Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1177/02537176241255643
Silky Arora, Sujata Satapathy
The objective of this study was to do a meta-analysis focusing on the efficacy of psychological intervention for the adolescent population and PTSD as a primary outcome variable. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 1990, to March 31, 2023. Original studies and systematic reviews/meta-analyses were segregated. In the first study, 129 meta-analyses (MAs) were screened and 8 MAs were analyzed. In the second study, six RCTs and five non-RCTs exclusively including adolescents with a primary diagnosis of PTSD were analyzed. The MA revealed the average sample size to be 243.33 (SD = 372.94) with 63.98% female participants in RCTs and 153 (SD = 237.17) with 56.99% female participants in non-RCTs. A total of 13 different interventions were analyzed. Cognitive-behavioral intervention had a large effect size of 1.63 for PTSD. Cochrane’s Q test and I2 index revealed considerable heterogeneity among groups. There was no significant difference between RCTs and non-RCTs in the total number and duration of intervention sessions and the duration of each session. However, the average follow-up time points varied significantly between RCTs and non-RCTs. RCTs followed random sequence generation and, hence, had a low risk of selection bias. Although the CBT framework with a focus on trauma and traumatic emotions was at the core of treatment efficacy, the type of trauma was the key consideration. Further studies of treatment efficacy moderated by specific trauma characteristics are required to advance the knowledge base in the treatment of PTSD in adolescents.
{"title":"Psychological Interventions for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder as a Primary Diagnosis Among Adolescents: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Silky Arora, Sujata Satapathy","doi":"10.1177/02537176241255643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241255643","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to do a meta-analysis focusing on the efficacy of psychological intervention for the adolescent population and PTSD as a primary outcome variable. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 1990, to March 31, 2023. Original studies and systematic reviews/meta-analyses were segregated. In the first study, 129 meta-analyses (MAs) were screened and 8 MAs were analyzed. In the second study, six RCTs and five non-RCTs exclusively including adolescents with a primary diagnosis of PTSD were analyzed. The MA revealed the average sample size to be 243.33 (SD = 372.94) with 63.98% female participants in RCTs and 153 (SD = 237.17) with 56.99% female participants in non-RCTs. A total of 13 different interventions were analyzed. Cognitive-behavioral intervention had a large effect size of 1.63 for PTSD. Cochrane’s Q test and I2 index revealed considerable heterogeneity among groups. There was no significant difference between RCTs and non-RCTs in the total number and duration of intervention sessions and the duration of each session. However, the average follow-up time points varied significantly between RCTs and non-RCTs. RCTs followed random sequence generation and, hence, had a low risk of selection bias. Although the CBT framework with a focus on trauma and traumatic emotions was at the core of treatment efficacy, the type of trauma was the key consideration. Further studies of treatment efficacy moderated by specific trauma characteristics are required to advance the knowledge base in the treatment of PTSD in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-09DOI: 10.1177/02537176241256304
Noopur Anand Gawankar, Smita Pandey
The commonly used protocol for the treatment of panic disorder has been the application of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). With the advent of third-wave psychotherapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), which focuses on experiential acceptance, there have been variations in the treatment of panic disorder. However, no case report has adopted an integrated treatment protocol using elements of CBT and MBCT. Here, we have presented a practical psychotherapy report of a 31-year-old woman who was treated over 16 sessions using such an integrated treatment protocol based on her personality and clinical profile. During the first phase of treatment, components of CBT were introduced to help her obtain firsthand evidence of her catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations and to change her underlying threat schemas related to physical sensations. Aspects of MBCT were implemented in the intermediate phase to allow awareness and observation of her anxiety sensitivity, discourage immediate reactivity, and reduce overall catastrophizing tendencies. Moreover, MBCT also served to prevent relapse by enriching her overall quality of life by cultivating present-moment awareness through encouraging full engagement in experiences rather than being consumed by future-oriented concerns.
{"title":"An Integrated Therapeutic Application Using Elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy in Treatment of Panic Disorder","authors":"Noopur Anand Gawankar, Smita Pandey","doi":"10.1177/02537176241256304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241256304","url":null,"abstract":"The commonly used protocol for the treatment of panic disorder has been the application of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). With the advent of third-wave psychotherapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), which focuses on experiential acceptance, there have been variations in the treatment of panic disorder. However, no case report has adopted an integrated treatment protocol using elements of CBT and MBCT. Here, we have presented a practical psychotherapy report of a 31-year-old woman who was treated over 16 sessions using such an integrated treatment protocol based on her personality and clinical profile. During the first phase of treatment, components of CBT were introduced to help her obtain firsthand evidence of her catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations and to change her underlying threat schemas related to physical sensations. Aspects of MBCT were implemented in the intermediate phase to allow awareness and observation of her anxiety sensitivity, discourage immediate reactivity, and reduce overall catastrophizing tendencies. Moreover, MBCT also served to prevent relapse by enriching her overall quality of life by cultivating present-moment awareness through encouraging full engagement in experiences rather than being consumed by future-oriented concerns.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1177/02537176241249373
Ajmal Anjum, Arshad Hussain
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between post-COVID neurocognitive symptoms and interleukin-6 levels. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study wherein patients complaining of forgetfulness post-infection with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were taken up for study ( n = 53) from February 2023 to June 2023. The forgetfulness was characterized using the memory subscale of Postgraduate Institute-Battery of Brain Dysfunction (PGI-BBD). In addition, sociodemographic data were collected from patients. After obtaining written informed consent, 3 mL of peripheral venous blood was collected from patients, and interleukin-6 levels were measured. Other inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), were also measured. The mean age of participants was 46.11 ± 8.58 years. Twenty-nine (54.72%) respondents were female, and 24 (45.28%) were male. Most (62.2%) of the patients in the study suffered from mild-to-moderate severity of COVID-19 infection. Among these patients, 43.3% had impairment in recent memory, 32 patients (60.3%) had impairment in attention and concentration, 54.7% had impairment in delayed recall, and 33.9% had impairment in immediate recall. Impairment in delayed recall was associated with a raised level of interleukin-6 ( P = .0048 [ P < .05]). Patients with impaired recall on PGI-BBD post-infection with COVID-19 have raised levels of interleukin-6, suggesting the role of neuroinflammation in post-COVID neurocognitive symptoms. Interleukin-6 is a marker of neuroinflammation that has been linked to cognitive decline in various studies. It can be used to predict cognitive decline and also aid in diagnosis.
{"title":"Post-COVID Neurocognitive Disorder and Its Relation with Interleukin: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Ajmal Anjum, Arshad Hussain","doi":"10.1177/02537176241249373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241249373","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between post-COVID neurocognitive symptoms and interleukin-6 levels. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study wherein patients complaining of forgetfulness post-infection with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were taken up for study ( n = 53) from February 2023 to June 2023. The forgetfulness was characterized using the memory subscale of Postgraduate Institute-Battery of Brain Dysfunction (PGI-BBD). In addition, sociodemographic data were collected from patients. After obtaining written informed consent, 3 mL of peripheral venous blood was collected from patients, and interleukin-6 levels were measured. Other inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), were also measured. The mean age of participants was 46.11 ± 8.58 years. Twenty-nine (54.72%) respondents were female, and 24 (45.28%) were male. Most (62.2%) of the patients in the study suffered from mild-to-moderate severity of COVID-19 infection. Among these patients, 43.3% had impairment in recent memory, 32 patients (60.3%) had impairment in attention and concentration, 54.7% had impairment in delayed recall, and 33.9% had impairment in immediate recall. Impairment in delayed recall was associated with a raised level of interleukin-6 ( P = .0048 [ P < .05]). Patients with impaired recall on PGI-BBD post-infection with COVID-19 have raised levels of interleukin-6, suggesting the role of neuroinflammation in post-COVID neurocognitive symptoms. Interleukin-6 is a marker of neuroinflammation that has been linked to cognitive decline in various studies. It can be used to predict cognitive decline and also aid in diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1177/02537176241256736
Chittaranjan Andrade
This article presents a table containing redacted data from a real study. The table contains three curiosities: statistical significance in the absence of clinical significance, narrow standard deviations, and the absence of a placebo effect. The data in the table had been obtained by an inexperienced rater; how the inexperience compromised the data is explained. Action points for rater experience, rater training, and rating procedures are suggested.
{"title":"Curiosities in a Table: Learning Points for Responsible Clinical Rating","authors":"Chittaranjan Andrade","doi":"10.1177/02537176241256736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241256736","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a table containing redacted data from a real study. The table contains three curiosities: statistical significance in the absence of clinical significance, narrow standard deviations, and the absence of a placebo effect. The data in the table had been obtained by an inexperienced rater; how the inexperience compromised the data is explained. Action points for rater experience, rater training, and rating procedures are suggested.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1177/02537176241255052
Leema Jacob, K. J. Reddy
Social-cognitive skills training (SCST) in a therapeutic setup can result in more positive outcomes when incorporated with psychotherapy, especially among adolescents with minor social-cognitive impairments in their social interactions. It may result in multifarious benefits to mitigate their social-cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to identify the effects of SCST on interpersonal understanding of social norms in adolescents with low social cognition. In this quasi-experimental research, 80 adolescents (10–19 years) with low social cognition, no previous experience of skills training, and absence of any psychological disorders, especially those that affect their social-cognitive functioning, with assent from the participants and written informed consent from the parents/guardian and a score below 58 on the Need For Social-Cognition Scale, were included. They were randomly allocated into SCST or waitlist control group. SCST consists of 20 sessions with indoor activities, games, and discussions, and it has been arranged for 1 hour per 3 days a week for 3 months. Edinburgh social cognition test (ESCoT) was used to assess the degree of interpersonal understanding of social norms among adolescents as part of pre and posttests. The Wilcoxon Sign Ranked Test showed that the interpersonal understanding of social norms after SCST is significantly higher than the interpersonal understanding of social norms SCST with a large effect size. The mean (standard deviation) scores in the ESCoT test improved significantly ( P < 0 .001) following [ W = 0.001, P < .001, r = –1.000]. SCST effectively improves the interpersonal understanding of social norms, an essential developmental milestone during adolescence. It highlights the importance of focusing on mental health as a developmental asset that can influence social-cognitive development in the future.
{"title":"Social-cognitive Skills Training on Interpersonal Understanding of Social Norms During Adolescence","authors":"Leema Jacob, K. J. Reddy","doi":"10.1177/02537176241255052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241255052","url":null,"abstract":"Social-cognitive skills training (SCST) in a therapeutic setup can result in more positive outcomes when incorporated with psychotherapy, especially among adolescents with minor social-cognitive impairments in their social interactions. It may result in multifarious benefits to mitigate their social-cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to identify the effects of SCST on interpersonal understanding of social norms in adolescents with low social cognition. In this quasi-experimental research, 80 adolescents (10–19 years) with low social cognition, no previous experience of skills training, and absence of any psychological disorders, especially those that affect their social-cognitive functioning, with assent from the participants and written informed consent from the parents/guardian and a score below 58 on the Need For Social-Cognition Scale, were included. They were randomly allocated into SCST or waitlist control group. SCST consists of 20 sessions with indoor activities, games, and discussions, and it has been arranged for 1 hour per 3 days a week for 3 months. Edinburgh social cognition test (ESCoT) was used to assess the degree of interpersonal understanding of social norms among adolescents as part of pre and posttests. The Wilcoxon Sign Ranked Test showed that the interpersonal understanding of social norms after SCST is significantly higher than the interpersonal understanding of social norms SCST with a large effect size. The mean (standard deviation) scores in the ESCoT test improved significantly ( P < 0 .001) following [ W = 0.001, P < .001, r = –1.000]. SCST effectively improves the interpersonal understanding of social norms, an essential developmental milestone during adolescence. It highlights the importance of focusing on mental health as a developmental asset that can influence social-cognitive development in the future.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1177/02537176241246042
Kodikuthiyel Vijayan Binumon, S. Ezhumalai, Navaneetham Janardhana, Prabhat Kumar Chand
Substance abuse among young adults is a significant public health concern with detrimental consequences for individuals, families, and society. Family interventions have emerged as promising treatment approaches for addressing substance abuse in this population. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on the efficacy of family interventions for young adults with substance abuse. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (a) focused on family intervention for young adults (aged 10–25) with substance abuse; (b) employed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-experimental design; and (c) reported on substance use outcomes. A total of 41 studies were included in the review. The findings suggest that family interventions are effective in reducing substance use among young adults. Specifically, family interventions were associated with significant reductions in behavioural problems and improvements in family functioning.
{"title":"Family Intervention Models for Young Adults with Substance Abuse: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kodikuthiyel Vijayan Binumon, S. Ezhumalai, Navaneetham Janardhana, Prabhat Kumar Chand","doi":"10.1177/02537176241246042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241246042","url":null,"abstract":"Substance abuse among young adults is a significant public health concern with detrimental consequences for individuals, families, and society. Family interventions have emerged as promising treatment approaches for addressing substance abuse in this population. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on the efficacy of family interventions for young adults with substance abuse. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (a) focused on family intervention for young adults (aged 10–25) with substance abuse; (b) employed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-experimental design; and (c) reported on substance use outcomes. A total of 41 studies were included in the review. The findings suggest that family interventions are effective in reducing substance use among young adults. Specifically, family interventions were associated with significant reductions in behavioural problems and improvements in family functioning.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1177/02537176241252704
Shwetha Prabhu, Vangmayee Venkatasubban, J. Bhat, Haralakatta Shivananjappa Somashekara
Phonological awareness has been recognized as a significant predictor of word-decoding skills in alphabetical languages. These languages differ in phonology, orthography, and how they are mapped for word decoding. However, the literature has debated its role in orthographically consistent languages. The present research aims to explore phonological awareness and its contribution to word decoding for early readers of Kannada. The study included 50 typically developing Grade I children learning to read Kannada from schools with Kannada as a medium of instruction. Phonological awareness skills were assessed using developmentally appropriate tasks at different linguistic grain sizes and varied linguistic operations. Word-level reading abilities were evaluated using a pseudoword decoding task. The results indicated that the children were sensitive to syllables but not to rhymes and phonemes. A one-way repeated measure of analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of task complexity on the performance across phonological awareness tasks. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed a significant positive correlation between the performance on phonological awareness and pseudoword reading. The regression analysis indicated that phonological awareness tasks contributed significantly to word decoding. However, initial and medial syllable stripping evolved as independent and significant contributors to pseudoword decoding in Kannada. The present study concludes that phonological awareness at the syllable level emerges early and significantly contributes to word decoding in early readers of Kannada.
{"title":"Phonological Awareness and Word Decoding Skills in the Early Readers of Kannada","authors":"Shwetha Prabhu, Vangmayee Venkatasubban, J. Bhat, Haralakatta Shivananjappa Somashekara","doi":"10.1177/02537176241252704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241252704","url":null,"abstract":"Phonological awareness has been recognized as a significant predictor of word-decoding skills in alphabetical languages. These languages differ in phonology, orthography, and how they are mapped for word decoding. However, the literature has debated its role in orthographically consistent languages. The present research aims to explore phonological awareness and its contribution to word decoding for early readers of Kannada. The study included 50 typically developing Grade I children learning to read Kannada from schools with Kannada as a medium of instruction. Phonological awareness skills were assessed using developmentally appropriate tasks at different linguistic grain sizes and varied linguistic operations. Word-level reading abilities were evaluated using a pseudoword decoding task. The results indicated that the children were sensitive to syllables but not to rhymes and phonemes. A one-way repeated measure of analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of task complexity on the performance across phonological awareness tasks. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed a significant positive correlation between the performance on phonological awareness and pseudoword reading. The regression analysis indicated that phonological awareness tasks contributed significantly to word decoding. However, initial and medial syllable stripping evolved as independent and significant contributors to pseudoword decoding in Kannada. The present study concludes that phonological awareness at the syllable level emerges early and significantly contributes to word decoding in early readers of Kannada.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.1177/02537176241252411
Sneha Mareen Varghese, Jayashree C. Shanbal
Background:Graphophonological semantic flexibility (GSF) is a reading-specific cognitive flexibility that allows an individual to process a print’s phonological and semantic elements simultaneously. The study aimed to explore the developmental profile of GSF in typical readers.Method:Ninety typically developing children, ages 8 to 11 years, were recruited and divided into three age groups: 8, 9, and 10. They were given a web-based GSF task that required them to arrange 12-word cards in a 2 × 2 matrix according to their initial phoneme and meaning. Several GSF components were computed, such as sorting speed, accuracy, and index. Furthermore, word reading, non-word reading, and passage comprehension were used to assess their reading profile.Results:The Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in sorting accuracy (H (2) = 32.67, p < .001), speed (H (2) = 20.25, p < .001), and index (H (2) = 26.97, p < .001) across all ages. According to Dunn’s post hoc analysis, accuracy improved across all age groups (p < .01) and in the index between 8 and 10 ( p < .001). The Mann–Whitney U test showed gender differences in sorting speed (U = 717, p = .03). Additionally, Spearman’s rank correlation showed a significant positive association between GSF and word reading ( r = 0.47, p < .001) and text comprehension ( r = 0.55, p < .001).Conclusion:The findings demonstrated that GSF components are developmental and do not significantly impact gender other than sorting speed. Furthermore, a relationship between GSF and word reading and passage comprehension emerged.
{"title":"Profiling of Graphophonological Semantic Flexibility in Typical Readers: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Sneha Mareen Varghese, Jayashree C. Shanbal","doi":"10.1177/02537176241252411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241252411","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Graphophonological semantic flexibility (GSF) is a reading-specific cognitive flexibility that allows an individual to process a print’s phonological and semantic elements simultaneously. The study aimed to explore the developmental profile of GSF in typical readers.Method:Ninety typically developing children, ages 8 to 11 years, were recruited and divided into three age groups: 8, 9, and 10. They were given a web-based GSF task that required them to arrange 12-word cards in a 2 × 2 matrix according to their initial phoneme and meaning. Several GSF components were computed, such as sorting speed, accuracy, and index. Furthermore, word reading, non-word reading, and passage comprehension were used to assess their reading profile.Results:The Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in sorting accuracy (H (2) = 32.67, p < .001), speed (H (2) = 20.25, p < .001), and index (H (2) = 26.97, p < .001) across all ages. According to Dunn’s post hoc analysis, accuracy improved across all age groups (p < .01) and in the index between 8 and 10 ( p < .001). The Mann–Whitney U test showed gender differences in sorting speed (U = 717, p = .03). Additionally, Spearman’s rank correlation showed a significant positive association between GSF and word reading ( r = 0.47, p < .001) and text comprehension ( r = 0.55, p < .001).Conclusion:The findings demonstrated that GSF components are developmental and do not significantly impact gender other than sorting speed. Furthermore, a relationship between GSF and word reading and passage comprehension emerged.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/02537176241255725
Anoop Sankaranarayanan, Preethi Ramanathan, Martha Zakrzewski, Deepali Vasani, Ramanathan Ganapathy, Vlasios Brakoulias, Mark W. Douglas
{"title":"Oral Microbiome and Treatment Resistance Status in Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Anoop Sankaranarayanan, Preethi Ramanathan, Martha Zakrzewski, Deepali Vasani, Ramanathan Ganapathy, Vlasios Brakoulias, Mark W. Douglas","doi":"10.1177/02537176241255725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241255725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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