In this paper, we present a GST-based wideband plasmonic switch. With the excitation of localised surface plasmons and concentration of electric field in the structure, a near-perfect and wideband absorption is achieved. The switch consists of a GST layer, which acts as a Fabry–Perot cavity. Increasing the temperature and changing the state of GST lead to a high difference between the absorption spectra in amorphous and crystalline states in a wide range of wavelength. Therefore, the switch has a high extinction ratio of 13.71 dB at the wavelength of 1343 nm. Also, the response time of the switch is obtained as 46 fs. The structure has near-perfect absorption up to the incident angle of about 20°. Moreover, due to the symmetry of structure, the absorption spectrum is independent of polarisation. To show the validity of simulation results, the analytical method of equivalent circuit model is presented. The proposed polarisation-insensitive switch with high extinction ratio, fast response time and wide bandwidth can be used in photodetectors, plasmonic modulators and logic gates.
{"title":"Plasmonic wideband GST-based switch in the near-infrared region","authors":"Saman Heidari, Najmeh Nozhat","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12073","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we present a GST-based wideband plasmonic switch. With the excitation of localised surface plasmons and concentration of electric field in the structure, a near-perfect and wideband absorption is achieved. The switch consists of a GST layer, which acts as a Fabry–Perot cavity. Increasing the temperature and changing the state of GST lead to a high difference between the absorption spectra in amorphous and crystalline states in a wide range of wavelength. Therefore, the switch has a high extinction ratio of 13.71 dB at the wavelength of 1343 nm. Also, the response time of the switch is obtained as 46 fs. The structure has near-perfect absorption up to the incident angle of about 20°. Moreover, due to the symmetry of structure, the absorption spectrum is independent of polarisation. To show the validity of simulation results, the analytical method of equivalent circuit model is presented. The proposed polarisation-insensitive switch with high extinction ratio, fast response time and wide bandwidth can be used in photodetectors, plasmonic modulators and logic gates.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 5","pages":"201-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48946410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zian Cheak Tiu, Sin Jin Tan, Muhamad Zharif Samion, Harith Ahmad, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Chee Leong Tan
In this work, all-optical polarisation state modulation using a tungsten disulfide (WS2) coated side-polished fibre (SPF) as modulator is experimentally demonstrated. A bulk layer WS2 is exfoliated into a few-layer WS2 thin film using liquid phase exfoliation technique. The few-layer WS2 film is then coated onto a SPF to serve as an optical polarisation state modulator based on the thermo-optic effect. The rotation of the polarised signal light is controlled using a pump laser. Throughout the pump power range of 514.5 mW, the polarisation state of the polarised signal light has rotated ∼70°, with a minor ellipticity fluctuation of <6°. The proposed experiment is carried out on the basis of the photon-modulate-photon principle and achieved all-optical modulation in a fibre laser system.
{"title":"Tungsten disulfide coated side-polished fibre as polarisation state modulator in all-optical system","authors":"Zian Cheak Tiu, Sin Jin Tan, Muhamad Zharif Samion, Harith Ahmad, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Chee Leong Tan","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12072","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, all-optical polarisation state modulation using a tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>) coated side-polished fibre (SPF) as modulator is experimentally demonstrated. A bulk layer WS<sub>2</sub> is exfoliated into a few-layer WS<sub>2</sub> thin film using liquid phase exfoliation technique. The few-layer WS<sub>2</sub> film is then coated onto a SPF to serve as an optical polarisation state modulator based on the thermo-optic effect. The rotation of the polarised signal light is controlled using a pump laser. Throughout the pump power range of 514.5 mW, the polarisation state of the polarised signal light has rotated ∼70°, with a minor ellipticity fluctuation of <6°. The proposed experiment is carried out on the basis of the photon-modulate-photon principle and achieved all-optical modulation in a fibre laser system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 5","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48644236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Ali Shameli, Mohammad Reza Eskandari, Reza Safian
In this paper, we proposed a new method to realize the rotational freedom of thin-film solar cells. In this method, an array of reconfigurable nano-patches fed by a plasmonic waveguide is integrated inside the solar cell to receive and trap light in the active layer. The reconfigurable nano-antenna is designed to achieve beam steering by bias voltage in the direction of sunlight during the day using 4-Dimethyl-Amino-N-methyl-4-Stilbazolium Tosylate as an active electro-optic material integrated into the plasmonic waveguide. The proposed solar cell is investigated using the finite-difference frequency-domain method and the drift-diffusion equations of COMSOL Multiphysics software at different wavelengths of light and a wide range of angles of incidence for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. The numerical results show increase in the absorption in large wavelengths of sunlight for the thin-film solar cell with nano-antenna, resulting in a short circuit current enhancement of 1.48 and 1.45 for TE and TM polarisations, respectively. Also, another advantage of the proposed reconfigurable structure is maintaining the performance in different angles of incidence, which may open up a new opportunity in solar energy harvesting.
本文提出了一种实现薄膜太阳能电池旋转自由的新方法。在这种方法中,由等离子波导提供的可重构纳米贴片阵列集成在太阳能电池内部,以接收和捕获有源层中的光。可重构纳米天线的设计目的是利用4-二甲基-氨基- n -甲基-4-甲酰基磺酰基酸盐作为集成在等离子波导中的有源电光材料,在白天通过偏置电压在阳光方向上实现光束导向。采用有限差分频域方法和COMSOL Multiphysics软件的漂移-扩散方程,对不同波长的光和宽入射角的横向磁(TM)和横向电(TE)极化进行了研究。数值结果表明,带纳米天线的薄膜太阳能电池对大波长阳光的吸收增加,导致TE极化和TM极化的短路电流分别增强1.48和1.45。此外,该可重构结构的另一个优点是在不同的入射角下保持性能,这可能为太阳能收集开辟新的机会。
{"title":"Rotational freedom thin-film solar cell using a reconfigurable nano-antenna with 4-Dimethyl-Amino-N-methyl-4-Stilbazolium Tosylate","authors":"Mohammad Ali Shameli, Mohammad Reza Eskandari, Reza Safian","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ote2.12069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we proposed a new method to realize the rotational freedom of thin-film solar cells. In this method, an array of reconfigurable nano-patches fed by a plasmonic waveguide is integrated inside the solar cell to receive and trap light in the active layer. The reconfigurable nano-antenna is designed to achieve beam steering by bias voltage in the direction of sunlight during the day using 4-Dimethyl-Amino-N-methyl-4-Stilbazolium Tosylate as an active electro-optic material integrated into the plasmonic waveguide. The proposed solar cell is investigated using the finite-difference frequency-domain method and the drift-diffusion equations of COMSOL Multiphysics software at different wavelengths of light and a wide range of angles of incidence for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. The numerical results show increase in the absorption in large wavelengths of sunlight for the thin-film solar cell with nano-antenna, resulting in a short circuit current enhancement of 1.48 and 1.45 for TE and TM polarisations, respectively. Also, another advantage of the proposed reconfigurable structure is maintaining the performance in different angles of incidence, which may open up a new opportunity in solar energy harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 4","pages":"179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137883615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lília Maria Santos Dias, Tiago Filipe Santos Silvério, Rute Amorim Sá Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio de Brito André
With the rapid development of digital ecosystems, such as mobile applications towards goods/monetary transactions, a new paradigm of data transfer arises, which requires fast and reliable algorithms to generate random numbers. The statistical nature of speckle-based imaging creates an opportunity for these generators to arise as random number generators given the unpredictability and irreproducibility of such patterns. Hence, it is shown that the establishment of an experimental system is able to produce unique speckle patterns for remote cryptographic key storage and distribution, with a potential key rate generation of Gbs.
{"title":"Random bit sequence generation from speckle patterns produced with multimode waveguides","authors":"Lília Maria Santos Dias, Tiago Filipe Santos Silvério, Rute Amorim Sá Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio de Brito André","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12068","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid development of digital ecosystems, such as mobile applications towards goods/monetary transactions, a new paradigm of data transfer arises, which requires fast and reliable algorithms to generate random numbers. The statistical nature of speckle-based imaging creates an opportunity for these generators to arise as random number generators given the unpredictability and irreproducibility of such patterns. Hence, it is shown that the establishment of an experimental system is able to produce unique speckle patterns for remote cryptographic key storage and distribution, with a potential key rate generation of Gbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 4","pages":"174-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47794428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Rakibul Islam, Ahmed Mujtaba Al Naser, Fatema Zerin Jaba, Fariha Anzum, Abu Nayeem Mohammad Iftekher, Md Rezaul Hoque Khan, Mirza Muntasir Nishat
A hexagonal outlined porous cladding with vacant core photonic crystal fibre (HOPC-VC-PCF) sensor using Zeonex has been presented, which can detect cyanides at the THz regime. Cyanides are incredibly lethal chemicals to humans as they can rapidly cause impairment or even death; such harmful substances must be identified precisely. The proposed model has been analysed at a broad spectrum of THz regimes for three different analytes, and the numerical investigation is performed using the Finite element method (FEM). Simulation results exhibit that at optimum design parameters, extremely high sensitivity of 99.75%, negligible confinement loss of 0.5 × 10−13 cm−1, extremely low and flat dispersion of 0.12 ps THz/cm, and other excellent features were obtained. The performance analysis and the design methodology have been depicted in detail. Due to the simplistic design, fabrication of the model is easily achievable by current technology. The remarkable sensing capabilities will not only make it suited in chemicals analysis but also will play vital roles in other applications as well.
{"title":"Design of a hexagonal outlined porous cladding with vacant core photonic crystal fibre biosensor for cyanide detection at THz regime","authors":"Mohammad Rakibul Islam, Ahmed Mujtaba Al Naser, Fatema Zerin Jaba, Fariha Anzum, Abu Nayeem Mohammad Iftekher, Md Rezaul Hoque Khan, Mirza Muntasir Nishat","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12067","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A hexagonal outlined porous cladding with vacant core photonic crystal fibre (HOPC-VC-PCF) sensor using Zeonex has been presented, which can detect cyanides at the THz regime. Cyanides are incredibly lethal chemicals to humans as they can rapidly cause impairment or even death; such harmful substances must be identified precisely. The proposed model has been analysed at a broad spectrum of THz regimes for three different analytes, and the numerical investigation is performed using the Finite element method (FEM). Simulation results exhibit that at optimum design parameters, extremely high sensitivity of 99.75%, negligible confinement loss of 0.5 × 10<sup>−13</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>, extremely low and flat dispersion of 0.12 ps THz/cm, and other excellent features were obtained. The performance analysis and the design methodology have been depicted in detail. Due to the simplistic design, fabrication of the model is easily achievable by current technology. The remarkable sensing capabilities will not only make it suited in chemicals analysis but also will play vital roles in other applications as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 4","pages":"160-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41770620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates a high-quality and multi-purposed biosensor with maximum stable output transmittance numerically by using the inverse design method. The proposed biosensor utilises particle swarm optimisation for inverse design which will be a helpful way of designing different kinds of precise sensors in the future. In this research, some parameters are introduced to the optimiser to find the best cavity parameters for developing a high-quality sensor to sense different targets. Many previous studies were on single-goal biosensors, or their quality factor and output spectrum were very low. The proposed sensor can sense different parts of blood components, the amount of glucose in the urine, and tear's glucose for the first time just in one device to the best of our knowledge. Compared to previous works, this structure detects the differences between refractive indexes analytes with a high-quality factor and a high and stable output transmittance spectrum. This structure contains two-dimensional photonic crystal microresonators to provide resonance frequencies in the photonic bandgap. The device works on a window of 1.55 μm with a quality factor equal to 24,000, the sensitivity is 500 nm/RIU (refractive index unit), and the resolution is equal to 4 × 10−5. In this paper, the scaling method, particle swarm optimisation, two-dimensional finite-difference dime domain, and Plane-Wave Expansion methods are utilised.
{"title":"Inverse design of a high-quality factor multi-purpose optical biosensor","authors":"Majid Mafi, Amir Hosn Esmaile","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12066","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates a high-quality and multi-purposed biosensor with maximum stable output transmittance numerically by using the inverse design method. The proposed biosensor utilises particle swarm optimisation for inverse design which will be a helpful way of designing different kinds of precise sensors in the future. In this research, some parameters are introduced to the optimiser to find the best cavity parameters for developing a high-quality sensor to sense different targets. Many previous studies were on single-goal biosensors, or their quality factor and output spectrum were very low. The proposed sensor can sense different parts of blood components, the amount of glucose in the urine, and tear's glucose for the first time just in one device to the best of our knowledge. Compared to previous works, this structure detects the differences between refractive indexes analytes with a high-quality factor and a high and stable output transmittance spectrum. This structure contains two-dimensional photonic crystal microresonators to provide resonance frequencies in the photonic bandgap. The device works on a window of 1.55 μm with a quality factor equal to 24,000, the sensitivity is 500 nm/<i>RIU</i> (refractive index unit), and the resolution is equal to 4 × 10<sup>−5</sup>. In this paper, the scaling method, particle swarm optimisation, two-dimensional finite-difference dime domain, and Plane-Wave Expansion methods are utilised.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 6","pages":"266-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47706249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed H. Arnous, Anjan Biswas, Abdul H. Kara, Daniela Milovic, Yakup Yıldırım, Hashim M. Alshehri
This paper serves as a sequel to previously reported results on cubic-quartic solitons with complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. This work is with various forms of power law nonlinearity that structures the self-phase modulation. The enhanced Kudryashov's approach gives the soliton solution. The conservation laws are also identified for the models.
{"title":"Sequel to “cubic-quartic optical soliton perturbation with complex Ginzburg–Landau equation by the enhanced Kudryashov's method”","authors":"Ahmed H. Arnous, Anjan Biswas, Abdul H. Kara, Daniela Milovic, Yakup Yıldırım, Hashim M. Alshehri","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12065","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper serves as a sequel to previously reported results on cubic-quartic solitons with complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. This work is with various forms of power law nonlinearity that structures the self-phase modulation. The enhanced Kudryashov's approach gives the soliton solution. The conservation laws are also identified for the models.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 4","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44962171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Ali Amirabadi, Mohammad Hossein Kahaei, S. Alireza Nezamalhosseini, Lawrence R. Chen
Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibre (FMF) has received increasing attention to address the exponential growth of data traffic in long-haul optical communication systems. Also, combining the MDM with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a promising approach for dramatically growing the transmission capacity in such systems. However, a major barrier in this regard is the FMF nonlinear effects, which can significantly reduce the link performance. In this paper, in order to alleviate the FMF nonlinear effects, we focus on power allocation in FMF links by optimizing the input power of each optical WDM channel of each spatial mode, which leads to maximizing the total capacity transmission and also the minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) margin. The FMF nonlinearity has been already modelled as the Gaussian noise (GN) for which no closed-form formulation has been developed so far. Here, we derive a closed-form GN model for this problem and verify it by comparing with the integral-form GN model and split-step Fourier method. In this approach, an optimal power is independently determined for each channel of each mode by optimizing a capacity maximization and a minimum SNR margin maximization problem in convex forms. The performance of different links including the single mode fibre-WDM, MDM-single channel, and MDM-WDM are compared using computer simulations. These systems are comprehensively investigated in equal/non-equal required SNR as well as flat/non-flat amplifier gain scenarios. It is shown that optimized power allocation to each channel of each mode has a significant enhancement in the minimum SNR margin maximization scheme compared to the best equal power allocation. Furthermore, this improvement is much more in non-equal required SNR and the non-flat amplifier gain scenarios, showing the efficiency of the established approach in practical communication links.
{"title":"Optimal power allocation in nonlinear MDM-WDM systems using Gaussian noise model","authors":"Mohammad Ali Amirabadi, Mohammad Hossein Kahaei, S. Alireza Nezamalhosseini, Lawrence R. Chen","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ote2.12064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibre (FMF) has received increasing attention to address the exponential growth of data traffic in long-haul optical communication systems. Also, combining the MDM with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a promising approach for dramatically growing the transmission capacity in such systems. However, a major barrier in this regard is the FMF nonlinear effects, which can significantly reduce the link performance. In this paper, in order to alleviate the FMF nonlinear effects, we focus on power allocation in FMF links by optimizing the input power of each optical WDM channel of each spatial mode, which leads to maximizing the total capacity transmission and also the minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) margin. The FMF nonlinearity has been already modelled as the Gaussian noise (GN) for which no closed-form formulation has been developed so far. Here, we derive a closed-form GN model for this problem and verify it by comparing with the integral-form GN model and split-step Fourier method. In this approach, an optimal power is independently determined for each channel of each mode by optimizing a capacity maximization and a minimum SNR margin maximization problem in convex forms. The performance of different links including the single mode fibre-WDM, MDM-single channel, and MDM-WDM are compared using computer simulations. These systems are comprehensively investigated in equal/non-equal required SNR as well as flat/non-flat amplifier gain scenarios. It is shown that optimized power allocation to each channel of each mode has a significant enhancement in the minimum SNR margin maximization scheme compared to the best equal power allocation. Furthermore, this improvement is much more in non-equal required SNR and the non-flat amplifier gain scenarios, showing the efficiency of the established approach in practical communication links.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 3","pages":"133-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137864905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ultra-compact, ultra-broadband vertical coupler for dense photonic integrated circuits is reported with a 1.07 × 0.62 μm2 wavelength-scale footprint. This hybrid plasmonic-photonic coupler uses a unique two-plane plasmonic nanoantenna array on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. The in- and out-of-plane interference of the multipole moments and dual-feed nanoantennas results in efficient, unidirectional coupling. Finite-element simulations show that, for a 0.8 μm diameter Gaussian beam, the maximum coupling efficiency (CE) is −3.4 dB across the telecommunication C-, L- and U-bands with a 3-dB bandwidth of 230 nm. The CE is > 9 dB higher than recently reported ultra-compact plasmonic couplers. The maximum directivity and polarisation extinction ratio across the C- to U-bands are 9.2 and 24.1 dB, respectively. Finally, as an out-coupler, it has a vertical directivity of >8.5 dB, enabling its use for vertical optical interconnects between two vertically separated circuits.
{"title":"Ultra-compact and ultra-broadband hybrid plasmonic-photonic vertical coupler with high coupling efficiency, directivity, and polarisation extinction ratio","authors":"Hamed Pezeshki, Amanda J. Wright, Eric C. Larkins","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12063","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An ultra-compact, ultra-broadband vertical coupler for dense photonic integrated circuits is reported with a 1.07 × 0.62 μm<sup>2</sup> wavelength-scale footprint. This hybrid plasmonic-photonic coupler uses a unique two-plane plasmonic nanoantenna array on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. The in- and out-of-plane interference of the multipole moments and dual-feed nanoantennas results in efficient, unidirectional coupling. Finite-element simulations show that, for a 0.8 μm diameter Gaussian beam, the maximum coupling efficiency (CE) is −3.4 dB across the telecommunication C-, L- and U-bands with a 3-dB bandwidth of 230 nm. The CE is > 9 dB higher than recently reported ultra-compact plasmonic couplers. The maximum directivity and polarisation extinction ratio across the C- to U-bands are 9.2 and 24.1 dB, respectively. Finally, as an out-coupler, it has a vertical directivity of >8.5 dB, enabling its use for vertical optical interconnects between two vertically separated circuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 3","pages":"124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48250661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}