Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2459
Karar Nadhum Jawad Musafer, Hani Ajrina Zulkeflee, Wan Nor Fazila Hafizan Wan Nik, Siti Nadirah Ab Rahim, Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail
Trace elements are micronutrient components that are only required in small amounts but are critical for the biological functions of many human body tissues. Studies in multiple settings found significant connections between diabetic mellitus (DM) and trace elements caused by disturbances of overlapping cellular metabolic systems. Zinc, boron, chromium, and selenium at either extremely high or low levels could elicit some alteration in cellular metabolism. These lead to the development of DM. The changes include 1) the disturbance in the efficient release of insulin secretory granules, 2) the production of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress state, 3) the failure of insulin signalling pathway, and 4) the reduction of glucose tissue uptake secondary to the downregulation of glucose transporters. Both significantly high and low concentrations have been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, conflicting evidence makes their optimum nutritional levels difficult to establish. For example, lead at a trace concentration may accelerate the development of insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to emphasise the metabolic role of the 4 trace elements and their influence on the pathogenesis of diabetes when body levels are below optimal. Understanding the consequences of these elements could pave the way for therapeutic possibilities and breakthroughs in personalised DM management.
{"title":"Unraveling the Complex Role of Zinc, Boron, Chromium, and Selenium in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review","authors":"Karar Nadhum Jawad Musafer, Hani Ajrina Zulkeflee, Wan Nor Fazila Hafizan Wan Nik, Siti Nadirah Ab Rahim, Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2459","url":null,"abstract":"Trace elements are micronutrient components that are only required in small amounts but are critical for the biological functions of many human body tissues. Studies in multiple settings found significant connections between diabetic mellitus (DM) and trace elements caused by disturbances of overlapping cellular metabolic systems. Zinc, boron, chromium, and selenium at either extremely high or low levels could elicit some alteration in cellular metabolism. These lead to the development of DM. The changes include 1) the disturbance in the efficient release of insulin secretory granules, 2) the production of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress state, 3) the failure of insulin signalling pathway, and 4) the reduction of glucose tissue uptake secondary to the downregulation of glucose transporters. Both significantly high and low concentrations have been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, conflicting evidence makes their optimum nutritional levels difficult to establish. For example, lead at a trace concentration may accelerate the development of insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to emphasise the metabolic role of the 4 trace elements and their influence on the pathogenesis of diabetes when body levels are below optimal. Understanding the consequences of these elements could pave the way for therapeutic possibilities and breakthroughs in personalised DM management.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2446
Amin Harun, Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Md Zamri, Mohd Zafrullan Zamberi, Abi Khairul Aizad Za'bah, Siti Fatimah Abd Aziz, Fatimah Ahmad Fauzi
Precision public health using genomic sequencing is a new field that has gained interest from public health practitioners for prevention and control measures. This study aims to identify the various applications of genomic sequencing for the prevention of communicable diseases in public health practice. Articles containing relevant keywords were determined using a systematic search strategy applied in Medline, Scopus, and Springer electronic databases. Full text included in the study was retrieved and categorised. A total of 24 articles were included in the final review. The main themes regarding the application of genomic sequencing in the prevention of communicable disease that were found in the articles were describing transmission patterns, investigating outbreaks, diagnosing infection, developing and evaluating interventions including vaccines, outcomes response treatment, and monitoring antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, genomic sequencing has the potential to enhance the prevention and control of communicable diseases globally.
{"title":"Decoding the Future: Genomic Sequencing's Vital Role in Communicable Disease Prevention within Public Health Practice - A Scoping Review","authors":"Amin Harun, Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Md Zamri, Mohd Zafrullan Zamberi, Abi Khairul Aizad Za'bah, Siti Fatimah Abd Aziz, Fatimah Ahmad Fauzi","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2446","url":null,"abstract":"Precision public health using genomic sequencing is a new field that has gained interest from public health practitioners for prevention and control measures. This study aims to identify the various applications of genomic sequencing for the prevention of communicable diseases in public health practice. Articles containing relevant keywords were determined using a systematic search strategy applied in Medline, Scopus, and Springer electronic databases. Full text included in the study was retrieved and categorised. A total of 24 articles were included in the final review. The main themes regarding the application of genomic sequencing in the prevention of communicable disease that were found in the articles were describing transmission patterns, investigating outbreaks, diagnosing infection, developing and evaluating interventions including vaccines, outcomes response treatment, and monitoring antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, genomic sequencing has the potential to enhance the prevention and control of communicable diseases globally.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2521
Ainin Azwani Abdul Rafa, Muhammad Ibrahim, N. Zakaria, Mohd Nur Nasyriq Anuar, Nur Aizura Mat Alewi, Radiah Abdul Ghani, F. A. Abdul Majid
INTRODUCTION: The therapeutic applications of honey products have been extensively studied, but the various combination of honeys as a high-antioxidant product has not been explored. This study aimed to develop an optimized three honey formulation (Trihoney) with maximal antioxidant potency and physicochemical characteristics, as well as favourable among panellists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The three types of honey studied are; i) Trigona sp. honey (TH), ii) Apis mellifera honey (MH), and iii) Apis dorsata honey (DH). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design optimal Trihoney formulation for i) total phenolic content (TPC), ii) ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and iii) 2,2’-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Proximate and nutrient analyses, such as moisture, protein, fibre, carbohydrate, sugar, and gross energy were also conducted. Additionally, sensory evaluation was carried out to support the findings. RESULTS: Based on RSM, three optimal Trihoney formulation were developed; i) Trihoney 1 (MH15:DH10:TH45), ii) Trihoney 2 (MH15:DH10:TH25), and iii) Trihoney 3 (MH15:DH10:TH15). Trihoney 1 was the most promising formulation, exhibiting the highest TPC (0.50 mg/GAE/g), remarkable values of FRAP (230.85 AAE/g) and DPPH (86.32%). Physicochemical and sugar analysis indicated that all values complied with permitted quality standards. MH received the highest overall acceptability scores based on sensory evaluation. CONCLUSION: These findings warrant further extensive investigation of Trihoney formulation in animal studies to support its efficacy as a valuable food supplement.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Trihoney Blend (Trigona sp., Apis mellifera, and Apis dorsata) for Enhanced Antioxidant Optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","authors":"Ainin Azwani Abdul Rafa, Muhammad Ibrahim, N. Zakaria, Mohd Nur Nasyriq Anuar, Nur Aizura Mat Alewi, Radiah Abdul Ghani, F. A. Abdul Majid","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2521","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The therapeutic applications of honey products have been extensively studied, but the various combination of honeys as a high-antioxidant product has not been explored. This study aimed to develop an optimized three honey formulation (Trihoney) with maximal antioxidant potency and physicochemical characteristics, as well as favourable among panellists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The three types of honey studied are; i) Trigona sp. honey (TH), ii) Apis mellifera honey (MH), and iii) Apis dorsata honey (DH). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design optimal Trihoney formulation for i) total phenolic content (TPC), ii) ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and iii) 2,2’-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Proximate and nutrient analyses, such as moisture, protein, fibre, carbohydrate, sugar, and gross energy were also conducted. Additionally, sensory evaluation was carried out to support the findings. RESULTS: Based on RSM, three optimal Trihoney formulation were developed; i) Trihoney 1 (MH15:DH10:TH45), ii) Trihoney 2 (MH15:DH10:TH25), and iii) Trihoney 3 (MH15:DH10:TH15). Trihoney 1 was the most promising formulation, exhibiting the highest TPC (0.50 mg/GAE/g), remarkable values of FRAP (230.85 AAE/g) and DPPH (86.32%). Physicochemical and sugar analysis indicated that all values complied with permitted quality standards. MH received the highest overall acceptability scores based on sensory evaluation. CONCLUSION: These findings warrant further extensive investigation of Trihoney formulation in animal studies to support its efficacy as a valuable food supplement.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2493
Wai Teng, Alexander Tan, Muhammad Fauzinizam Razali, Zaidi Mohd Ripin, Ying Heng Yeo, Jia Yi Tay, Nur-Akasyah Jaafar, Mohamad Ikhwan Zaini Ridzwan, Ping Yi Chan, Hazwani Ahmad Yusof, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi, Zetty Noreeta Mohd Rozali
INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) holds promise for stroke rehabilitation. However, many existing VR systems requires users to stand while playing, posing a potential falling risk for stroke patients. This study investigated the effects of a custom-developed VR system that focus on trunk rehabilitation in stable sitting position on muscle activities, postural control, and physiological cost compared to conventional trunk exercises in stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational pilot study was conducted involving 12 paretic stroke subjects performing four exercises: two Conventional Trunk Exercises (CTE) and two VR-based Trunk Exercises (VRTE) using customized Tilt-The-Maze (self-paced) or Catch-The-Mole (game-paced) games. Muscle activity was measured using electromyography (EMG). Postural control data in the Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Medio-Lateral (ML) axes was recorded using a force plate, while the physiological cost was measured via a heart rate sensor during the exercises. RESULTS: The results indicated low muscle activity and light-intensity cardiovascular responses in all CTE and VRTE exercises. Game-paced VRTE recorded slightly higher Center of Pressure (CoP) velocity in the AP and ML axes versus CTE (AP:4.40±1.80 vs. 4.02±1.20 cm/s; ML:6.40±2.54 vs. 5.42±2.21 cm/s). In contrast, the self-paced VRTE showed an insignificant impact on postural control than both CTE and game-paced VRTE. CONCLUSION: The game-paced VRTE induced comparable effects on muscular activation, postural control, and physiological cost to that of CTE in stroke patients. The findings suggest the stable-sitting VR system as a supplementary approach to the existing trunk rehabilitation protocols for stroke patients.
导言：虚拟现实（VR）为中风康复带来了希望。然而，许多现有的 VR 系统要求用户在玩游戏时站着，这给中风患者带来了潜在的跌倒风险。本研究调查了定制开发的 VR 系统对中风患者肌肉活动、姿势控制和生理成本的影响，该系统侧重于稳定坐姿下的躯干康复训练。材料与方法：我们进行了一项横断面观察试验研究，12 名瘫痪的中风受试者参加了四项练习：两项传统躯干练习（CTE）和两项基于 VR 的躯干练习（VRTE），分别使用定制的 "倾斜迷宫"（自定步调）或 "捉迷藏"（游戏步调）游戏。肌肉活动通过肌电图（EMG）进行测量。使用测力板记录前后（AP）轴和中外侧（ML）轴的姿势控制数据，同时在练习过程中通过心率传感器测量生理成本。结果：结果表明，在所有 CTE 和 VRTE 运动中，肌肉活动较少，心血管反应强度较轻。游戏节奏 VRTE 在 AP 和 ML 轴记录到的压力中心（CoP）速度略高于 CTE（AP:4.40±1.80 vs. 4.02±1.20 cm/s；ML:6.40±2.54 vs. 5.42±2.21 cm/s）。相比之下，自节奏 VRTE 对姿势控制的影响比 CTE 和游戏节奏 VRTE 都要小。结论：游戏节奏 VRTE 对脑卒中患者肌肉激活、姿势控制和生理成本的影响与 CTE 相当。研究结果表明，稳定坐姿 VR 系统可作为中风患者现有躯干康复方案的补充方法。
{"title":"The Use of Virtual Reality in Stable Sitting Trunk Rehabilitation for Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study","authors":"Wai Teng, Alexander Tan, Muhammad Fauzinizam Razali, Zaidi Mohd Ripin, Ying Heng Yeo, Jia Yi Tay, Nur-Akasyah Jaafar, Mohamad Ikhwan Zaini Ridzwan, Ping Yi Chan, Hazwani Ahmad Yusof, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi, Zetty Noreeta Mohd Rozali","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2493","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) holds promise for stroke rehabilitation. However, many existing VR systems requires users to stand while playing, posing a potential falling risk for stroke patients. This study investigated the effects of a custom-developed VR system that focus on trunk rehabilitation in stable sitting position on muscle activities, postural control, and physiological cost compared to conventional trunk exercises in stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational pilot study was conducted involving 12 paretic stroke subjects performing four exercises: two Conventional Trunk Exercises (CTE) and two VR-based Trunk Exercises (VRTE) using customized Tilt-The-Maze (self-paced) or Catch-The-Mole (game-paced) games. Muscle activity was measured using electromyography (EMG). Postural control data in the Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Medio-Lateral (ML) axes was recorded using a force plate, while the physiological cost was measured via a heart rate sensor during the exercises. RESULTS: The results indicated low muscle activity and light-intensity cardiovascular responses in all CTE and VRTE exercises. Game-paced VRTE recorded slightly higher Center of Pressure (CoP) velocity in the AP and ML axes versus CTE (AP:4.40±1.80 vs. 4.02±1.20 cm/s; ML:6.40±2.54 vs. 5.42±2.21 cm/s). In contrast, the self-paced VRTE showed an insignificant impact on postural control than both CTE and game-paced VRTE. CONCLUSION: The game-paced VRTE induced comparable effects on muscular activation, postural control, and physiological cost to that of CTE in stroke patients. The findings suggest the stable-sitting VR system as a supplementary approach to the existing trunk rehabilitation protocols for stroke patients.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2487
Siti Noorfadhilah Mohd Amin, R. Muhamad, S. Draman, M. Mohd Zulkifli, S. Z. Syed Jaapar
INTRODUCTION: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) patients continue to report discrimination in healthcare setting despite the efforts of the primary healthcare offering community friendly services in Malaysia. This qualitative study aimed to provide understanding of this current issue and to explore the challenges that family medicine specialists (FMSs) from East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia face when dealing with LGBT patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 FMSs working in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia were interviewed through a phenomenological framework using semi-structured in-depth interviews of LGBT patients. The interviews were recorded in audio format, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. We discerned common themes that can be elucidated through the lens of Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care (TCC) and the Sunrise Enabler Model (SEM). RESULTS: Three overlapping themes of the transcriptions were developed; (1) Multidimensional understanding of LGBT described how FMSs saw the LGBT community as diverging from societal norms, yet acknowledge their vulnerability as integral members of the society, (2) obstacles to providing culturally competent care stemmed from inadequate training, an unsupportive clinic environment, and the self-stigma experienced by patients, and (3) barriers to incorporating spiritual needs for holistic care arose in situations where there was insufficient spiritual health training or a preference to concentrate on physical and emotional well-being to uphold trust. CONCLUSION: The findings on this study reflect the need for proper training of healthcare personnel to deliver a holistic, culturally competent care for LGBT patients. A collaborative effort with relevant authorities is also needed to successfully overcome those challenges.
导言：尽管马来西亚的初级医疗保健机构努力提供社区友好服务，但女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性者（LGBT）患者仍然反映在医疗保健环境中受到歧视。这项定性研究旨在了解这一当前问题，并探讨马来西亚半岛东海岸的家庭医学专家（FMSs）在与 LGBT 患者打交道时所面临的挑战。材料与方法：通过对 LGBT 患者进行半结构化深度访谈，采用现象学框架对 30 名在马来西亚半岛东海岸工作的家庭医学专家进行了访谈。访谈以音频格式记录，逐字转录，并进行布劳恩和克拉克的主题分析。我们通过莱宁格的文化关怀理论（TCC）和日出促进模型（SEM）的视角，发现了可以阐明的共同主题。结果：形成了三个重叠的主题；(1) 对 LGBT 的多维理解描述了家庭医疗服务人员如何将 LGBT 群体视为与社会规范相背离的群体，但又承认他们作为社会中不可或缺的一员的脆弱性；(2) 提供文化护理的障碍源于培训不足、不支持的诊所环境以及患者经历的自我污名化；(3) 在精神健康培训不足或倾向于专注于身体和情感健康以维护信任的情况下，产生了将精神需求纳入整体护理的障碍。结论：本研究的结果表明，有必要对医护人员进行适当培训，以便为男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者患者提供符合其文化背景的整体护理。此外，还需要与相关部门通力合作，才能成功克服这些挑战。
{"title":"Experiences of Family Medicine Specialists in Providing Health Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Patients: A Qualitative Study in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Siti Noorfadhilah Mohd Amin, R. Muhamad, S. Draman, M. Mohd Zulkifli, S. Z. Syed Jaapar","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i03.2487","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) patients continue to report discrimination in healthcare setting despite the efforts of the primary healthcare offering community friendly services in Malaysia. This qualitative study aimed to provide understanding of this current issue and to explore the challenges that family medicine specialists (FMSs) from East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia face when dealing with LGBT patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 FMSs working in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia were interviewed through a phenomenological framework using semi-structured in-depth interviews of LGBT patients. The interviews were recorded in audio format, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. We discerned common themes that can be elucidated through the lens of Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care (TCC) and the Sunrise Enabler Model (SEM). RESULTS: Three overlapping themes of the transcriptions were developed; (1) Multidimensional understanding of LGBT described how FMSs saw the LGBT community as diverging from societal norms, yet acknowledge their vulnerability as integral members of the society, (2) obstacles to providing culturally competent care stemmed from inadequate training, an unsupportive clinic environment, and the self-stigma experienced by patients, and (3) barriers to incorporating spiritual needs for holistic care arose in situations where there was insufficient spiritual health training or a preference to concentrate on physical and emotional well-being to uphold trust. CONCLUSION: The findings on this study reflect the need for proper training of healthcare personnel to deliver a holistic, culturally competent care for LGBT patients. A collaborative effort with relevant authorities is also needed to successfully overcome those challenges.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2379
Septian Andriyani, S. T. Putri
INTRODUCTION: Toilet training is critical for the quality of life of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental disabilities. This is essential because an individual with ASD is often late to acquire these skills or fails to do so. This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of animation video modeling (AVM) to improve toilet training abilities in children with autism spectrum disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with an experimental research design using One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The pretest was carried out before the intervention, and the posttest was carried out after the AVM gave toilet training intervention. The sampling technique was in the form of total sampling, namely 50 children(43 boys and 7 girls) with autism. The research instrument was a checklist of statements. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. RESULTS: The results showed that almost half of the ability levels of children with autism before being given AVM toilet training were in a suitable category, nearly half of the children with autism after being given treatment were in a good type with a p-value 0.011; there was a significant difference in the level of ability before and after given an AVM. CONCLUSION: AVM is one of the effective interventions to improve toilet training abilities in children with ASD. AVM can help children in the elimination process that can be done independently in improving the quality of life in children with autism.
{"title":"Implementation of Video Modeling Animation on Toilet Training Ability in Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Septian Andriyani, S. T. Putri","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2379","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Toilet training is critical for the quality of life of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental disabilities. This is essential because an individual with ASD is often late to acquire these skills or fails to do so. This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of animation video modeling (AVM) to improve toilet training abilities in children with autism spectrum disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with an experimental research design using One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The pretest was carried out before the intervention, and the posttest was carried out after the AVM gave toilet training intervention. The sampling technique was in the form of total sampling, namely 50 children(43 boys and 7 girls) with autism. The research instrument was a checklist of statements. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. RESULTS: The results showed that almost half of the ability levels of children with autism before being given AVM toilet training were in a suitable category, nearly half of the children with autism after being given treatment were in a good type with a p-value 0.011; there was a significant difference in the level of ability before and after given an AVM. CONCLUSION: AVM is one of the effective interventions to improve toilet training abilities in children with ASD. AVM can help children in the elimination process that can be done independently in improving the quality of life in children with autism.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2466
Nur Dalilah Mohd Zin, W. M. Z. Wan Mohammad, Y. Kueh, Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi
INTRODUCTION: Parental hesitancy towards routine childhood vaccines has been recognized as one of the public health threats. Since the uptake of child vaccination remains inconsistent, there is a need for a reliable and validated tool to measure this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at government health clinics in Kelantan between April 2023 to July 2023. A permission to use the original version of Modified Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (MVHS) was obtained and translated into the Malay version (MVHS-M) based on established guidelines. Parents who have at least one child aged 7 years or less were recruited by using systematic random sampling to validate the MVHS-M. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the latent domain, while reliability was measured by composite reliability and test-retest. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Version 26 and Mplus version 8. RESULTS: A total of 270 parents who fulfilled the study criteria were selected and completed the survey. The CFA showed a good fit index: RMSEA = 0.057 (90% CI 0.031, 0.082), CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.957, and SRMR = 0.031. The composite reliability for the domain "lack of confidence" was 0.93 (95% CI 0.91, 0.94), while the domain "risk" showed a reliability of 0.74 (95% CI 0.69, 0.79). The test-retest reliability, as measured by the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), was 0.77 (95% CI 0.59, 0.87), indicating good stability. CONCLUSION: MVHS-M is a valid and reliable tool that will be useful in identifying parental vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia.
简介：家长对儿童常规疫苗的犹豫不决已被认为是对公共健康的威胁之一。由于儿童疫苗接种率仍不稳定，因此需要一种可靠且有效的工具来衡量这一现象。材料和方法：一项横断面研究于 2023 年 4 月至 2023 年 7 月期间在吉兰丹州的政府医疗诊所进行。我们获得了使用改良疫苗接种意愿量表（MVHS）原始版本的许可，并根据既定指南将其翻译成马来语版本（MVHS-M）。通过系统随机抽样，招募了至少有一名 7 岁或以下儿童的家长，以验证 MVHS-M。确认性因素分析（CFA）用于确认潜在领域，而可靠性则通过综合可靠性和重复测试来测量。数据使用 IBM SPSS 26 版和 Mplus 8 版进行分析。结果：共有 270 名符合研究标准的家长被选中并完成了调查。CFA显示了良好的拟合指数：RMSEA = 0.057 (90% CI 0.031, 0.082), CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.957, SRMR = 0.031。缺乏信心 "领域的综合信度为 0.93（95% CI 0.91，0.94），而 "风险 "领域的信度为 0.74（95% CI 0.69，0.79）。以类内相关系数（ICC）衡量的测试-再测可靠性为 0.77（95% CI 0.59，0.87），表明稳定性良好。结论：MVHS-M 是一种有效、可靠的工具，有助于识别马来西亚家长的疫苗接种犹豫。
{"title":"Translation and Validation of the Malay Version of Modified Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (MVHS-M) for Assessment of Parental Vaccine Hesitancy","authors":"Nur Dalilah Mohd Zin, W. M. Z. Wan Mohammad, Y. Kueh, Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2466","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Parental hesitancy towards routine childhood vaccines has been recognized as one of the public health threats. Since the uptake of child vaccination remains inconsistent, there is a need for a reliable and validated tool to measure this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at government health clinics in Kelantan between April 2023 to July 2023. A permission to use the original version of Modified Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (MVHS) was obtained and translated into the Malay version (MVHS-M) based on established guidelines. Parents who have at least one child aged 7 years or less were recruited by using systematic random sampling to validate the MVHS-M. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the latent domain, while reliability was measured by composite reliability and test-retest. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Version 26 and Mplus version 8. RESULTS: A total of 270 parents who fulfilled the study criteria were selected and completed the survey. The CFA showed a good fit index: RMSEA = 0.057 (90% CI 0.031, 0.082), CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.957, and SRMR = 0.031. The composite reliability for the domain \"lack of confidence\" was 0.93 (95% CI 0.91, 0.94), while the domain \"risk\" showed a reliability of 0.74 (95% CI 0.69, 0.79). The test-retest reliability, as measured by the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), was 0.77 (95% CI 0.59, 0.87), indicating good stability. CONCLUSION: MVHS-M is a valid and reliable tool that will be useful in identifying parental vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2266
Najwa Hanim Othman, H. R. Ismawi, Maizura Mohd Zainudin, Azliana Abd. Fuaat
Lepidium meyenii or Maca is a Peruvian plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. Maca has various attributed health benefits due to the diversity of its bioactive compounds. Studies reveal that Maca is effective for many purposes including in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic syndrome-related diseases. This review aims to uncover previously identified underlying anti-diabetic effects of Maca as well as its potential in the treatment of other conditions linked to metabolic syndrome in animal models in vivo. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using a protocol by Arksey and O’Malley. The protocol centred on the identification of research questions, identification and selection of relevant studies, data charting and collating, summarizing, and reporting the findings. Searches were conducted using Semantic Scholar, Scopus, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect. Six studies were included in the review. The studies varied in terms of purpose, methodology, and detail of findings. They include the administration of Maca in different types of animal models and its effect on several biochemical parameters. There is fundamental scientific evidence from this review that supports the anti-diabetic properties of Maca in animal models of DM and other metabolic syndrome-related diseases. However, the scarcity of reports indicates the need for more rigorous studies in the future.
{"title":"In Vivo Studies of Lepidium meyenii or Maca in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Metabolic Syndrome-Related Diseases- A Scoping Review","authors":"Najwa Hanim Othman, H. R. Ismawi, Maizura Mohd Zainudin, Azliana Abd. Fuaat","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2266","url":null,"abstract":"Lepidium meyenii or Maca is a Peruvian plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. Maca has various attributed health benefits due to the diversity of its bioactive compounds. Studies reveal that Maca is effective for many purposes including in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic syndrome-related diseases. This review aims to uncover previously identified underlying anti-diabetic effects of Maca as well as its potential in the treatment of other conditions linked to metabolic syndrome in animal models in vivo. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using a protocol by Arksey and O’Malley. The protocol centred on the identification of research questions, identification and selection of relevant studies, data charting and collating, summarizing, and reporting the findings. Searches were conducted using Semantic Scholar, Scopus, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect. Six studies were included in the review. The studies varied in terms of purpose, methodology, and detail of findings. They include the administration of Maca in different types of animal models and its effect on several biochemical parameters. There is fundamental scientific evidence from this review that supports the anti-diabetic properties of Maca in animal models of DM and other metabolic syndrome-related diseases. However, the scarcity of reports indicates the need for more rigorous studies in the future.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140761696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2260
S. Lim, Salizar Mohamed Ludin, Nor Mazlina Abu Bakar, Nadzirah Ahmad Basri
INTRODUCTION: Dental students often faced high levels of mental distress which contributed to lower mental well-being. This has a negative impact on their health and academic performance. Many previous studies focused on students who were already in a 'diseased' state with little focus on students who are well but at risk of developing poor mental well-being. A better understanding of the factors affecting the mental well-being dental students is needed. This study was aimed to explore the factors associated with mental well-being of dental students and to identify steps to promote their mental well-being. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this qualitative study, individual interviews were conducted among undergraduate dental students using semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed via verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The analysis revealed three main themes; i) Impression of dentistry, ii) Stressors and iii) Mental health experience. CONCLUSION: Undergraduate dental students often experienced low mental well-being due to the stressors they faced. Identifying the factors that influenced the mental well-being of dental students would allow for early intervention and fostering of mental well-being among dental students.
{"title":"Psychosocial Factors Affecting Mental Well-Being of Dental Students: A Qualitative Study","authors":"S. Lim, Salizar Mohamed Ludin, Nor Mazlina Abu Bakar, Nadzirah Ahmad Basri","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2260","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Dental students often faced high levels of mental distress which contributed to lower mental well-being. This has a negative impact on their health and academic performance. Many previous studies focused on students who were already in a 'diseased' state with little focus on students who are well but at risk of developing poor mental well-being. A better understanding of the factors affecting the mental well-being dental students is needed. This study was aimed to explore the factors associated with mental well-being of dental students and to identify steps to promote their mental well-being. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this qualitative study, individual interviews were conducted among undergraduate dental students using semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed via verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The analysis revealed three main themes; i) Impression of dentistry, ii) Stressors and iii) Mental health experience. CONCLUSION: Undergraduate dental students often experienced low mental well-being due to the stressors they faced. Identifying the factors that influenced the mental well-being of dental students would allow for early intervention and fostering of mental well-being among dental students.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2438
Siti Mariam Ja’afar, Wan Nor Arifin, Azriani Rahman
INTRODUCTION: Despite the rising number of child abuse in Malaysia, there are only few studies documenting early childcare providers' (ECPs') intention to report child abuse. ECPs play a vital impact because they closely interact with the children and nearly daily observe them. They should take the lead in ending the cycle of abuse in order to safeguard the children. The aim of our study was to determine the factors that influence ECPs' intentions to report child abuse. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 457 ECPs working in preschools registered under the Community Development Department in Kelantan, the North-eastern part of peninsular Malaysia participated in a cross-sectional study utilising the Early Childhood Educators Child Abuse Questionnaire (ECECAQ) in Malay, which has been validated. RESULTS: Increasing knowledge was significantly associated with the intention to report to the authorities as revealed by multiple logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Our findings justify the need for a comprehensive module and integrated standardized training on child abuse for ECPs in Malaysia to improve their knowledge, thus empowering them to report any child abuse case.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Intention to Report Child Abuse among Early Childcare Providers in North-eastern Preschools, Malaysia","authors":"Siti Mariam Ja’afar, Wan Nor Arifin, Azriani Rahman","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v23i02.2438","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Despite the rising number of child abuse in Malaysia, there are only few studies documenting early childcare providers' (ECPs') intention to report child abuse. ECPs play a vital impact because they closely interact with the children and nearly daily observe them. They should take the lead in ending the cycle of abuse in order to safeguard the children. The aim of our study was to determine the factors that influence ECPs' intentions to report child abuse. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 457 ECPs working in preschools registered under the Community Development Department in Kelantan, the North-eastern part of peninsular Malaysia participated in a cross-sectional study utilising the Early Childhood Educators Child Abuse Questionnaire (ECECAQ) in Malay, which has been validated. RESULTS: Increasing knowledge was significantly associated with the intention to report to the authorities as revealed by multiple logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Our findings justify the need for a comprehensive module and integrated standardized training on child abuse for ECPs in Malaysia to improve their knowledge, thus empowering them to report any child abuse case.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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