Indian Journal of Dermatology最新文献

Background and justification: The cosmetic market is booming all over the world with 25% annual growth in every year. By the year 2025, it is expected that the turn over from the industry will cross 20 billion dollars. After beauty contests that are conducted from various levels and after IT boom in India, the demand and urge for cosmetics has increased among the youngsters. In this context, we have planned to conduct a study on Impact and Effect of cosmetics upon female medical students.

Objectives: 1. To assess the various cosmetics used for skin, hair and nail either daily or periodically. 2. To assess the effect of cosmetics on skin.

Methods: Study population: Female medical students from 2^nd year to CRMI were taken on comparing the usability of cosmetics. Sample size: Twenty-five students from each batches were included. Sampling procedures: A questionnaire on cosmetics usage was issued and the responses were collected. A examination of the skin, hair and nail was done at the end along with skin moisture content analysis. Analysis plan : Univariate analysis.

Results: Acne and scarring noticed among 42 students, atopic dermatitis, xerosis and ichthyosis among 22 students. Their cleansers were not addressed properly. Seborrhoeic dermatitis noticed among 8 students and brittle hair/dry scalp among 9 students whose hair cleansers, oil application practices and hair conditioning techniques were rectified.

Conclusion: In this study, we identified that medical students are also not exceptional for getting obsessed with online marketing, peer influence and irrational cosmetic usage. The adequate knowledge on cosmetics lack in many of our students. This grey area has to be addressed properly among medical students while teaching them.

Background: The currently reported prevalence of dermatophytosis (superficial mycoses) in India ranges from 6.09%-61.5%. Due to the rising cases of treatment failure, chronic recalcitrant disease, and frequent relapses, standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes has become important.

Aims and objectives: To determine the in vitro susceptibility profile of different isolates of dermatophytes to eight antifungal drugs by broth microdilution method.

Materials and methods: In total, 236 consecutive patients who were clinically suspected of suffering from dermatophytosis were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Nails, hair clippings, and skin scrapings were tested by the KOH mount and cultured on Sabouraud's agar medium (incubated at 25°C and 37°C) and dermatophyte test media. The dermatophytes isolated were identified based on the morphology of the colony growth as observed in the lacto phenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount, temperature tolerance, urease production, and in vitro hair perforation test. Antifungal susceptibility test was performed for dermatophytes against eight antifungal agents (terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, luliconazole, and posaconazole) using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method (M38-3^rd edition).

Results: Trichophyton rubrum was the most common dermatophyte species isolated in the study. Triazoles were found to have low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), except fluconazole, which showed very high MIC values with 55.2% isolates showing resistance (MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL). Luliconazole had the lowest MIC90 (0.003 μg/mL). There was a wide variation in the MIC values for terbinafine (0.06-16 μg/mL) and griseofulvin (0.125-8 μg/mL) with 13.1% and 52.6% of isolates showing resistance (MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL) to terbinafine and griseofulvin respectively.

Conclusion: The present study showcases the MIC values of eight anti-fungal drugs used for the treatment of different species of dermatophytes. It was observed that the commonly used antifungals such as fluconazole, griseofulvin, and terbinafine showed high MIC values compared to newer drugs such as luliconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole. More studies based on species distribution and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) should be performed to understand the changing epidemiology of dermatophytosis.

The skin which is a robust predictor of age-related diseases, undergoes morphological and physiological alterations, because of synergistic effects of Intrinsic or Chronological (Age-dependent decline of cell function) and Extrinsic (environmental insults) ageing factors. Ageing is a preordained process that can be determined as the collection of various deleterious changes in cells and tissues. Skin that ages as a consequence of the combination effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors is characterized by coarseness, wrinkling, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, burns and skin sagging. Despite the structural and pathophysiological differences, both types of ageing share several molecular similarities, with the emergence of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases induction reflecting as the key aspects of skin ageing. This review elucidates the skin ageing mechanism with a focus on the management of dermatologic ageing that includes treatment strategies and trends in the use of invasive procedures, and energy-based devices which are aimed at addressing skin ageing phenotypes.

Potassium iodide (KI) is a simple yet versatile drug. It has been successfully used for the treatment of various diseases in dermatology, but there are very limited studies on the exact mechanism of action, preparation, and dosage of potassium iodide, causing concerns regarding its toxicity. This article reviews the multimodal mechanism of action of KI and standardises the method of preparation of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) on an OPD basis. It also lists the existing and newer indications, optimal dosages, adverse effects, and contraindications of potassium iodide, thereby enabling the proper utilisation of this age-old remedy as a cost-effective yet safe treatment option for various inflammatory dermatoses, including panniculitis (erythema nodosum, erythema induratum, subacute nodular migratory panniculitis), Wegener's granulomatosis, granuloma annulare, Behcet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Potassium iodide is also used for fungal infections, including cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, cutaneous cryptococcosis, entomophthoramycosis, human pythiosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mucormycosis.

Introduction: Common warts are benign skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. They are often resistant to conventional treatments and may cause cosmetic and psychological distress. Immunotherapy is a promising alternative that stimulates the host immune system to clear the virus and the infected cells. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two immunotherapeutic agents, intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and intralesional vitamin D, in the treatment of common warts.

Methods: This was a single-blind randomised controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India. Patients aged 12 years or older with common warts were randomly assigned to receive either intralesional MMR vaccine or intralesional vitamin D every 3 weeks for a maximum of three doses or until complete resolution, whichever was earlier. The primary outcome was the reduction in the size of the largest wart. Secondary outcomes included patients' and physicians' global assessment, complete response rate, adverse effects, and recurrence rate.

Results: A total of 36 patients were enrolled and analysed. Both MMR and vitamin D groups showed a significant reduction in the size of the largest wart throughout the treatment period (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of size reduction, patients' and physicians' global assessment and adverse effects. The complete response rate was higher in the MMR group (64.7%) than in the vitamin D group (36.8%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.14). The recurrence rate was low in both groups (5.9% in the MMR group and 10.5% in the vitamin D group).

Conclusion: Both intralesional MMR vaccine and intralesional vitamin D are effective and safe immunotherapeutic options for the treatment of common warts. MMR vaccine may have a slight advantage over vitamin D in terms of complete response rate; however, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm this finding.

Vitiligo is a chronic disease characterised by the development of achromic macules brought on by the death of melanocytes. There are various approaches to address this malady. Many uncomplicated surgical procedures have been used to treat these patients in recent years and transplantation of autologous, non-cultured melanocytes constitutes one of them. Its enormous popularity among dermatologists was a result of numerous adjustments made over the years to make the process simpler and more affordable. Achieving success with this technique requires careful patient selection and strong technical abilities. The process of executing a non-cultured melanocyte-keratinocyte transfer is thoroughly described along with illustrations of cases where this treatment modality was adopted. This article emphasises on using a single use kit to perform melanocyte transfer and highlights its advantages over conventional practices.