T. Utami, Giyarto Giyarto, T. F. Djaafar, E. Rahayu
Fermentation of peanut milk added with various sucrose concentrations using candidate probiotic strain of Lactobacillus paracasei SNP-2 was investigated, and the lactic acid bacteria survival during storage of the fermented peanut milk drinks were also studied. Peanut milk fermentations were carried out at 37°C for 18 h. It was found that peanut milk without addition of sucrose could support the growth of L. paracasei SNP-2, but not the production of lactic acid. Fermentation of peanut milk with addition of 2-10% sucrose significantly increased the production of lactic acid. The numbers of lactic acid bacteria showed no marked reduction in the fermented peanut milk drinks during storage at 4°C for 21 days, still sufficiently high to exert beneficial probiotic effects in the host. Fermented peanut milk drink using L. paracasei SNP-2 can be used as a non-dairy probiotic product.
{"title":"Growth of Lactobacillus paracasei SNP-2 in Peanut Milk and Its Survival in Fermented Peanut Milk Drink During Storage","authors":"T. Utami, Giyarto Giyarto, T. F. Djaafar, E. Rahayu","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.116","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentation of peanut milk added with various sucrose concentrations using candidate probiotic strain of Lactobacillus paracasei SNP-2 was investigated, and the lactic acid bacteria survival during storage of the fermented peanut milk drinks were also studied. Peanut milk fermentations were carried out at 37°C for 18 h. It was found that peanut milk without addition of sucrose could support the growth of L. paracasei SNP-2, but not the production of lactic acid. Fermentation of peanut milk with addition of 2-10% sucrose significantly increased the production of lactic acid. The numbers of lactic acid bacteria showed no marked reduction in the fermented peanut milk drinks during storage at 4°C for 21 days, still sufficiently high to exert beneficial probiotic effects in the host. Fermented peanut milk drink using L. paracasei SNP-2 can be used as a non-dairy probiotic product.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. W. Marseno, P. Haryanti, Binardo Adiseno, H. Haryadi
Indonesia has a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and usually discarded as agricultural waste. The major component of this oil palm EFB is cellulose, which is useful for food industry in the form of cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). This paper reported about a method to prepare HPC from oil palm EFB as cellulose source. Oil palm EFB was dried, cut and milled to obtain EFB powder passed from 60 mesh screen. Cellulose in the EFB powder was extracted using 4% NaOH at 100oC for 3.5 h, and then bleached using 5% NaOCl at 30oC for 3 h. HPC was synthesized from cellulose using NaOH at 5-25% at 25oC for 1 h, then propylene oxide (PO) at 0.6-1.4 mL per g cellulose was added to the slurry and the temperature was adjusted to 55oC for 3 h. HPC from EFB cellulose had more less characters than its commercial especially in purity level. Alkalization using 10% NaOH and its etherification using 1.4% (v/w) PO gave HPC with the highest molar substitution (MS), viscosity, purity and crystallinity i.e. 0.1049; 76.88 cps; 76.91% and 24.39%, respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxypropylcellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)","authors":"D. W. Marseno, P. Haryanti, Binardo Adiseno, H. Haryadi","doi":"10.22146/jifnp.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jifnp.112","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and usually discarded as agricultural waste. The major component of this oil palm EFB is cellulose, which is useful for food industry in the form of cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). This paper reported about a method to prepare HPC from oil palm EFB as cellulose source. Oil palm EFB was dried, cut and milled to obtain EFB powder passed from 60 mesh screen. Cellulose in the EFB powder was extracted using 4% NaOH at 100oC for 3.5 h, and then bleached using 5% NaOCl at 30oC for 3 h. HPC was synthesized from cellulose using NaOH at 5-25% at 25oC for 1 h, then propylene oxide (PO) at 0.6-1.4 mL per g cellulose was added to the slurry and the temperature was adjusted to 55oC for 3 h. HPC from EFB cellulose had more less characters than its commercial especially in purity level. Alkalization using 10% NaOH and its etherification using 1.4% (v/w) PO gave HPC with the highest molar substitution (MS), viscosity, purity and crystallinity i.e. 0.1049; 76.88 cps; 76.91% and 24.39%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defatted nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) seeds as by-products of oil extraction is a rich source of protein. In order to evaluate its potential as value-added of nyamplung seeds, nyamplung proteins were isolated by solubilization-precipitation method at pH 3 and 5. The obtaining protein isolates were characterized with respect to their functional properties, including water binding capacity, oil binding capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, gelation capacity, and amino acid composition. The results show that nyamplung protein could be considered as high protein quality because essential amino acids leucine (4.39 %), proline (4.22 %), valine (3.34 %), aspartic acid (3.23 %) and lysine (3.34 %) were found to be the major amino acids. Polar amino acids were higher than non-polar amino acid (1.7 times). With the consequence in higher ratio of water binding capacity to oil binding capacity (2.7 times) and high value of hydrophile-lypophile balance. In general, the isolated protein from precipitation at pH 3 (IP3) was found to have better functional properties than that being precipitated at pH (IP5), and showed excellent in water binding, emulsifying, gelation and foaming properties. In conclusion, IP3 can be utilized as high quality proteins and emulsifier in oil in water emulsion system.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of The Functional Properties of The Major Protein Fraction from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum)","authors":"Muhammad Prima Putra, Pudji Hastuti","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.114","url":null,"abstract":"Defatted nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) seeds as by-products of oil extraction is a rich source of protein. In order to evaluate its potential as value-added of nyamplung seeds, nyamplung proteins were isolated by solubilization-precipitation method at pH 3 and 5. The obtaining protein isolates were characterized with respect to their functional properties, including water binding capacity, oil binding capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, gelation capacity, and amino acid composition. The results show that nyamplung protein could be considered as high protein quality because essential amino acids leucine (4.39 %), proline (4.22 %), valine (3.34 %), aspartic acid (3.23 %) and lysine (3.34 %) were found to be the major amino acids. Polar amino acids were higher than non-polar amino acid (1.7 times). With the consequence in higher ratio of water binding capacity to oil binding capacity (2.7 times) and high value of hydrophile-lypophile balance. In general, the isolated protein from precipitation at pH 3 (IP3) was found to have better functional properties than that being precipitated at pH (IP5), and showed excellent in water binding, emulsifying, gelation and foaming properties. In conclusion, IP3 can be utilized as high quality proteins and emulsifier in oil in water emulsion system.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification. The problem in the product of transesterification is the presence of impurities such as mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. So that, the purification using solvent fractionation is needed to separate them from FAME. The objective of this research were to determine the effects of crude fatty acid methyl esters-to-acetone (CFAME/acetone) ratio on yield, purity, purification factor, and recovery of FAME after fractionation and to evaluate the impurities which were separated in each step of fractionation. FAME were produced from Jatropha curcas oil using Berchmans’s and Tiwari’s methods. The impurities were separated by solvent fractionation using acetone. CFAME/acetone ratios were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Fractionation was done stepwise namely 21 ° C, 16 ° C, 12 ° C, and 5 ° C. The results showed that the conversion of FAME using Tiwari’s method was 1.7-fold higher than Berchmans’s method. Purification of FAME using solvent fractionation resulted that the best CFAME/acetone ratio was 1. Yield decreased 1.6-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 4. Purity decreased 8.74% with an increase in CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 5. Purification factor decreased 2-fold at CFAME/acetone 1 to 3. Recovery decreased 1.3-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 4. The impurities which were separated from FAME were mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and the major component of impurities was triglycerides (>59%). The results indicated that solvent fractionation could be used as an alternative method for purifying FAME and further study to optimize this method was needed.
{"title":"Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Jatropha curcas Oil and Its Purification Using Solvent Fractionation","authors":"A. K. Wardhani, C. Hidayat","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.113","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification. The problem in the product of transesterification is the presence of impurities such as mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. So that, the purification using solvent fractionation is needed to separate them from FAME. The objective of this research were to determine the effects of crude fatty acid methyl esters-to-acetone (CFAME/acetone) ratio on yield, purity, purification factor, and recovery of FAME after fractionation and to evaluate the impurities which were separated in each step of fractionation. FAME were produced from Jatropha curcas oil using Berchmans’s and Tiwari’s methods. The impurities were separated by solvent fractionation using acetone. CFAME/acetone ratios were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Fractionation was done stepwise namely 21 ° C, 16 ° C, 12 ° C, and 5 ° C. The results showed that the conversion of FAME using Tiwari’s method was 1.7-fold higher than Berchmans’s method. Purification of FAME using solvent fractionation resulted that the best CFAME/acetone ratio was 1. Yield decreased 1.6-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 4. Purity decreased 8.74% with an increase in CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 5. Purification factor decreased 2-fold at CFAME/acetone 1 to 3. Recovery decreased 1.3-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 4. The impurities which were separated from FAME were mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and the major component of impurities was triglycerides (>59%). The results indicated that solvent fractionation could be used as an alternative method for purifying FAME and further study to optimize this method was needed.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of Penicillium in cocoa and coffee beans, and dried cassava are detrimental due to its ability in ochratoxin A (OTA) production which carcinogenic and mutagenic to human. Objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Penicillium from cocoa, coffee beans and dried cassava in Yogyakarta by morphological and molecular characteristics, as well as to observe the ability of these isolates in OTA production on Yeast Extract Sucrose Agar (YES) medium. In this study, morphological characteristics were mainly based on the growth of isolates on identification media, while molecular characteristics were based on the similarity of PCR products using ITS4 and ITS5 as primers. OTA was detected by ELISA and UPLC methods. The result showed that 15 of 16 representative isolates obtained during this study were identified as Penicillium citrinum , one of the representative isolate from cocoa beans was identified as Penicillium paneum. Surprisingly, 13 among 15 of the obtained P. citrinum isolates from cocoa and coffee beans were positive in the production of OTA in YES medium, at the concentration of 4.64 to 25.26 µg/g media, while OTA was not detected in YES grown media by P. paneum and two isolates of P. citrinum from dried cassava. Conclusion of this study, the most found species Penicillium in cocoa and coffee beans were belong to P. citrinum which likely have a capability in the production of OTA.
{"title":"Penicillium Species Isolated From Cocoa, Coffee Beans, and Dried Cassava in Yogyakarta Indonesia and Their Ochratoxin Production","authors":"M. Moulia, Sigit Setyabudi, B. Salleh, E. Rahayu","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.115","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of Penicillium in cocoa and coffee beans, and dried cassava are detrimental due to its ability in ochratoxin A (OTA) production which carcinogenic and mutagenic to human. Objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Penicillium from cocoa, coffee beans and dried cassava in Yogyakarta by morphological and molecular characteristics, as well as to observe the ability of these isolates in OTA production on Yeast Extract Sucrose Agar (YES) medium. In this study, morphological characteristics were mainly based on the growth of isolates on identification media, while molecular characteristics were based on the similarity of PCR products using ITS4 and ITS5 as primers. OTA was detected by ELISA and UPLC methods. The result showed that 15 of 16 representative isolates obtained during this study were identified as Penicillium citrinum , one of the representative isolate from cocoa beans was identified as Penicillium paneum. Surprisingly, 13 among 15 of the obtained P. citrinum isolates from cocoa and coffee beans were positive in the production of OTA in YES medium, at the concentration of 4.64 to 25.26 µg/g media, while OTA was not detected in YES grown media by P. paneum and two isolates of P. citrinum from dried cassava. Conclusion of this study, the most found species Penicillium in cocoa and coffee beans were belong to P. citrinum which likely have a capability in the production of OTA.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pujimulyani, A. Wazyka, S. Anggrahini, U. Santoso
Study on antioxidative properties of white saffron extract in the emulsion system of b-carotene linoleic acid (b-carotene bleaching method) and DPPH-radical scavenging method was undertaken. The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidative activity of white saffron extract in the emulsion system of b-carotene linoleic acid and for radical scavenging activity by DPPH method. The extraction was carried out as follows: fresh white saffron was peeled and blanched in the 0.5% boiling citric acid solution for 5 minutes, the blanched white saffron was grated, and added distilled water. The ratio between grated white saffron and distilled water were 1 : 1 ; 1 : 2 ; 1 : 3, and 1 : 4. The mixture was then mannually filtered through cloth to obtain white saffron extract. The antioxidant acttvity of white saffron extract was evaluated in the emulsion system of b-carotene linoleic acid and DPPH- radical scavenging method with reference standard of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) and linoleic acid with no while saffron extract as a control. The results of this study showed that the oxidative inhibition of white saffron extract in the emulsion system of â-carotene linoleic acid was not significantly different from to BHA 200 ppm. The lower ratio of grated white saffron and distilled water, the lower percent free radical scavenging capacity. The higher white saffron extract concentration (white saffron : distilled water = 1: 2) the higher percent free radical scavenging capacity.
{"title":"Antioxidative Properties of White Saffron Extract (Curcuma mangga Val) in The B-Carotene Bleaching and DPPH-Radical Scavenging Methods","authors":"D. Pujimulyani, A. Wazyka, S. Anggrahini, U. Santoso","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.36","url":null,"abstract":"Study on antioxidative properties of white saffron extract in the emulsion system of b-carotene linoleic acid (b-carotene bleaching method) and DPPH-radical scavenging method was undertaken. The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidative activity of white saffron extract in the emulsion system of b-carotene linoleic acid and for radical scavenging activity by DPPH method. The extraction was carried out as follows: fresh white saffron was peeled and blanched in the 0.5% boiling citric acid solution for 5 minutes, the blanched white saffron was grated, and added distilled water. The ratio between grated white saffron and distilled water were 1 : 1 ; 1 : 2 ; 1 : 3, and 1 : 4. The mixture was then mannually filtered through cloth to obtain white saffron extract. The antioxidant acttvity of white saffron extract was evaluated in the emulsion system of b-carotene linoleic acid and DPPH- radical scavenging method with reference standard of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) and linoleic acid with no while saffron extract as a control. The results of this study showed that the oxidative inhibition of white saffron extract in the emulsion system of â-carotene linoleic acid was not significantly different from to BHA 200 ppm. The lower ratio of grated white saffron and distilled water, the lower percent free radical scavenging capacity. The higher white saffron extract concentration (white saffron : distilled water = 1: 2) the higher percent free radical scavenging capacity.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68342110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A potent antiradical and antiphotooxidant compound from Aloe vera chinensis was investigated. The results indicated that the methanolic extracts produced stronger antiradical and antiphotoaxidant activity also gave higher yields of extract than other organic solvents. Silica gel column separated methanolic extracts into five fractions. Of the five fractions, fraction II possessed significant antiradical activity (70.2 % inhibition on free radical DPPH) and its showed significant antiphotooxidant activity (60.1 % inhibition on hydroperoxide formation). Subsequently, fraction II was separated into eight subfractions by silica gel column. The sub fraction II-b exhibited stronger antiradical and antiphotooxidant activity than others and showed a single spot in thin layer chromatography Silica gel 60 F 254 plates. On the basis of mass spectrophotometry in combination with reversed phased, high performance chromatography, this compound has been identified as 1,8 dihydroxy-3- hydroxymethylanthraquinone (Aloe emodin).
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Antiradical and Anti-photooxidant Component of Aloe vera chinensis","authors":"Y. Dewi, T. Tranggono, S. Raharjo, Puji Hastuti","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.30","url":null,"abstract":"A potent antiradical and antiphotooxidant compound from Aloe vera chinensis was investigated. The results indicated that the methanolic extracts produced stronger antiradical and antiphotoaxidant activity also gave higher yields of extract than other organic solvents. Silica gel column separated methanolic extracts into five fractions. Of the five fractions, fraction II possessed significant antiradical activity (70.2 % inhibition on free radical DPPH) and its showed significant antiphotooxidant activity (60.1 % inhibition on hydroperoxide formation). Subsequently, fraction II was separated into eight subfractions by silica gel column. The sub fraction II-b exhibited stronger antiradical and antiphotooxidant activity than others and showed a single spot in thin layer chromatography Silica gel 60 F 254 plates. On the basis of mass spectrophotometry in combination with reversed phased, high performance chromatography, this compound has been identified as 1,8 dihydroxy-3- hydroxymethylanthraquinone (Aloe emodin).","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a traditional food ingredient characterized by its specific and refreshing aroma. This study was intended determine to the effect of lemon grass extract in both autooxidation and photooxidation reaction in model systems. Lemon grass was extracted sequentially with hexane, acetone and ethanol. The antioxidative effects of the extracts were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-spicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching method and linoleic acid system. The photooxidation reaction system was consisted of linoleic acid (0,03 M) in methanol containing 100 ppm erythrosine as a sensitizer and the reaction mixture was exposed under 4000 lux fluorescent light for up to 5 hours. Total phenolic content of acetone, hexane and ethanol extracts were 20.38, 7.65, and 4.97 mg/100g, respectively, which was expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The addition of acetone extracts of lemon grass at 200 and 500 ppm in the reaction mixture showed the highest scavenging activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-spicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching and linoleic acid system.
{"title":"Anti-Autooxidative and Anti-Photooxidative Effect of Lemon Grass Extracts (Cymbopogon citratus)","authors":"S. Raharjo, E. Suryanto","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.31","url":null,"abstract":"Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a traditional food ingredient characterized by its specific and refreshing aroma. This study was intended determine to the effect of lemon grass extract in both autooxidation and photooxidation reaction in model systems. Lemon grass was extracted sequentially with hexane, acetone and ethanol. The antioxidative effects of the extracts were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-spicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching method and linoleic acid system. The photooxidation reaction system was consisted of linoleic acid (0,03 M) in methanol containing 100 ppm erythrosine as a sensitizer and the reaction mixture was exposed under 4000 lux fluorescent light for up to 5 hours. Total phenolic content of acetone, hexane and ethanol extracts were 20.38, 7.65, and 4.97 mg/100g, respectively, which was expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The addition of acetone extracts of lemon grass at 200 and 500 ppm in the reaction mixture showed the highest scavenging activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-spicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching and linoleic acid system.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanuartono Yanuartono, H. Wuryastuti, R. Wasito, S. Raharjo
Thirty male rats, strain Sprague Dawley were used as experimental animal to study the role of death receptor pathway apoptosis in atherogenesis due to high fat and high cholesterol diet. The rats were randomly alloted into three group (I, II, III) of 10 each. Group I as control was fed normal diet, group II was fed diet containing high fat diet, and group III was fed containing high fat and high cholesterol diet (atherogenic diet). After 6 and 12 weeks on experimental diet, 15 rats were selected randomly (5 rats of each group). All animal were then killed and the aorta were taken out for caspase-8 immunohistochemical analysis. Based on the present study result it can be concluded that high cholesterol and/or high fat diet induced apoptosis through death receptor pathway via caspase-8.
{"title":"The Role of Extrinsic Pathway (Death Receptor Pathway) Apoptosis through Caspase-8 in Atherogenesis due to High Fat and High Cholesterol Diet","authors":"Yanuartono Yanuartono, H. Wuryastuti, R. Wasito, S. Raharjo","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.33","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty male rats, strain Sprague Dawley were used as experimental animal to study the role of death receptor pathway apoptosis in atherogenesis due to high fat and high cholesterol diet. The rats were randomly alloted into three group (I, II, III) of 10 each. Group I as control was fed normal diet, group II was fed diet containing high fat diet, and group III was fed containing high fat and high cholesterol diet (atherogenic diet). After 6 and 12 weeks on experimental diet, 15 rats were selected randomly (5 rats of each group). All animal were then killed and the aorta were taken out for caspase-8 immunohistochemical analysis. Based on the present study result it can be concluded that high cholesterol and/or high fat diet induced apoptosis through death receptor pathway via caspase-8.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68341972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquatic organisms exposed to low lovel natural heavy metals pollutant tend to accumulate in their tissue by means of metabolic and biosorption processes. However, the influence of external environment to heavy metal bioavailability and internal organism characteristics to bioaccumulation processes remain uncertain. In this work, the influence of Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg bioavailability, feeding strategies and heavy metals homeostasis regulations or detoxification mechanisms to bioaccumulation pattern in aquatic bioindicators were studied. Only Hg in Segara Anakan water samples was determined, while Cu, Zn and Cd were not detected. Sediment samples of Segara Anakan indicated higher heavy metals level than those of Serang river mouth, but only Hg concentration in sediment samples of Segara Anakan which is significantly higher than those of Serang river mouth, while Cd was not detected. The trend of heavy metals bioconcentration ratio of filter feeder Geloina spp and planktonic grazer Penaeus marguensis follows the desorption coefficient, i.e. Zn>Hg>Cu, but the bioconcentration trend in Scilla serrata, which is macrobenthos predator, is Hg>Zn>Cu. The exposed Cu was not accumulated by Geloina spp., but accumulated at highest concentration in the exoskeleton of Penaeus marguensis and cartilage of Scilla serrata. Highest accumulation concentration of Zn and Hg were determined in meat, and lower concentrations were determined at other tissues. The extent of heavy metals bioaccumulation in Geloina spp. and Scilla serrata reflect the pollution of the surrounding environment, but the extent of heavy metal bioaccumulation in Penaeus marguensis were influenced more by its physiological status. Since the environmental exposure of Hg in Segara Anakan estuary was relatively high, pregnant women from this region should consider the potential hazard of Hg to their fetus when consuming aquatic organism of higher trophic level such as estuarine crabs.
{"title":"Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation Pattern of Bivalve Geloina spp., and Crustaceans Penaeus marguensis and Scylla serrata from the Southern Central Java Ocean Margin, and Its Consumer's Safety","authors":"S. Noegrohati","doi":"10.22146/JIFNP.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JIFNP.35","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic organisms exposed to low lovel natural heavy metals pollutant tend to accumulate in their tissue by means of metabolic and biosorption processes. However, the influence of external environment to heavy metal bioavailability and internal organism characteristics to bioaccumulation processes remain uncertain. In this work, the influence of Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg bioavailability, feeding strategies and heavy metals homeostasis regulations or detoxification mechanisms to bioaccumulation pattern in aquatic bioindicators were studied. Only Hg in Segara Anakan water samples was determined, while Cu, Zn and Cd were not detected. Sediment samples of Segara Anakan indicated higher heavy metals level than those of Serang river mouth, but only Hg concentration in sediment samples of Segara Anakan which is significantly higher than those of Serang river mouth, while Cd was not detected. The trend of heavy metals bioconcentration ratio of filter feeder Geloina spp and planktonic grazer Penaeus marguensis follows the desorption coefficient, i.e. Zn>Hg>Cu, but the bioconcentration trend in Scilla serrata, which is macrobenthos predator, is Hg>Zn>Cu. The exposed Cu was not accumulated by Geloina spp., but accumulated at highest concentration in the exoskeleton of Penaeus marguensis and cartilage of Scilla serrata. Highest accumulation concentration of Zn and Hg were determined in meat, and lower concentrations were determined at other tissues. The extent of heavy metals bioaccumulation in Geloina spp. and Scilla serrata reflect the pollution of the surrounding environment, but the extent of heavy metal bioaccumulation in Penaeus marguensis were influenced more by its physiological status. Since the environmental exposure of Hg in Segara Anakan estuary was relatively high, pregnant women from this region should consider the potential hazard of Hg to their fetus when consuming aquatic organism of higher trophic level such as estuarine crabs.","PeriodicalId":13468,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68342096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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