Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2303
N. Abdullah, Aminu Ishaka, Niza Shamsuddin, Razman Mohd Rus, Abdul Hadi Mohamed
INTRODUCTION: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme which is known to hydrolyse most pesticides including organophosphates (OPs) and prevent atherosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Glyphosate is one of the common organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture in many developing countries including Malaysia. The aim of this study to is to assess the PON1 ability to hydrolyse oxidized LDL in glyphosate exposed farm workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional comparative study, a total of 103 subjects (53 Glyphosate-exposed and 50 non-exposed) were recruited. Fasting serum samples were analysed for PON1 activities towards substrates paraoxon, phenylacetate, and diazoxon, as well as for lipid profiles and oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL). RESULTS: The results showed lower basal paraoxonase activity [156.96 (58.87) vs 177.06 (66.78)], arylesterase activity [90.06 (17.14) vs 96.92 (23.87)] and diazoxonase activity [850.93 (206.75) vs 990.48 (248.73)] in glyphosate-exposed compared to non-exposed, however, only diazoxonase activity was statistically significant (p<0.05). PON1 activity is not significantly different with different length of period of exposure except for arylesterase. There was also significantly higher (p<0.05) ox-LDL in the exposed group but no significant differences in lipid profiles (p>0.05) between the two groups. The PON1 to ox-LDL ratio which probably reflects the ability of PON1 to hydrolyse ox-LDL were also significantly lower (p<0.05) among the glyphosate-exposed group. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the decreased PON1 activity in glyphosate-exposed individuals could predispose them to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease through decreased PON1 ability to hydrolyse ox-LDL.
{"title":"Glyphosate Suppresses the Ability of PON1 to Hydrolyse Oxidized-LDL in the Exposed Farm Workers in Pahang, Malaysia","authors":"N. Abdullah, Aminu Ishaka, Niza Shamsuddin, Razman Mohd Rus, Abdul Hadi Mohamed","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2303","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme which is known to hydrolyse most pesticides including organophosphates (OPs) and prevent atherosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Glyphosate is one of the common organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture in many developing countries including Malaysia. The aim of this study to is to assess the PON1 ability to hydrolyse oxidized LDL in glyphosate exposed farm workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional comparative study, a total of 103 subjects (53 Glyphosate-exposed and 50 non-exposed) were recruited. Fasting serum samples were analysed for PON1 activities towards substrates paraoxon, phenylacetate, and diazoxon, as well as for lipid profiles and oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL). RESULTS: The results showed lower basal paraoxonase activity [156.96 (58.87) vs 177.06 (66.78)], arylesterase activity [90.06 (17.14) vs 96.92 (23.87)] and diazoxonase activity [850.93 (206.75) vs 990.48 (248.73)] in glyphosate-exposed compared to non-exposed, however, only diazoxonase activity was statistically significant (p<0.05). PON1 activity is not significantly different with different length of period of exposure except for arylesterase. There was also significantly higher (p<0.05) ox-LDL in the exposed group but no significant differences in lipid profiles (p>0.05) between the two groups. The PON1 to ox-LDL ratio which probably reflects the ability of PON1 to hydrolyse ox-LDL were also significantly lower (p<0.05) among the glyphosate-exposed group. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the decreased PON1 activity in glyphosate-exposed individuals could predispose them to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease through decreased PON1 ability to hydrolyse ox-LDL.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72818188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2273
Muhammad Anas Mahmood, Nazri Mohd Yusof, S. Saidi, Aminudin Che Ahmad
Islam is a major world religion that has a universal system encompassing every aspect of daily human activities. In this regard, Islam also provides principles and values related to the practice of medicine. However, it is not known how much of the practices have been practiced in daily clinical settings. Therefore, this paper aims to chart the overview of the studies and publications that have been done related to the integration of Islamic principles and values being incorporated in clinical practice. This paper is a scoping review. Databases like PubMed, PLOS, BMJ, Cochrane, EBSCo, Emerald, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ACI were used to conduct the literature search. MeSH terms like “Islam," “religion and medicine,” and “attitude of medical staff” are among the keywords used, along with synonyms like “Islam," “Islamic," “Muslim," “medicine," “clinical," “practise," “healthcare," “professionals," “Islamic medical practise," “doctor," “nurse,” and “healthcare professionals.” The Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” were applied during the search. In addition to databases, manual internet searches were conducted to find relevant papers. The review has found that Islamic concepts and ideals have been sporadically incorporated into medical practice worldwide, whether by Muslim or non-Muslim healthcare professionals. The three key themes related to Islamic practice in medicine: are (a) attitude and character of healthcare professionals, (b) clinical decisionmaking, and (c) holistic spiritual care. There is still a big gap and differences in integrating Islamic values into clinical practice. Further work on defining and constructing a framework for a holistic Islamic medical practice is warranted.
{"title":"The Integration of Islamic Values in Daily Clinical Practice among Healthcare Professionals: A Scoping Review","authors":"Muhammad Anas Mahmood, Nazri Mohd Yusof, S. Saidi, Aminudin Che Ahmad","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2273","url":null,"abstract":"Islam is a major world religion that has a universal system encompassing every aspect of daily human activities. In this regard, Islam also provides principles and values related to the practice of medicine. However, it is not known how much of the practices have been practiced in daily clinical settings. Therefore, this paper aims to chart the overview of the studies and publications that have been done related to the integration of Islamic principles and values being incorporated in clinical practice. This paper is a scoping review. Databases like PubMed, PLOS, BMJ, Cochrane, EBSCo, Emerald, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ACI were used to conduct the literature search. MeSH terms like “Islam,\" “religion and medicine,” and “attitude of medical staff” are among the keywords used, along with synonyms like “Islam,\" “Islamic,\" “Muslim,\" “medicine,\" “clinical,\" “practise,\" “healthcare,\" “professionals,\" “Islamic medical practise,\" “doctor,\" “nurse,” and “healthcare professionals.” The Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” were applied during the search. In addition to databases, manual internet searches were conducted to find relevant papers. The review has found that Islamic concepts and ideals have been sporadically incorporated into medical practice worldwide, whether by Muslim or non-Muslim healthcare professionals. The three key themes related to Islamic practice in medicine: are (a) attitude and character of healthcare professionals, (b) clinical decisionmaking, and (c) holistic spiritual care. There is still a big gap and differences in integrating Islamic values into clinical practice. Further work on defining and constructing a framework for a holistic Islamic medical practice is warranted.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89620081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2402
Prof. Dr. Nazri Mohd Yusof
-
-
{"title":"The Evolving Management Approach to Musculoskeletal Infection","authors":"Prof. Dr. Nazri Mohd Yusof","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2402","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80739227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2128
Y. Lee, N. Yusoff, T. Ting
Nutritional rickets is a worldwide problem which has been increasingly reported globally. Three toddlers aged 1-2 years presented in March to April 2021 with bony deformities following one year of national Covid-19 pandemic lockdown since March 2020. All threepatients were breastfed till presentation without formula milk supplementation. Weaning occurred at 4-6 months of age but without proper complementary food intake. All three patients and their nursing mothers were mostly confined indoors during the pandemiclockdown. Bone metabolic profile and radiological imaging confirmed vitamin D deficiency rickets. All three patients responded well to vitamin D3 treatment and calcium supplementation for 3-6 months duration. Vitamin D deficiency rickets appears to be anincreasing problem in breastfed toddlers following the prolonged movement control order, particularly amongst picky eaters and young children on restrictive diets. Sun exposure and early vitamin D supplementation are crucial to prevent the development of nutritional rickets.
{"title":"Nutritional Rickets in Three Toddlers during Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown","authors":"Y. Lee, N. Yusoff, T. Ting","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2128","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional rickets is a worldwide problem which has been increasingly reported globally. Three toddlers aged 1-2 years presented in March to April 2021 with bony deformities following one year of national Covid-19 pandemic lockdown since March 2020. All threepatients were breastfed till presentation without formula milk supplementation. Weaning occurred at 4-6 months of age but without proper complementary food intake. All three patients and their nursing mothers were mostly confined indoors during the pandemiclockdown. Bone metabolic profile and radiological imaging confirmed vitamin D deficiency rickets. All three patients responded well to vitamin D3 treatment and calcium supplementation for 3-6 months duration. Vitamin D deficiency rickets appears to be anincreasing problem in breastfed toddlers following the prolonged movement control order, particularly amongst picky eaters and young children on restrictive diets. Sun exposure and early vitamin D supplementation are crucial to prevent the development of nutritional rickets.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74805396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2290
Nur Nabila Jusoh, T. A. Tengku Ismail
INTRODUCTION: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is a feasible solution to reduce unintended pregnancy and abortion rates. Nonetheless, the worldwide prevalence of LARC remains low. The LARC uptake depends heavily on healthcare workers because every LARC insertion requires a clinician’s visit, and they are a trusted source of contraceptive information. The study is aimed to explore the trend and distributions of global publications related to LARC and healthcare workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles related to LARC and healthcare workers were retrieved from the Scopus database. Eligible publications were limited to research articles, reviews, and conference papers published in the English language with no date restriction. The bibliometric data was analysed using Biblioshiny to obtain distributions in terms of the number of publications, journals, countries, institutions, citations, and keywords. RESULTS: A total of 681 eligible publications related to LARC and healthcare workers were retrieved from the Scopus database between 1967 to 2022. The number of publications was low for the first four decades but increased steadily from 2010 onwards. The leading country in this research area was the United States of America and the majority of the most productive institutions were from this country. Half of the frequently cited publications highlighted healthcare workers’ bias, attitude, and practice on LARC provision to clients. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis can guide scholars to understand the global overview of research about LARC and healthcare workers. It may be useful for health practitioners and researchers who are interested in exploring this research area.
{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Healthcare Workers","authors":"Nur Nabila Jusoh, T. A. Tengku Ismail","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2290","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is a feasible solution to reduce unintended pregnancy and abortion rates. Nonetheless, the worldwide prevalence of LARC remains low. The LARC uptake depends heavily on healthcare workers because every LARC insertion requires a clinician’s visit, and they are a trusted source of contraceptive information. The study is aimed to explore the trend and distributions of global publications related to LARC and healthcare workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles related to LARC and healthcare workers were retrieved from the Scopus database. Eligible publications were limited to research articles, reviews, and conference papers published in the English language with no date restriction. The bibliometric data was analysed using Biblioshiny to obtain distributions in terms of the number of publications, journals, countries, institutions, citations, and keywords. RESULTS: A total of 681 eligible publications related to LARC and healthcare workers were retrieved from the Scopus database between 1967 to 2022. The number of publications was low for the first four decades but increased steadily from 2010 onwards. The leading country in this research area was the United States of America and the majority of the most productive institutions were from this country. Half of the frequently cited publications highlighted healthcare workers’ bias, attitude, and practice on LARC provision to clients. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis can guide scholars to understand the global overview of research about LARC and healthcare workers. It may be useful for health practitioners and researchers who are interested in exploring this research area.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73249393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2261
N. Yusoff, Chun Ming Chin
INTRODUCTION: Moral violation is known to elicit negative moral emotions and is associated with the electroencephalography (EEG)-derived P300 wave. However, the neural basis of moral categorisation (immoral behaviors towards animate beings or inanimate beings) has yet to be explored in moral psychology, which may increase knowledge and further understanding of brain function for the rehabilitation process. Thus our study aims to investigate the difference in brain processes between animate and inanimate moral violations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six participants (mean age of 24 years old) were involved in the experimental observation that was held in the Neuroscience Laboratory. In the event-related potential (ERP) session, EEG-derived P300 data were recorded while participants viewed a random series of 200 trials of visual stimuli that were distributed according to the odd-ball paradigm. The trials consisted of three image categories (15% of immoral behaviour toward animate beings, 15% of immoral behaviour to non-animate beings, and 70% of neutral images). Participants also pressed the buttons numbered ‘1’ or ‘2’ while responding to animate beings and inanimate beings, respectively. RESULTS: When compared to neutral images and nonanimate objects, the brain regions that were activated with immoral behavior toward animate beings had the biggest P300 amplitude with stronger neural activation in the temporal and occipital regions. CONCLUSION: Immoral behaviour towards animate beings is associated with greater neural cognition, as reflected by the activation in most brain regions. This discovery contributes to a better understanding of the moral foundation. It could be applied in determining the abnormal pattern of brain function and as a baseline reference to be used in the medical rehabilitation field.
{"title":"The Difference in Brain Processing Between Animate and Inanimate Beings in Moral Violation: An Electrophysiological Evidence","authors":"N. Yusoff, Chun Ming Chin","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2261","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Moral violation is known to elicit negative moral emotions and is associated with the electroencephalography (EEG)-derived P300 wave. However, the neural basis of moral categorisation (immoral behaviors towards animate beings or inanimate beings) has yet to be explored in moral psychology, which may increase knowledge and further understanding of brain function for the rehabilitation process. Thus our study aims to investigate the difference in brain processes between animate and inanimate moral violations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six participants (mean age of 24 years old) were involved in the experimental observation that was held in the Neuroscience Laboratory. In the event-related potential (ERP) session, EEG-derived P300 data were recorded while participants viewed a random series of 200 trials of visual stimuli that were distributed according to the odd-ball paradigm. The trials consisted of three image categories (15% of immoral behaviour toward animate beings, 15% of immoral behaviour to non-animate beings, and 70% of neutral images). Participants also pressed the buttons numbered ‘1’ or ‘2’ while responding to animate beings and inanimate beings, respectively. RESULTS: When compared to neutral images and nonanimate objects, the brain regions that were activated with immoral behavior toward animate beings had the biggest P300 amplitude with stronger neural activation in the temporal and occipital regions. CONCLUSION: Immoral behaviour towards animate beings is associated with greater neural cognition, as reflected by the activation in most brain regions. This discovery contributes to a better understanding of the moral foundation. It could be applied in determining the abnormal pattern of brain function and as a baseline reference to be used in the medical rehabilitation field.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72966417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2296
Ika Fidianingsih, Naufal Arif Ismail, Muhammad Farid Adnan
INTRODUCTION: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological well-being has become a growing concern. Coping strategies, including religious activities, are needed to deal with psychological distress. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychological status and its relationship with religious activities among young Muslims in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our cross-sectional study was conducted during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. A total of 268 young Muslim from Islamic boarding schools in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, were included in the study. A selfreported questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, religious activity, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) was filled up by the study participants. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed accordingly. RESULTS: Out of 312 people screened, a total of 268 participants were included in this study. The majority of participants were male (64.6%), aged between 14 to 18 years (55.2%), studying in high school (53.0%), memorised 1 to 10 juz (section) (79.1%), recited the Al-Quran 1 to 3 hours/day (59.3%), and fasted every Monday and Thursday (47.4%). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 24.6%, 46.6%, and 29.1%, respectively. Young Muslims with high religious activities were noted to be less suffering from depression, anxiety, and stress, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.57). CONCLUSIONS: This study reported a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress (from mild to extremely severe) among the young Muslim community in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Our findings should raise awareness of the educational institutions, government, and public and trigger them to prepare appropriate preventive strategies for psychological distress in the young population.
{"title":"Psychological Status among the Young Muslim Community in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ika Fidianingsih, Naufal Arif Ismail, Muhammad Farid Adnan","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2296","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological well-being has become a growing concern. Coping strategies, including religious activities, are needed to deal with psychological distress. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychological status and its relationship with religious activities among young Muslims in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our cross-sectional study was conducted during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. A total of 268 young Muslim from Islamic boarding schools in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, were included in the study. A selfreported questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, religious activity, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) was filled up by the study participants. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed accordingly. RESULTS: Out of 312 people screened, a total of 268 participants were included in this study. The majority of participants were male (64.6%), aged between 14 to 18 years (55.2%), studying in high school (53.0%), memorised 1 to 10 juz (section) (79.1%), recited the Al-Quran 1 to 3 hours/day (59.3%), and fasted every Monday and Thursday (47.4%). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 24.6%, 46.6%, and 29.1%, respectively. Young Muslims with high religious activities were noted to be less suffering from depression, anxiety, and stress, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.57). CONCLUSIONS: This study reported a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress (from mild to extremely severe) among the young Muslim community in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Our findings should raise awareness of the educational institutions, government, and public and trigger them to prepare appropriate preventive strategies for psychological distress in the young population.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86100603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2221
Arvinder-Singh Hs, Kavita Jetly, A. Hss
INTRODUCTION: Bullying can occur in terms of physical, verbal, mental, sexual, and/or litigation. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Emergency Department (ED) doctors being bullied by patients and/or relatives, the types of bullying faced and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) it may have caused them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in all 14 Malaysian state-tertiary government EDs. EDs were chosen as they encountered the maximum number of patients in hospitals. Data was obtained electronically among doctors randomized in each hospital. A validated questionnaire (POPAS-NZ) was used to determine the act of bullying and the impact of the most distressing event (IES-R scale) to detect PTSD. RESULTS: In total, 316 doctors participated in this study and the majority (98.7%) experienced some kind of bullying (98.1% faced verbal abuse). Among those bullied, 83.7% of doctors reported verbal abuse to be the most distressing event. Most of the preparators of the distressing incident were by accompanying relatives of patients (62.1%). Sexual abuse caused PTSD of concern- high enough to suppress the immune system. The final factors that were deemed to be significant to the mental abuse were age (p=0.03) and gender (p ≤ 0.001). Ladies had 2.69 times the odds (AOR 95% CI:1.57;4.60) to be mentally abused compared to men. Ladies had 5.50 times the odds (AOR 95% CI:1.88;16.11) to be sexually abused compared to men. CONCLUSION: Most doctors who worked in the ED faced bullying- commonest being verbal abuse. Sexual abuse caused the most distressing PTSD
{"title":"The Perception of Doctor Bullying by Patients and Relatives at Malaysian Emergency Departments in Regional Referral Hospitals","authors":"Arvinder-Singh Hs, Kavita Jetly, A. Hss","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2221","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Bullying can occur in terms of physical, verbal, mental, sexual, and/or litigation. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Emergency Department (ED) doctors being bullied by patients and/or relatives, the types of bullying faced and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) it may have caused them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in all 14 Malaysian state-tertiary government EDs. EDs were chosen as they encountered the maximum number of patients in hospitals. Data was obtained electronically among doctors randomized in each hospital. A validated questionnaire (POPAS-NZ) was used to determine the act of bullying and the impact of the most distressing event (IES-R scale) to detect PTSD. RESULTS: In total, 316 doctors participated in this study and the majority (98.7%) experienced some kind of bullying (98.1% faced verbal abuse). Among those bullied, 83.7% of doctors reported verbal abuse to be the most distressing event. Most of the preparators of the distressing incident were by accompanying relatives of patients (62.1%). Sexual abuse caused PTSD of concern- high enough to suppress the immune system. The final factors that were deemed to be significant to the mental abuse were age (p=0.03) and gender (p ≤ 0.001). Ladies had 2.69 times the odds (AOR 95% CI:1.57;4.60) to be mentally abused compared to men. Ladies had 5.50 times the odds (AOR 95% CI:1.88;16.11) to be sexually abused compared to men. CONCLUSION: Most doctors who worked in the ED faced bullying- commonest being verbal abuse. Sexual abuse caused the most distressing PTSD","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75797474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.1988
Nik Hisamuddin Nik Ab Rahman, Kogulan Kanesan
INTRODUCTION: Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) is an intravenous selfadministration of small doses of opioids (such as morphine) using a programmable pump, The goal of PCA is to efficiently reduce patients’ pain at patient's preferred dose and schedule. Thus, we conducted a study to compare patient PCA morphine with intravenous bolus morphine for acute abdominal pain of non-traumatic origin in the emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomised, non-blinded clinical trial was conducted in patients presented with severe acute non traumatic abdominal pain of less than 24 hours requiring opioid analgesic based on numerical pain score of more than seven at triage. The primary outcome was visual analogue pain score (VAS) recorded at 0, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes during the management in the ED and after admission to wards, and the secondary outcomes were total dosage of morphine used and degree of patient satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 62 participants who fulfilled study criteria were randomized into PCA morphine group or bolus morphine group. The average amount of analgesic used for bolus morphine group was lower compared to PCA morphine (4.23 mg)(s.d 1.89 vs 5.29 mg)(s.d 2.16) (p=0.027). Despite of significant VAS score changes within group analysis, between group repeated measure ANOVA (RMA) VAS score analysis was not statistically significant. [Bolus group (6.7+2.03) compared to PCA group (5.83 + 2.38)](p=0.089). Patient satisfaction was statistically significant for the PCA group [PCA (1.65+0.709) compared to bolus group (2.23+0.920)](p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in pain score reduction between PCA and intravenous bolus of morphine for the management of severe acute non traumatic abdominal pain in ED. However, PCA provided more patient satisfaction and should be considered as an alternative modality of acute pain management in ED.
患者自控镇痛(PCA)是一种使用可编程泵的小剂量阿片类药物(如吗啡)的静脉自我给药，其目标是在患者喜欢的剂量和时间表下有效地减少患者的疼痛。因此，我们进行了一项比较急诊科(ED)非外伤性急性腹痛患者PCA吗啡与静脉注射吗啡的研究。材料和方法:一项随机、非盲临床试验在分诊时疼痛评分大于7分的严重急性非外伤性腹痛患者中进行，患者持续时间小于24小时，需要阿片类镇痛药。主要观察指标为患者在急诊科治疗期间及入院后0、30、60、120分钟的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)，次要观察指标为吗啡总用量及患者满意度。结果:符合研究标准的62例受试者被随机分为PCA吗啡组和大剂量吗啡组。大剂量吗啡组镇痛药平均用量低于PCA组(4.23 mg)(s)。1.89 vs 5.29 mg)(s。D 2.16) (p=0.027)。尽管组内VAS评分变化显著，但组间重复测量方差分析(RMA) VAS评分分析无统计学意义。[Bolus组(6.7+2.03)相比PCA组(5.83 + 2.38)](p=0.089)。PCA组患者满意度差异有统计学意义[PCA(1.65+0.709)比bolus组(2.23+0.920)](p=0.007)。结论:PCA与静脉注射吗啡治疗急症急性非创伤性腹痛的疼痛评分降低无显著差异。然而，PCA提供了更多的患者满意度，应考虑作为急症急性疼痛治疗的另一种方式。
{"title":"The Efficacy of Patient Controlled Analgesia for Acute Non Traumatic Abdominal Pain in Emergency Department","authors":"Nik Hisamuddin Nik Ab Rahman, Kogulan Kanesan","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.1988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.1988","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) is an intravenous selfadministration of small doses of opioids (such as morphine) using a programmable pump, The goal of PCA is to efficiently reduce patients’ pain at patient's preferred dose and schedule. Thus, we conducted a study to compare patient PCA morphine with intravenous bolus morphine for acute abdominal pain of non-traumatic origin in the emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomised, non-blinded clinical trial was conducted in patients presented with severe acute non traumatic abdominal pain of less than 24 hours requiring opioid analgesic based on numerical pain score of more than seven at triage. The primary outcome was visual analogue pain score (VAS) recorded at 0, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes during the management in the ED and after admission to wards, and the secondary outcomes were total dosage of morphine used and degree of patient satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 62 participants who fulfilled study criteria were randomized into PCA morphine group or bolus morphine group. The average amount of analgesic used for bolus morphine group was lower compared to PCA morphine (4.23 mg)(s.d 1.89 vs 5.29 mg)(s.d 2.16) (p=0.027). Despite of significant VAS score changes within group analysis, between group repeated measure ANOVA (RMA) VAS score analysis was not statistically significant. [Bolus group (6.7+2.03) compared to PCA group (5.83 + 2.38)](p=0.089). Patient satisfaction was statistically significant for the PCA group [PCA (1.65+0.709) compared to bolus group (2.23+0.920)](p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in pain score reduction between PCA and intravenous bolus of morphine for the management of severe acute non traumatic abdominal pain in ED. However, PCA provided more patient satisfaction and should be considered as an alternative modality of acute pain management in ED.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78377315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2274
H. Giang, Do Thi Thuy Duy, Faisal Khowaja, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Hoang Nhat Pham, Le Tho Minh Hieu, N. T. Huy
INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of child morbidity and mortality and foster overall child development. However, suboptimal breastfeeding practices have been reported in many countries. This study aims to describe patterns of breastfeeding from birth to 24 months in Vietnam and examine factors associated with the maintenance of breastfeeding at 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 573 mothers whose infants aged from 12 to 24 months in a multi-centre cross-sectional study were recruited. RESULTS: The prevalence of initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour post-partum was 52.9%, between 1 to 24 hours was 21.9%, after the 24 hours was 25.2% and none not initiated by the 7th day after birth. The prevalence of delayed initiation of breastfeeding was significantly higher in caesarean section than in vaginal births (p=0.0001). Prevalence of infants ever breastfed was 100%; exclusively breastfed at 6 months was 19.7%, continued breastfeeding at 12 months was 92.5%, and continued breastfeeding at 20-24 months was 43.5%. There were 16.4% of mothers had breastfeeding problems. Correctly describing the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding and not using a bottle to give expressed milk to the infants were factors associated with the higher prevalence of breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months. CONCLUSION: Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding prevalence at 6 months in our study earn rating of “good” and “fair” respectively according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Improving mothers’ knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding recommendations and educating about breast milk expression may improve the prevalence of breastfeeding maintenance at 12 months.
{"title":"Patterns of Breastfeeding Practices among Mothers in Two Urban Cities in Vietnam","authors":"H. Giang, Do Thi Thuy Duy, Faisal Khowaja, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Hoang Nhat Pham, Le Tho Minh Hieu, N. T. Huy","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i3.2274","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of child morbidity and mortality and foster overall child development. However, suboptimal breastfeeding practices have been reported in many countries. This study aims to describe patterns of breastfeeding from birth to 24 months in Vietnam and examine factors associated with the maintenance of breastfeeding at 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 573 mothers whose infants aged from 12 to 24 months in a multi-centre cross-sectional study were recruited. RESULTS: The prevalence of initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour post-partum was 52.9%, between 1 to 24 hours was 21.9%, after the 24 hours was 25.2% and none not initiated by the 7th day after birth. The prevalence of delayed initiation of breastfeeding was significantly higher in caesarean section than in vaginal births (p=0.0001). Prevalence of infants ever breastfed was 100%; exclusively breastfed at 6 months was 19.7%, continued breastfeeding at 12 months was 92.5%, and continued breastfeeding at 20-24 months was 43.5%. There were 16.4% of mothers had breastfeeding problems. Correctly describing the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding and not using a bottle to give expressed milk to the infants were factors associated with the higher prevalence of breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months. CONCLUSION: Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding prevalence at 6 months in our study earn rating of “good” and “fair” respectively according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Improving mothers’ knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding recommendations and educating about breast milk expression may improve the prevalence of breastfeeding maintenance at 12 months.","PeriodicalId":13474,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87310069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：