Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.73-82
C. A. Aryanti, H. Suseno, M. Muslim, W. R. Prihatiningsih, Siti Nurul Aini
NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) is a radionuclide element that naturally already exists in the earth. Its concentration can be increased by industrial activities, such as coal-fired power plant (CFPP). Coal-fired power plant activities produce fly ash and bottom ash which will be carried away by the wind and then can enter the CFPP environment, one of which is marine waters and can affect the existence of marine biota. The determination of the radiation dose rate is essential in assessing the risk of radionuclide exposure to the marine environment. This study aims to determine and evaluate the total dose rate of 210Po to marine biota taken from the Karangsari fish market with catchment areas around the waters of CFPP Tanjung Awar – Awar, Tuban, East Java. This research was conducted in April 2021 in the waters of CFPP Tanjung Awar – Awar. 210Po measurement activity was carried out using alpha ray spectrometry at the Marine Radioecology Laboratory of PTKMR-BATAN, then the radiation dose rate was calculated using the ERICA Tool software. The value of the total radiation dose of 210Po on marine biota ranges from 2.70E-1 µGy.hr-1 to 39.70E+0 µGy.hr-1. The radiation dose of 210Po on marine biota measured in the waters of CFPP, has a lower value range than the research result carried out in other countries. Based on the Erica Tools software analysis, the total radiation dose measured on marine organisms in the waters of CFPP Tanjung Awar – Awar, does not give a negatively impact to the marine ecosystems and the sustainability of marine organisms in the study area.
NORM(自然发生的放射性物质)是一种自然存在于地球上的放射性核素元素。其浓度可以通过工业活动，如燃煤电厂(CFPP)而增加。燃煤电厂活动产生的飞灰和底灰会被风带走，然后进入CFPP环境，其中一个是海水，会影响海洋生物群的存在。确定辐射剂量率对于评估放射性核素暴露于海洋环境的风险至关重要。本研究旨在确定和评估210Po对东爪哇图班省丹戎阿瓦尔-阿瓦尔省CFPP水域周围集水区Karangsari鱼市场海洋生物的总剂量率。本研究于2021年4月在CFPP Tanjung Awar - Awar水域进行，在PTKMR-BATAN海洋放射生态学实验室使用α射线能谱法进行210Po测量活度，然后使用ERICA Tool软件计算辐射剂量率。210Po对海洋生物的总辐射剂量为2.70E-1µGy。hr-1至39.70E+0µGy.hr-1。在CFPP海域测得的210Po对海洋生物群的辐射剂量，与其他国家开展的研究结果相比，具有较低的数值范围。基于Erica Tools软件分析，CFPP丹戎阿瓦尔-阿瓦尔水域海洋生物的总辐射剂量对研究区海洋生态系统和海洋生物的可持续性没有负面影响。
{"title":"Potential Radiological Dose of 210Po to Several Marine Organisms in Coastal Area of Coal-Fired Power Plant Tanjung Awar – Awar, Tuban","authors":"C. A. Aryanti, H. Suseno, M. Muslim, W. R. Prihatiningsih, Siti Nurul Aini","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.73-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.73-82","url":null,"abstract":"NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) is a radionuclide element that naturally already exists in the earth. Its concentration can be increased by industrial activities, such as coal-fired power plant (CFPP). Coal-fired power plant activities produce fly ash and bottom ash which will be carried away by the wind and then can enter the CFPP environment, one of which is marine waters and can affect the existence of marine biota. The determination of the radiation dose rate is essential in assessing the risk of radionuclide exposure to the marine environment. This study aims to determine and evaluate the total dose rate of 210Po to marine biota taken from the Karangsari fish market with catchment areas around the waters of CFPP Tanjung Awar – Awar, Tuban, East Java. This research was conducted in April 2021 in the waters of CFPP Tanjung Awar – Awar. 210Po measurement activity was carried out using alpha ray spectrometry at the Marine Radioecology Laboratory of PTKMR-BATAN, then the radiation dose rate was calculated using the ERICA Tool software. The value of the total radiation dose of 210Po on marine biota ranges from 2.70E-1 µGy.hr-1 to 39.70E+0 µGy.hr-1. The radiation dose of 210Po on marine biota measured in the waters of CFPP, has a lower value range than the research result carried out in other countries. Based on the Erica Tools software analysis, the total radiation dose measured on marine organisms in the waters of CFPP Tanjung Awar – Awar, does not give a negatively impact to the marine ecosystems and the sustainability of marine organisms in the study area.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89934298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.53-60
Eduard Meirenno Tielman, L. Indriana, I. Widowati, A. Ambariyanto
Indonesia is the second-largest contributor of plastic debris in the world. The abundance of plastic debris and the bioavailability of its fragmented form known as Microplastics (MPs; < 5 mm of size) can be dangerous for marine environments. This study investigates the presence of MPs in the sea water and marine organisms (Placuna placenta) at Tambak Lorok Waters located at the coast of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia. All of the microplastics collected from both samples were identified by their shape, color, size (using Olympus Stereo Microscope), and polymer type (using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy/FTIR). The study found that the Microplastic concentration in the water samples had an average of 12.6 particles.L-1, where the color and size distribution were predominantly blue colored fragments sized less than 50 µm. Examination of the study area showed that microplastics concentration in P. placenta was 1 item and 0.033 items.g-1 for each of the organism. Whereas for physical aspects of microplastics found in the oysters showed the blue colored fibers with range size 300-1000 µm were mostly present. Majority of the polymer types of microplastics found in this study were low-density polyethylene, nylon, polystyrene, and polypropylene. Data from this study shows that microplastics were present in the Tambak Lorok coastal waters. However, there was no significant statistical correlation between the concentration of microplastics in the seawater and the P. placenta, the presence of microplastics in the seawater were found to be ingested by the P. placenta.
{"title":"Presence of Microplastics in Windowpane Oyster Placuna placenta and the waters from the Tambak Lorok Coastal Area in Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Eduard Meirenno Tielman, L. Indriana, I. Widowati, A. Ambariyanto","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.53-60","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is the second-largest contributor of plastic debris in the world. The abundance of plastic debris and the bioavailability of its fragmented form known as Microplastics (MPs; < 5 mm of size) can be dangerous for marine environments. This study investigates the presence of MPs in the sea water and marine organisms (Placuna placenta) at Tambak Lorok Waters located at the coast of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia. All of the microplastics collected from both samples were identified by their shape, color, size (using Olympus Stereo Microscope), and polymer type (using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy/FTIR). The study found that the Microplastic concentration in the water samples had an average of 12.6 particles.L-1, where the color and size distribution were predominantly blue colored fragments sized less than 50 µm. Examination of the study area showed that microplastics concentration in P. placenta was 1 item and 0.033 items.g-1 for each of the organism. Whereas for physical aspects of microplastics found in the oysters showed the blue colored fibers with range size 300-1000 µm were mostly present. Majority of the polymer types of microplastics found in this study were low-density polyethylene, nylon, polystyrene, and polypropylene. Data from this study shows that microplastics were present in the Tambak Lorok coastal waters. However, there was no significant statistical correlation between the concentration of microplastics in the seawater and the P. placenta, the presence of microplastics in the seawater were found to be ingested by the P. placenta.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82470757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.61-72
A. Soemodinoto, Mirza Pedju
The management effectiveness evaluation of marine conservation areas (MCAs) in Indonesia is often conducted assuming that they are likely to be evaluated periodically. However, for good and reliable results, it is recommended to perform the evaluability assessment prior to any evaluation to determine whether an MCA can be evaluated or not. This study aims to assess the evaluability of MCAs managed by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) by reviewing their management plans and effectiveness evaluation tools. By employing a qualitative approach, this study found that (i) the management plans are not conceived to support an effective management of MCAs in the field or the evaluation of management effectiveness; and (ii) the current guidelines for evaluating MCA management effectiveness do not evaluate the expected achievements of management actions relative to biodiversity conservation goals and objectives. As a result, MCAs under MMAF direct supervision are not evaluable, and hence, the evaluations are pointless from a biodiversity conservation perspective. To address this discrepancy, it is recommended that the management effectiveness evaluation should only be applied to MCAs with an effectiveness-oriented management plan and should employ tools or guidelines that are devised to evaluate the achievement of MCA conservation goals and objectives.
{"title":"Evaluability Assessment of Indonesian Marine Conservation Areas for Management Effectiveness Evaluation","authors":"A. Soemodinoto, Mirza Pedju","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.61-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.61-72","url":null,"abstract":"The management effectiveness evaluation of marine conservation areas (MCAs) in Indonesia is often conducted assuming that they are likely to be evaluated periodically. However, for good and reliable results, it is recommended to perform the evaluability assessment prior to any evaluation to determine whether an MCA can be evaluated or not. This study aims to assess the evaluability of MCAs managed by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) by reviewing their management plans and effectiveness evaluation tools. By employing a qualitative approach, this study found that (i) the management plans are not conceived to support an effective management of MCAs in the field or the evaluation of management effectiveness; and (ii) the current guidelines for evaluating MCA management effectiveness do not evaluate the expected achievements of management actions relative to biodiversity conservation goals and objectives. As a result, MCAs under MMAF direct supervision are not evaluable, and hence, the evaluations are pointless from a biodiversity conservation perspective. To address this discrepancy, it is recommended that the management effectiveness evaluation should only be applied to MCAs with an effectiveness-oriented management plan and should employ tools or guidelines that are devised to evaluate the achievement of MCA conservation goals and objectives.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78362227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-04DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.37-44
S. Adibrata, R. Astuti, N. Bahtera, Rahmad Lingga, F. Manin, Maulana Firdaus
Bycatch small pelagic fish during the fishing season can be oversupplied so that its price goes down. The study aims to analyze the proximate of local fish powder from the by-catch and probiotics of Probio_FM in the fish feed in Bangka Belitung. The method was the data compared with the Indonesian National Standard, SNI 01-2715-1996/Rev: 92 about the raw material of animal feed as fish powder and fish feed with six different treatments. The study found that the bycatch or trash from small pelagic fish could be used as a fish powder or fish feed. The proximate analysis on fish powder and fish feed with probiotics Probio_FM included as the quality of SNI. Crude protein values from 25.75% until 66.96% that was above SNI standard I (1.5%), II (2.5%), and III (3.0%) could be followed up into an economical business. Fermented activity from Probio_FM could degrade the protein and other components proximate such as ash content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, Phosphor, and NaCl. The amino acids from protein were getting simpler and easier being absorbed by fish in culture or livestock farms. Probio_FM was assumed to degrade the protein value and other components proximate due to the utilization of nitrogen and ammonia derived from the process fish protein hydrolyzation of probiotic bacteria. The production of local feed should be implemented to reach feed security and very important to be developed into a community business. Proximate analysis of bycatch could support sustainable good aquaculture practices in the future.
{"title":"Proximate Analysis of Bycatch Fish and Probiotics Treatments towards the Good Aquaculture Practices","authors":"S. Adibrata, R. Astuti, N. Bahtera, Rahmad Lingga, F. Manin, Maulana Firdaus","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.37-44","url":null,"abstract":"Bycatch small pelagic fish during the fishing season can be oversupplied so that its price goes down. The study aims to analyze the proximate of local fish powder from the by-catch and probiotics of Probio_FM in the fish feed in Bangka Belitung. The method was the data compared with the Indonesian National Standard, SNI 01-2715-1996/Rev: 92 about the raw material of animal feed as fish powder and fish feed with six different treatments. The study found that the bycatch or trash from small pelagic fish could be used as a fish powder or fish feed. The proximate analysis on fish powder and fish feed with probiotics Probio_FM included as the quality of SNI. Crude protein values from 25.75% until 66.96% that was above SNI standard I (1.5%), II (2.5%), and III (3.0%) could be followed up into an economical business. Fermented activity from Probio_FM could degrade the protein and other components proximate such as ash content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, Phosphor, and NaCl. The amino acids from protein were getting simpler and easier being absorbed by fish in culture or livestock farms. Probio_FM was assumed to degrade the protein value and other components proximate due to the utilization of nitrogen and ammonia derived from the process fish protein hydrolyzation of probiotic bacteria. The production of local feed should be implemented to reach feed security and very important to be developed into a community business. Proximate analysis of bycatch could support sustainable good aquaculture practices in the future. ","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76015277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.45-52
Husna El Iksiroh, S. Anggoro, Henna Rya Sunoko Abdurachim, S. Subagiyo, M. I. Ighwerb
The D-2 Ballast Water Management Convention standard regulates the requirements for the disposal of ballast water, which must not contain pathogenic bacteria, which are harmful to health and pollute the environment and the sustainability of local ecosystems. Tanjung Emas was chosen because it is one of the busiest ports in Indonesia to serve domestic shipping. In addition, there has never been a study examining the composition of bacteria carried through ballast water at the port of Tanjung Emas. This study aims to determine the content of pathogenic bacteria carried by the ballast water of ships docked at Tanjung Emas Port compared to the waters around the disposal and river flows around Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang. The samples were taken from 4 ships, 5 waters, and 2 rivers in Tanjung Emas area. The samples were analyzed biochemically to obtain the morphology of the bacteria present. The results showed that ballast water from the ships (KVOG, KMPS, and M) contains pathogenic bacteria: V. cholerae, E. coli, enterococci, S. typhii, S. desenteriae, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and Actinobacteria. All types of that bacteria were also found in the Tanjung Emas waters except Actinobacteria. For three bacteria i.e. V. cholerae, E. coli, and enterococci whose levels exceed the threshold required by the BWM Convention and have the potential to pollute the Tanjung Emas environment. The water from the river did not contribute to the presence of V. cholerae bacteria in port waters, so the ballast water must be treated before being disposed of.
{"title":"Bacteriological Study of Ballast Water at Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang","authors":"Husna El Iksiroh, S. Anggoro, Henna Rya Sunoko Abdurachim, S. Subagiyo, M. I. Ighwerb","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.45-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.45-52","url":null,"abstract":"The D-2 Ballast Water Management Convention standard regulates the requirements for the disposal of ballast water, which must not contain pathogenic bacteria, which are harmful to health and pollute the environment and the sustainability of local ecosystems. Tanjung Emas was chosen because it is one of the busiest ports in Indonesia to serve domestic shipping. In addition, there has never been a study examining the composition of bacteria carried through ballast water at the port of Tanjung Emas. This study aims to determine the content of pathogenic bacteria carried by the ballast water of ships docked at Tanjung Emas Port compared to the waters around the disposal and river flows around Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang. The samples were taken from 4 ships, 5 waters, and 2 rivers in Tanjung Emas area. The samples were analyzed biochemically to obtain the morphology of the bacteria present. The results showed that ballast water from the ships (KVOG, KMPS, and M) contains pathogenic bacteria: V. cholerae, E. coli, enterococci, S. typhii, S. desenteriae, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and Actinobacteria. All types of that bacteria were also found in the Tanjung Emas waters except Actinobacteria. For three bacteria i.e. V. cholerae, E. coli, and enterococci whose levels exceed the threshold required by the BWM Convention and have the potential to pollute the Tanjung Emas environment. The water from the river did not contribute to the presence of V. cholerae bacteria in port waters, so the ballast water must be treated before being disposed of.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76154195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.29-36
B. Sadarun, Nurisma Rahmatika, A. W. Yodha, A. Fristiohady, A. Sundowo, S. Baharum, I. Sahidin
Soft coral Nepthea sp. grows in the seas of South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of this genus is still limited. Therefore, this research aims to explore the chemical contents and biological activities of Nepthea sp. The sample was collected from the waters of Saponda Island by SCUBA diving. It was extracted by ethyl acetate and fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography. The chemical content was analyzed by phytochemical screening, LC-MS/MS analysis, Total Phenolics Content and Total Flavonoids Contents. Antioxidant potency was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Cytotoxicity property was analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. The result showed that the fractionation of Nepthea ethylacetate extracts produced six fractions (A-F). Fractions A and B contain non-polar compounds. Based on LC-MS/MS data, the non-polar compounds in Fraction A and B include achillin, atractylenolide II, buthyl isobuthyl phthalate, rengyolester, 2a-acetoxycostic acid, ocotillol acetate, petasitolone and some unidentified compounds that are C33H58O4, C15H21NO, C21H33NO, and C16H20O4. In general, the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of all samples are in the weak category, however, when examined for each sample, the antioxidant properties of fraction B is slightly better than fraction A based on the IC50 value of DPPH and ABTS. Cytotoxicity of Fraction A is better than Fraction B against Breast Cancer cell lines MCF-7. The non-polar fraction of Nepthea sp. can be developed as raw material for the discovery of new compounds, antioxidant and anticancer agents, especially breast cancer.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Soft Coral Nepthea sp.","authors":"B. Sadarun, Nurisma Rahmatika, A. W. Yodha, A. Fristiohady, A. Sundowo, S. Baharum, I. Sahidin","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.29-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.29-36","url":null,"abstract":"Soft coral Nepthea sp. grows in the seas of South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of this genus is still limited. Therefore, this research aims to explore the chemical contents and biological activities of Nepthea sp. The sample was collected from the waters of Saponda Island by SCUBA diving. It was extracted by ethyl acetate and fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography. The chemical content was analyzed by phytochemical screening, LC-MS/MS analysis, Total Phenolics Content and Total Flavonoids Contents. Antioxidant potency was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Cytotoxicity property was analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. The result showed that the fractionation of Nepthea ethylacetate extracts produced six fractions (A-F). Fractions A and B contain non-polar compounds. Based on LC-MS/MS data, the non-polar compounds in Fraction A and B include achillin, atractylenolide II, buthyl isobuthyl phthalate, rengyolester, 2a-acetoxycostic acid, ocotillol acetate, petasitolone and some unidentified compounds that are C33H58O4, C15H21NO, C21H33NO, and C16H20O4. In general, the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of all samples are in the weak category, however, when examined for each sample, the antioxidant properties of fraction B is slightly better than fraction A based on the IC50 value of DPPH and ABTS. Cytotoxicity of Fraction A is better than Fraction B against Breast Cancer cell lines MCF-7. The non-polar fraction of Nepthea sp. can be developed as raw material for the discovery of new compounds, antioxidant and anticancer agents, especially breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87958615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.13-19
I. Kesaulya, Delta R. Rumohoira, A. Saravanakumar
This study examines the first occurrence of non-toxic dinoflagellate blooming of Gonyaulax polygramma and Chaetoceros sp in Ambon Bay that occurred for almost three weeks in January 2019 and it caused the watercolor became red brown. The objective of this study was to identified phytoplankton species and their abundance that cause red tide in the Inner Ambon bay. Phytoplankton samples were collected, temperature, salinity and Secchi depth were measured simultaneously on the 11th and 21st January 2019 (nortwest monsoon) at fifteen sampling stations in Inner Ambon Bay. The results show that the maximum abundance of Gonyaulax polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens were found in the greatest concentration up to 20×109, 9.0x106, 5.8x106 and 3.8x105 cells.L-1, respectively. They were found either in the form of a single cell or in chains. The very high abundance of cells of those species made the waters become red brown but there was no reports of fish killed during this red tide phenomena. This is the first time report of blooming phytoplankton Gonyaulax polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens occurred in Ambon bay during the dry season where the recorded waters temperature and salinity ranged from 30-32ºC and 29-33 psu, respectively and the secchi depths ranged from 2 to 6m.
{"title":"The Abundance of Gonyaulax polygramma and Chaetoceros sp. Causing Blooming in Ambon Bay, Maluku","authors":"I. Kesaulya, Delta R. Rumohoira, A. Saravanakumar","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.13-19","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the first occurrence of non-toxic dinoflagellate blooming of Gonyaulax polygramma and Chaetoceros sp in Ambon Bay that occurred for almost three weeks in January 2019 and it caused the watercolor became red brown. The objective of this study was to identified phytoplankton species and their abundance that cause red tide in the Inner Ambon bay. Phytoplankton samples were collected, temperature, salinity and Secchi depth were measured simultaneously on the 11th and 21st January 2019 (nortwest monsoon) at fifteen sampling stations in Inner Ambon Bay. The results show that the maximum abundance of Gonyaulax polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens were found in the greatest concentration up to 20×109, 9.0x106, 5.8x106 and 3.8x105 cells.L-1, respectively. They were found either in the form of a single cell or in chains. The very high abundance of cells of those species made the waters become red brown but there was no reports of fish killed during this red tide phenomena. This is the first time report of blooming phytoplankton Gonyaulax polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens occurred in Ambon bay during the dry season where the recorded waters temperature and salinity ranged from 30-32ºC and 29-33 psu, respectively and the secchi depths ranged from 2 to 6m.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89120006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.151-158
M. Hudatwi, D. Wijayanti, A. Ambariyanto, M. Hidaka
The specificity of the relationship between cnidarian hosts and symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) differs among host species. Some cnidarian hosts can establish symbiotic relationship with various types of zooxanthellae, while others exhibit high fidelity to specific symbiont type. It is not known how compatibility or specificity of the relationship is determined. We hypothesized that some cnidarian hosts select symbiont type that leads to highest fitness when the host is flexible with symbiont type and more than one types of symbionts are available. As a first step to study this possibility, compatibility of clonal polyps of Cassiopea sp. with six strains of cultured zooxanthellae and the fitness of the host associated with different types of symbionts were studied. Polyp diameter was measured and the number of asexual buds were calculated as a measure of host fitness. The number of zooxanthellae in host and in asexual buds was also measured as a measure of symbiont fitness. Three strains KB8 (clade A), Y106 (clade A), and K100 (clade B) were compatible with the Cassiopea polyps, while other three strains, Y103 (clade C), K111 (clade D), and K102 (clade F) were incompatible. No clear difference in the fitness was found among the polyps inoculated with compatible and incompatible symbiont strains. In one experiment, a compatible strain Y106 seemed to decrease host fitness, but this should be checked by further studies. This study suggests that feeding regimes and long observation period might be important when fitness of hosts associated with different types of symbionts is investigated.
{"title":"Fitness of Cassiopea polyps Inoculated with Different Types of Symbionts","authors":"M. Hudatwi, D. Wijayanti, A. Ambariyanto, M. Hidaka","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.151-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.151-158","url":null,"abstract":"The specificity of the relationship between cnidarian hosts and symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) differs among host species. Some cnidarian hosts can establish symbiotic relationship with various types of zooxanthellae, while others exhibit high fidelity to specific symbiont type. It is not known how compatibility or specificity of the relationship is determined. We hypothesized that some cnidarian hosts select symbiont type that leads to highest fitness when the host is flexible with symbiont type and more than one types of symbionts are available. As a first step to study this possibility, compatibility of clonal polyps of Cassiopea sp. with six strains of cultured zooxanthellae and the fitness of the host associated with different types of symbionts were studied. Polyp diameter was measured and the number of asexual buds were calculated as a measure of host fitness. The number of zooxanthellae in host and in asexual buds was also measured as a measure of symbiont fitness. Three strains KB8 (clade A), Y106 (clade A), and K100 (clade B) were compatible with the Cassiopea polyps, while other three strains, Y103 (clade C), K111 (clade D), and K102 (clade F) were incompatible. No clear difference in the fitness was found among the polyps inoculated with compatible and incompatible symbiont strains. In one experiment, a compatible strain Y106 seemed to decrease host fitness, but this should be checked by further studies. This study suggests that feeding regimes and long observation period might be important when fitness of hosts associated with different types of symbionts is investigated.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80512550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.169-180
Ghinarrahmi Afiyatillah, S. Sulistiono, S. Hariyadi, C. P. Simanjuntak, E. Riani, R. Rostika, S. Kleinertz
Waste from industrial activities can be a source of pollution for the waters of Banten Bay. One source of these pollutants are heavy metals. High concentrations of heavy metals in waters can pollute the aquatic environment, endangering all organisms. Heavy metals can accumulate in aquatic environments and living organisms such as fish. The greenback mullet Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) is known as a fish for human consumption. Heavy metals that are contained in mullets can move to a higher trophic level within the food chain and endanger the health of humans. This study aims to analyze the accumulation of heavy metals, such as Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu, in the flesh of greenback mullets at Bojonegara Waters of Banten Bay. The research was carried out for five months (August - October 2020 and March - April 2021). Samplings were taken from Terate River and Wadas River, which are mullet fishing areas and natural habitats of these mullets. Data analysis consisted of descriptive and quantitative analyses. The results showed that the Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu contents were below the quality standards based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (PP RI) No. 22 of 2021. The greenback mullets have experienced a moderate accumulation rate. The different rates of Cu metal accumulation in each month indicate a variation in catches with low to moderate accumulation rates. The water conditions in Bojonegara can still be seen as tolerable and still suitable for mullets usable for human consumption in a reasonable amount. Monitoring and evaluation activities need to be carried out periodically for the management of the aquatic environment in Bojonegara.
{"title":"Heavy Metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu) in Greenback Mullets (Planiliza subviridis Valenciennes, 1836) from Bojonegara coastal waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia","authors":"Ghinarrahmi Afiyatillah, S. Sulistiono, S. Hariyadi, C. P. Simanjuntak, E. Riani, R. Rostika, S. Kleinertz","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.169-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.169-180","url":null,"abstract":"Waste from industrial activities can be a source of pollution for the waters of Banten Bay. One source of these pollutants are heavy metals. High concentrations of heavy metals in waters can pollute the aquatic environment, endangering all organisms. Heavy metals can accumulate in aquatic environments and living organisms such as fish. The greenback mullet Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) is known as a fish for human consumption. Heavy metals that are contained in mullets can move to a higher trophic level within the food chain and endanger the health of humans. This study aims to analyze the accumulation of heavy metals, such as Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu, in the flesh of greenback mullets at Bojonegara Waters of Banten Bay. The research was carried out for five months (August - October 2020 and March - April 2021). Samplings were taken from Terate River and Wadas River, which are mullet fishing areas and natural habitats of these mullets. Data analysis consisted of descriptive and quantitative analyses. The results showed that the Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu contents were below the quality standards based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (PP RI) No. 22 of 2021. The greenback mullets have experienced a moderate accumulation rate. The different rates of Cu metal accumulation in each month indicate a variation in catches with low to moderate accumulation rates. The water conditions in Bojonegara can still be seen as tolerable and still suitable for mullets usable for human consumption in a reasonable amount. Monitoring and evaluation activities need to be carried out periodically for the management of the aquatic environment in Bojonegara.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89451765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-08DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.141-150
Berri Miraz Kholipah Rahman, W. Mawardi, M. Sondita, C. Proctor
Tuna-fishing boats based at the Cilacap Oceanic Fishing Port are potential contributors to marine debris in the Indian Ocean. Without a quantitative assessment of the types and amount of debris, port management cannot develop a strategy to address this problem. This study estimated the quantities of plastics and cartons disposed of by these fisheries in the Indian Ocean. Data were collected through observations and interviews with boat managers/owners or fishermen in the port, from August to November 2019, to evaluate the boat supplies loaded on board in the port and the waste returned to the port. The marine disposal per fishing trip (the difference between the quantity of supplies taken to sea and the quantity of waste returned to port) was calculated for 89 trips of gillnet and longline boats, for a size range of 20 to 90 GT. There was no at-sea disposal of used engine oil, rice plastic sacks, styrofoam boxes, nor plastic gallon bottles. Other plastics and cartons from consumable packaging were disposed of at sea. The estimates of the plastic waste disposed were 0.8-4.4 kg.boat-1.trip-1 or 2,143-12,024 pieces.boat-1.trip-1 while the estimates of the cartons disposed were 3.5-19.4 kg.boat-1.trip-1 or 203-1,140 pieces.boat-1.trip-1. The study concluded that fishers could easily keep the waste onboard for disposal on return to port. In addition, port management should initiate a system in which the amounts of waste returned to boats returning to port are considered in granting future port clearance to those boats.
{"title":"Estimation of Plastic and Other Waste Disposed of by Longline and Gillnet Fleets Operating from Cilacap","authors":"Berri Miraz Kholipah Rahman, W. Mawardi, M. Sondita, C. Proctor","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.141-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.141-150","url":null,"abstract":"Tuna-fishing boats based at the Cilacap Oceanic Fishing Port are potential contributors to marine debris in the Indian Ocean. Without a quantitative assessment of the types and amount of debris, port management cannot develop a strategy to address this problem. This study estimated the quantities of plastics and cartons disposed of by these fisheries in the Indian Ocean. Data were collected through observations and interviews with boat managers/owners or fishermen in the port, from August to November 2019, to evaluate the boat supplies loaded on board in the port and the waste returned to the port. The marine disposal per fishing trip (the difference between the quantity of supplies taken to sea and the quantity of waste returned to port) was calculated for 89 trips of gillnet and longline boats, for a size range of 20 to 90 GT. There was no at-sea disposal of used engine oil, rice plastic sacks, styrofoam boxes, nor plastic gallon bottles. Other plastics and cartons from consumable packaging were disposed of at sea. The estimates of the plastic waste disposed were 0.8-4.4 kg.boat-1.trip-1 or 2,143-12,024 pieces.boat-1.trip-1 while the estimates of the cartons disposed were 3.5-19.4 kg.boat-1.trip-1 or 203-1,140 pieces.boat-1.trip-1. The study concluded that fishers could easily keep the waste onboard for disposal on return to port. In addition, port management should initiate a system in which the amounts of waste returned to boats returning to port are considered in granting future port clearance to those boats.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91308267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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