Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580523
Jeremy L. Siegfried, E. MacDonald, F. Ahmadi
In this paper, a pressure measurement system is proposed based on reflective optical sensors. An array of nine sensors was embedded into a 3D multi-stack printed sample made of silicone rubber. The sample consisted of nine rectangular cells. The fabricated sample was designed to operate in medium- to high-pressure regimes. A customized Java-based application was developed to synchronize and automate the measurement process between a motorized force measurement test stand and a data acquisition system. The compression tests of a single cell showed good linearity and a dynamic range. Sensitivity and dynamic ranges of 0.001 kPa−1 and 1040 kPa, respectively, were obtained. Depending on the application, the sensitivity and dynamic range can be adjusted by changing the wall thickness of the cells. The proposed system exhibited good repeatability, durability, and dynamic stability over a wide range of applied pressures. The proposed pressure system has potential applications in sports biomechanics and health-monitoring systems.
{"title":"An additively manufactured pressure measurement system based on optical sensors","authors":"Jeremy L. Siegfried, E. MacDonald, F. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580523","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a pressure measurement system is proposed based on reflective optical sensors. An array of nine sensors was embedded into a 3D multi-stack printed sample made of silicone rubber. The sample consisted of nine rectangular cells. The fabricated sample was designed to operate in medium- to high-pressure regimes. A customized Java-based application was developed to synchronize and automate the measurement process between a motorized force measurement test stand and a data acquisition system. The compression tests of a single cell showed good linearity and a dynamic range. Sensitivity and dynamic ranges of 0.001 kPa−1 and 1040 kPa, respectively, were obtained. Depending on the application, the sensitivity and dynamic range can be adjusted by changing the wall thickness of the cells. The proposed system exhibited good repeatability, durability, and dynamic stability over a wide range of applied pressures. The proposed pressure system has potential applications in sports biomechanics and health-monitoring systems.","PeriodicalId":133484,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123138237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580525
L. Kuhnel, K. Neumann, F. Langer, D. Erni, R. Schmechel, N. Benson
Printed, flexible electronics are a key component within the Internet-of- Things concept as they exhibit the potential for high-throughput and cost-effective manufacturing. However, due to the limited high frequency performance of today's printable electronic materials, there still is a need for electronic components capable of switching speeds in the GHz range. We cater to this need by introducing a new type of Schottky diode based on a printable and laser modified silicon nanoparticle thin film, which operates at switching speeds up to at least 4 GHz.
{"title":"Solution processable GHz silicon Schottky diodes","authors":"L. Kuhnel, K. Neumann, F. Langer, D. Erni, R. Schmechel, N. Benson","doi":"10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580525","url":null,"abstract":"Printed, flexible electronics are a key component within the Internet-of- Things concept as they exhibit the potential for high-throughput and cost-effective manufacturing. However, due to the limited high frequency performance of today's printable electronic materials, there still is a need for electronic components capable of switching speeds in the GHz range. We cater to this need by introducing a new type of Schottky diode based on a printable and laser modified silicon nanoparticle thin film, which operates at switching speeds up to at least 4 GHz.","PeriodicalId":133484,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132810680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580504
S. Vasquez, Mukhtar Ahmad, M. Petrelli, M. C. Angeli, R. Riaz, Ali Douaki, G. Cantarella, N. Münzenrieder, P. Lugli, L. Petti
In this work, Schottky diodes based on amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) were fabricated on cellulose microfiber paper substrate. Silver lines used as the Schottky barrier were printed, in parallel to thermally evaporated Cr/Au ohmic contact, using a dispense printer. The morphological and electrical characteristics of the devices are presented. The fabricated diodes exhibited rectification ratios ranging from 3.4 to 34.9 at ±1V with ON voltages that range from 1.1V to 1.4 V, for device lengths (Ag to Au distance) from 145 µm to 894 µm. The diodes were characterized in a temperature range between 25°C and 80°C. They showed a decrease of the ON current when increasing temperature, which is mainly attributed to the change of the cellulose microstructure. Indeed, an opposite of the ON current behavior was registered when the diode was realized on a polyimide substrate. The realized flexible paper-based diodes offer a potential promising choice for printed environmental-friendly electronics.
{"title":"Thermal Stability of Flexible IGZO/Ag Schottky Diodes on Cellulose Microfiber Paper Substrate","authors":"S. Vasquez, Mukhtar Ahmad, M. Petrelli, M. C. Angeli, R. Riaz, Ali Douaki, G. Cantarella, N. Münzenrieder, P. Lugli, L. Petti","doi":"10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580504","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, Schottky diodes based on amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) were fabricated on cellulose microfiber paper substrate. Silver lines used as the Schottky barrier were printed, in parallel to thermally evaporated Cr/Au ohmic contact, using a dispense printer. The morphological and electrical characteristics of the devices are presented. The fabricated diodes exhibited rectification ratios ranging from 3.4 to 34.9 at ±1V with ON voltages that range from 1.1V to 1.4 V, for device lengths (Ag to Au distance) from 145 µm to 894 µm. The diodes were characterized in a temperature range between 25°C and 80°C. They showed a decrease of the ON current when increasing temperature, which is mainly attributed to the change of the cellulose microstructure. Indeed, an opposite of the ON current behavior was registered when the diode was realized on a polyimide substrate. The realized flexible paper-based diodes offer a potential promising choice for printed environmental-friendly electronics.","PeriodicalId":133484,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125627403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580507
J. Crosby, H. Emani, Xingzhe Zhang, D. Maddipatla, S. Ahmadi, Qingliu Wu, B. Bazuin, Matthew Stoops, M. Atashbar
A flexible battery based on zinc (anode) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) (cathode) as active materials was fabricated for wearable electronics. Carbon black was used as a conductive additive in the cathode to enhance the conductivity of MnO2. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is saturated with zinc oxide (ZnO) and used as an electrolyte. A flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was used to coat ink slurries for anode and cathode. Electrochemical performance of the battery was compared with coin-cell within range of 0.8 – 1.2 V. Flexible Zn/MnO2 based battery demonstrated a capacity of 0.25 mAh along with a voltage potential of 1.1 V when discharged at 0.01C. Flexible battery exhibited a higher specific capacity of 80 mAh/g compared to 40 mAh/g for the coin-cell.
{"title":"Development of a Zn/MnO2 Based Flexible Battery","authors":"J. Crosby, H. Emani, Xingzhe Zhang, D. Maddipatla, S. Ahmadi, Qingliu Wu, B. Bazuin, Matthew Stoops, M. Atashbar","doi":"10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580507","url":null,"abstract":"A flexible battery based on zinc (anode) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) (cathode) as active materials was fabricated for wearable electronics. Carbon black was used as a conductive additive in the cathode to enhance the conductivity of MnO2. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is saturated with zinc oxide (ZnO) and used as an electrolyte. A flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was used to coat ink slurries for anode and cathode. Electrochemical performance of the battery was compared with coin-cell within range of 0.8 – 1.2 V. Flexible Zn/MnO2 based battery demonstrated a capacity of 0.25 mAh along with a voltage potential of 1.1 V when discharged at 0.01C. Flexible battery exhibited a higher specific capacity of 80 mAh/g compared to 40 mAh/g for the coin-cell.","PeriodicalId":133484,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131808854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580528
Akanksha Rohi, S. Kaya
We present on the design of highly-sensitive capacitive sensors using conductive textile electrodes and polyurethane (PU) foams as the dielectric layer for wearable sensing applications. Previous works involve complex processes in the fabrication of flexible, stretchable, and composite dielectrics using additional fillers or microstructures. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and cost-effective fabrication technique using polyurethane foam as the dielectric material to form capacitive sensors that are sensitive to stretching, bending and pressure. The magnitude of change in capacitance (10-60%) is increased due to the combined effect of micropores in the dielectric foam and the air gaps at the interface between the textile electrodes and dielectric layer. With the use of microporous PU foam, the change in capacitance under a mechanical load is not only due to the change in the thickness of the dielectric layer but also due to the change in the relative permittivity. Hence the proposed textile capacitive sensors can capture critical information when deployed in different locations on the body demonstrated via a shoe insert, speech detection, breathing and heart rate monitoring.
{"title":"Flexible Multi-Modal Capacitive Sensors with Polyurethane Foam Dielectrics for Wearables","authors":"Akanksha Rohi, S. Kaya","doi":"10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580528","url":null,"abstract":"We present on the design of highly-sensitive capacitive sensors using conductive textile electrodes and polyurethane (PU) foams as the dielectric layer for wearable sensing applications. Previous works involve complex processes in the fabrication of flexible, stretchable, and composite dielectrics using additional fillers or microstructures. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and cost-effective fabrication technique using polyurethane foam as the dielectric material to form capacitive sensors that are sensitive to stretching, bending and pressure. The magnitude of change in capacitance (10-60%) is increased due to the combined effect of micropores in the dielectric foam and the air gaps at the interface between the textile electrodes and dielectric layer. With the use of microporous PU foam, the change in capacitance under a mechanical load is not only due to the change in the thickness of the dielectric layer but also due to the change in the relative permittivity. Hence the proposed textile capacitive sensors can capture critical information when deployed in different locations on the body demonstrated via a shoe insert, speech detection, breathing and heart rate monitoring.","PeriodicalId":133484,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580515
S. Ahmadi, Guanyi Wang, D. Maddipatla, Q. Wu, W. Lu, M. Atashbar
Current lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are expensive and bulky, limited by relatively low charging rates. To increase the rate of charging and reduce weight, thin electrodes with high energy density are required. The increase in energy density can be achieved by several techniques including boosting electrolyte transport, high loading/utilization of active material, employing high conductive electrolytes and electrodes with advanced architectures, and increasing cell temperature. In this paper, a 3D physics-based electrochemical model of LIBs is developed in COMSOL simulation software for different thickness, calendering steps as well as channel structures (conical, cylindrical) to optimize the electrode design and in turn maximize volumetric energy density. The simulation results demonstrated that calendering the electrodes with high initial porosity increases the volumetric energy density of the cell. In addition, cylindrical channel structures with relatively lower edge-to-edge distance also results in increased volumetric energy density. The simulation results of the 3D model was validated by comparing it with experimental results.
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Thickness, Calendering and Channel Structures of Printed Electrodes on the Energy Density of LIBs - 3D Simulation and Validation","authors":"S. Ahmadi, Guanyi Wang, D. Maddipatla, Q. Wu, W. Lu, M. Atashbar","doi":"10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFETC49530.2021.9580515","url":null,"abstract":"Current lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are expensive and bulky, limited by relatively low charging rates. To increase the rate of charging and reduce weight, thin electrodes with high energy density are required. The increase in energy density can be achieved by several techniques including boosting electrolyte transport, high loading/utilization of active material, employing high conductive electrolytes and electrodes with advanced architectures, and increasing cell temperature. In this paper, a 3D physics-based electrochemical model of LIBs is developed in COMSOL simulation software for different thickness, calendering steps as well as channel structures (conical, cylindrical) to optimize the electrode design and in turn maximize volumetric energy density. The simulation results demonstrated that calendering the electrodes with high initial porosity increases the volumetric energy density of the cell. In addition, cylindrical channel structures with relatively lower edge-to-edge distance also results in increased volumetric energy density. The simulation results of the 3D model was validated by comparing it with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":133484,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128532593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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