Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_505_22
Sumel Ashique, Shubneesh Kumar, H. Kumar, Jayita Roy, S. Pal, Swagata Pal
Even if many countries are against it since vaccinations are not readily available, industrialized countries continue to make some vaccines designated under the World Health Organization's emergency use listing mandatory for entry into their countries. The first half of 2021 has seen the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in several countries, after the exceptional speed of vaccine development and testing in 2020. Using keywords in online databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase, this systematic search was carried out. The findings were collected into a report. We were unable to do an adequate human study because we included so many different kinds of vaccinations. A look at current vaccination-controlled trials and actual facts on immunization success is also presented. The efficacy of new vaccines is continually being tested in ongoing vaccine trials. Increasing the alternatives for global vaccine production to manufacture sufficient vaccine shots for international usage and to enhance the statistics for the potential utility of various vaccination platforms in forthcoming pandemics are also a result of this.
尽管许多国家反对，因为疫苗不容易获得，但工业化国家继续强制要求世界卫生组织紧急用途清单中指定的一些疫苗进入其国家。继2020年疫苗开发和测试的异常速度之后，2021年上半年，一些国家开始接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗。利用Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane、Embase等在线数据库中的关键词进行系统检索。调查结果被收集成一份报告。我们无法进行充分的人体研究因为我们纳入了太多不同种类的疫苗。还介绍了目前的疫苗控制试验和免疫成功的实际情况。正在进行的疫苗试验不断检验新疫苗的效力。增加全球疫苗生产的替代办法，以生产足够的疫苗注射供国际使用，并加强各种疫苗接种平台在即将到来的大流行病中潜在效用的统计数据，也是这样做的结果。
{"title":"A brief overview of various vaccines against nCOVID19, including safety, efficacy, reported cases, clinical trials, and progress","authors":"Sumel Ashique, Shubneesh Kumar, H. Kumar, Jayita Roy, S. Pal, Swagata Pal","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_505_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_505_22","url":null,"abstract":"Even if many countries are against it since vaccinations are not readily available, industrialized countries continue to make some vaccines designated under the World Health Organization's emergency use listing mandatory for entry into their countries. The first half of 2021 has seen the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in several countries, after the exceptional speed of vaccine development and testing in 2020. Using keywords in online databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase, this systematic search was carried out. The findings were collected into a report. We were unable to do an adequate human study because we included so many different kinds of vaccinations. A look at current vaccination-controlled trials and actual facts on immunization success is also presented. The efficacy of new vaccines is continually being tested in ongoing vaccine trials. Increasing the alternatives for global vaccine production to manufacture sufficient vaccine shots for international usage and to enhance the statistics for the potential utility of various vaccination platforms in forthcoming pandemics are also a result of this.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"1 1","pages":"13 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90176580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_57_22
Rutvik A Shah, Anandkumar G. Patil, A. Deshpande, Swapnil B Shankargouda
CONTEXT: In implant prosthodontics, metal frameworks are used to rigidly spilt the implants together to provide rigidity and stiffness to the prosthesis. However, due to the limitations associated with the metal framework fabrication, the recent advances have made it possible to fabricate metal-free implant-supported prostheses using fiber-reinforced composite frameworks. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate and compare photoelastic stresses between all-on-four implant-supported cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) framework and the carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRC) framework at varying cantilever lengths. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two photoelastic models of an edentulous mandible were fabricated according to the all-on-four concept. Following this, frameworks with a bilateral cantilever extension of 20 mm, one with CFRC and the other with Co-Cr, were fabricated and were subjected to a progressive load of 120–180 N with an interval of 20 N. The principal stresses (σ) were calculated using the mean maximum fringe order. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The quantitative analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test, P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The CFRC framework showed mean principal stress values significantly lower than the Co-Cr framework under all loading conditions; however, deformation of the framework was observed at the cantilever lengths of 15 mm and 20 mm. CONCLUSION: The study and its findings have indicated that the CFRC framework appears suitable for the fabrication of a framework for an “All-on-four” prosthesis. Within the confines of this study, the use of 10 mm as an arbitrary cantilever length recommendation for the CFRC framework and 15 mm for the Co-Cr framework seems reasonable.
{"title":"Comparative photoelastic stress analysis between all-on-four implant-supported cobalt-chromium framework and carbon fiber reinforced framework with varying cantilever lengths - An in vitro study","authors":"Rutvik A Shah, Anandkumar G. Patil, A. Deshpande, Swapnil B Shankargouda","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_57_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_57_22","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: In implant prosthodontics, metal frameworks are used to rigidly spilt the implants together to provide rigidity and stiffness to the prosthesis. However, due to the limitations associated with the metal framework fabrication, the recent advances have made it possible to fabricate metal-free implant-supported prostheses using fiber-reinforced composite frameworks. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate and compare photoelastic stresses between all-on-four implant-supported cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) framework and the carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRC) framework at varying cantilever lengths. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two photoelastic models of an edentulous mandible were fabricated according to the all-on-four concept. Following this, frameworks with a bilateral cantilever extension of 20 mm, one with CFRC and the other with Co-Cr, were fabricated and were subjected to a progressive load of 120–180 N with an interval of 20 N. The principal stresses (σ) were calculated using the mean maximum fringe order. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The quantitative analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test, P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The CFRC framework showed mean principal stress values significantly lower than the Co-Cr framework under all loading conditions; however, deformation of the framework was observed at the cantilever lengths of 15 mm and 20 mm. CONCLUSION: The study and its findings have indicated that the CFRC framework appears suitable for the fabrication of a framework for an “All-on-four” prosthesis. Within the confines of this study, the use of 10 mm as an arbitrary cantilever length recommendation for the CFRC framework and 15 mm for the Co-Cr framework seems reasonable.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"29 1","pages":"60 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83613828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_13_22
Alpana Andrews, Neelamma Shetti
INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis is known to cause inflammation and progressive breakdown of tooth-supporting structures. The treatment for periodontitis includes scaling and root planing that effectively removes the disease causing plaque and antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) used as an adjunct to maintain the healthy state of tissues. However, these antimicrobial agents have unpleasant side effects that have led researchers toward discovering, isolating, and developing natural herbal plant extracts as effective antimicrobial agents. Hence, the purpose of the study was to assess and compare the antimicrobial activity of the one such herbal plant extract Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) gel and CHX gel on periopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hydroalcoholic root extract of G. glabra (licorice) was prepared through maceration, evaporation, and lyophilization to obtain dried crude extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the G. glabra extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia were determined using broth dilution method and streaking on blood agar plates. The gel was then prepared accordingly using Carbopol 940. The antibacterial activity of the prepared G. glabra gel was tested and compared to CHX gel using the agar well diffusion assay. RESULTS: The MIC of G. glabra extract was found to be 15 mg against A. actinomycetamcomitans and T. forsythia and 7.5 mg against P. gingivalis. The MBC of the G. glabra extract was 30 mg for all three organisms. The antibacterial effects of the prepared licorice gel were assessed using agar well diffusion assay, and it showed that 100 μl of prepared licorice gel had a greater effect on A. actinomycetamcomitans and T. forsythia but not P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION: Licorice extract showed inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetamcomitans, and T. forsythia.
{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial effects of a licorice gel and chlorhexidine gel on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetamcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia – An in vitro study","authors":"Alpana Andrews, Neelamma Shetti","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis is known to cause inflammation and progressive breakdown of tooth-supporting structures. The treatment for periodontitis includes scaling and root planing that effectively removes the disease causing plaque and antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) used as an adjunct to maintain the healthy state of tissues. However, these antimicrobial agents have unpleasant side effects that have led researchers toward discovering, isolating, and developing natural herbal plant extracts as effective antimicrobial agents. Hence, the purpose of the study was to assess and compare the antimicrobial activity of the one such herbal plant extract Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) gel and CHX gel on periopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hydroalcoholic root extract of G. glabra (licorice) was prepared through maceration, evaporation, and lyophilization to obtain dried crude extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the G. glabra extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia were determined using broth dilution method and streaking on blood agar plates. The gel was then prepared accordingly using Carbopol 940. The antibacterial activity of the prepared G. glabra gel was tested and compared to CHX gel using the agar well diffusion assay. RESULTS: The MIC of G. glabra extract was found to be 15 mg against A. actinomycetamcomitans and T. forsythia and 7.5 mg against P. gingivalis. The MBC of the G. glabra extract was 30 mg for all three organisms. The antibacterial effects of the prepared licorice gel were assessed using agar well diffusion assay, and it showed that 100 μl of prepared licorice gel had a greater effect on A. actinomycetamcomitans and T. forsythia but not P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION: Licorice extract showed inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetamcomitans, and T. forsythia.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"3 1","pages":"48 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87551865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_489_22
Naren Rajendran, K. Sureshkumar, S. Kailash, Sivabackiya Chitravelu, Niha Rumaisa
BACKGROUND: Restricting the availability of alcohol in “dry states” and during the COVID-19 lockdown reveal illegal trading and consumption of illicit liquor leading to deaths and use of alternate harmful substances. The current study aims to fill the gaps in the literature to study alcohol usage and its procurement during its complete ban of sale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of purposively sampled alcohol-dependent patients (n = 62) was conducted in an OPD setting, comparing two time periods: before and during total lockdown 2020. After reinforcing confidentiality and privacy, data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Alcohol usage during the lockdown was positively related to severity of alcohol dependence syndrome (r = 0.67, P = 0.00), quantity of alcohol consumed (r = 0.59, P = 0.00), and its cost of procurement (r = 0.43, P = 0.00) before lockdown. During the lockdown, the proportion of consuming alcohol more than or equal to 90 units weekly significantly decreased (Pearson Chi-square = 4.12, P = 0.04) and their predicting factors are rural residential location, moderate-income bracket, low socioeconomic class, and severe alcohol dependence. Furthermore, a significant increase in the proportion of procuring alcohol from the black market or used illicit liquor was observed (Fisher's exact test P = 0.00) with higher odds being associated with illegal procurement before lockdown (odds ratio = 22.00; 95% confidence interval = 3.93–123.28; P = 0.00). Increased use of alternate substances such as nicotine (37.1%) and cannabis (9.7%) during the lockdown was also observed. CONCLUSION: Although alcohol consumed did not significantly differ, illegal sources and money spent on procurement increased during the lockdown. Thus, a legal ban of liquor sales did not benefit alcohol dependence patients, and such restriction availability strategies may benefit from health awareness, treatment, and psychosocial support.
背景:在“干旱状态”和COVID-19封锁期间限制酒精供应，表明非法交易和消费非法酒精导致死亡和使用替代有害物质。目前的研究旨在填补文献中的空白，研究酒精的使用和在完全禁止销售期间的采购。材料和方法:在OPD环境中对有目的取样的酒精依赖患者(n = 62)进行了一项横断面研究，比较了两个时间段:2020年全面封锁之前和期间。在加强保密和隐私之后，收集和分析数据。结果:封城期间酒精使用与封城前酒精依赖综合征严重程度(r = 0.67, P = 0.00)、酒精消费量(r = 0.59, P = 0.00)和采购成本(r = 0.43, P = 0.00)呈正相关。在封城期间，每周饮酒量大于或等于90单位的比例显著下降(Pearson卡方= 4.12,P = 0.04)，其预测因素为农村居住地、中等收入阶层、低社会经济阶层和严重酒精依赖。此外，观察到从黑市购买酒精或使用非法酒的比例显著增加(Fisher确切检验P = 0.00)，与封锁前非法采购相关的几率更高(优势比= 22.00;95%置信区间= 3.93-123.28;P = 0.00)。还观察到，在封锁期间，尼古丁(37.1%)和大麻(9.7%)等替代物质的使用有所增加。结论:虽然酒精消费量没有显著差异，但在封锁期间，非法来源和用于采购的资金增加了。因此，法律禁止酒类销售对酒精依赖患者没有好处，而这种限制供应策略可能受益于健康意识、治疗和社会心理支持。
{"title":"Does a ban on liquor sales benefit alcohol dependence patients? A study on usage and procurement of alcohol during the COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"Naren Rajendran, K. Sureshkumar, S. Kailash, Sivabackiya Chitravelu, Niha Rumaisa","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_489_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_489_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Restricting the availability of alcohol in “dry states” and during the COVID-19 lockdown reveal illegal trading and consumption of illicit liquor leading to deaths and use of alternate harmful substances. The current study aims to fill the gaps in the literature to study alcohol usage and its procurement during its complete ban of sale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of purposively sampled alcohol-dependent patients (n = 62) was conducted in an OPD setting, comparing two time periods: before and during total lockdown 2020. After reinforcing confidentiality and privacy, data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Alcohol usage during the lockdown was positively related to severity of alcohol dependence syndrome (r = 0.67, P = 0.00), quantity of alcohol consumed (r = 0.59, P = 0.00), and its cost of procurement (r = 0.43, P = 0.00) before lockdown. During the lockdown, the proportion of consuming alcohol more than or equal to 90 units weekly significantly decreased (Pearson Chi-square = 4.12, P = 0.04) and their predicting factors are rural residential location, moderate-income bracket, low socioeconomic class, and severe alcohol dependence. Furthermore, a significant increase in the proportion of procuring alcohol from the black market or used illicit liquor was observed (Fisher's exact test P = 0.00) with higher odds being associated with illegal procurement before lockdown (odds ratio = 22.00; 95% confidence interval = 3.93–123.28; P = 0.00). Increased use of alternate substances such as nicotine (37.1%) and cannabis (9.7%) during the lockdown was also observed. CONCLUSION: Although alcohol consumed did not significantly differ, illegal sources and money spent on procurement increased during the lockdown. Thus, a legal ban of liquor sales did not benefit alcohol dependence patients, and such restriction availability strategies may benefit from health awareness, treatment, and psychosocial support.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"36 1","pages":"130 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89724239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_526_22
Rathinasamy Muthusami, K. Saritha
{"title":"Human monkeypox pandemic in 2022","authors":"Rathinasamy Muthusami, K. Saritha","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_526_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_526_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"35 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77202445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_413_22
Shubham Kumar, Bhargav Dessai
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing among the young population in India. Change in lifestyle is the main reason for such an increase in prevalence. Although MI in young is less severe than in old patients, it causes a significant morbidity to the individual. Young MI has the potential of being a major public health problem in our country and its complications can cause major morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is necessary to understand the prevalence of risk factors in order to improve our strategies for the prevention and management of young MI. AIM: To study profile of young patients (≤45 years) suffering from acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care centre in Goa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective record-based study was conducted on patients aged ≤45 years who suffered from ST-elevation MI and were admitted in Goa Medical College, Bambolim, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Data on anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics, clinical profile, hospital stay, complications, and other details were extracted from these records. RESULTS: Among the 176 patients, 73 (42%) patients consumed alcohol, 116 (66%) were current smokers, 48 (28%) were diagnosed with hypertension (HTN), 92 (48%) were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, and 34 (20%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the patients, 36 (21%) had a history of coronary artery disease and 56 (32%) had a history of HTN. Fifty-three (30%) had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the family; among them, 27 had diabetes and 10 were prediabetic. Fifty-six (31%) participants were admitted for >7 days following MI. Forty-eight (27%) had complications post-MI. Trend analysis showed a significant association of complications and increased hospital stay with type 2 DM (T2DM), HTN, smoking, and dyslipidemia (P < 0.05). Most of the patients 91% of T2DM, 90% of hypertensives, and 83% of patients suffering from dyslipidemia were diagnosed after they were admitted with MI. CONCLUSION: As we already know that the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is already rising in the general population, there is also an alarming rising trend of IHD in young people too. This study provides the prevalence of assorted risk factors in young MI. The rising trend of complications with an increase in risk factors studied in our group makes early diagnosis imperative for better management and prevention of complications. Increased burden of IHD in young people will lead to decreased quality of life, increased morbidity, and mortality and also have an increased economic burden for the society. This underscores the importance of building capacity of the primary health-care system for early detection of diabetes, HTN, and dyslipidemia and making people aware of unwarranted effects of smoking and alcohol consumption. Proper management and prevention of the above said risk factors would go a long way in preventing young MI as described in this study.
{"title":"Epidemiological profile among young patients (≤45 years) suffering from acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care center in Goa","authors":"Shubham Kumar, Bhargav Dessai","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_413_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_413_22","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing among the young population in India. Change in lifestyle is the main reason for such an increase in prevalence. Although MI in young is less severe than in old patients, it causes a significant morbidity to the individual. Young MI has the potential of being a major public health problem in our country and its complications can cause major morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is necessary to understand the prevalence of risk factors in order to improve our strategies for the prevention and management of young MI. AIM: To study profile of young patients (≤45 years) suffering from acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care centre in Goa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective record-based study was conducted on patients aged ≤45 years who suffered from ST-elevation MI and were admitted in Goa Medical College, Bambolim, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Data on anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics, clinical profile, hospital stay, complications, and other details were extracted from these records. RESULTS: Among the 176 patients, 73 (42%) patients consumed alcohol, 116 (66%) were current smokers, 48 (28%) were diagnosed with hypertension (HTN), 92 (48%) were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, and 34 (20%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the patients, 36 (21%) had a history of coronary artery disease and 56 (32%) had a history of HTN. Fifty-three (30%) had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the family; among them, 27 had diabetes and 10 were prediabetic. Fifty-six (31%) participants were admitted for >7 days following MI. Forty-eight (27%) had complications post-MI. Trend analysis showed a significant association of complications and increased hospital stay with type 2 DM (T2DM), HTN, smoking, and dyslipidemia (P < 0.05). Most of the patients 91% of T2DM, 90% of hypertensives, and 83% of patients suffering from dyslipidemia were diagnosed after they were admitted with MI. CONCLUSION: As we already know that the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is already rising in the general population, there is also an alarming rising trend of IHD in young people too. This study provides the prevalence of assorted risk factors in young MI. The rising trend of complications with an increase in risk factors studied in our group makes early diagnosis imperative for better management and prevention of complications. Increased burden of IHD in young people will lead to decreased quality of life, increased morbidity, and mortality and also have an increased economic burden for the society. This underscores the importance of building capacity of the primary health-care system for early detection of diabetes, HTN, and dyslipidemia and making people aware of unwarranted effects of smoking and alcohol consumption. Proper management and prevention of the above said risk factors would go a long way in preventing young MI as described in this study.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"6 1","pages":"125 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91267236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_184_22
Rupchandra Navelkar, I. Pereira, F. Vaz
BACKGROUND: Major adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can cause significant morbidity and can compromise the treatment regimen. This can result in substantial additional cost due to added outpatient visits to the health facility or laboratory investigations or hospitalization in serious instances. Treatment is often prolonged with additional challenge of compliance. Hence, there is a need to monitor and manage these ADRs timely for better patient care and outcome. This study was carried out with the objective of studying the pattern of ADRs due to first-line antitubercular drugs and to carry out the causality and severity assessment of the reported ADRs. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted at four DOTS centers. All tuberculosis (TB) patients registered and receiving treatment under DOTS were enrolled for the study and were followed up at regular intervals till the end of their treatment. Patients' demographic, personal, disease, investigation, and ADRs details were entered in a predesigned patient recording form. Causality assessment of all ADRs were done using Naranjo algorithm. Severity assessment was done using modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the institute. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. RESULTS: Of 186 patients, 23 patients (12.26%) developed one or more ADRs. The average number of ADRs per person was 1.43. Majority of the ADRs were reported in the 20–40 years of age group and ADRs were more likely to be among females compared to males. There was no association between type of TB, site of TB, regimen of anti-TB drugs, treatment outcomes, and ADRs. Around 84.85% and 15.15% of ADRs were classified as of mild and moderate severity, respectively, as per modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, while, as per Naranjo algorithm, 72.73% of the ADRs were classified as probable and 27.27% of ADRs as possible. No ADRs were classified as definite. CONCLUSION: Thorough understanding of the various ADRs and their management will help in the effective treatment of TB as well as designing effective counseling methods, which will help in adherence to treatment and also to have better compliance.
背景:主要的药物不良反应(adr)可导致显著的发病率，并可能危及治疗方案。这可能导致大量额外费用，因为增加了对卫生设施的门诊访问或实验室检查，或在严重情况下住院。治疗通常会延长，并带来额外的依从性挑战。因此，有必要及时监测和管理这些不良反应，以获得更好的患者护理和结果。本研究的目的是研究一线抗结核药物引起的不良反应模式，并对报告的不良反应进行因果关系和严重程度评估。方法:在四个DOTS中心进行前瞻性观察研究。所有登记并在DOTS下接受治疗的结核病患者都参加了这项研究，并定期随访，直到治疗结束。患者的人口统计、个人、疾病、调查和不良反应的详细信息输入到预先设计的患者记录表格中。所有不良反应的因果关系评价采用Naranjo算法。采用改良的Hartwig和Siegel量表进行严重程度评估。该研究得到了该研究所机构伦理委员会的批准。采用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows进行统计分析。结果:186例患者中，23例(12.26%)出现一种或多种不良反应。人均adr数量为1.43。大多数不良反应报告发生在20-40岁年龄组，与男性相比，女性更容易发生不良反应。结核类型、结核部位、抗结核药物方案、治疗结果和不良反应之间没有关联。根据改进的Hartwig和Siegel量表，分别有84.85%和15.15%的adr被划分为轻度和中度，而根据Naranjo算法，72.73%的adr被划分为可能adr, 27.27%的adr被划分为可能adr。没有adr被归类为明确的。结论:深入了解各种不良反应及其管理，有助于有效治疗结核病，设计有效的咨询方法，有助于患者坚持治疗，提高依从性。
{"title":"Adverse drug reactions to first-line antituberculosis drugs at four DOTS centers in Goa, India","authors":"Rupchandra Navelkar, I. Pereira, F. Vaz","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_184_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_184_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Major adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can cause significant morbidity and can compromise the treatment regimen. This can result in substantial additional cost due to added outpatient visits to the health facility or laboratory investigations or hospitalization in serious instances. Treatment is often prolonged with additional challenge of compliance. Hence, there is a need to monitor and manage these ADRs timely for better patient care and outcome. This study was carried out with the objective of studying the pattern of ADRs due to first-line antitubercular drugs and to carry out the causality and severity assessment of the reported ADRs. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted at four DOTS centers. All tuberculosis (TB) patients registered and receiving treatment under DOTS were enrolled for the study and were followed up at regular intervals till the end of their treatment. Patients' demographic, personal, disease, investigation, and ADRs details were entered in a predesigned patient recording form. Causality assessment of all ADRs were done using Naranjo algorithm. Severity assessment was done using modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the institute. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. RESULTS: Of 186 patients, 23 patients (12.26%) developed one or more ADRs. The average number of ADRs per person was 1.43. Majority of the ADRs were reported in the 20–40 years of age group and ADRs were more likely to be among females compared to males. There was no association between type of TB, site of TB, regimen of anti-TB drugs, treatment outcomes, and ADRs. Around 84.85% and 15.15% of ADRs were classified as of mild and moderate severity, respectively, as per modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, while, as per Naranjo algorithm, 72.73% of the ADRs were classified as probable and 27.27% of ADRs as possible. No ADRs were classified as definite. CONCLUSION: Thorough understanding of the various ADRs and their management will help in the effective treatment of TB as well as designing effective counseling methods, which will help in adherence to treatment and also to have better compliance.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"1 1","pages":"115 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83543696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_517_22
A. Sasidharan, S. Gopalakrishnan, S. Mohandas
A normal body weight can be maintained by balancing skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat mass (BFM). InBody™ 270 is an easy-to-use bioelectrical impedance device when it comes to monitoring body parameters such as SMM and BFM. Such body parameters when kept in balance can reduce lifestyle diseases. This case report is an attempt to elucidate the impact of different diet plans and exercise regimens on changing (recomposition) the body composition parameters (SMM, BFM, etc.). One of the authors performed the experiments and recorded the observations. The blueprint for the diet included strategies such as low-calorie plans and intermittent fasting. The exercise regimen had different combinations of whole-body strength training four times a week. Almost eight kg of BFM was lost. The body weight had been brought to normalcy, and at the same time, SMM was preserved due to dietary interventions and exercises.
{"title":"Impact of low-calorie diet plans and structured strength training regimens on body recomposition: A four-month case report","authors":"A. Sasidharan, S. Gopalakrishnan, S. Mohandas","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_517_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_517_22","url":null,"abstract":"A normal body weight can be maintained by balancing skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat mass (BFM). InBody™ 270 is an easy-to-use bioelectrical impedance device when it comes to monitoring body parameters such as SMM and BFM. Such body parameters when kept in balance can reduce lifestyle diseases. This case report is an attempt to elucidate the impact of different diet plans and exercise regimens on changing (recomposition) the body composition parameters (SMM, BFM, etc.). One of the authors performed the experiments and recorded the observations. The blueprint for the diet included strategies such as low-calorie plans and intermittent fasting. The exercise regimen had different combinations of whole-body strength training four times a week. Almost eight kg of BFM was lost. The body weight had been brought to normalcy, and at the same time, SMM was preserved due to dietary interventions and exercises.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"48 1","pages":"166 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79468257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_558_22
M. Al-Mendalawi
{"title":"Vitamin D status of children at a tertiary care hospital of Agartala, North-East India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Al-Mendalawi","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_558_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_558_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80663958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_418_22
Anushri Patil, N. Tyagi, J. Prasad
BACKGROUND: Age at marriage is one of the proximate determinants of fertility. Women with early age at marriage experiences early motherhood, associated with high fertility, low education, and rural residence accompanied with poverty. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate age at marriage and factors affecting it and its effect on first birth interval (FBI) using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY: Inclusion criteria were availability of full- and free-text articles, published in English language, and current married age of mother being 13 years and above. PubMed and Google search was used for systematic review for the study. Meta-analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2013. RESULTS: Pooled-weighted average age at marriage was 19.96 years (with 4.26 standard error). The age at marriage in China was highest (21.56 years). Literacy and occupation of women had significant effect on age at marriage. Urbanization could not affect significantly on age at marriage. Furthermore, FBI has been modified by age at marriage.
{"title":"Age at marriage and first birth interval: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Anushri Patil, N. Tyagi, J. Prasad","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_418_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_418_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Age at marriage is one of the proximate determinants of fertility. Women with early age at marriage experiences early motherhood, associated with high fertility, low education, and rural residence accompanied with poverty. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate age at marriage and factors affecting it and its effect on first birth interval (FBI) using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY: Inclusion criteria were availability of full- and free-text articles, published in English language, and current married age of mother being 13 years and above. PubMed and Google search was used for systematic review for the study. Meta-analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2013. RESULTS: Pooled-weighted average age at marriage was 19.96 years (with 4.26 standard error). The age at marriage in China was highest (21.56 years). Literacy and occupation of women had significant effect on age at marriage. Urbanization could not affect significantly on age at marriage. Furthermore, FBI has been modified by age at marriage.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"202 1","pages":"142 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80216446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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