposed approach ensures robust and secure DER control performances.
{"title":"Secure Voltage-Modulated Vector Current Control of Distributed Energy Resources Using Delayed DSOGI Under Distorted and Unbalanced Grid Conditions","authors":"Abdullahi Bamigbade;Francisco de León","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481214","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a vector current control (VCC) method for distributed energy resources (DERs) to achieve secure control and enhanced power quality under distorted and unbalanced grid conditions. We consider the impact of voltage distortion and unbalance on DER control and the role of phase-locked loop (PLL) when employing the dual second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI) approach to achieve high quality positive sequence voltage extraction under distorted and unbalanced conditions. Revealing the vulnerability of DSOGI PLL to adversarial parameter manipulation attack, we propose a delayed DSOGI voltage-modulated VCC (VM-VCC) scheme for DERs to mitigate the effect of distorted and unbalanced voltage on current injection by the DER. We further analyze the vulnerability of the delayed DSOGI and employ the concept of digital twin to achieve secure DER contol. Additionally, we present the implementation of the proposed delayed DSOGI-based VM-VCC for achieving balanced DER current injection during voltage unbalance. Comparative performance analysis conducted between the proposed approach and its DSOGI PLL counterpart demonstrates that, in addition to providing enhanced estimation, the proposed approach ensures robust and secure DER control performances.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1091-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper firstly investigates unipolar end leakage flux of consequent pole (CP) permanent magnet machines (PMMs) with different slot-pole number combinations and winding configurations. It shows that unipolar end leakage flux, mainly due to CP rotor, is affected by slot-pole number combinations, while the armature reaction has negligible effect on the amplitude of end leakage. The unipolar end leakage flux decreases with the increase of rotor pole number for the analyzed fractional slot concentrated winding CP PMMs but increases when the rotor pole number further increases for overlapping winding vernier machines. Secondly, the influence of critical design parameters on end leakage and average torque of CP PMMs is investigated, and the results show that the end leakage exhibits significant sensitivity to shaft diameter and PM pole arc. Thirdly, a simple and effective non-magnetic rotor structure, either a non-magnetic shaft or a non-magnetic shaft together with a non-magnetic ring inside the rotor core, is proposed for the first time to reduce the unipolar end leakage flux without sacrificing the torque capability. The non-magnetic shaft alone can reduce approximately 90% of end leakage flux, while the non-magnetic ring alone can reduce approximately 40%. Additionally, 95% of end leakage flux can be reduced when combining a non-magnetic ring with a non-magnetic shaft (which could be integrated into a single shaft) compared with the conventional rotor with a magnetic shaft. Considering the manufacturing complexity, a non-magnetic shaft alone is highly recommended. The analyses have been validated by experiments on prototyping CP machines with different slot-pole number combinations, magnetic/non-magnetic shafts, and conventional/composite rotors.
{"title":"Analysis and Reduction of Unipolar End Leakage Flux in Consequent-Pole PM Machines","authors":"Yinzhao Zheng;Z. Q. Zhu;Dawei Liang;Hai Xu;Yanjian Zhou;Hailong Liu;Liang Chen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481189","url":null,"abstract":"This paper firstly investigates unipolar end leakage flux of consequent pole (CP) permanent magnet machines (PMMs) with different slot-pole number combinations and winding configurations. It shows that unipolar end leakage flux, mainly due to CP rotor, is affected by slot-pole number combinations, while the armature reaction has negligible effect on the amplitude of end leakage. The unipolar end leakage flux decreases with the increase of rotor pole number for the analyzed fractional slot concentrated winding CP PMMs but increases when the rotor pole number further increases for overlapping winding vernier machines. Secondly, the influence of critical design parameters on end leakage and average torque of CP PMMs is investigated, and the results show that the end leakage exhibits significant sensitivity to shaft diameter and PM pole arc. Thirdly, a simple and effective non-magnetic rotor structure, either a non-magnetic shaft or a non-magnetic shaft together with a non-magnetic ring inside the rotor core, is proposed for the first time to reduce the unipolar end leakage flux without sacrificing the torque capability. The non-magnetic shaft alone can reduce approximately 90% of end leakage flux, while the non-magnetic ring alone can reduce approximately 40%. Additionally, 95% of end leakage flux can be reduced when combining a non-magnetic ring with a non-magnetic shaft (which could be integrated into a single shaft) compared with the conventional rotor with a magnetic shaft. Considering the manufacturing complexity, a non-magnetic shaft alone is highly recommended. The analyses have been validated by experiments on prototyping CP machines with different slot-pole number combinations, magnetic/non-magnetic shafts, and conventional/composite rotors.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"196-208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481203
Rituvic Pandey;Nishant Kumar
This study incorporates an Advanced Third Order Generalised Integrator (ATOGI) based control technique for microgrid-assisted electric vehicle charging systems. Here, a grid-connected solar photovoltaic energy conversion system uses a current-inflected direct power control (CIDPC) for a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) to dynamically adjust the active and reactive powers provided into a weak grid. The main goal of the control is to retrieve the fundamental component from the deformed grid circumstances and feed it back into the grid at unity power factor (UPF) under normal circumstances. In addition to transferring perpetual power to the grid side, the control fulfils the demands dynamics of the non-linear load and the electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The control mechanism may also contribute to maintaining of the voltage characteristic by adjusting the phase voltage via the infusion of reactive power and implementing a ride-through technique. Throughout all of these procedures, there is no compromise made in terms of the power quality of the system. In the face of challenging grid circumstances, the technique's effectiveness is shown via experimentation using hardware in loop platform. In each of these cases, the harmonics are within acceptable ranges as per IEEE standard-519.
{"title":"Enhanced Power Quality Control in Microgrid-Assisted Electric Vehicle Charging Systems Using ATOGI and CIDPC","authors":"Rituvic Pandey;Nishant Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481203","url":null,"abstract":"This study incorporates an Advanced Third Order Generalised Integrator (ATOGI) based control technique for microgrid-assisted electric vehicle charging systems. Here, a grid-connected solar photovoltaic energy conversion system uses a current-inflected direct power control (CIDPC) for a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) to dynamically adjust the active and reactive powers provided into a weak grid. The main goal of the control is to retrieve the fundamental component from the deformed grid circumstances and feed it back into the grid at unity power factor (UPF) under normal circumstances. In addition to transferring perpetual power to the grid side, the control fulfils the demands dynamics of the non-linear load and the electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The control mechanism may also contribute to maintaining of the voltage characteristic by adjusting the phase voltage via the infusion of reactive power and implementing a ride-through technique. Throughout all of these procedures, there is no compromise made in terms of the power quality of the system. In the face of challenging grid circumstances, the technique's effectiveness is shown via experimentation using hardware in loop platform. In each of these cases, the harmonics are within acceptable ranges as per IEEE standard-519.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"676-685"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481209
Giuseppe Parise;Pietro Antonio Scarpino
The IEEE1584-2018 guide is the universally recognized method to evaluate the arc-flash phenomenon. Previous works introduced the Parise model, a simplified approach that outlines the behavior of the arcing fault current as an extension of the bolted fault analysis highlighting that in a.c. a necessary parameter is the power factor PF of the bolted short-circuit. This method considers values in p.u. of the currents normalized in relation to the bolted short-circuit value. In this way it allows to compile a complete map of the arc fault current ik in p.u. assuming as known a value of the characteristic arc current iarc in p.u. and considering the values of PF variable in the complete theoretical range from 1 to 0. Then, it is generalized as it allows analyzing the behaviors of active powers of the complete circuit, only based on the normalized parameters ik, iarc and on the PFs. Adopting this approach, it is possible to calculate the arc resistance in a deductive manner knowing the arc fault current calculated in compliance to the IEEE Guide and the bolted short-circuit current. In order to evaluate the incidence of the power factor on the values of the arc current and so on the arc resistance, this model allows to calculate the prospected entities of variations considering assigned range of PF in relation to the bolted short-circuit PF.
{"title":"Generalized Model for Analyzing the ARC Fault Currents in A.C. &D.C.","authors":"Giuseppe Parise;Pietro Antonio Scarpino","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481209","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE1584-2018 guide is the universally recognized method to evaluate the arc-flash phenomenon. Previous works introduced the Parise model, a simplified approach that outlines the behavior of the arcing fault current as an extension of the bolted fault analysis highlighting that in a.c. a necessary parameter is the power factor PF of the bolted short-circuit. This method considers values in p.u. of the currents normalized in relation to the bolted short-circuit value. In this way it allows to compile a complete map of the arc fault current i<sub>k</sub> in p.u. assuming as known a value of the characteristic arc current i<sub>arc</sub> in p.u. and considering the values of PF variable in the complete theoretical range from 1 to 0. Then, it is generalized as it allows analyzing the behaviors of active powers of the complete circuit, only based on the normalized parameters i<sub>k</sub>, i<sub>arc</sub> and on the PFs. Adopting this approach, it is possible to calculate the arc resistance in a deductive manner knowing the arc fault current calculated in compliance to the IEEE Guide and the bolted short-circuit current. In order to evaluate the incidence of the power factor on the values of the arc current and so on the arc resistance, this model allows to calculate the prospected entities of variations considering assigned range of PF in relation to the bolted short-circuit PF.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1113-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：