Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.39-49
S. Fathurrohmah, Ayu Candra Kurniati
The world’s attention to climate issues is increasing as the issue of global warming and climate change emerges. Several studies with the scope of cities and urban areas concluded that urban surface temperatures have an increasing trend. This phenomenon will have an impact on the thermal comfort of urban population. Yogyakarta City as one of the National Activity Centers (PKN), is experiencing rapid urban development and leads to become a metropolitan city so it needs to be studied regarding its thermal comfort. This research is intended to identify the potential and vulnerability of thermal discomfort in Yogyakarta City. The identification of potential discomfort is carried out using the Discomfort Index (DI) approach and the Land Surface Temperature (LST) value. Meanwhile, vulnerability is identified in the social aspects of population. Furthermore, the potential and vulnerability scores are assessed to get an overview of thermal discomfort mitigation priorities. Based on DI analysis, thermal discomfort is felt by more than 50% of the Yogyakarta’s residents and it is estimated that in the future will get worse. By looking at the distribution of LST values, the high potential for discomfort is in the city center and has expanded to the north and northeast. Meanwhile, areas with high vulnerability are located in the center and south side of Yogyakarta City. From the combined assessment of threat and vulnerability, the areas that are the top priority for mitigation are in the center of Yogyakarta City, which include 7 districts, namely Danurejan, Gedongtengen, Gondomanan, Jetis, Kraton, Ngampilan, and Pakualaman. The medium priority districts are Gondokusuman and Wirobrajan.
{"title":"Threat and Vulnerability of Thermal Discomfort in Yogyakarta City","authors":"S. Fathurrohmah, Ayu Candra Kurniati","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.39-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.39-49","url":null,"abstract":"The world’s attention to climate issues is increasing as the issue of global warming and climate change emerges. Several studies with the scope of cities and urban areas concluded that urban surface temperatures have an increasing trend. This phenomenon will have an impact on the thermal comfort of urban population. Yogyakarta City as one of the National Activity Centers (PKN), is experiencing rapid urban development and leads to become a metropolitan city so it needs to be studied regarding its thermal comfort. This research is intended to identify the potential and vulnerability of thermal discomfort in Yogyakarta City. The identification of potential discomfort is carried out using the Discomfort Index (DI) approach and the Land Surface Temperature (LST) value. Meanwhile, vulnerability is identified in the social aspects of population. Furthermore, the potential and vulnerability scores are assessed to get an overview of thermal discomfort mitigation priorities. Based on DI analysis, thermal discomfort is felt by more than 50% of the Yogyakarta’s residents and it is estimated that in the future will get worse. By looking at the distribution of LST values, the high potential for discomfort is in the city center and has expanded to the north and northeast. Meanwhile, areas with high vulnerability are located in the center and south side of Yogyakarta City. From the combined assessment of threat and vulnerability, the areas that are the top priority for mitigation are in the center of Yogyakarta City, which include 7 districts, namely Danurejan, Gedongtengen, Gondomanan, Jetis, Kraton, Ngampilan, and Pakualaman. The medium priority districts are Gondokusuman and Wirobrajan.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.71-81
Amelia Fitriani, Y. Windusari, Wike Ayu Eka Putri
Community-based waste management in the PT. Bukit Asam Township, Tanjung Enim, is essential. This study involved 67 respondents residing in the Township. A mixed-method approach was used, including interviews, observations, and SWOT analysis. The results indicate that residents are actively engaged in waste containment, with most households (85%) disposing of all waste without sorting. Only a small percentage reuse items (5%) and compost (2%). The average waste generated per socioeconomic group exceeds the standards set by SNI 3242-2008. Community-based waste management at PT. Bukit Asam has the potential for success due to active participation and company support. The SWOT analysis reveals strengths in participation, company support, education, and a structured system but weaknesses in dependence on participation and funding, and limitations in human resources and infrastructure. Opportunities include government support, new technologies, and collaboration with NGOs, while threats arise from policy changes, social issues, regulations, environmental impacts, and disasters. Improvement strategies include initial assessments, stakeholder mapping, awareness enhancement, facility provision, supervision, monitoring, incentives, periodic evaluations, and continuous innovation. With these strategies, the program is expected to be effective and sustainable, address waste issues, create new economic opportunities, and serve as a model for other communities.
{"title":"Community-Based Waste Management in The Township PT. Bukit Asam, Tanjung Enim, Indonesia","authors":"Amelia Fitriani, Y. Windusari, Wike Ayu Eka Putri","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.71-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.71-81","url":null,"abstract":"Community-based waste management in the PT. Bukit Asam Township, Tanjung Enim, is essential. This study involved 67 respondents residing in the Township. A mixed-method approach was used, including interviews, observations, and SWOT analysis. The results indicate that residents are actively engaged in waste containment, with most households (85%) disposing of all waste without sorting. Only a small percentage reuse items (5%) and compost (2%). The average waste generated per socioeconomic group exceeds the standards set by SNI 3242-2008. Community-based waste management at PT. Bukit Asam has the potential for success due to active participation and company support. The SWOT analysis reveals strengths in participation, company support, education, and a structured system but weaknesses in dependence on participation and funding, and limitations in human resources and infrastructure. Opportunities include government support, new technologies, and collaboration with NGOs, while threats arise from policy changes, social issues, regulations, environmental impacts, and disasters. Improvement strategies include initial assessments, stakeholder mapping, awareness enhancement, facility provision, supervision, monitoring, incentives, periodic evaluations, and continuous innovation. With these strategies, the program is expected to be effective and sustainable, address waste issues, create new economic opportunities, and serve as a model for other communities.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enim river flows within several sub-districts in Muara Enim Regency, including Semendo Darat Laut, Semendo Darat Tengah, Semendo Darat Ulu, Tanjung Agung, Lawang Kidul, and Muara Enim. This study examines changes in the water quality of the Enim River due to domestic wastewater discharges and the presence of the coal mining industry and household industries. Water samples were taken from 4 sampling stations along the Enim River in 2018 and 2023. Data consisted of results of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. The status of river water quality was assessed from the pollution index. The results of Enim River surface water quality measurements showed that the parameters of total suspended solids, Dissolved Oxygen, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), oil, and grease concentrations had breached the criteria set for Class II water quality, referring to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001. The results showed that there has been a change in the water quality status of Enim River from 2018 to 2023. The river water pollution index was (1.43-2.47) in 2018 and (1.49-3.85) in 2023 (lightly polluted). Comprehensive water treatment and preventive measures are necessary to manage and mitigate additional pollution in the Enim River.
{"title":"Assessment of Changes in Water Quality of Enim River, Muara Enim, South Sumatera, Indonesia to Determine Environmental Designations","authors":"Andi Parluhutan Sinaga, Eddy Ibrahim, Fitri Hadiah","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.63-70","url":null,"abstract":"Enim river flows within several sub-districts in Muara Enim Regency, including Semendo Darat Laut, Semendo Darat Tengah, Semendo Darat Ulu, Tanjung Agung, Lawang Kidul, and Muara Enim. This study examines changes in the water quality of the Enim River due to domestic wastewater discharges and the presence of the coal mining industry and household industries. Water samples were taken from 4 sampling stations along the Enim River in 2018 and 2023. Data consisted of results of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. The status of river water quality was assessed from the pollution index. The results of Enim River surface water quality measurements showed that the parameters of total suspended solids, Dissolved Oxygen, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), oil, and grease concentrations had breached the criteria set for Class II water quality, referring to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001. The results showed that there has been a change in the water quality status of Enim River from 2018 to 2023. The river water pollution index was (1.43-2.47) in 2018 and (1.49-3.85) in 2023 (lightly polluted). Comprehensive water treatment and preventive measures are necessary to manage and mitigate additional pollution in the Enim River.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.50-62
Hendra Kurniawan, Iskhaq Iskandar, Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidik
In the sixth assessment report, the IPCC indicates that global temperature increased by 1.11 (±0.13) degrees Celsius in 2019 due to 6.5 gigatons of CO2eq of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The power sector is a major global greenhouse gas emitter, particularly in Indonesia. Indonesia’s electricity sector emitted 149.90 million tons of CO2eq greenhouse gas in 2020, which is expected to increase to 158.30 million tons of CO2eq in 2021. Indonesia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions according to the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement has been ratified into national law, accommodating Indonesia’s roadmap to net zero by 2060. The emissions reduction target was published in 2022 through the enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This study aims to analyze the impact of climate policy in Indonesia’s electricity sector to meet the net zero emissions target by 2060. Projection and calculation in this study were conducted using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP). Data from 2020, including electricity demand, existing capacity, energy production, energy intensity, lifetime, and capacity factor, were used to support LEAP analysis. The data were obtained from the PLN statistical book, PLN sustainability report, Indonesia’s statistical book, and climate change mitigation and adaptation reports in Indonesia. This study developed three climate scenarios, including business as usual (BAU), sustainable development (SD), and low-carbon development (LCD). These scenarios draw upon current climate policies that have various impacts on electricity generation in Indonesia. Based on LEAP analysis, by 2060, energy demand is expected to increase to 300.36 MTOE (BAU), 200.93 MTOE (SD), and 76.97 MTOE (LCD). Consequently, each climate scenario requires an increase in installed capacity to 821.82 GW (BAU), 727.06 GW (SD), and 334.58 GW (LCD). The renewable energy mix is projected to be 21% (BAU), 69% (SD), and 100% (LCD). Each scenario requires investment to develop capacity to meet energy demand. The investment cost is estimated to be 1,671.58 million USD (BAU), 1,537.64 million USD (SD), and 816.51 million USD (LCD). GHG emissions are projected to rise to 1,746.31 million tons of CO2eq (BAU) and 264.39 million tons of CO2eq (SD). However, the LCD scenario expects to achieve net zero emissions by 2060.
{"title":"Power Sector Under Climate Scenario: A Study of Climate Policy Impact on Indonesia Electricity System","authors":"Hendra Kurniawan, Iskhaq Iskandar, Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidik","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.50-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.50-62","url":null,"abstract":"In the sixth assessment report, the IPCC indicates that global temperature increased by 1.11 (±0.13) degrees Celsius in 2019 due to 6.5 gigatons of CO2eq of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The power sector is a major global greenhouse gas emitter, particularly in Indonesia. Indonesia’s electricity sector emitted 149.90 million tons of CO2eq greenhouse gas in 2020, which is expected to increase to 158.30 million tons of CO2eq in 2021. Indonesia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions according to the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement has been ratified into national law, accommodating Indonesia’s roadmap to net zero by 2060. The emissions reduction target was published in 2022 through the enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This study aims to analyze the impact of climate policy in Indonesia’s electricity sector to meet the net zero emissions target by 2060. Projection and calculation in this study were conducted using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP). Data from 2020, including electricity demand, existing capacity, energy production, energy intensity, lifetime, and capacity factor, were used to support LEAP analysis. The data were obtained from the PLN statistical book, PLN sustainability report, Indonesia’s statistical book, and climate change mitigation and adaptation reports in Indonesia. This study developed three climate scenarios, including business as usual (BAU), sustainable development (SD), and low-carbon development (LCD). These scenarios draw upon current climate policies that have various impacts on electricity generation in Indonesia. Based on LEAP analysis, by 2060, energy demand is expected to increase to 300.36 MTOE (BAU), 200.93 MTOE (SD), and 76.97 MTOE (LCD). Consequently, each climate scenario requires an increase in installed capacity to 821.82 GW (BAU), 727.06 GW (SD), and 334.58 GW (LCD). The renewable energy mix is projected to be 21% (BAU), 69% (SD), and 100% (LCD). Each scenario requires investment to develop capacity to meet energy demand. The investment cost is estimated to be 1,671.58 million USD (BAU), 1,537.64 million USD (SD), and 816.51 million USD (LCD). GHG emissions are projected to rise to 1,746.31 million tons of CO2eq (BAU) and 264.39 million tons of CO2eq (SD). However, the LCD scenario expects to achieve net zero emissions by 2060.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.82-88
Cely Febrida, Amin Rejo, Azizah Husin
Ogan Ilir District is one of South Sumatra, Indonesia’s regencies, prone to forest and land fires. This study aims to identify hotspot distribution and analyze fire and land hazard levels from 2017 to 2022 in Ogan Ilir District using Landsat 8 imagery with the Normalized Burning Ratio (NBR) method. The study’s results show that from 2017 to 2022, 423 hotspots were recorded. Specifically, in 2017, there were 2 points; in 2018, 121 points; in 2019, 207 points; in 2021, 76 points; and in 2022, 17 points. North Indralaya is the sub-district with the highest level of forest and land fire vulnerability, with the number of events ranging from 80 to 164. West Pamulutan and Pamulutan are at a high hazard level, with incidents ranging from 33 to 79. Meanwhile, Indralaya and South Indralaya sub-districts have a medium level of danger, with events ranging from 19 to 32. The low threat level for forest and land fires is spread across all sub-districts in Ogan Ilir District, with the number of events ranging from 1 to 18.
{"title":"Identification of Hotspots and Burnt Areas in Ogan Ilir District, South Sumatera Province","authors":"Cely Febrida, Amin Rejo, Azizah Husin","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.82-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.82-88","url":null,"abstract":"Ogan Ilir District is one of South Sumatra, Indonesia’s regencies, prone to forest and land fires. This study aims to identify hotspot distribution and analyze fire and land hazard levels from 2017 to 2022 in Ogan Ilir District using Landsat 8 imagery with the Normalized Burning Ratio (NBR) method. The study’s results show that from 2017 to 2022, 423 hotspots were recorded. Specifically, in 2017, there were 2 points; in 2018, 121 points; in 2019, 207 points; in 2021, 76 points; and in 2022, 17 points. North Indralaya is the sub-district with the highest level of forest and land fire vulnerability, with the number of events ranging from 80 to 164. West Pamulutan and Pamulutan are at a high hazard level, with incidents ranging from 33 to 79. Meanwhile, Indralaya and South Indralaya sub-districts have a medium level of danger, with events ranging from 19 to 32. The low threat level for forest and land fires is spread across all sub-districts in Ogan Ilir District, with the number of events ranging from 1 to 18.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.25-33
Hamza Badamasi, A. Dauda, Abdullahi Khalil Suleiman, Sa’adatu Eri Muhammad, N. Durumin-Iya, HadizaJibril Abdullahi
Mining is an important global economic driver, contributing to human civilization’s advancement and foreign exchange revenues. However, it causes significant environmental contamination, particularly in developing nations with inadequate waste management and ineffective mining legislation. In the present study, the source distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals (HMs) from the soils of the mining area around Riruwai town, northern Nigeria, were assessed. Soil samples were obtained from active and abandoned mining sites, farmlands, and control sites and were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and HM contents. The measured concentrations of HMs were used to evaluate the source distribution and ecological risks. The study’s findings indicated that, with the exception of Mn, Hg, and Ni, all HM concentrations were above threshold levels in all sample locations aside from the control sites. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the HMs, indicating that they came from comparable origins. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis results indicated that As, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Zn might originate from similar anthropogenic sources, possibly mining activities, while Cd, Mn, and Pb might come from natural sources (parent material). Results of an ecological risk assessment revealed that the soils from active and abandoned mining sites were severely polluted by HMs. The degree of pollution has begun to extend onto farmland, signifying a critical need for adequate HM pollution control in the study area.
采矿业是全球重要的经济驱动力，为人类文明进步和外汇收入做出了贡献。然而，它也造成了严重的环境污染，尤其是在废物管理不到位、采矿立法不力的发展中国家。本研究评估了尼日利亚北部 Riruwai 镇附近采矿区土壤中重金属 (HMs) 的来源分布和生态风险。土壤样本取自活跃和废弃的矿区、农田和对照地点，并对其理化特征和 HMs 含量进行了分析。测得的 HMs 浓度用于评估来源分布和生态风险。研究结果表明，除了锰、汞和镍外，除对照地点外，所有取样地点的所有 HMs 浓度都高于阈值水平。相关性分析结果表明，各种 HMs 之间存在显著的相关性，表明它们的来源具有可比性。主成分分析和层次聚类分析结果表明，砷、铬、汞、镍和锌可能来自类似的人为来源，可能是采矿活动，而镉、锰和铅则可能来自天然来源（母体材料）。生态风险评估结果表明，活跃矿区和废弃矿区的土壤受到 HMs 的严重污染。污染程度已开始扩展到农田，这表明研究区域亟需进行适当的 HM 污染控制。
{"title":"Source Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals from the Soils of Riruwai Mining Area, North-Western Nigeria","authors":"Hamza Badamasi, A. Dauda, Abdullahi Khalil Suleiman, Sa’adatu Eri Muhammad, N. Durumin-Iya, HadizaJibril Abdullahi","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.25-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.25-33","url":null,"abstract":"Mining is an important global economic driver, contributing to human civilization’s advancement and foreign exchange revenues. However, it causes significant environmental contamination, particularly in developing nations with inadequate waste management and ineffective mining legislation. In the present study, the source distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals (HMs) from the soils of the mining area around Riruwai town, northern Nigeria, were assessed. Soil samples were obtained from active and abandoned mining sites, farmlands, and control sites and were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and HM contents. The measured concentrations of HMs were used to evaluate the source distribution and ecological risks. The study’s findings indicated that, with the exception of Mn, Hg, and Ni, all HM concentrations were above threshold levels in all sample locations aside from the control sites. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the HMs, indicating that they came from comparable origins. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis results indicated that As, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Zn might originate from similar anthropogenic sources, possibly mining activities, while Cd, Mn, and Pb might come from natural sources (parent material). Results of an ecological risk assessment revealed that the soils from active and abandoned mining sites were severely polluted by HMs. The degree of pollution has begun to extend onto farmland, signifying a critical need for adequate HM pollution control in the study area.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of flooding in Nigeria in the past few years (with its devastating consequences) has become a source of concern for policymakers and researchers alike. Scholars have attributed the high frequency of flooding, particularly in the southern region of Nigeria, to several factors; climatic variation and land use/land cover changes are themes that fall under the domain of natural and anthropogenic causes of flooding, respectively. This study examined climatic variations and changing land use/land cover in southern Nigeria with the view of determining their synergistic effects on flooding. We adopted a mixed approach for data collection with the use of Geographic Information System (GIS), retrieval of primary data from meteorological stations in the region, and field surveys. Findings show a significant decrease in rural land uses like arable lands, wetlands, and undisturbed forests; while there was a corresponding increase in urban/peri-urban land uses like settlements and tree-crop plantations over the period from 1999 to 2019. The land use/land cover changes have manifested in the destabilization of the microclimate, distortion of the carbon circle, loss of biodiversity, reduction of ecosystem services of the natural areas, and flooding. The decadal rainfall trends over the past three decades show consistent extremities with mean rainfall duration decreasing while the mean intensity increases; aggravating soil erosion, urban runoff challenges, and flooding. Climatic variations (mainly extreme rainfall patterns) synergize with inefficient land use management to exacerbate flooding in southern Nigeria. While policymakers in this region may not have the standalone capacity to significantly control climate change and the consequential variations in the local microclimate, they can re engineer land use policies to eliminate or substantially degrade anthropogenic factors that exacerbate flooding.
{"title":"Effects of Climatic Variations and Changing Land Use/Land Cover on Flooding in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Nwachi Christy Chidiebere, Ogbonna Chukwuemeka Godswill, Ekwe Chidumebi Anthony, Umegboro Johnbosco Ikechukwu","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.16-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.16-24","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of flooding in Nigeria in the past few years (with its devastating consequences) has become a source of concern for policymakers and researchers alike. Scholars have attributed the high frequency of flooding, particularly in the southern region of Nigeria, to several factors; climatic variation and land use/land cover changes are themes that fall under the domain of natural and anthropogenic causes of flooding, respectively. This study examined climatic variations and changing land use/land cover in southern Nigeria with the view of determining their synergistic effects on flooding. We adopted a mixed approach for data collection with the use of Geographic Information System (GIS), retrieval of primary data from meteorological stations in the region, and field surveys. Findings show a significant decrease in rural land uses like arable lands, wetlands, and undisturbed forests; while there was a corresponding increase in urban/peri-urban land uses like settlements and tree-crop plantations over the period from 1999 to 2019. The land use/land cover changes have manifested in the destabilization of the microclimate, distortion of the carbon circle, loss of biodiversity, reduction of ecosystem services of the natural areas, and flooding. The decadal rainfall trends over the past three decades show consistent extremities with mean rainfall duration decreasing while the mean intensity increases; aggravating soil erosion, urban runoff challenges, and flooding. Climatic variations (mainly extreme rainfall patterns) synergize with inefficient land use management to exacerbate flooding in southern Nigeria. While policymakers in this region may not have the standalone capacity to significantly control climate change and the consequential variations in the local microclimate, they can re engineer land use policies to eliminate or substantially degrade anthropogenic factors that exacerbate flooding.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.1-6
Taupan Ariansyah Putra, Amin Rejo, Y. Windusari
The cajuput plant (Melaleuca cajuputi) is valued for its essential oil production and its ability to thrive in challenging environments, including post-mining lands. PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA) has cultivated this plant extensively to supply seeds for reclamation projects on former mine sites, along with the provision of location-specific fertilizers. This study aims to identify the new alternative organic materials, determining the optimal formula for plant growth media and also to measure the tangible and intangible impacts of the community involvement. Following the implementation of statistical testing involving the analysis of variance model (ANOVA) and subsequent test, which is the least significant difference (LSD) test, definitive findings reveal that incorporating coffee exocarp as a growth medium significantly impacts the elevation of plant height and the augmentation of Cajuput leaf count. The most efficacious treatment is delineated as P2, characterized by a 1:1 composition of coffee exocarp and soil. The involvement of the local community has precipitated several advantageous outcomes, encompassing the creation of employment opportunities, the facilitation of economic equilibrium, and the development of smallholder forestry enterprises within the local community.
白千层（Melaleuca cajuputi）因其精油产量及其在矿区等恶劣环境中的生长能力而备受重视。PT Bukit Asam Tbk（PTBA）广泛种植这种植物，为旧矿区的复垦项目提供种子，并提供特定地点的肥料。本研究旨在确定新的替代有机材料，确定植物生长介质的最佳配方，同时衡量社区参与的有形和无形影响。通过方差分析模型（ANOVA）和随后的最小显著性差异（LSD）检验等统计检验，最终结果表明，将咖啡外果皮作为生长介质对提高植株高度和增加咖啡树叶数有显著影响。最有效的处理方法是 P2，其特点是咖啡外果皮和土壤的比例为 1:1。当地社区的参与带来了多项有利成果，包括创造就业机会、促进经济平衡以及在当地社区内发展小农林业企业。
{"title":"Community Involvement and the Use of Coffee Exocarp as a Growth Medium for Cajuput Plantation in Post-Mining Land Reclamation in PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA)","authors":"Taupan Ariansyah Putra, Amin Rejo, Y. Windusari","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.1-6","url":null,"abstract":"The cajuput plant (Melaleuca cajuputi) is valued for its essential oil production and its ability to thrive in challenging environments, including post-mining lands. PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA) has cultivated this plant extensively to supply seeds for reclamation projects on former mine sites, along with the provision of location-specific fertilizers. This study aims to identify the new alternative organic materials, determining the optimal formula for plant growth media and also to measure the tangible and intangible impacts of the community involvement. Following the implementation of statistical testing involving the analysis of variance model (ANOVA) and subsequent test, which is the least significant difference (LSD) test, definitive findings reveal that incorporating coffee exocarp as a growth medium significantly impacts the elevation of plant height and the augmentation of Cajuput leaf count. The most efficacious treatment is delineated as P2, characterized by a 1:1 composition of coffee exocarp and soil. The involvement of the local community has precipitated several advantageous outcomes, encompassing the creation of employment opportunities, the facilitation of economic equilibrium, and the development of smallholder forestry enterprises within the local community.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.7-15
Eva Juniar Andika, Amin Rejo, Puspitahati Puspitahati
Extreme rainfall impacts rubber production, reducing effective tapping days and cumulative annual output and having a wide-ranging effect on rubber crop cultivation. This study aimed to find out how rainfall and rainy days affected the rubber production of the Kusen clone in Muara Enim Regency’s Rambang District. The study was conducted on a rubber plantation of Kusen clone, which has an area of 1 ha. The initial stage in analyzing the impact of climate change on Kusen clone rubber production in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency, was identifying the independent and dependent variables. The T-test was conducted to see whether each independent variable partially has a significant effect on the dependent variable. Rubber production has fallen year after year, with an average of 205.12 kg/ha in 2019 during the first year of tapping and 118.43 in 2023. The coefficient value (r) shows a 27.2% (sufficient correlation) magnitude association between the rainfall and rainy-day variables and the rubber productivity variable of the Kusen clone. In Correlation test results, rainfall and rainy days are strongly associated with producing Kusen clone rubber, as demonstrated by the correlation analysis value of 0.846. Regression research showed that rainfall and rainy days had a statistically insignificant effect on rubber production on the rubber clone Kusen in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency.
{"title":"The Influence of Climate Change on Rainfall and Rainy Days for Rubber Production of Kusen Clone in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency","authors":"Eva Juniar Andika, Amin Rejo, Puspitahati Puspitahati","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.7-15","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme rainfall impacts rubber production, reducing effective tapping days and cumulative annual output and having a wide-ranging effect on rubber crop cultivation. This study aimed to find out how rainfall and rainy days affected the rubber production of the Kusen clone in Muara Enim Regency’s Rambang District. The study was conducted on a rubber plantation of Kusen clone, which has an area of 1 ha. The initial stage in analyzing the impact of climate change on Kusen clone rubber production in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency, was identifying the independent and dependent variables. The T-test was conducted to see whether each independent variable partially has a significant effect on the dependent variable. Rubber production has fallen year after year, with an average of 205.12 kg/ha in 2019 during the first year of tapping and 118.43 in 2023. The coefficient value (r) shows a 27.2% (sufficient correlation) magnitude association between the rainfall and rainy-day variables and the rubber productivity variable of the Kusen clone. In Correlation test results, rainfall and rainy days are strongly associated with producing Kusen clone rubber, as demonstrated by the correlation analysis value of 0.846. Regression research showed that rainfall and rainy days had a statistically insignificant effect on rubber production on the rubber clone Kusen in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.34-38
N. Palapa, Yuliza Hanifah, Amri Amri, Bunga Indah Putri
Carbonaceous substances, including hydrochar and biochar, have been produced from agricultural residue via hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes. The surface morphology of the materials was assessed using FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM techniques. The identification of diffraction peaks at approximately 22° by XRD analysis suggested the existence of carbonaceous material. This is confirmed by FTIR analysis, which identifies cellulose vibration at 2931 cm?1. The results of the SEM analysis revealed that BC-Rice husk and HYC-Rice husk are heterogeneous in shape and surface area; conversely, HYC-Rambutan and Duku have a uniform, ball-like shape and aggregate. This is further corroborated by surface area data, which indicates that the material composed of rice husk has a larger surface area than the material composed of fruit peel.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Biochar and Hydrochar Derived from Agricultural Waste: Characterization and Chemical Properties","authors":"N. Palapa, Yuliza Hanifah, Amri Amri, Bunga Indah Putri","doi":"10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.34-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.34-38","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonaceous substances, including hydrochar and biochar, have been produced from agricultural residue via hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes. The surface morphology of the materials was assessed using FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM techniques. The identification of diffraction peaks at approximately 22° by XRD analysis suggested the existence of carbonaceous material. This is confirmed by FTIR analysis, which identifies cellulose vibration at 2931 cm?1. The results of the SEM analysis revealed that BC-Rice husk and HYC-Rice husk are heterogeneous in shape and surface area; conversely, HYC-Rambutan and Duku have a uniform, ball-like shape and aggregate. This is further corroborated by surface area data, which indicates that the material composed of rice husk has a larger surface area than the material composed of fruit peel.","PeriodicalId":13453,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140220974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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