Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3600207
Henk de Swardt
Premium efficiency motors are a cornerstone of modern industrial energy management, offering significant reductions in electricity consumption and carbon emissions. However, maintaining or improving their efficiency during repairs remains a critical challenge. This paper presents practical case studies illustrating how targeted repair strategies—including stator winding redesigns, rotor upgrades, and core damage repairs—can enhance the efficiency of premium efficiency motors. The findings reveal the potential for performance gains through advanced repair methodologies while emphasizing the risks associated with material substitutions and poorly executed repairs. By bridging theoretical principles with field data, this work provides actionable insights for maintaining the high-performance standards required in industrial settings.
{"title":"Increasing the Efficiency of Premium Efficiency Motors: Practical Case Studies","authors":"Henk de Swardt","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3600207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3600207","url":null,"abstract":"Premium efficiency motors are a cornerstone of modern industrial energy management, offering significant reductions in electricity consumption and carbon emissions. However, maintaining or improving their efficiency during repairs remains a critical challenge. This paper presents practical case studies illustrating how targeted repair strategies—including stator winding redesigns, rotor upgrades, and core damage repairs—can enhance the efficiency of premium efficiency motors. The findings reveal the potential for performance gains through advanced repair methodologies while emphasizing the risks associated with material substitutions and poorly executed repairs. By bridging theoretical principles with field data, this work provides actionable insights for maintaining the high-performance standards required in industrial settings.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 2","pages":"2502-2509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3599461
Sergey M. Korobeynikov;Aleksandr V. Ridel;Vladimir E. Shevchenko;Alexandr L. Bychkov;Natalia S. Ridel
The breakdown voltage of transformer oil containing nanoadditives — carbon nanotubes or titanium dioxide — has been experimentally determined. The breakdown voltage of nanooil based on carbon nanotubes turned out to be significantly lower than that of pure oil. At low concentrations, the breakdown voltage values approximately correspond to those of pure liquid, but with increasing concentration, the it drops catastrophically. It has been shown that the technology of nanofluid preparation greatly affects its breakdown voltage. A different result was obtained for the case of TiO2 nanoparticles with additives of surfactants (oleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate). It has been confirmed that the breakdown voltage of nanooil increases by 20–30% with increasing nanoadditives, but with an increase in concentration above 0.4 g/L, it begins to drop to values below the strength of the base liquid. Measurements of the electrical conductivity of nanofluids show that the specific resistance of oil with nanotubes decreases with increasing concentration, while that of oil with titanium dioxide increases. This allows the use of nanooil in industry not only for heat-dissipating devices, but also for high-voltage devices.
{"title":"Electrophysical Properties of Nanooil Under Different Preparation Conditions","authors":"Sergey M. Korobeynikov;Aleksandr V. Ridel;Vladimir E. Shevchenko;Alexandr L. Bychkov;Natalia S. Ridel","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3599461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3599461","url":null,"abstract":"The breakdown voltage of transformer oil containing nanoadditives — carbon nanotubes or titanium dioxide — has been experimentally determined. The breakdown voltage of nanooil based on carbon nanotubes turned out to be significantly lower than that of pure oil. At low concentrations, the breakdown voltage values approximately correspond to those of pure liquid, but with increasing concentration, the it drops catastrophically. It has been shown that the technology of nanofluid preparation greatly affects its breakdown voltage. A different result was obtained for the case of TiO2 nanoparticles with additives of surfactants (oleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate). It has been confirmed that the breakdown voltage of nanooil increases by 20–30% with increasing nanoadditives, but with an increase in concentration above 0.4 g/L, it begins to drop to values below the strength of the base liquid. Measurements of the electrical conductivity of nanofluids show that the specific resistance of oil with nanotubes decreases with increasing concentration, while that of oil with titanium dioxide increases. This allows the use of nanooil in industry not only for heat-dissipating devices, but also for high-voltage devices.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"701-708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lightning-induced overvoltage (LIV) observed on a test overhead distribution line system located in a newly built rocket-triggered lightning experiment site in Zhanjiang (China) is studied. Twenty-four natural lightning return-stroke events were recorded during two consecutive thunderstorms. Two waveform types were initially classified based on whether the initial slow-evolving negative peak occurs before the first positive peak, which is considered a response to the lightning leader development process. The LIVs have an amplitude of the first-positive peak from 124.9 V to 1397.1 V and a 10-90% rise time from 117.2 μs to 991.2 μs. The rise time and the half-peak-width time of the initial negative peak are several times longer than that of the first positive peak, while the amplitude is much smaller. The typical characteristics of the recorded LIV pulses are largely consistent with those of the classical rocket-triggered lightning or nearby natural lightning observations, while there is a significant difference in the rise time and amplitude of the first positive peak. With a comprehensive comparison with computational simulations for scene reproduction and linear coefficient fitting analysis of our previous experimental observations, the slower rising edge is found to be related to the high-frequency characteristics of the discharge velocity of the lightning channel, as well as the lightning electromagnetic radiation propagation, the novel line-terminal configuration first adopted in this study and the LIV sensor response. The study provides an important guide for research and practical techniques of lightning strike monitoring, localization, and pulse identification in real operation, inspiring the comprehensive explanation of multiple influences to improve the plausibility of the engineering LIV database.
{"title":"Observed Induced Overvoltage on the Test Overhead Distribution Line Initiated by Natural Lightning Activities","authors":"Jinxin Cao;Jianguo Wang;Changfeng Xu;Li Cai;Mi Zhou;Wangxiang Chu;Chuge Zhu;Yadong Fan;Weihan Zhao;Chakhung Yeung","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3599466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3599466","url":null,"abstract":"The lightning-induced overvoltage (LIV) observed on a test overhead distribution line system located in a newly built rocket-triggered lightning experiment site in Zhanjiang (China) is studied. Twenty-four natural lightning return-stroke events were recorded during two consecutive thunderstorms. Two waveform types were initially classified based on whether the initial slow-evolving negative peak occurs before the first positive peak, which is considered a response to the lightning leader development process. The LIVs have an amplitude of the first-positive peak from 124.9 V to 1397.1 V and a 10-90% rise time from 117.2 μs to 991.2 μs. The rise time and the half-peak-width time of the initial negative peak are several times longer than that of the first positive peak, while the amplitude is much smaller. The typical characteristics of the recorded LIV pulses are largely consistent with those of the classical rocket-triggered lightning or nearby natural lightning observations, while there is a significant difference in the rise time and amplitude of the first positive peak. With a comprehensive comparison with computational simulations for scene reproduction and linear coefficient fitting analysis of our previous experimental observations, the slower rising edge is found to be related to the high-frequency characteristics of the discharge velocity of the lightning channel, as well as the lightning electromagnetic radiation propagation, the novel line-terminal configuration first adopted in this study and the LIV sensor response. The study provides an important guide for research and practical techniques of lightning strike monitoring, localization, and pulse identification in real operation, inspiring the comprehensive explanation of multiple influences to improve the plausibility of the engineering LIV database.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"665-676"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3590675
Guorui Xu;Hongjin Guo;Xiaofei Zhou;Yihang Jia;Weifu Lu;Shanying Li
AC-Excited Generator-Motors (ACEGMs) have wide regulation range and high steady-state stability, thereby it is widely used in the variable speed pumped storage power station. However, the power regulation capability of the ACEGM can be restricted by the heat transfer and the rotor converter voltage. In this paper, the power regulation range of the ACEGM is derived under the constraints of the stator and rotor temperatures and the rotor converter voltage. In order to obtain the power regulation capability of the ACEGM, the stator and rotor losses and temperatures are calculated by the electromagnetic-thermal coupling model. The variation laws of the stator and rotor highest temperatures along with the increase of the active and reactive powers are revealed. The power regulation range of the ACEGM affected by the stator and rotor maximum permissible temperatures are obtained. Moreover, the influence of the rotor converter voltage on the power regulation range is studied. It is obtained that the power regulation range can be reduced along with the increase of the slip. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for enhancing the power regulation capability of the ACEGM.
{"title":"Power Regulation Capability and Limiting Factors of AC-Excited Generator-Motor","authors":"Guorui Xu;Hongjin Guo;Xiaofei Zhou;Yihang Jia;Weifu Lu;Shanying Li","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3590675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3590675","url":null,"abstract":"AC-Excited Generator-Motors (ACEGMs) have wide regulation range and high steady-state stability, thereby it is widely used in the variable speed pumped storage power station. However, the power regulation capability of the ACEGM can be restricted by the heat transfer and the rotor converter voltage. In this paper, the power regulation range of the ACEGM is derived under the constraints of the stator and rotor temperatures and the rotor converter voltage. In order to obtain the power regulation capability of the ACEGM, the stator and rotor losses and temperatures are calculated by the electromagnetic-thermal coupling model. The variation laws of the stator and rotor highest temperatures along with the increase of the active and reactive powers are revealed. The power regulation range of the ACEGM affected by the stator and rotor maximum permissible temperatures are obtained. Moreover, the influence of the rotor converter voltage on the power regulation range is studied. It is obtained that the power regulation range can be reduced along with the increase of the slip. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for enhancing the power regulation capability of the ACEGM.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"755-764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to use Pockels effect-based electro-optic (EO) sensor to characterize corona and dielectric barrier discharges (DBD). In the realm of electrical engineering, partial discharges (PD) pose significant risks due to their potential to accelerate insulation aging in high-voltage systems, necessitating ongoing advancements in detection and monitoring techniques. This study hones in on the distinctive attributes of EO sensors, including their wide bandwidth, minimal perturbation, high spatial resolution, and fully dielectric properties, which enable accurate electric field measurements in close proximity to discharge locations. The paper highlights the advantages of EO sensors over traditional methods, such as high-frequency current transformers (HFCTs), by comparing their performance in various discharge configurations and types. The EO sensors’ capability to capture vectorial electric field variations and perform continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis is also explored, offering a more nuanced understanding of discharge properties. The findings reveal that the EO sensors can be used efficiently for PD characterization. The characteristics of the recorded signals are discharge-type dependent, making EO sensors particularly valuable for fault detection and diagnosis in insulation systems. Moreover, this research underscores the potential for EO sensors to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of PD detection, contributing to improved maintenance strategies and the overall reliability of high-voltage power equipment.
{"title":"Characterization of Corona and Dielectric Barrier Discharge Using Pockels Effect Based Electro-Optic Probe","authors":"Sneha Satish Hegde;Ayyoub Zouaghi;Gwenaël Gaborit;Christian Vollaire;Lionel Duvillaret","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3590676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3590676","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to use Pockels effect-based electro-optic (EO) sensor to characterize corona and dielectric barrier discharges (DBD). In the realm of electrical engineering, partial discharges (PD) pose significant risks due to their potential to accelerate insulation aging in high-voltage systems, necessitating ongoing advancements in detection and monitoring techniques. This study hones in on the distinctive attributes of EO sensors, including their wide bandwidth, minimal perturbation, high spatial resolution, and fully dielectric properties, which enable accurate electric field measurements in close proximity to discharge locations. The paper highlights the advantages of EO sensors over traditional methods, such as high-frequency current transformers (HFCTs), by comparing their performance in various discharge configurations and types. The EO sensors’ capability to capture vectorial electric field variations and perform continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis is also explored, offering a more nuanced understanding of discharge properties. The findings reveal that the EO sensors can be used efficiently for PD characterization. The characteristics of the recorded signals are discharge-type dependent, making EO sensors particularly valuable for fault detection and diagnosis in insulation systems. Moreover, this research underscores the potential for EO sensors to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of PD detection, contributing to improved maintenance strategies and the overall reliability of high-voltage power equipment.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"709-715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3587220
Sarvesh A. Wakode;Makarand S. Ballal;Shivpal R. Verma
This paper addresses the accurate fault detection and localization in DC microgrids, specifically addressing the high impedance faults (HIFs). These faults, characterized by their low current magnitudes, pose difficulties in distinguishing fault conditions from normal operations, especially in the presence of sensor errors. This paper employs two methodologies for fault detection and localization. Firstly, it utilizes the Forward Error Compensation to identify high impedance series and shunt faults. To locate the high impedance shunt faults it harnesses system transient occurrences. Notably, the method stands out for its capability to locate HIFs without the need of injection devices or extensive data analysis. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-time implementation is carried out on the LabVIEW platform. Testing encompasses various fault types at different locations, considering diverse topologies of the DC microgrid.
{"title":"Locating High Impedance Faults in DC Microgrid by Forward Error Compensation","authors":"Sarvesh A. Wakode;Makarand S. Ballal;Shivpal R. Verma","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3587220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3587220","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the accurate fault detection and localization in DC microgrids, specifically addressing the high impedance faults (HIFs). These faults, characterized by their low current magnitudes, pose difficulties in distinguishing fault conditions from normal operations, especially in the presence of sensor errors. This paper employs two methodologies for fault detection and localization. Firstly, it utilizes the Forward Error Compensation to identify high impedance series and shunt faults. To locate the high impedance shunt faults it harnesses system transient occurrences. Notably, the method stands out for its capability to locate HIFs without the need of injection devices or extensive data analysis. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-time implementation is carried out on the LabVIEW platform. Testing encompasses various fault types at different locations, considering diverse topologies of the DC microgrid.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"653-664"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma-chemical hybrid exhaust gas treatment technology is a combined method of plasma and chemical processes. It is expected to be an exhaust gas treatment technology that is difficult to adapt to existing catalyst methods for NOx treatment. It is necessary to efficiently oxidize NO with ozone by forming a local cooling region with water spray to adjust high-temperature exhaust gas in the plasma processes. As a practical application of the plasma-chemical hybrid process (PCHP) for the treatment of glass-melting furnace exhaust gas, this study reports an efficient oxidation method for NO using simulation and experimental results. In particular, the ozone injection amount is set to 11 kg/h, which is the operating condition of the actual plant, and the nozzle spray angle is changed to simulate improved NO oxidation conditions. The results of temperature distribution and NO oxidation efficiency are compared with the experimental results. The results show good agreement for temperature and NO oxidation efficiency in both experimental and simulation results, with NO oxidation efficiency increasing with the flow rate of ozone cooling water. At the highest flow rate of 19800 m3/h, the experimental and simulation results are 70% and 67%, respectively. Although the local cooling region decreases as the gas flow rate increases, the NO oxidation efficiency increases because the mass of NO is sufficiently large to be efficiently oxidized by ozone.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Plasma-Chemical Hybrid Process for Emission Control of Fossil-Fuel Fired Glass Melting Furnace","authors":"Haruhiko Yamasaki;Ryosuke Kinoshita;Tomoyuki Kuroki;Hashira Yamamoto;Masaaki Okubo","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3587189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3587189","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma-chemical hybrid exhaust gas treatment technology is a combined method of plasma and chemical processes. It is expected to be an exhaust gas treatment technology that is difficult to adapt to existing catalyst methods for NO<sub>x</sub> treatment. It is necessary to efficiently oxidize NO with ozone by forming a local cooling region with water spray to adjust high-temperature exhaust gas in the plasma processes. As a practical application of the plasma-chemical hybrid process (PCHP) for the treatment of glass-melting furnace exhaust gas, this study reports an efficient oxidation method for NO using simulation and experimental results. In particular, the ozone injection amount is set to 11 kg/h, which is the operating condition of the actual plant, and the nozzle spray angle is changed to simulate improved NO oxidation conditions. The results of temperature distribution and NO oxidation efficiency are compared with the experimental results. The results show good agreement for temperature and NO oxidation efficiency in both experimental and simulation results, with NO oxidation efficiency increasing with the flow rate of ozone cooling water. At the highest flow rate of 19800 m<sup>3</sup>/h, the experimental and simulation results are 70% and 67%, respectively. Although the local cooling region decreases as the gas flow rate increases, the NO oxidation efficiency increases because the mass of NO is sufficiently large to be efficiently oxidized by ozone.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"684-692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3587183
S. A. Saleh;E. W. Zundel;J. Meng;G. Young-Morris;E. F. S. Hill;S. Brown
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are quasi-dc currents that are formed due to geo-magnetic disturbance events. Such quasi-dc currents flow from the ground to power systems, and complete their path through grounded equipment, including $3phi$ auto-transformers. The flow of a GIC through a $3phi$ auto-transformer can lead to a significant harmonic distortion, a large increase in reactive power demands, and/or a large increase copper losses. The severity of GIC flow impacts on a $3phi$ auto-transformer can be dependent on the core design, winding configuration, grounding circuit, and GIC current. This paper discusses possible contributions of loading levels to GIC impacts on a $3phi$ auto-transformer. These possible contributions are analyzed through experimental tests carried out using a laboratory $3phi$, multi-core auto-transformer. Experimental tests are conducted for various GIC flows, where the loading level is varied. Test results conclude that the loading level of a $3phi$ auto-transformer has minor effects on the levels of harmonic distortion caused by the flow of a GIC.
{"title":"Effects of the Loading Level on the Harmonic Distortion Caused by GIC Flows Through $3phi$ Auto-Transformers","authors":"S. A. Saleh;E. W. Zundel;J. Meng;G. Young-Morris;E. F. S. Hill;S. Brown","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3587183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3587183","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are quasi-dc currents that are formed due to geo-magnetic disturbance events. Such quasi-dc currents flow from the ground to power systems, and complete their path through grounded equipment, including <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula> auto-transformers. The flow of a GIC through a <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula> auto-transformer can lead to a significant harmonic distortion, a large increase in reactive power demands, and/or a large increase copper losses. The severity of GIC flow impacts on a <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula> auto-transformer can be dependent on the core design, winding configuration, grounding circuit, and GIC current. This paper discusses possible contributions of loading levels to GIC impacts on a <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula> auto-transformer. These possible contributions are analyzed through experimental tests carried out using a laboratory <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula>, multi-core auto-transformer. Experimental tests are conducted for various GIC flows, where the loading level is varied. Test results conclude that the loading level of a <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula> auto-transformer has minor effects on the levels of harmonic distortion caused by the flow of a GIC.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"641-652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3586244
Patrick J. Palanas;Xianfei Xie;Xiaozhe Li;Wenhao Chen;Xi Chen;Donghui Zhang;Kexun Yu
The AC-excitation Synchronous Condenser (AC SynCon), which combines the advantages of doubly-fed machines and flywheel energy storage, has recently attracted attention as a solution to provide both frequency and voltage support to weak grids. The deployment of emerging grid-forming control strategies allows the AC SynCon to provide a swift reactive power response and a strong inertia support comparable to conventional SynCon. Nevertheless, the active power instability risk associated with the AC SynCon in conjunction with a conventional overcurrent protection may potentially degrade the performance of the AC SynCon during significant grid disturbances. This paper presents a virtual synchronous condenser (VSC) excitation scheme for the AC SynCon and addresses the aforementioned instability mechanism. By introducing Virtual Power Angle (VPA) limitation, the proposed excitation scheme enables the AC SynCon to provide enhanced transient inertia support and avoids the instability risk. Furthermore, a discussion of the combined effect of reactive power support and the proposed method, as well as a detailed calculation of the VPA limitation under different grid conditions, is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through case studies conducted on the MATLAB simulation platform, with further support provided by experimental results on a 5.5 kVA prototype. The results demonstrate that with the proposed control method, the AC SynCon could provide a strong and stable inertia support during grid frequency drop occasions.
{"title":"Virtual Synchronous Condenser Excitation Scheme Based on Power Angle Limitation for Enhancing Transient Inertia Support Capability","authors":"Patrick J. Palanas;Xianfei Xie;Xiaozhe Li;Wenhao Chen;Xi Chen;Donghui Zhang;Kexun Yu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3586244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3586244","url":null,"abstract":"The AC-excitation Synchronous Condenser (AC SynCon), which combines the advantages of doubly-fed machines and flywheel energy storage, has recently attracted attention as a solution to provide both frequency and voltage support to weak grids. The deployment of emerging grid-forming control strategies allows the AC SynCon to provide a swift reactive power response and a strong inertia support comparable to conventional SynCon. Nevertheless, the active power instability risk associated with the AC SynCon in conjunction with a conventional overcurrent protection may potentially degrade the performance of the AC SynCon during significant grid disturbances. This paper presents a virtual synchronous condenser (VSC) excitation scheme for the AC SynCon and addresses the aforementioned instability mechanism. By introducing Virtual Power Angle (VPA) limitation, the proposed excitation scheme enables the AC SynCon to provide enhanced transient inertia support and avoids the instability risk. Furthermore, a discussion of the combined effect of reactive power support and the proposed method, as well as a detailed calculation of the VPA limitation under different grid conditions, is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through case studies conducted on the MATLAB simulation platform, with further support provided by experimental results on a 5.5 kVA prototype. The results demonstrate that with the proposed control method, the AC SynCon could provide a strong and stable inertia support during grid frequency drop occasions.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"628-640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into transportation systems to enable real-time data collection and analysis helps to achieve increased efficiency and enhanced user experience. However, the IoT network faces significant cybersecurity challenges, especially with the advent of quantum computing, which poses a serious threat to classical security schemes. This paper proposes an authentication protocol for IoT-based transportation systems using CRYSTALS-Kyber, a lattice-based Post-Quantum Key Encapsulation Mechanism (PQKEM), and Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) together with lightweight cryptographic operations. In contrast to the existing literature, the proposed protocol is lightweight and provides protection against conventional and quantum attacks while adhering to standards and ensuring interoperability with future systems. We provide a formal security proof of the proposed protocol using the Real-Or-Random (RoR) model and analyze its security under the Canetti–Krawczyk (CK) adversary model. The performance analysis shows that the protocol offers strong security and scalability with minimal computational overhead compared to existing schemes. Additionally, we assess the performance of the proposed protocol through simulations conducted with the NS3 simulator.
{"title":"Quantum-Safe Authentication Protocol for IoT-Enabled Transportation Systems","authors":"Rohini Poolat Parameswarath;Chao Wang;Biplab Sikdar","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3585861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3585861","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into transportation systems to enable real-time data collection and analysis helps to achieve increased efficiency and enhanced user experience. However, the IoT network faces significant cybersecurity challenges, especially with the advent of quantum computing, which poses a serious threat to classical security schemes. This paper proposes an authentication protocol for IoT-based transportation systems using CRYSTALS-Kyber, a lattice-based Post-Quantum Key Encapsulation Mechanism (PQKEM), and Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) together with lightweight cryptographic operations. In contrast to the existing literature, the proposed protocol is lightweight and provides protection against conventional and quantum attacks while adhering to standards and ensuring interoperability with future systems. We provide a formal security proof of the proposed protocol using the Real-Or-Random (RoR) model and analyze its security under the Canetti–Krawczyk (CK) adversary model. The performance analysis shows that the protocol offers strong security and scalability with minimal computational overhead compared to existing schemes. Additionally, we assess the performance of the proposed protocol through simulations conducted with the NS3 simulator.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"729-741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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