Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.20-28
R. Adharini, T. R. Yuniarga, Nindya Larasaty Prasetya, F. Rachman
Seagrass is an aquatic biota that is ecologically and economically beneficial. This study aims to determine the community structure of seagrass in Harapan Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia. The research was conducted using purposive sampling method, that divided into two sites which is considered to represent the ecology’s condition of Harapan Island. The site 1 was located adjacent to the mangroves area, while the site 2 was placed near a reclamation development and ship anchoring. Every site had three subsites as replications, each was 50 meters apart. Water parameters temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth, and organic compound of each site were measured. The results showed that coverage of seagrass in site 2 is higher than site 1 that categorized as frequent-common coverage. The site 2 had the density of 220 individuals seagrass per square meter that dominated by Cymodocea rotundata. The highest diversity index was found in the site 1 at 1.15, with the lowest dominance index being 0.39. The distribution pattern in site 1 is clustered and uniform, while site 2 is uniform. The Importance Value Index in site 1 was 114,8 by Halodule uninervis, while site 2 was 125,5 by C. rotundata. It is thought that the low diversity of seagrass at the site 2 due to it was near a reclamation development and ship anchoring that disturb the abundance and community structure of seagrass in Harapan Island. Habitat destruction and anthropogenic impact of seagrass need to be minimized to support environmental coastal and fisheries sustainability.
{"title":"Community Structure of Seagrass in Harapan Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia","authors":"R. Adharini, T. R. Yuniarga, Nindya Larasaty Prasetya, F. Rachman","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.20-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.20-28","url":null,"abstract":"Seagrass is an aquatic biota that is ecologically and economically beneficial. This study aims to determine the community structure of seagrass in Harapan Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia. The research was conducted using purposive sampling method, that divided into two sites which is considered to represent the ecology’s condition of Harapan Island. The site 1 was located adjacent to the mangroves area, while the site 2 was placed near a reclamation development and ship anchoring. Every site had three subsites as replications, each was 50 meters apart. Water parameters temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth, and organic compound of each site were measured. The results showed that coverage of seagrass in site 2 is higher than site 1 that categorized as frequent-common coverage. The site 2 had the density of 220 individuals seagrass per square meter that dominated by Cymodocea rotundata. The highest diversity index was found in the site 1 at 1.15, with the lowest dominance index being 0.39. The distribution pattern in site 1 is clustered and uniform, while site 2 is uniform. The Importance Value Index in site 1 was 114,8 by Halodule uninervis, while site 2 was 125,5 by C. rotundata. It is thought that the low diversity of seagrass at the site 2 due to it was near a reclamation development and ship anchoring that disturb the abundance and community structure of seagrass in Harapan Island. Habitat destruction and anthropogenic impact of seagrass need to be minimized to support environmental coastal and fisheries sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85211962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.1-12
B. Subhan, D. Bengen, S. Ferse, Fauzan Dzulfannazhir, Luzmi Malia Izza, N. P. Anggraini, P. Santoso, D. Arafat, L. M. I. Sani, H. Madduppa
Clavularia inflata was first described from Ternate Island, Indonesia in 1896 and later reported appeared from Japan and Taiwan in 1953.Clavularia (Blainville 1830) soft corals exhibit complex morphological traits that are difficult to differentiate, thus complicating their identification. DNA barcoding has been envisioned and actively pushed as a credible method for assigning unidentified specimens to known species by comparison to a molecular reference data database. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use molecular methods to confirm the identity of 25 colonies taken from 13 Indonesian coral reef sites and putatively identified as Clavularia inflata. All specimens were identified as Clavularia inflata molecularly using the mitochondrial DNA mtMuts gene. Although a comparison of the nucleotide base chains to Genbank data indicates that the samples belong to a single species, two clades in the phylogenetic tree and data from the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) indicate that there are two major groups of C. inflata in Indonesia, implying cryptic species.
{"title":"DNA barcoding of the soft coral, Clavularia inflata, shows two major groups across Indonesian coral reefs","authors":"B. Subhan, D. Bengen, S. Ferse, Fauzan Dzulfannazhir, Luzmi Malia Izza, N. P. Anggraini, P. Santoso, D. Arafat, L. M. I. Sani, H. Madduppa","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.1.1-12","url":null,"abstract":"Clavularia inflata was first described from Ternate Island, Indonesia in 1896 and later reported appeared from Japan and Taiwan in 1953.Clavularia (Blainville 1830) soft corals exhibit complex morphological traits that are difficult to differentiate, thus complicating their identification. DNA barcoding has been envisioned and actively pushed as a credible method for assigning unidentified specimens to known species by comparison to a molecular reference data database. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use molecular methods to confirm the identity of 25 colonies taken from 13 Indonesian coral reef sites and putatively identified as Clavularia inflata. All specimens were identified as Clavularia inflata molecularly using the mitochondrial DNA mtMuts gene. Although a comparison of the nucleotide base chains to Genbank data indicates that the samples belong to a single species, two clades in the phylogenetic tree and data from the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) indicate that there are two major groups of C. inflata in Indonesia, implying cryptic species.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85992100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.247-253
Awalina Choirunnisa Rachmawati, Anggara Mahardika, Djohan Djohan, A. Susanto, B. B. Andriana
Plastic waste has threatens the environment and affect to the economic and tourism sectors, marine life, coastal ecosystems and human health. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) states that 85% of waste in the oceans is plastic. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry also noted that Indonesia experienced an increase in plastic waste from 14% in 2013 to 16% in 2016. By 2020 the volume of plastic waste in Indonesia predicted to reach 67.8 million tons. Plastic waste takes 100-500 years to completely decompose. An alternative solution is to involve microorganisms to decompose plastic polymers. However, plastic waste reducing bacteria isolated from coastal ecosystem has not been much explored. In this study, an exploration of natural bacteria that degrades plastic waste from coastal ecosystems is carried out. Plastic samples were collected from the Marina Beach Semarang, Central Java. Plastic samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm in three coastal ecosystems: coastal sand sediments, rocks and mangroves. Samples then isolated and screened to obtain bacteria that have the potential to degrade polyethylene. Selected bacteria were identified by biochemical physiology according to the method of Cappuccino and Sherman and classified to genus level according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The results showed that three genera of bacteria had high polyethylene degradation potential with the speed of degradation: Enterobacteriaceae 0.0091%; Moraxella spp. 0.0066%; and Pseudomonas spp. 0.0076% per week.
塑料废物威胁着环境，影响着经济和旅游部门、海洋生物、沿海生态系统和人类健康。世界自然基金会(WWF)表示，海洋中85%的垃圾是塑料。印尼环境和林业部还指出，印尼的塑料垃圾从2013年的14%增加到2016年的16%。到2020年，印尼的塑料垃圾总量预计将达到6780万吨。塑料垃圾需要100-500年才能完全分解。另一种解决方案是利用微生物来分解塑料聚合物。然而，从沿海生态系统中分离出的塑料废物减少细菌尚未得到很多探索。在这项研究中，对降解沿海生态系统中塑料废物的天然细菌进行了探索。在中爪哇三宝垄滨海海滩收集了塑料样本。塑料样本取自3个沿海生态系统0-10厘米的深度:海岸沙质沉积物、岩石和红树林。然后对样品进行分离和筛选，以获得有可能降解聚乙烯的细菌。根据卡布奇诺(Cappuccino)和谢尔曼(Sherman)的方法对所选细菌进行生化生理学鉴定，并根据《Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology》和《Bergey’s Manual of Systematic bacterology》进行属级分类。结果表明，3种细菌具有较高的聚乙烯降解潜力，降解速度为:肠杆菌科为0.0091%;莫拉菌0.0066%;假单胞菌为0.0076%。
{"title":"Exploration of Plastic-Degrading Bacteria From Marina Beach, Semarang, Central Java","authors":"Awalina Choirunnisa Rachmawati, Anggara Mahardika, Djohan Djohan, A. Susanto, B. B. Andriana","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.247-253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.247-253","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic waste has threatens the environment and affect to the economic and tourism sectors, marine life, coastal ecosystems and human health. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) states that 85% of waste in the oceans is plastic. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry also noted that Indonesia experienced an increase in plastic waste from 14% in 2013 to 16% in 2016. By 2020 the volume of plastic waste in Indonesia predicted to reach 67.8 million tons. Plastic waste takes 100-500 years to completely decompose. An alternative solution is to involve microorganisms to decompose plastic polymers. However, plastic waste reducing bacteria isolated from coastal ecosystem has not been much explored. In this study, an exploration of natural bacteria that degrades plastic waste from coastal ecosystems is carried out. Plastic samples were collected from the Marina Beach Semarang, Central Java. Plastic samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm in three coastal ecosystems: coastal sand sediments, rocks and mangroves. Samples then isolated and screened to obtain bacteria that have the potential to degrade polyethylene. Selected bacteria were identified by biochemical physiology according to the method of Cappuccino and Sherman and classified to genus level according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The results showed that three genera of bacteria had high polyethylene degradation potential with the speed of degradation: Enterobacteriaceae 0.0091%; Moraxella spp. 0.0066%; and Pseudomonas spp. 0.0076% per week.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79143417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.254-264
N. Azhar, E. Yudiati, S. Subagiyo, R. Alghazeer
Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi have been found in aquatic environments and suspected as the primary trigger of WFD (White Feces Disease) outbreaks in aquaculture. This Vibrio spp. has an antibiotic resistance to Ampicillin, Co-Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Actinobacteria and Ciprofloxacin HCL. Actinobacteria and alginate have been reported to increase the marine biota resistance against diseases through prebiotic and probiotic mechanisms. This study aims to discover and increase the secondary metabolite production of Actinobacteria-Alginate and its ability as anti-vibrio. Alginate extraction in the samples dated September 2020 originally from Teluk Awur Bays, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia (33.73±1.84%) was considerably higher than in May 2021 (22.67±0.3%). Samples were taken from sediment and mangrove root. Actinobacteria strains are macroscopically and microscopically similar to the genus Streptomyces. The most well-known antibiotics were produced by Streptomyces spp. The anti-vibrio test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The results were observed by measuring the inhibition zone surrounding the paper disc using a digital calliper. Co-culture strain 90 together with alginate have an approved antibacterial activity against all Vibrio spp. in the concentration of 10.disc-1 mg and 5 mg.disc-1. Co-culture Actinobacteria with alginate has remarkably changed the green-yellow color to olive green/dark red-orange (strains 3, 62, 63, 72, and 90), indicating the transformation of the formation alginate with pigments into other compounds through the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, alginate enables to support of Actinobacteria by induction the active secondary metabolite as an anti-vibrio to counteract the bacterial pathogen diseases.
{"title":"Producing Active Secondary Metabolite Against Pathogenic Vibrio spp. by Actinobacteria-Sodium Alginate Co-Culture","authors":"N. Azhar, E. Yudiati, S. Subagiyo, R. Alghazeer","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.254-264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.254-264","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi have been found in aquatic environments and suspected as the primary trigger of WFD (White Feces Disease) outbreaks in aquaculture. This Vibrio spp. has an antibiotic resistance to Ampicillin, Co-Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Actinobacteria and Ciprofloxacin HCL. Actinobacteria and alginate have been reported to increase the marine biota resistance against diseases through prebiotic and probiotic mechanisms. This study aims to discover and increase the secondary metabolite production of Actinobacteria-Alginate and its ability as anti-vibrio. Alginate extraction in the samples dated September 2020 originally from Teluk Awur Bays, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia (33.73±1.84%) was considerably higher than in May 2021 (22.67±0.3%). Samples were taken from sediment and mangrove root. Actinobacteria strains are macroscopically and microscopically similar to the genus Streptomyces. The most well-known antibiotics were produced by Streptomyces spp. The anti-vibrio test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The results were observed by measuring the inhibition zone surrounding the paper disc using a digital calliper. Co-culture strain 90 together with alginate have an approved antibacterial activity against all Vibrio spp. in the concentration of 10.disc-1 mg and 5 mg.disc-1. Co-culture Actinobacteria with alginate has remarkably changed the green-yellow color to olive green/dark red-orange (strains 3, 62, 63, 72, and 90), indicating the transformation of the formation alginate with pigments into other compounds through the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, alginate enables to support of Actinobacteria by induction the active secondary metabolite as an anti-vibrio to counteract the bacterial pathogen diseases.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88031612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.237-246
P. A. Widyananto, S. Muchlissin, A. Sabdono, B. Yulianto, F. Hamid, O. Radjasa
Polyethylene is a plastic material that was globally produced and is well known as a non-degradable pollutant product. Plastic pollution, primarily microplastics, have been distributed to coral reef ecosystems, where these areas are ecosystems with high productivity. Karimunjawa National Park in Indonesia is one of the protected areas for coral reef ecosystem habitat in Central Java, threatened by microplastic contamination. Recent studies have shown that coral-associated bacteria have an adequate ability to degrade marine pollutant materials. No one has reported that the use of indigenous coral-associated bacteria has the potential for microplastic biodegradation, especially low-density polyethylene microplastic materials. Hence, the objective of this study was to find the potential of microplastic biodegradation agents derived from coral-associated bacteria in Karimunjawa National Park area. Various coral life-forms were isolated in July 2020 from conservation areas and areas with anthropogenic influences. Bacterial isolates were screened using tributyrin and polycaprolactone as substrates to reveal potential microplastic degradation enzymes. The total isolation results obtained 92 bacterial isolates, and then from the result of enzyme screening, there were 7 active bacteria and only 1 bacteria that potential to degrade polyethylene. LBC 1 showed that strain could degrade by 2.25±0.0684 % low-density polyethylene microplastic pellet by incubating bacterial growth until the stationary phase. Identification of LBC 1 strain was carried out by extracting DNA and bacterial 16S rRNA sequences. Bacterial gene identification refers to Bacillus paramycoides with a similarity level in the National Center Biotechnology Information database of 99.44%. These results prove that hard coral association bacteria can degrade low-density polyethylene microplastics.
{"title":"Biodegradation of Polyethylene Microplastic using Culturable Coral-Associated Bacteria Isolated from Corals of Karimunjawa National Park","authors":"P. A. Widyananto, S. Muchlissin, A. Sabdono, B. Yulianto, F. Hamid, O. Radjasa","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.237-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.237-246","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene is a plastic material that was globally produced and is well known as a non-degradable pollutant product. Plastic pollution, primarily microplastics, have been distributed to coral reef ecosystems, where these areas are ecosystems with high productivity. Karimunjawa National Park in Indonesia is one of the protected areas for coral reef ecosystem habitat in Central Java, threatened by microplastic contamination. Recent studies have shown that coral-associated bacteria have an adequate ability to degrade marine pollutant materials. No one has reported that the use of indigenous coral-associated bacteria has the potential for microplastic biodegradation, especially low-density polyethylene microplastic materials. Hence, the objective of this study was to find the potential of microplastic biodegradation agents derived from coral-associated bacteria in Karimunjawa National Park area. Various coral life-forms were isolated in July 2020 from conservation areas and areas with anthropogenic influences. Bacterial isolates were screened using tributyrin and polycaprolactone as substrates to reveal potential microplastic degradation enzymes. The total isolation results obtained 92 bacterial isolates, and then from the result of enzyme screening, there were 7 active bacteria and only 1 bacteria that potential to degrade polyethylene. LBC 1 showed that strain could degrade by 2.25±0.0684 % low-density polyethylene microplastic pellet by incubating bacterial growth until the stationary phase. Identification of LBC 1 strain was carried out by extracting DNA and bacterial 16S rRNA sequences. Bacterial gene identification refers to Bacillus paramycoides with a similarity level in the National Center Biotechnology Information database of 99.44%. These results prove that hard coral association bacteria can degrade low-density polyethylene microplastics.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88480649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.215--224
T. H. Brotosudarmo, E. Setiyono, K. Awai, D. Pringgenies
Currently, there are only six species in the genus Seonamhaeicola, i.e., Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis, S. algicola, S. marinus, S. acroporae, S. maritimus, and S. sediminis. These bacteria have typical yellow or orange color. Among the identified strains, only S. marinus that had been reported to have a yellow polyene flexirubin pigment. However, the presence of carotenoid pigments has not been reported in this genus. Recently, we successfully isolated a new strain, S. algicola strain CC1, bacterium that was found in association with a red seaweed, Halymenia sp., collected from the coast of South Malang, Indonesia. The strain was grown well in the Zobell marine agar 2216E producing yellowish pigments. According to the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and BLAST search, the strain is closely related to S. algicola strain Gy8, with 99.78% identity. The pigment composition was separated and analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) and the strain was found to produce zeaxanthin as the major component, which appeared at a retention time (tR) of 28.89 min, showing a typical mass spectrum with a molecular ion at m/z 568.5 [M]+ and four product ions at m/z 261.4 [M−307]+, 476.6 [M−92]+, 429.3 [M−139]+, and 536.5 [M− 32]+. Other carotenoids, including zeaxanthin cis isomers, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene cis isomer, and β-carotene, are as minor components. The novel and noteworthy finding of this report is the identification of a Seonamhaeicola species that produces carotenoids and can be used as a source of zeaxanthin.
{"title":"Marine bacterium Seonamhaeicola algicola strain CC1 as a potential source for the antioxidant carotenoid, zeaxanthin","authors":"T. H. Brotosudarmo, E. Setiyono, K. Awai, D. Pringgenies","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.215--224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.215--224","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there are only six species in the genus Seonamhaeicola, i.e., Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis, S. algicola, S. marinus, S. acroporae, S. maritimus, and S. sediminis. These bacteria have typical yellow or orange color. Among the identified strains, only S. marinus that had been reported to have a yellow polyene flexirubin pigment. However, the presence of carotenoid pigments has not been reported in this genus. Recently, we successfully isolated a new strain, S. algicola strain CC1, bacterium that was found in association with a red seaweed, Halymenia sp., collected from the coast of South Malang, Indonesia. The strain was grown well in the Zobell marine agar 2216E producing yellowish pigments. According to the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and BLAST search, the strain is closely related to S. algicola strain Gy8, with 99.78% identity. The pigment composition was separated and analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) and the strain was found to produce zeaxanthin as the major component, which appeared at a retention time (tR) of 28.89 min, showing a typical mass spectrum with a molecular ion at m/z 568.5 [M]+ and four product ions at m/z 261.4 [M−307]+, 476.6 [M−92]+, 429.3 [M−139]+, and 536.5 [M− 32]+. Other carotenoids, including zeaxanthin cis isomers, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene cis isomer, and β-carotene, are as minor components. The novel and noteworthy finding of this report is the identification of a Seonamhaeicola species that produces carotenoids and can be used as a source of zeaxanthin.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75167295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.225-236
M. R. Iskandar, A. Purwandana, D. Surinati, Wang-gang Zheng
Halmahera Sea is one of the locations in the eastern route of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), where high salinity water is mainly transported by the ITF. The description of water mass in the Halmahera Sea from the perspective of water mass, and related mixing is important. It is not only useful for understanding water mass features, but it can also be used to determine the strength of the turbulent mixing, and so allow how it relates to the water transformation. Here, we report the water mass properties and estimation of mixing quantities in the Halmahera Sea from the CTD profiles based on recent onboard observations during the IOCAS cruise in November 2016. The water mass analysis was done by examining the characteristics of water types in the Temperature-Salinity (T-S) diagram. The mixing estimation uses the density profile derived from temperature and salinity profiles and the quantification of vertical turbulence observed by density overturn. Halmahera Sea is to be found as the location where the thermocline salinity changes abruptly, it is shown from the erosion of salinity maximum in the density of 22-26σθ decreased from the north to the south of the basin. It is associated with strong mixing with spots of higher vertical diffusivity in the thermocline and intermediate layer. In the upper layer, the mixed layer depth in the Halmahera Sea is relatively shallow with an average of about 16.95 m and it is associated with weak wind stress during this month.
{"title":"Observed features of the water masses in the Halmahera Sea in November 2016","authors":"M. R. Iskandar, A. Purwandana, D. Surinati, Wang-gang Zheng","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.225-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.225-236","url":null,"abstract":"Halmahera Sea is one of the locations in the eastern route of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), where high salinity water is mainly transported by the ITF. The description of water mass in the Halmahera Sea from the perspective of water mass, and related mixing is important. It is not only useful for understanding water mass features, but it can also be used to determine the strength of the turbulent mixing, and so allow how it relates to the water transformation. Here, we report the water mass properties and estimation of mixing quantities in the Halmahera Sea from the CTD profiles based on recent onboard observations during the IOCAS cruise in November 2016. The water mass analysis was done by examining the characteristics of water types in the Temperature-Salinity (T-S) diagram. The mixing estimation uses the density profile derived from temperature and salinity profiles and the quantification of vertical turbulence observed by density overturn. Halmahera Sea is to be found as the location where the thermocline salinity changes abruptly, it is shown from the erosion of salinity maximum in the density of 22-26σθ decreased from the north to the south of the basin. It is associated with strong mixing with spots of higher vertical diffusivity in the thermocline and intermediate layer. In the upper layer, the mixed layer depth in the Halmahera Sea is relatively shallow with an average of about 16.95 m and it is associated with weak wind stress during this month.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74177812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.207-214
A. Azizah, D. C. R. Novitasari, Putroue Keumala Intan, F. Setiawan, Ghaluh Indah Permata Sari
Salinity is the level of salt dissolved in water. The salinity level of seawater can affect the hydrological balance and climate change. The salinity level of seawater in each area varies depending on the influencing factors, that is evaporation and precipitation (rainfall). One way to find out the salinity level is by taking seawater samples, which requires a long time and costs a lot. In this study, the salinity level of seawater can be predicted by utilizing time series data patterns from evaporation and precipitation using artificial neural network learning, namely the backpropagation neural network. The evaporation and precipitation data used were derived from the ECMWF dataset, while the salinity data were derived from NOAA where each data was taken at the coordinate point of 9,625 113,625 in the south of Java island. Seawater salinity, evaporation, and precipitation data were formed into a 7-day time series data. This study conducted several backpropagation architectural experiments, that is the learning rate, hidden layer, and the number of nodes in the hidden layer to obtain the best results. The results of the seawater salinity prediction were obtained at a MAPE value of 2.063% with a model architecture using 14 input layers, 2 hidden layers with 10 nodes and 2 nodes, 1 output layer, and a learning rate of 0.7. Predicted sea water salinity data ranging from 33 to 35 ppt. Therefore, the prediction system for seawater salinity using the backpropagation method can be said to be good in providing information about the salinity level of sea water on the island of Java.
{"title":"Prediction of Salinity Based on Meteorological Data Using the Backpropagation Neural Network Method","authors":"A. Azizah, D. C. R. Novitasari, Putroue Keumala Intan, F. Setiawan, Ghaluh Indah Permata Sari","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.207-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.207-214","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is the level of salt dissolved in water. The salinity level of seawater can affect the hydrological balance and climate change. The salinity level of seawater in each area varies depending on the influencing factors, that is evaporation and precipitation (rainfall). One way to find out the salinity level is by taking seawater samples, which requires a long time and costs a lot. In this study, the salinity level of seawater can be predicted by utilizing time series data patterns from evaporation and precipitation using artificial neural network learning, namely the backpropagation neural network. The evaporation and precipitation data used were derived from the ECMWF dataset, while the salinity data were derived from NOAA where each data was taken at the coordinate point of 9,625 113,625 in the south of Java island. Seawater salinity, evaporation, and precipitation data were formed into a 7-day time series data. This study conducted several backpropagation architectural experiments, that is the learning rate, hidden layer, and the number of nodes in the hidden layer to obtain the best results. The results of the seawater salinity prediction were obtained at a MAPE value of 2.063% with a model architecture using 14 input layers, 2 hidden layers with 10 nodes and 2 nodes, 1 output layer, and a learning rate of 0.7. Predicted sea water salinity data ranging from 33 to 35 ppt. Therefore, the prediction system for seawater salinity using the backpropagation method can be said to be good in providing information about the salinity level of sea water on the island of Java.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79344040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.173-181
A. Sartimbul, S. W. Ningtias, C. Dewi, Muhammad Arif Rahman, D. Yona, Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari, N. Hidayati
Banyuurip is one of the villages in Ujung Pangkah District which has potential natural resource that is mangrove forests. However, the occurrence of abrasion and conversion of mangrove land has impacted mangrove ecosystem. Rehabilitation efforts by replanting mangroves have been carried out, but they have not been effective in overcoming the current problems. The reduction of mangrove area that led the decreased of mangrove’s function can affect the livelihood of the local community, including fishermen. The installation of geosynthetic bags, which are sand-filled bags arranged on the ground, is done as an alternative solution in Banyuurip Village which functions as coastal protection and a sediment trap. The utilization of geosynthetic material is often used to help the coastal problem, the used of geosynthetic material is rarely carried out in mangrove areas. This study aims to determine the sediment characteristics, sedimentation rates, and sedimentation process based on the relationship between current velocity and sedimentation rate. The result shows that generally the type of sediment fraction in this location is silt (79,12% - 80,12%) and the rest is clay. The current installation of geosynthetic bags can result in the land extension from the trapped sediment behind the structure. In addition, the current velocity conditions and the sediment transport process also affect the sedimentation process that occurs. The average sedimentation rates around the geosynthetic bags installation area ranged from 150.72-305.01 mg.cm-2.day-1. This study may provide a basic information for further development in Banyuurip Mangrove Center and other mangrove conservation area.
{"title":"Monitoring of Sedimentation on Geosynthetic Bags Installation Area in Banyuurip Mangrove Center, Ujung Pangkah, Gresik, Indonesia","authors":"A. Sartimbul, S. W. Ningtias, C. Dewi, Muhammad Arif Rahman, D. Yona, Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari, N. Hidayati","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.173-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.173-181","url":null,"abstract":"Banyuurip is one of the villages in Ujung Pangkah District which has potential natural resource that is mangrove forests. However, the occurrence of abrasion and conversion of mangrove land has impacted mangrove ecosystem. Rehabilitation efforts by replanting mangroves have been carried out, but they have not been effective in overcoming the current problems. The reduction of mangrove area that led the decreased of mangrove’s function can affect the livelihood of the local community, including fishermen. The installation of geosynthetic bags, which are sand-filled bags arranged on the ground, is done as an alternative solution in Banyuurip Village which functions as coastal protection and a sediment trap. The utilization of geosynthetic material is often used to help the coastal problem, the used of geosynthetic material is rarely carried out in mangrove areas. This study aims to determine the sediment characteristics, sedimentation rates, and sedimentation process based on the relationship between current velocity and sedimentation rate. The result shows that generally the type of sediment fraction in this location is silt (79,12% - 80,12%) and the rest is clay. The current installation of geosynthetic bags can result in the land extension from the trapped sediment behind the structure. In addition, the current velocity conditions and the sediment transport process also affect the sedimentation process that occurs. The average sedimentation rates around the geosynthetic bags installation area ranged from 150.72-305.01 mg.cm-2.day-1. This study may provide a basic information for further development in Banyuurip Mangrove Center and other mangrove conservation area. ","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76932282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.189-196
P. Purwanto, D. Sugianto, M. Zainuri, G. Permatasari, Warsito Atmodjo, B. Rochaddi, A. Ismanto, P. Wetchayont, A. Wirasatriya
The previous studies have simulated the variability of the wave within the Indonesian seas which showed that the variability of wave follows the seasonal pattern. However, their analysis only consider the influence of local wind forcings. The bias and error of their simulated wave were also unclear. In the present study, we investigate the variability of wave within the Indonesian seas and its relation with the surface wind speed using the combination of reanalysis and remote sensing data with high accuracies. We split the analysis into swell and wind wave to obtain the influence of local and remote wind forcings. We show that at the inner seas (i.e., the South China Sea, Java Sea, Flores Sea, Banda Sea and Arafura Sea), the variability of significant wave height (SWH) is majorly influenced by the variability of the speed of monsoon wind. The maximum SWH during Northwest monsoon (NWM) season is located at the South China Sea while during Southeast monsoon (SEM) season is at Arafura Sea. This indicates that the wind wave (sea) is dominant at the inner seas. At the open seas (i.e., Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) the variability of SWH less corresponds to the the speed of monsoon wind. The remote wind forcings control the wave variability in the open ocean area. This indicates that swell is dominant at the open seas. In general, the magnitude of SWHswell is also more than SWHsea within the Indonesian seas.
{"title":"Seasonal Variability of Waves Within the Indonesian Seas and Its Relation With the Monsoon Wind","authors":"P. Purwanto, D. Sugianto, M. Zainuri, G. Permatasari, Warsito Atmodjo, B. Rochaddi, A. Ismanto, P. Wetchayont, A. Wirasatriya","doi":"10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.189-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.3.189-196","url":null,"abstract":"The previous studies have simulated the variability of the wave within the Indonesian seas which showed that the variability of wave follows the seasonal pattern. However, their analysis only consider the influence of local wind forcings. The bias and error of their simulated wave were also unclear. In the present study, we investigate the variability of wave within the Indonesian seas and its relation with the surface wind speed using the combination of reanalysis and remote sensing data with high accuracies. We split the analysis into swell and wind wave to obtain the influence of local and remote wind forcings. We show that at the inner seas (i.e., the South China Sea, Java Sea, Flores Sea, Banda Sea and Arafura Sea), the variability of significant wave height (SWH) is majorly influenced by the variability of the speed of monsoon wind. The maximum SWH during Northwest monsoon (NWM) season is located at the South China Sea while during Southeast monsoon (SEM) season is at Arafura Sea. This indicates that the wind wave (sea) is dominant at the inner seas. At the open seas (i.e., Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) the variability of SWH less corresponds to the the speed of monsoon wind. The remote wind forcings control the wave variability in the open ocean area. This indicates that swell is dominant at the open seas. In general, the magnitude of SWHswell is also more than SWHsea within the Indonesian seas.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84478998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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