Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/02537176241275537
Anshu Prasad, Priyaranjan Avinash, Robin Victor, Kiran Bhat
Background:Inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. With this background, we planned this study to see if immune markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are raised in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and compare its level with healthy controls and first-degree relatives of subjects. We also explored if variation in the level of these markers was related to the severity of depression.Methods:This comparative observational study included 120 subjects, who were divided into three groups of 40 individuals each. Group 1 was the MDD group, group 2 was the healthy first-degree relative group, and group 3 was the healthy control group. All the subjects were then made to undergo estimation of IL-6 (pg/mL) and ESR (mm/h) from our hospital biochemistry lab. The patients in group 1 were additionally screened for the severity of depression.Results:The mean IL-6 and ESR measure within the MDD group was 9.20 ± 13.40 (pg/mL) and 5.90 ± 5.35 (mm/h), respectively. We found that the mean and median values of both IL-6 and ESR were highest in the MDD group as compared to other groups, which were statistically significant ( p <0.05). A pairwise comparison found no significant difference in the IL-6 and ESR scores among the healthy controls and healthy first-degree relatives. The mean of IL-6 was highest in individuals with moderate severity of depression, while the mean of ESR was highest in individuals with severe depression.Conclusion:The immune markers, IL-6 and ESR, were significantly raised in the MDD group; however, the levels did not correlate significantly with the differential severity of the depressive disorder as per Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) scores.
{"title":"The Relationship of Immune Markers with Severity and Heritability of Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from North India","authors":"Anshu Prasad, Priyaranjan Avinash, Robin Victor, Kiran Bhat","doi":"10.1177/02537176241275537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241275537","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. With this background, we planned this study to see if immune markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are raised in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and compare its level with healthy controls and first-degree relatives of subjects. We also explored if variation in the level of these markers was related to the severity of depression.Methods:This comparative observational study included 120 subjects, who were divided into three groups of 40 individuals each. Group 1 was the MDD group, group 2 was the healthy first-degree relative group, and group 3 was the healthy control group. All the subjects were then made to undergo estimation of IL-6 (pg/mL) and ESR (mm/h) from our hospital biochemistry lab. The patients in group 1 were additionally screened for the severity of depression.Results:The mean IL-6 and ESR measure within the MDD group was 9.20 ± 13.40 (pg/mL) and 5.90 ± 5.35 (mm/h), respectively. We found that the mean and median values of both IL-6 and ESR were highest in the MDD group as compared to other groups, which were statistically significant ( p <0.05). A pairwise comparison found no significant difference in the IL-6 and ESR scores among the healthy controls and healthy first-degree relatives. The mean of IL-6 was highest in individuals with moderate severity of depression, while the mean of ESR was highest in individuals with severe depression.Conclusion:The immune markers, IL-6 and ESR, were significantly raised in the MDD group; however, the levels did not correlate significantly with the differential severity of the depressive disorder as per Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) scores.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:People with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have varied needs while they seek treatment. Understanding and focusing on the needs will improve treatment outcomes. The objective of the study is to qualitatively assess the treatment-related needs of patients with AUDs admitted to a tertiary care treatment center.Methods:A semi-structured questionnaire with anchor questions was developed based on a literature review and key informant interviews. All the interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and color-coded manually. Two reviewers reviewed the codes. Themes and subthemes were generated using thematic inductive analysis.Results:Among 15 patients interviewed, all the patients had severe AUD (100%), were married (100%), were primarily males (86.6%), and more than half below the poverty line (53.4%), with a mean age of 41.1 years (SD = 9.5). Four major themes of treatment needs were identified: (a) individual, (b) family-related, (c) hospital-related, and (d) community-related. Among individual needs-medication-related, psychological, and occupational were prominent. Addressing family conflict and supporting the family are the significant subthemes for family-related needs. The behavior of the treating team, environmental needs, and diverse services were significant hospital-related needs. Awareness, accessibility, availability, and affordability of treatment services were the major community-related needs.Conclusion:The study highlights diverse needs extending from individual to community among people with AUDs. A holistic treatment model to address these needs will improve the quality of care and treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Treatment Needs of Patients With Severe Alcohol Use Disorders","authors":"Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha, Arvind BA, Ramana Tadepalli, Arun Kandasamy, Pratima Murthy","doi":"10.1177/02537176241276151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241276151","url":null,"abstract":"Background:People with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have varied needs while they seek treatment. Understanding and focusing on the needs will improve treatment outcomes. The objective of the study is to qualitatively assess the treatment-related needs of patients with AUDs admitted to a tertiary care treatment center.Methods:A semi-structured questionnaire with anchor questions was developed based on a literature review and key informant interviews. All the interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and color-coded manually. Two reviewers reviewed the codes. Themes and subthemes were generated using thematic inductive analysis.Results:Among 15 patients interviewed, all the patients had severe AUD (100%), were married (100%), were primarily males (86.6%), and more than half below the poverty line (53.4%), with a mean age of 41.1 years (SD = 9.5). Four major themes of treatment needs were identified: (a) individual, (b) family-related, (c) hospital-related, and (d) community-related. Among individual needs-medication-related, psychological, and occupational were prominent. Addressing family conflict and supporting the family are the significant subthemes for family-related needs. The behavior of the treating team, environmental needs, and diverse services were significant hospital-related needs. Awareness, accessibility, availability, and affordability of treatment services were the major community-related needs.Conclusion:The study highlights diverse needs extending from individual to community among people with AUDs. A holistic treatment model to address these needs will improve the quality of care and treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/02537176241262868
Anirudh Bakam, Sai Krishna Tikka, Abhishek J. Arora, Vishakha Jain, B. C. Malathesh, Sai Spoorthy Mamidipalli, Tekupalli Sushank Tej
{"title":"A Local Vernacular Variant of the Foreign Accent Syndrome Associated with Wernicke’s Aphasia Masquerading as Dissociative Neurological Symptom Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"Anirudh Bakam, Sai Krishna Tikka, Abhishek J. Arora, Vishakha Jain, B. C. Malathesh, Sai Spoorthy Mamidipalli, Tekupalli Sushank Tej","doi":"10.1177/02537176241262868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241262868","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1177/02537176241268993
Aditya Somani, Bheemsain Tekkalaki, Mirza Jahanzeb Beg, Gurvinder Pal Singh, Yugesh Rai, Vasudeo Paralikar, Amal Jolly, Chittaranjan Andrade
{"title":"Comments on “Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Before and Twelve Months After Bariatric Surgery: Repeated Cross-sectional Study”","authors":"Aditya Somani, Bheemsain Tekkalaki, Mirza Jahanzeb Beg, Gurvinder Pal Singh, Yugesh Rai, Vasudeo Paralikar, Amal Jolly, Chittaranjan Andrade","doi":"10.1177/02537176241268993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241268993","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1177/02537176241268994
Amani Safwat ElBarazi
{"title":"Reply to the Comments on “Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Before and 12 Months After Bariatric Surgery: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study”","authors":"Amani Safwat ElBarazi","doi":"10.1177/02537176241268994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241268994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1177/02537176241263294
Naveen C. Kumar, B. Sai Chaitanya Reddy, P. Laxmi Nirisha, Shivanee Kumari, Sivakami Sundari Subramaniyan, Narayana Manjunatha, Suresh Bada Math
Introduction:As compared to the general population, prison inmates have a high prevalence of mental illness and substance use disorders. The authors designed and implemented a digitally driven, one-year primary care psychiatry program for medical officers in prison and correctional settings to address this need in Bihar, India.Aim:The study aimed to assess the outcome of training given to prison medical officers deputed by the Government of Bihar.Materials and Method:Five medical officers completed training out of the seven deputed. The training contained brief onsite (three-day) training in “Clinical Schedules for Primary Care Psychiatry” and three online (one-year) modules containing tele-psychiatric on-consultation training (tele-OCT), virtual classroom (VCR) sessions, and a public health module. We measured the outcome using translational quotient (TQ) and primary care psychiatry quotient (PCPQ), which were carried out 6 and 12 months after the onset of training.Results:The TQ scores in the first and second tele-OCT evaluations were 64% and 75.2% at 6 and 12 months of the course, suggesting adequate skill retention. Out of 33,565 consultations over 12 months, medical officers identified 2,947 psychiatric disorders requiring treatment, resulting in a PCPQ of 8.7%.Conclusion:Over a year, the training demonstrated efficacy in acquiring primary care psychiatry skills, and these competencies were applied in providing care for those with psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"The Outcome Evaluation and Impact of Tele-mentoring Prison Medical Officers in Primary Care Psychiatry: A Model from Bihar, India","authors":"Naveen C. Kumar, B. Sai Chaitanya Reddy, P. Laxmi Nirisha, Shivanee Kumari, Sivakami Sundari Subramaniyan, Narayana Manjunatha, Suresh Bada Math","doi":"10.1177/02537176241263294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241263294","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:As compared to the general population, prison inmates have a high prevalence of mental illness and substance use disorders. The authors designed and implemented a digitally driven, one-year primary care psychiatry program for medical officers in prison and correctional settings to address this need in Bihar, India.Aim:The study aimed to assess the outcome of training given to prison medical officers deputed by the Government of Bihar.Materials and Method:Five medical officers completed training out of the seven deputed. The training contained brief onsite (three-day) training in “Clinical Schedules for Primary Care Psychiatry” and three online (one-year) modules containing tele-psychiatric on-consultation training (tele-OCT), virtual classroom (VCR) sessions, and a public health module. We measured the outcome using translational quotient (TQ) and primary care psychiatry quotient (PCPQ), which were carried out 6 and 12 months after the onset of training.Results:The TQ scores in the first and second tele-OCT evaluations were 64% and 75.2% at 6 and 12 months of the course, suggesting adequate skill retention. Out of 33,565 consultations over 12 months, medical officers identified 2,947 psychiatric disorders requiring treatment, resulting in a PCPQ of 8.7%.Conclusion:Over a year, the training demonstrated efficacy in acquiring primary care psychiatry skills, and these competencies were applied in providing care for those with psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1177/02537176241263308
Jai Ahuja, Kushagra Varma
{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Impact on Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior: Cognitive and Psychiatric Manifestations of Immune Checkpoint Therapy","authors":"Jai Ahuja, Kushagra Varma","doi":"10.1177/02537176241263308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241263308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1177/02537176241265558
Meghna Achar, Seema Mehrotra
Background:Youth in India carry a large proportion of the global burden of mental health disorders and subclinical distress. They prefer to seek mental health support from informal sources. One such source—online mental health peer-support forums (OMHPSFs)—is under-researched. This study aims to explore the perspectives of youth and mental health professionals and counselors (MHP&Cs) in terms of the scope and utility of and inclination to use OMHPSFs for maintaining youth mental well-being.Methods:An exploratory, cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted. A total of 141 Indian nationals aged 18–29 years were enrolled using convenience sampling and administered a survey. In the qualitative phase, six youth and seven MHP&Cs were interviewed.Results:Ninety (63.8%) and 106 (75.2%) participants indicated a high inclination to use OMHPSFs to seek and provide support, respectively. More than three-quarters of the surveyed youth stated that OMHPSFs should be a space for emotional and informational support to deal with life challenges. A total of 127 (90.1%) participants reported that OMHPSFs would be useful to find out how others their age deal with similar life challenges. A thematic analysis of interviews revealed that anonymity, accessibility, appeal, and ease of use enhance youth inclination toward OMHPSFs. The role of MHP&Cs in training, supervision, and moderation and strategies to popularize OMHPSFs were outlined and recommended.Conclusion:Sampled youth showed a high inclination to use OMHPSFs to seek and provide mental health support to their peers. Stakeholders consider OMHPSFs as relevant in scope and utility to alleviate mental health concerns among Indian youth.
{"title":"Online Mental Health Peer-support Forums for Youth: An Exploratory Study on Stakeholder Perspectives","authors":"Meghna Achar, Seema Mehrotra","doi":"10.1177/02537176241265558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241265558","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Youth in India carry a large proportion of the global burden of mental health disorders and subclinical distress. They prefer to seek mental health support from informal sources. One such source—online mental health peer-support forums (OMHPSFs)—is under-researched. This study aims to explore the perspectives of youth and mental health professionals and counselors (MHP&Cs) in terms of the scope and utility of and inclination to use OMHPSFs for maintaining youth mental well-being.Methods:An exploratory, cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted. A total of 141 Indian nationals aged 18–29 years were enrolled using convenience sampling and administered a survey. In the qualitative phase, six youth and seven MHP&Cs were interviewed.Results:Ninety (63.8%) and 106 (75.2%) participants indicated a high inclination to use OMHPSFs to seek and provide support, respectively. More than three-quarters of the surveyed youth stated that OMHPSFs should be a space for emotional and informational support to deal with life challenges. A total of 127 (90.1%) participants reported that OMHPSFs would be useful to find out how others their age deal with similar life challenges. A thematic analysis of interviews revealed that anonymity, accessibility, appeal, and ease of use enhance youth inclination toward OMHPSFs. The role of MHP&Cs in training, supervision, and moderation and strategies to popularize OMHPSFs were outlined and recommended.Conclusion:Sampled youth showed a high inclination to use OMHPSFs to seek and provide mental health support to their peers. Stakeholders consider OMHPSFs as relevant in scope and utility to alleviate mental health concerns among Indian youth.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Research on event-related potentials (ERP) in addiction highlights the importance of cognitive ERP markers, such as P300 and error-related negativity (ERN), in distinguishing between alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls. We aimed to develop and validate ERP paradigms utilizing culturally validated stimuli to evoke P300 and ERN for the Indian population.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, 16 alcohol-dependent patients and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. For P300, we designed a visual oddball (Go/No-Go) task using culturally appropriate alcohol and non-alcohol-related images. To study ERN, we used the Assessing Neurocognition via Gamified Experimental Logic (ANGEL) task, developed in India, integrating its “game” levels to capture error monitoring with fewer trials. A 32-channel EEG-ERP system was used for data acquisition.Results:Participants showed high engagement in the visual Go/No-Go task, with 94.4% accuracy. The P300 difference wave showed significantly higher amplitudes ( p = .01, Cohen’s d = 0.97) and latencies ( p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.62) in patients compared to controls at the Pz electrode. No significant group differences were found in accuracy or reaction times for frequent and rare stimuli. In the ANGEL task, patients had a significantly lower ERN difference wave amplitude at the Pz electrode than controls ( p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.47), with no latency differences. Task accuracy was lower, and reaction time was longer in patients.Conclusions:The visual Go/No-Go task and the ANGEL task are promising tools for understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying alcohol dependence in the Indian context.
{"title":"Development and Validation of a Culturally Adapted, Event-related Potential Paradigm for Assessing Alcohol Cue Reactivity and Error Processing in Alcohol Dependence","authors":"Anupa Arunkumar Shenoy, Samir Kumar Praharaj, Shweta Rai, Kirtana R. Nayak, Arun Sasidharan, Hari Prakash Palaniswamy, Chinmay Ajit Suryavanshi, Sumit Sharma, Umesh Shreekantiah, Vrinda Marigowda","doi":"10.1177/02537176241266879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241266879","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Research on event-related potentials (ERP) in addiction highlights the importance of cognitive ERP markers, such as P300 and error-related negativity (ERN), in distinguishing between alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls. We aimed to develop and validate ERP paradigms utilizing culturally validated stimuli to evoke P300 and ERN for the Indian population.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, 16 alcohol-dependent patients and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. For P300, we designed a visual oddball (Go/No-Go) task using culturally appropriate alcohol and non-alcohol-related images. To study ERN, we used the Assessing Neurocognition via Gamified Experimental Logic (ANGEL) task, developed in India, integrating its “game” levels to capture error monitoring with fewer trials. A 32-channel EEG-ERP system was used for data acquisition.Results:Participants showed high engagement in the visual Go/No-Go task, with 94.4% accuracy. The P300 difference wave showed significantly higher amplitudes ( p = .01, Cohen’s d = 0.97) and latencies ( p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.62) in patients compared to controls at the Pz electrode. No significant group differences were found in accuracy or reaction times for frequent and rare stimuli. In the ANGEL task, patients had a significantly lower ERN difference wave amplitude at the Pz electrode than controls ( p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.47), with no latency differences. Task accuracy was lower, and reaction time was longer in patients.Conclusions:The visual Go/No-Go task and the ANGEL task are promising tools for understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying alcohol dependence in the Indian context.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1177/02537176241262696
Sujita Kumar Kar, Chandrima Naskar, Marthoenis Marthoenis, Shivank Tomer, Vikas Menon, S. M. Yasir Arafat
Background:Recent studies are coming out assessing the relationship between suicide rates and various ecological variables. However, information on the association between suicide rate and ecological variables in India has been limited. We aimed to measure the association of suicide rate with religion, literacy, gross domestic product, human development index, life expectancy, fertility, urbanization, and unemployment in India.Methods:We extracted 36 states or union territories of India and their suicide rate, the proportion of Hindu and Muslim populations, literacy rate, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy, fertility rate, urbanization, and unemployment rate. We assessed the association with rate and other ecological variables mentioned.Results:Suicide rates were positively correlated with the percentage of Hindu population in the state (rs = 0.38, p = .022), literacy rate (rs = 0.368, p = .027), and GDP (rs = 0.61, p = .001), whereas they were negatively correlated with fertility (rs = –0.442, p = .039) and unemployment rate (rs = –0.4, p = .015). We did not find any significant association between suicide rate and Muslim populations, HDI, life expectancy, and urbanization.Conclusion:This study’s findings identified several associations between ecological variables and suicide rates. However, based on the nature of the analysis, a cautious interpretation and further investigations are warranted.
{"title":"Suicide and Socio-demography: An Ecological Study from India","authors":"Sujita Kumar Kar, Chandrima Naskar, Marthoenis Marthoenis, Shivank Tomer, Vikas Menon, S. M. Yasir Arafat","doi":"10.1177/02537176241262696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241262696","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Recent studies are coming out assessing the relationship between suicide rates and various ecological variables. However, information on the association between suicide rate and ecological variables in India has been limited. We aimed to measure the association of suicide rate with religion, literacy, gross domestic product, human development index, life expectancy, fertility, urbanization, and unemployment in India.Methods:We extracted 36 states or union territories of India and their suicide rate, the proportion of Hindu and Muslim populations, literacy rate, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy, fertility rate, urbanization, and unemployment rate. We assessed the association with rate and other ecological variables mentioned.Results:Suicide rates were positively correlated with the percentage of Hindu population in the state (rs = 0.38, p = .022), literacy rate (rs = 0.368, p = .027), and GDP (rs = 0.61, p = .001), whereas they were negatively correlated with fertility (rs = –0.442, p = .039) and unemployment rate (rs = –0.4, p = .015). We did not find any significant association between suicide rate and Muslim populations, HDI, life expectancy, and urbanization.Conclusion:This study’s findings identified several associations between ecological variables and suicide rates. However, based on the nature of the analysis, a cautious interpretation and further investigations are warranted.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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