Modern power distribution networks (DN) incorporate inverter-based renewable distributed energy resources (RDERs). The penetration of RDERs in the DN requires centralized Volt/VAr Optimization (VVO) in distribution management systems, which has become critical for the optimal and stable operation of the network. So, utilities are increasingly adopting closed-loop centralized VVO techniques as an integral part of their distribution network operations to maintain consistent service quality for customers while also achieving operational improvements (i.e., reduced voltage fluctuation and minimized network loss). This article proposes a VVO-based centralized closed-loop voltage management co-simulation methodology that uses a second-order conic programming (SOCP) based optimization (OPF) model and a real-time Opal-RT simulator. The proposed methodology is analyzed in Opal-RT with an IEEE 123-bus distribution test case for balanced (single-phase equivalent) and unbalanced (multi-phase equivalent) cases. The impact of RDERs on the grid is analyzed using real PV profiles from different weather conditions. The analysis shows a significant improvement in the network voltage profile for the test cases with the proposed model.
{"title":"A Novel Voltage Optimization Co-Simulation Framework for Electrical Distribution System With High Penetration of Renewables","authors":"Md Mahmud-Ul-Tarik Chowdhury;Md Shamim Hasan;Sukumar Kamalasadan","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481202","url":null,"abstract":"Modern power distribution networks (DN) incorporate inverter-based renewable distributed energy resources (RDERs). The penetration of RDERs in the DN requires centralized Volt/VAr Optimization (VVO) in distribution management systems, which has become critical for the optimal and stable operation of the network. So, utilities are increasingly adopting closed-loop centralized VVO techniques as an integral part of their distribution network operations to maintain consistent service quality for customers while also achieving operational improvements (i.e., reduced voltage fluctuation and minimized network loss). This article proposes a VVO-based centralized closed-loop voltage management co-simulation methodology that uses a second-order conic programming (SOCP) based optimization (OPF) model and a real-time Opal-RT simulator. The proposed methodology is analyzed in Opal-RT with an IEEE 123-bus distribution test case for balanced (single-phase equivalent) and unbalanced (multi-phase equivalent) cases. The impact of RDERs on the grid is analyzed using real PV profiles from different weather conditions. The analysis shows a significant improvement in the network voltage profile for the test cases with the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1080-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As technology advances and the utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) increases, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has become a noteworthy strategy in the local energy market. This work introduces an integrated transactive energy market with the active participation of distributed generations (DGs) and distribution system operator (DSO) and facilitates P2P energy trading models for flexible loads and RES equipped buildings. A distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) and modified Nash bargaining solution strategy are employed to ensure fair distribution of economic benefits. Equilibrium strategies for all participants are achieved through a decentralized approach that preserves their privacy. For each group of buildings, a virtual community (VC), a shareable battery energy storage is integrated, and uncertainties concerning RESs are addressed using Hong's 2m point estimation method. This paper also proposes an algorithm for real-time execution to ensure the maintenance of network constraints and energy balance based on day-ahead market commitments and RES deviations. A real-time digital simulator (RTDS) is used to validate the energy sharing.
{"title":"Two-Tier Peer-to-Peer Transactive Energy Market","authors":"Monika Mishra;Amit Singh;Rakesh Kumar Misra;Devender Singh","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481207","url":null,"abstract":"As technology advances and the utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) increases, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has become a noteworthy strategy in the local energy market. This work introduces an integrated transactive energy market with the active participation of distributed generations (DGs) and distribution system operator (DSO) and facilitates P2P energy trading models for flexible loads and RES equipped buildings. A distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) and modified Nash bargaining solution strategy are employed to ensure fair distribution of economic benefits. Equilibrium strategies for all participants are achieved through a decentralized approach that preserves their privacy. For each group of buildings, a virtual community (VC), a shareable battery energy storage is integrated, and uncertainties concerning RESs are addressed using Hong's 2m point estimation method. This paper also proposes an algorithm for real-time execution to ensure the maintenance of network constraints and energy balance based on day-ahead market commitments and RES deviations. A real-time digital simulator (RTDS) is used to validate the energy sharing.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1102-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481197
Abdeldjebar Hazzab;Hicham Gouabi;Mohamed Habbab;Miloud Rezkallah;Ambrish Chandra;Hussein Ibrahim
Efficient hybrid PV/Wind energy generation is a challenge against fluctuating solar and wind speed conditions. The paper aims to analyze and improve the performance of an optimized and restructured hill-climbing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method, called dP-P&O (Perturb and Observe), for fast-changing environmental conditions of a Hybrid PV/Wind Energy Conversion System (HPVWECS). In the first part of the paper, this technique is restructured and adapted for application in PV Systems (PVS) and Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) where the duty cycle is the control action instead of the reference voltage. The experimental implementation of this technique, for a developed HPVWECS emulator, shows the performance limitation of this technique. To overcome these drawbacks, a proposed method simplified the schemes of the algorithm by considering the novel optimized dP-P&O scheme only, with the integration of a fuzzy logic scheduling controller for the duty cycle perturbation step size based on the power change and the previous duty cycle variation. The proposed MPPT controller is tested in the HPVWECS emulator experimental test bench, to evaluate its performance and robustness. The experimental results prove that the second proposed approach gives higher precision, which leads to an ameliorated energy quality and better performance and robustness, compared to the novel hybrid dP-P&O algorithm (first proposed approach), against different solar and wind environmental conditions and load change.
{"title":"Fuzzy Logic Scheduling of the Duty Cycle Perturbation for Optimized MPPT Controller of PV/Wind Hybrid System","authors":"Abdeldjebar Hazzab;Hicham Gouabi;Mohamed Habbab;Miloud Rezkallah;Ambrish Chandra;Hussein Ibrahim","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481197","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient hybrid PV/Wind energy generation is a challenge against fluctuating solar and wind speed conditions. The paper aims to analyze and improve the performance of an optimized and restructured hill-climbing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method, called dP-P&O (Perturb and Observe), for fast-changing environmental conditions of a Hybrid PV/Wind Energy Conversion System (HPVWECS). In the first part of the paper, this technique is restructured and adapted for application in PV Systems (PVS) and Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) where the duty cycle is the control action instead of the reference voltage. The experimental implementation of this technique, for a developed HPVWECS emulator, shows the performance limitation of this technique. To overcome these drawbacks, a proposed method simplified the schemes of the algorithm by considering the novel optimized dP-P&O scheme only, with the integration of a fuzzy logic scheduling controller for the duty cycle perturbation step size based on the power change and the previous duty cycle variation. The proposed MPPT controller is tested in the HPVWECS emulator experimental test bench, to evaluate its performance and robustness. The experimental results prove that the second proposed approach gives higher precision, which leads to an ameliorated energy quality and better performance and robustness, compared to the novel hybrid dP-P&O algorithm (first proposed approach), against different solar and wind environmental conditions and load change.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"642-652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481190
Yuying Zhang;Long Wang;Chao Huang;Xiong Luo
Regular inspection and maintenance of wind turbine blades are crucial to effectively avoid potential structural failures. By utilizing drone inspection shots, a substantial number of high-resolution images of wind turbines can be obtained. This experiment involves data preprocessing, including image enhancement and manual annotation of wind turbine blade defects in these images. Wind turbine blade defect detection is then performed using YOLOv5. The experimental results demonstrate that the model can accurately predict the location and class of blade defects with nearly human-level accuracy. To further augment the model's capabilities, Genetic Algorithm was applied to fine-tune YOLOv5’s hyperparameters. The original YOLOv5 version achieved an accuracy of 85%, while our method achieved 89%. Additionally, the Unity engine was leveraged to simulate real-world environments and create a synthetic dataset impervious to variations in weather, lighting, and camera angles, thereby enhancing data diversity and quantity. Our method achieved an accuracy of 88%, compared to 85% when using real datasets alone. These innovative approaches significantly enhance the precision and robustness of wind turbine blade defect detection.
{"title":"Wind Turbine Blade Defect Detection Based on the Genetic Algorithm-Enhanced YOLOv5 Algorithm Using Synthetic Data","authors":"Yuying Zhang;Long Wang;Chao Huang;Xiong Luo","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481190","url":null,"abstract":"Regular inspection and maintenance of wind turbine blades are crucial to effectively avoid potential structural failures. By utilizing drone inspection shots, a substantial number of high-resolution images of wind turbines can be obtained. This experiment involves data preprocessing, including image enhancement and manual annotation of wind turbine blade defects in these images. Wind turbine blade defect detection is then performed using YOLOv5. The experimental results demonstrate that the model can accurately predict the location and class of blade defects with nearly human-level accuracy. To further augment the model's capabilities, Genetic Algorithm was applied to fine-tune YOLOv5’s hyperparameters. The original YOLOv5 version achieved an accuracy of 85%, while our method achieved 89%. Additionally, the Unity engine was leveraged to simulate real-world environments and create a synthetic dataset impervious to variations in weather, lighting, and camera angles, thereby enhancing data diversity and quantity. Our method achieved an accuracy of 88%, compared to 85% when using real datasets alone. These innovative approaches significantly enhance the precision and robustness of wind turbine blade defect detection.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"653-665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Higher on-board electrical power generation is a promising solution to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions generated by the aviation industry. With the increasing level of operating voltages to meet the electrical power generation requirements and the higher system frequencies to optimize weight, arc faults will become a serious threat to future aircraft electrical systems. Other conditions such as short electrode gap, low relative humidity and low-pressure ambient environment will introduce additional technical challenges. To provide better understanding of electric arcs at aeronautical conditions, this paper investigates high current (1–1.7 kA) arcs at high frequencies (150–1000 Hz) for a range of electrode gap lengths between 2.5 and 40 mm under pressures between 0.2 to 1 bar absolute. The arc conductance, used as a parameter for comparison of arc characteristics across arc models, is found to increase at shorter gaps, lower pressures, higher humidities and lower frequencies. A black box model is used to demonstrate comparable simulated and experimental arc waveforms below the atmospheric pressure. This modeling approach provides good estimation of high-frequency high-voltage arcing characteristics under aerospace conditions without the need to perform extensive experimental testing.
{"title":"Estimation of High Frequency Arc Conductance in High Voltage Aircraft Systems Using a Modified Mayr Model","authors":"Abir Alabani;Raul Negrin Sanchez;Ian Cotton;Lujia Chen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481194","url":null,"abstract":"Higher on-board electrical power generation is a promising solution to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions generated by the aviation industry. With the increasing level of operating voltages to meet the electrical power generation requirements and the higher system frequencies to optimize weight, arc faults will become a serious threat to future aircraft electrical systems. Other conditions such as short electrode gap, low relative humidity and low-pressure ambient environment will introduce additional technical challenges. To provide better understanding of electric arcs at aeronautical conditions, this paper investigates high current (1–1.7 kA) arcs at high frequencies (150–1000 Hz) for a range of electrode gap lengths between 2.5 and 40 mm under pressures between 0.2 to 1 bar absolute. The arc conductance, used as a parameter for comparison of arc characteristics across arc models, is found to increase at shorter gaps, lower pressures, higher humidities and lower frequencies. A black box model is used to demonstrate comparable simulated and experimental arc waveforms below the atmospheric pressure. This modeling approach provides good estimation of high-frequency high-voltage arcing characteristics under aerospace conditions without the need to perform extensive experimental testing.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1121-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481200
Radha Kushwaha;Vinod Khadkikar;Shakti Singh;Hatem H. Zeineldin;Rabeb Mizouni;Hadi Otrok
The objective of this work is to design and develop a new three port boost AC-DC converter which facilitates on-board fast charging for electric vehicles using partial power processing (PPP) at bidirectional DC-DC stage. As compared to conventional two-stage chargers with two port AC-DC and full-power processing (FPP) DC-DC converter, the three-port converter (TPC) ensures reduced voltage stress across the switches. This allows the converter operation at higher power without additional stress on devices while reducing the charging time. The PPP at DC-DC stage makes it highly efficient due to reduced power conversion stages. The proposed TPC is able to generate three levels of output voltage, which reduces the converter switching loss. The proposed TPC with PPC concept further minimizes the power losses as only a fraction of the power is processed by the DC-DC converter switches and components. Hence, the charger overall size and cost can be reduced while achieving significantly high efficiency as compared to conventional two-stage charger with FPP, even without soft-switching. The performance of proposed charger is validated under different operating conditions using MATLAB/Simulink based simulation model for 6.6 kW and scaled down-lab prototype for 1.5 kW.
{"title":"An Efficient Three-Port Partial Power Converter Based EV On-Board Fast Charger","authors":"Radha Kushwaha;Vinod Khadkikar;Shakti Singh;Hatem H. Zeineldin;Rabeb Mizouni;Hadi Otrok","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481200","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to design and develop a new three port boost AC-DC converter which facilitates on-board fast charging for electric vehicles using partial power processing (PPP) at bidirectional DC-DC stage. As compared to conventional two-stage chargers with two port AC-DC and full-power processing (FPP) DC-DC converter, the three-port converter (TPC) ensures reduced voltage stress across the switches. This allows the converter operation at higher power without additional stress on devices while reducing the charging time. The PPP at DC-DC stage makes it highly efficient due to reduced power conversion stages. The proposed TPC is able to generate three levels of output voltage, which reduces the converter switching loss. The proposed TPC with PPC concept further minimizes the power losses as only a fraction of the power is processed by the DC-DC converter switches and components. Hence, the charger overall size and cost can be reduced while achieving significantly high efficiency as compared to conventional two-stage charger with FPP, even without soft-switching. The performance of proposed charger is validated under different operating conditions using MATLAB/Simulink based simulation model for 6.6 kW and scaled down-lab prototype for 1.5 kW.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"749-762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481195
Emanuele Fedele;Renato Rizzo
Optimal torque curve control is a common technique used to track the maximum power point of wind energy systems without direct wind measurements. However, it relies on precise knowledge of the turbine's aerodynamic characteristics and air density. Since these parameters can differ significantly from their nominal value due to variable ambient conditions and aging of the turbine, suboptimal operation of the wind generator can occur. In this paper, a robust and adaptive Extremum Seeking optimization to track the optimal torque trajectory and achieve maximum wind energy harvesting is proposed and implemented. Unlike other approaches found in the literature, adaptive Extremum Seeking is leveraged here to drive the generator torque toward its optimal trajectory rather than to define a variable speed set-point for the turbine. By doing so, maximum-power-point operation can be achieved with reduced oscillations in torque and electrical power. Furthermore, the detection of wrong derivative estimates is integrated into the proposed algorithm to acquire robustness against sudden wind changes, which may otherwise compromise tracking stability and performance. The results of simulations on a 1.5 MW wind energy system and extensive experimentation on a small-scale test bench are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique.
{"title":"A Robust Adaptive Extremum-Seeking-Based Optimal Torque Curve Tracking for Wind Turbine Generators","authors":"Emanuele Fedele;Renato Rizzo","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481195","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal torque curve control is a common technique used to track the maximum power point of wind energy systems without direct wind measurements. However, it relies on precise knowledge of the turbine's aerodynamic characteristics and air density. Since these parameters can differ significantly from their nominal value due to variable ambient conditions and aging of the turbine, suboptimal operation of the wind generator can occur. In this paper, a robust and adaptive Extremum Seeking optimization to track the optimal torque trajectory and achieve maximum wind energy harvesting is proposed and implemented. Unlike other approaches found in the literature, adaptive Extremum Seeking is leveraged here to drive the generator torque toward its optimal trajectory rather than to define a variable speed set-point for the turbine. By doing so, maximum-power-point operation can be achieved with reduced oscillations in torque and electrical power. Furthermore, the detection of wrong derivative estimates is integrated into the proposed algorithm to acquire robustness against sudden wind changes, which may otherwise compromise tracking stability and performance. The results of simulations on a 1.5 MW wind energy system and extensive experimentation on a small-scale test bench are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"629-641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3481198
Mahzad Gholamian;Omid Beik
This article introduces a reactive power control tailored for a hybrid generator (HG) in a wind turbine (WT) conversion system. The WT is interfaced to a medium-voltage DC (MVDC) collector grid via a passive rectification stage in a multiterminal DC (MTDC) grid. The MVDC grid collects the power from WTs and sends it to an offshore substation, where DC-DC converters step-up the voltage for transmission to a fixed-voltage high-voltage DC (HVDC) grid. The HG has a 9-phase stator winding and comprises of two rotors, a permanent magnet (PM) rotor, and a wound field (WF) rotor. Both rotors are mounted on the same shaft and rotate at the same speed. At each speed the PM rotor induces a fixed stator voltage, while the induced voltage due to WF rotor is adjustable by controlling a DC current into the WF winding. The paper introduces a reactive power control that is implemented through a dual-loop WF rotor control enabling an effective management of the HG and WT reactive power. The proposed control system is developed for individual WTs and for parallel WTs in a MTDC grid. Analytical modelling are verified by simulation results, while test results from a scale-down laboratory prototype HG validate the simulations.
{"title":"Wind Turbine Reactive Power Control in a Multiterminal DC (MTDC) Wind Generation System","authors":"Mahzad Gholamian;Omid Beik","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3481198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3481198","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a reactive power control tailored for a hybrid generator (HG) in a wind turbine (WT) conversion system. The WT is interfaced to a medium-voltage DC (MVDC) collector grid via a passive rectification stage in a multiterminal DC (MTDC) grid. The MVDC grid collects the power from WTs and sends it to an offshore substation, where DC-DC converters step-up the voltage for transmission to a fixed-voltage high-voltage DC (HVDC) grid. The HG has a 9-phase stator winding and comprises of two rotors, a permanent magnet (PM) rotor, and a wound field (WF) rotor. Both rotors are mounted on the same shaft and rotate at the same speed. At each speed the PM rotor induces a fixed stator voltage, while the induced voltage due to WF rotor is adjustable by controlling a DC current into the WF winding. The paper introduces a reactive power control that is implemented through a dual-loop WF rotor control enabling an effective management of the HG and WT reactive power. The proposed control system is developed for individual WTs and for parallel WTs in a MTDC grid. Analytical modelling are verified by simulation results, while test results from a scale-down laboratory prototype HG validate the simulations.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"666-675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3479163
Sneha Narasimhan;Subhashish Bhattacharya;Navid R. Zargari
Current source converters (CSCs) find extensive applications in medium voltage (MV) motor drive systems, ranging from 100 kWs to 10 s of MWs. In conventional CSC motor drives, Symmetric Gate-Commutated Thyristors (SGCTs) serve as reverse voltage-blocking (RVB) switches, referred to as current switches (CS). However, these SGCT devices operate at relatively low switching frequencies (420-720 Hz), leading to larger passive components and reduced system efficiencies. Furthermore, these devices must be connected in series to achieve the necessary line-line voltage ratings of 4.16 kV for 4.16 kV-rated motors. The emergence of Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based devices has revolutionized CSC technology by enabling high switching frequency, reducing the size of the passives, and the need for a high device count. This paper presents a comparative study between a single 10 kV SiC CS and two series-connected 6.5 kV SGCTs for MV CSC applications with a line-to-line voltage rating of 4.16 kV. The analysis encompasses device sizing, passive component selection and sizing, and the evaluation of system losses, including converter losses and passive component losses. The results highlight the advantages of the SiC-based solution, which offers increased power density, improved waveform quality with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), enhanced overall system efficiency, and higher thermal limits. Finally, experimental results with the 10 kV XHV-9 module are presented.
{"title":"Comparison of a 10 kV SiC Current Switch With two 6.5 kV Series Connected Si SGCTs for Medium Voltage Current Source Converter Applications","authors":"Sneha Narasimhan;Subhashish Bhattacharya;Navid R. Zargari","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3479163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3479163","url":null,"abstract":"Current source converters (CSCs) find extensive applications in medium voltage (MV) motor drive systems, ranging from 100 kWs to 10 s of MWs. In conventional CSC motor drives, Symmetric Gate-Commutated Thyristors (SGCTs) serve as reverse voltage-blocking (RVB) switches, referred to as current switches (CS). However, these SGCT devices operate at relatively low switching frequencies (420-720 Hz), leading to larger passive components and reduced system efficiencies. Furthermore, these devices must be connected in series to achieve the necessary line-line voltage ratings of 4.16 kV for 4.16 kV-rated motors. The emergence of Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based devices has revolutionized CSC technology by enabling high switching frequency, reducing the size of the passives, and the need for a high device count. This paper presents a comparative study between a single 10 kV SiC CS and two series-connected 6.5 kV SGCTs for MV CSC applications with a line-to-line voltage rating of 4.16 kV. The analysis encompasses device sizing, passive component selection and sizing, and the evaluation of system losses, including converter losses and passive component losses. The results highlight the advantages of the SiC-based solution, which offers increased power density, improved waveform quality with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), enhanced overall system efficiency, and higher thermal limits. Finally, experimental results with the 10 kV XHV-9 module are presented.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"370-382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3479154
Kamisetti N. V. Prasad;G. R. Jayanth;G. Narayanan
Control of electromagnetic bearings (EMB), which are used to support the shaft of a high-speed rotating machine, involves stabilization of an unstable system and high-bandwidth position control of the rotor being supported. The control should be immune to significant vibrations that are encountered in high-speed machines, satisfying stringent International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. The controller should also reject disturbances due to high centrifugal forces on the shaft due to inevitable rotor mass unbalance. Also, the control should be robust to wide variations encountered in the plant parameters. A systematic design procedure for the PID controller is presented. This includes identifying possible space of controller specifications, closed-form expressions for the parameters of a PID controller for given specifications, and selecting a controller that satisfies all requirements in the presence of actuator bandwidth limit and plant parameter variations. The proposed procedure is used to design a position controller for a radial electromagnetic bearing of 180-N load capacity. The same is verified through simulations to satisfy stability, bandwidth, disturbance rejection and ISO standard requirements. The controller is shown to perform satisfactorily over the complete range of possible plant parameter variations. The performance is satisfactory even in the presence of actuator bandwidth limitation. The controller design procedure is further validated through simulation and experiment in the context of one-degree-freedom position control of a shaft of mass 2.285 kg.
{"title":"Modelling and Control of Power-Converter-Fed Electromagnetic Bearing","authors":"Kamisetti N. V. Prasad;G. R. Jayanth;G. Narayanan","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3479154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3479154","url":null,"abstract":"Control of electromagnetic bearings (EMB), which are used to support the shaft of a high-speed rotating machine, involves stabilization of an unstable system and high-bandwidth position control of the rotor being supported. The control should be immune to significant vibrations that are encountered in high-speed machines, satisfying stringent International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. The controller should also reject disturbances due to high centrifugal forces on the shaft due to inevitable rotor mass unbalance. Also, the control should be robust to wide variations encountered in the plant parameters. A systematic design procedure for the PID controller is presented. This includes identifying possible space of controller specifications, closed-form expressions for the parameters of a PID controller for given specifications, and selecting a controller that satisfies all requirements in the presence of actuator bandwidth limit and plant parameter variations. The proposed procedure is used to design a position controller for a radial electromagnetic bearing of 180-N load capacity. The same is verified through simulations to satisfy stability, bandwidth, disturbance rejection and ISO standard requirements. The controller is shown to perform satisfactorily over the complete range of possible plant parameter variations. The performance is satisfactory even in the presence of actuator bandwidth limitation. The controller design procedure is further validated through simulation and experiment in the context of one-degree-freedom position control of a shaft of mass 2.285 kg.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"181-195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：