Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2018.5.2.133-146
Saefudin Saefudin, E. Basri, A. Sukito
The use of natural antioxidants for medicinal purposes deserves thorough attention for their efficacy and possibly adverse toxicity. This paper studies the antioxidant actions and toxicity effects of bark extracts. The study focuses on eleven tree species of Euphorbiaceae family. Initially, bark samples from those trees were extracted using ethanol. The acquired extracts were examined for peroxide values with iodometric method. The bark extracts were chemically screened for possible antioxidant-compound contents, i.e. polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins; and followed by oxidation-reduction test to assess the extract ability in vitro to scavenge free radicals in their standard sources, i.e. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; altogether to determine qualitatively which species origin from bark extracts afforded the most potential as antioxidants. Toxicity test was performed on those bark extracts to assess their safety on living creatures, particularly humans as tried on shrimp larvae by counting their death, using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. Results show that bark extracts of four plant species, i.e. Acalypha hispida Blume, Bischofia javanica Blume, Glochidion arboreum Blume and Sapium baccatum Roxb species afforded potentiality as antioxidants, because its peroxide value (POV) was lower than or somewhat above those of the positive control vitamin E (POV 89.45 μg/ml). However, bark extracts from Euphorbia antiquorum L, Euphorbia hirta L, and Jatropha podagrica Hook (i.e. LC50 : 238.85; 228.11 & 194.51 μg/ml) were highly toxic, because their LC50's value< 1000 μg/ml.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity Effect of Eleven Types of Bark Extracts Acquired From Euphorbiaceae","authors":"Saefudin Saefudin, E. Basri, A. Sukito","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2018.5.2.133-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2018.5.2.133-146","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural antioxidants for medicinal purposes deserves thorough attention for their efficacy and possibly adverse toxicity. This paper studies the antioxidant actions and toxicity effects of bark extracts. The study focuses on eleven tree species of Euphorbiaceae family. Initially, bark samples from those trees were extracted using ethanol. The acquired extracts were examined for peroxide values with iodometric method. The bark extracts were chemically screened for possible antioxidant-compound contents, i.e. polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins; and followed by oxidation-reduction test to assess the extract ability in vitro to scavenge free radicals in their standard sources, i.e. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; altogether to determine qualitatively which species origin from bark extracts afforded the most potential as antioxidants. Toxicity test was performed on those bark extracts to assess their safety on living creatures, particularly humans as tried on shrimp larvae by counting their death, using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. Results show that bark extracts of four plant species, i.e. Acalypha hispida Blume, Bischofia javanica Blume, Glochidion arboreum Blume and Sapium baccatum Roxb species afforded potentiality as antioxidants, because its peroxide value (POV) was lower than or somewhat above those of the positive control vitamin E (POV 89.45 μg/ml). However, bark extracts from Euphorbia antiquorum L, Euphorbia hirta L, and Jatropha podagrica Hook (i.e. LC50 : 238.85; 228.11 & 194.51 μg/ml) were highly toxic, because their LC50's value< 1000 μg/ml.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"133-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67601811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.107-123
S. I. Maulana, Y. Wibisono
Through photosynthetic activities, tropical forest ecosystems capture and store the most significant carbon emissions in the form of biomass compared with other types of vegetation, and thus play a highly crucial part in dealing with climate change. However, such important role of tropical forest is very fragile from extreme changes in temperature and precipitation, because carbon storage in forest landscape is strongly related to those climate variables. This paper examines the impacts of future climate disturbances on aboveground carbon storage of three tropical tree species, namely Myristic a sp., Palaquium sp., and Syzygium sp. through “what if ” scenarios evaluation using Structural Thinking and Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation (STELLA). Results highlighted that when the dynamic simulation was running with five IPCC’s climate change scenarios (Constant year 2000 concentrations, B1, A1T, A2, and A1F1) for 200 years simulation period, then moderate climate change scenarios occured, such as B1 and A1T, would have already caused significant statistical deviation to all of those tree species. At the worst level of A1F1, the 4°C temperature was coupled with 20% reduction in precipitation. Palaquium sp. showed the highest reduction of aboveground carbon storage with about 17.216% below its normal value. This finding implies the negative climate feedbacks should be considered seriously to ensure the accuracy of long term forest carbon accounting under future climate uncertainty.
与其他类型的植被相比，热带森林生态系统通过光合活动以生物量的形式捕获和储存最重要的碳排放，因此在应对气候变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，由于温度和降水的极端变化，热带森林的这种重要作用非常脆弱，因为森林景观中的碳储量与这些气候变量密切相关。本文通过使用结构思维和动画实验学习实验室（STELLA）的“假设”情景评估，研究了未来气候扰动对三种热带树种（Myristic a sp.、Palaquium sp.和Syzygium sp.）地上碳储存的影响。结果强调，当动态模拟以IPCC的五种气候变化情景（2000年恒定年浓度B1、A1T、A2和A1F1）运行200年模拟期时，出现的中等气候变化情景，如B1和A1T，已经对所有这些树种造成了显著的统计偏差。在A1F1最差的水平，4°C的温度伴随着20%的降水量减少。Palaquium sp.的地上碳储量减少率最高，比正常值低17.216%。这一发现意味着，在未来气候不确定性的情况下，应认真考虑气候负反馈，以确保长期森林碳核算的准确性。
{"title":"Dynamic Projection of Climate Change Scenarios on Tropical Trees' Aboveground Carbon Storage in West Papua","authors":"S. I. Maulana, Y. Wibisono","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.107-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.107-123","url":null,"abstract":"Through photosynthetic activities, tropical forest ecosystems capture and store the most significant carbon emissions in the form of biomass compared with other types of vegetation, and thus play a highly crucial part in dealing with climate change. However, such important role of tropical forest is very fragile from extreme changes in temperature and precipitation, because carbon storage in forest landscape is strongly related to those climate variables. This paper examines the impacts of future climate disturbances on aboveground carbon storage of three tropical tree species, namely Myristic a sp., Palaquium sp., and Syzygium sp. through “what if ” scenarios evaluation using Structural Thinking and Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation (STELLA). Results highlighted that when the dynamic simulation was running with five IPCC’s climate change scenarios (Constant year 2000 concentrations, B1, A1T, A2, and A1F1) for 200 years simulation period, then moderate climate change scenarios occured, such as B1 and A1T, would have already caused significant statistical deviation to all of those tree species. At the worst level of A1F1, the 4°C temperature was coupled with 20% reduction in precipitation. Palaquium sp. showed the highest reduction of aboveground carbon storage with about 17.216% below its normal value. This finding implies the negative climate feedbacks should be considered seriously to ensure the accuracy of long term forest carbon accounting under future climate uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"107-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49227635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.135-150
I. Alviya, M. Z. Muttaqin, E. Y. Suryandari, R. Maryani
Forests play a vital role for the livelihoods of rural and urban communities. Addressing perception of forest users regarding forest practices is one of the most important aspects of forest management. This paper aims to elaborate stakeholders' perception on the biophysical, socio-economic and institutional aspects of forest landscape management in upstream Ciliwung watershed. Data were collected through survey, by highlighting preferences, perceptions, and expectations of actors who are interested in the impacts of watershed management. This study indicates that communities at upstream Ciliwung watershed area perceived that the socio-economic aspect is the most important factor in managing upstream Ciliwung watershed. The governments (central and local), however, pay more attention to the biophysical and institutional aspects. The result of the overall perception analysis shows that institutional aspects need to be addressed first, followed by socio-economic aspects and biophysical aspects to improve the management of upstream Ciliwung watershed. Addressing institutional aspects is needed to enhance awareness and coordination among stakeholders, to enforce law and to develop a monitoring system to support the preservation of the forest at the upstream watershed areas. In terms of socio-economic aspects, improving community livelihoods is needed through payments for environmental services. Regarding biophysical aspects, afforestation and conservation of soil and water need to be prioritised. Thus, there should be programs that could provide solutions based on the three main aspects to improve the management of the forest resources in the upstream watershed area.
{"title":"STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTION ON MANAGEMENT OF UPSTREAM CILIWUNG WATERSHED: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOREST LANDSCAPE PLANNING","authors":"I. Alviya, M. Z. Muttaqin, E. Y. Suryandari, R. Maryani","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.135-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.135-150","url":null,"abstract":"Forests play a vital role for the livelihoods of rural and urban communities. Addressing perception of forest users regarding forest practices is one of the most important aspects of forest management. This paper aims to elaborate stakeholders' perception on the biophysical, socio-economic and institutional aspects of forest landscape management in upstream Ciliwung watershed. Data were collected through survey, by highlighting preferences, perceptions, and expectations of actors who are interested in the impacts of watershed management. This study indicates that communities at upstream Ciliwung watershed area perceived that the socio-economic aspect is the most important factor in managing upstream Ciliwung watershed. The governments (central and local), however, pay more attention to the biophysical and institutional aspects. The result of the overall perception analysis shows that institutional aspects need to be addressed first, followed by socio-economic aspects and biophysical aspects to improve the management of upstream Ciliwung watershed. Addressing institutional aspects is needed to enhance awareness and coordination among stakeholders, to enforce law and to develop a monitoring system to support the preservation of the forest at the upstream watershed areas. In terms of socio-economic aspects, improving community livelihoods is needed through payments for environmental services. Regarding biophysical aspects, afforestation and conservation of soil and water need to be prioritised. Thus, there should be programs that could provide solutions based on the three main aspects to improve the management of the forest resources in the upstream watershed area.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"135-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49028052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.20886/IJFR.2017.4.2.121-133
Gunawan Ganda Tua Petrus Simanjuntak, C. Lin
Indonesia’s pulpwood export has shown an increasing trend since 1990s. Along with Brazil, Canada, USA and Chile, Indonesia became one of the top five pulpwood exporter countries in the world. Indonesia’s pulpwood was traded mainly to some Asian countries. This paper examines Indonesian pulpwood export demand during the period 1994-2014 using a Transcendental Logarithmic (TL) model with Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimation. Export data from the five top exporter countries in four different markets (China, Korea, Japan and the world) were analysed. The important findings are as follow: firstly, logarithmic income and second order logarithmic income significantly influence the Chinese and Korean markets. Secondly, in general, Indonesia’s own-prices are elastic and have negative signs (-2.308, -1.06 and -2.04 in the Korean, Japanese and the world markets, respectively). Thirdly, due to its positive sign of crossprice elasticity and also positive signs of income elasticity (1.002, 1.722 and 0.625 in the Chinese, Korean and the world markets, respectively), Indonesian pulpwood could be categorized as a substitute and normal goods. Lastly, regarding to negative and elastic Indonesia’s pulpwood own-prices, one possible policy that could be applied by the Government of Indonesia (GoI) is giving a subsidy to reduce pulpwood price by 10%. Subsidy could be implemented by reducing tax and retribution such as property tax ( Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan ) and local retribution ( Retribusi Daerah ). By doing so, it would give more benefit in the Korean market compared with other markets. Indonesia’s share of demand would increase from 0.28 to 0.31 with high rate of return (>2). On the world markets, Indonesia’s share of demand would increase from 0.08 to 0.1 with a return rate of 1.89. This study, therefore, suggests that a subsidy policy should be implemented for pulpwood industry in Indonesia.
自20世纪90年代以来，印尼纸浆木出口呈现增长趋势。印度尼西亚与巴西、加拿大、美国和智利并列为世界五大纸浆木出口国之一。印尼的纸浆木主要销往一些亚洲国家。本文使用超对数（TL）模型和看似不相关回归（SUR）估计，考察了1994-2014年期间印尼纸浆木出口需求。分析了四个不同市场（中国、韩国、日本和世界）五个最大出口国的出口数据。研究发现：第一，对数收入和二阶对数收入对中韩市场有显著影响。其次，总的来说，印度尼西亚自身的价格是有弹性的，并有负面迹象（韩国、日本和世界市场分别为-2.308、-1.06和-2.04）。第三，由于其交叉价格弹性的积极迹象和收入弹性的积极信号（在中国、韩国和世界市场分别为1.002、1.722和0.625），印度尼西亚纸浆木可以被归类为替代品和正常商品。最后，关于印度尼西亚纸浆木自身价格的负弹性，印度尼西亚政府（GoI）可能采取的一项政策是提供补贴，将纸浆木价格降低10%。补贴可以通过减少税收和报复来实施，如财产税（Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan）和地方报复（Retribusi Daerah）。通过这样做，与其他市场相比，它将在韩国市场带来更多好处。印度尼西亚的需求份额将从0.28增加到0.31，回报率高（>2）。在世界市场上，印尼的需求份额将从0.08增加到0.1，回报率为1.89。因此，本研究建议对印尼纸浆木行业实施补贴政策。
{"title":"Demand Analysis of Indonesian Pulpwood Using Transcendental Logarithmic Model: a Study of the World and Selected Asian Markets","authors":"Gunawan Ganda Tua Petrus Simanjuntak, C. Lin","doi":"10.20886/IJFR.2017.4.2.121-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/IJFR.2017.4.2.121-133","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia’s pulpwood export has shown an increasing trend since 1990s. Along with Brazil, Canada, USA and Chile, Indonesia became one of the top five pulpwood exporter countries in the world. Indonesia’s pulpwood was traded mainly to some Asian countries. This paper examines Indonesian pulpwood export demand during the period 1994-2014 using a Transcendental Logarithmic (TL) model with Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimation. Export data from the five top exporter countries in four different markets (China, Korea, Japan and the world) were analysed. The important findings are as follow: firstly, logarithmic income and second order logarithmic income significantly influence the Chinese and Korean markets. Secondly, in general, Indonesia’s own-prices are elastic and have negative signs (-2.308, -1.06 and -2.04 in the Korean, Japanese and the world markets, respectively). Thirdly, due to its positive sign of crossprice elasticity and also positive signs of income elasticity (1.002, 1.722 and 0.625 in the Chinese, Korean and the world markets, respectively), Indonesian pulpwood could be categorized as a substitute and normal goods. Lastly, regarding to negative and elastic Indonesia’s pulpwood own-prices, one possible policy that could be applied by the Government of Indonesia (GoI) is giving a subsidy to reduce pulpwood price by 10%. Subsidy could be implemented by reducing tax and retribution such as property tax ( Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan ) and local retribution ( Retribusi Daerah ). By doing so, it would give more benefit in the Korean market compared with other markets. Indonesia’s share of demand would increase from 0.28 to 0.31 with high rate of return (>2). On the world markets, Indonesia’s share of demand would increase from 0.08 to 0.1 with a return rate of 1.89. This study, therefore, suggests that a subsidy policy should be implemented for pulpwood industry in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47839764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.85-94
V. Yuskianti, S. Shiraishi
Producing seeds in seed orchards that retain a broad genetic diversity is important for the continued development of a species. The aim of this study was to find out the genetic diversity of, and genetic relationships between several populations of sengon ( Falcataria moluccana ) in the Candiroto seed orchard in Indonesia. Analysis using twelve single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers showed that the total population had a high level of genetic diversity ( H e = 0.359±0.128); the Wamena population in Papua had the highest level. The close genetic relationship between this and the population from East Java suggested that the latter may have been introduced from Wamena. There was also a close genetic relationship between the populations from Central and West Java and that from Mindanao Island in The Phillipines. The high genetic diversity of sengon in the Candiroto seed orchard provides a good basis for selection and breeding.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity And Genetic Relationship Of Sengon (Falcataria Moluccana) Revealed Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (Snp) Markers","authors":"V. Yuskianti, S. Shiraishi","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.85-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.85-94","url":null,"abstract":"Producing seeds in seed orchards that retain a broad genetic diversity is important for the continued development of a species. The aim of this study was to find out the genetic diversity of, and genetic relationships between several populations of sengon ( Falcataria moluccana ) in the Candiroto seed orchard in Indonesia. Analysis using twelve single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers showed that the total population had a high level of genetic diversity ( H e = 0.359±0.128); the Wamena population in Papua had the highest level. The close genetic relationship between this and the population from East Java suggested that the latter may have been introduced from Wamena. There was also a close genetic relationship between the populations from Central and West Java and that from Mindanao Island in The Phillipines. The high genetic diversity of sengon in the Candiroto seed orchard provides a good basis for selection and breeding.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43071186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.151-168
E. Hilmi, C. Kusmana, E. Suhendang, I. Iskandar
Seawater intrusion is an entry process of seawater to land. Many factors have caused seawater intrusion from freshwater exploitation until mangrove degradation. Mangrove ecosystem is a type of forest ecosystem which has an ability to reduce seawater intrusion. This paper analyzes the estimation and prediction of seawater intrusion and correlation between widths of mangrove with seawater intrusion. The relation analysis between the width of mangrove greenbelt with seawater intrusion used an equation model to predict seawater intrusion. The research method used sampling technique, system analysis with powersim software, correlation analysis and mathematical method with trend line analysis. Results show that (1) the mangrove density in the coastal area is approximately 50 – 109 trees/ha. (2) Simulation results showed seawater intrusion rate was about 0.20 km year (with mangrove as a component system), but reached 0.3 – 0.4 km/year (without mangrove as a component system). (3) The simulation result also showed that freshwater salinity was estimated to increase from 1.92 ppt to 4.86 ppt. (4) The relation model between seawater intrusion and mangrove greenbelt showed that correlation coefficient was 0.97 with the equation seawater intrusion (m) = 2264.9 * exp (-0.009 * the width of mangrove greenbelt (m)), the correlation of mangrove width with seawater intrusion was 0.97. (5) Avicennia marina , Avicennia alba , Rhizophora styllosa , Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris were the mangrove species that had the best ability to reduce seawater intrusion.
{"title":"CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN SEAWATER INTRUSION AND MANGROVE GREENBELT","authors":"E. Hilmi, C. Kusmana, E. Suhendang, I. Iskandar","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.151-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.151-168","url":null,"abstract":"Seawater intrusion is an entry process of seawater to land. Many factors have caused seawater intrusion from freshwater exploitation until mangrove degradation. Mangrove ecosystem is a type of forest ecosystem which has an ability to reduce seawater intrusion. This paper analyzes the estimation and prediction of seawater intrusion and correlation between widths of mangrove with seawater intrusion. The relation analysis between the width of mangrove greenbelt with seawater intrusion used an equation model to predict seawater intrusion. The research method used sampling technique, system analysis with powersim software, correlation analysis and mathematical method with trend line analysis. Results show that (1) the mangrove density in the coastal area is approximately 50 – 109 trees/ha. (2) Simulation results showed seawater intrusion rate was about 0.20 km year (with mangrove as a component system), but reached 0.3 – 0.4 km/year (without mangrove as a component system). (3) The simulation result also showed that freshwater salinity was estimated to increase from 1.92 ppt to 4.86 ppt. (4) The relation model between seawater intrusion and mangrove greenbelt showed that correlation coefficient was 0.97 with the equation seawater intrusion (m) = 2264.9 * exp (-0.009 * the width of mangrove greenbelt (m)), the correlation of mangrove width with seawater intrusion was 0.97. (5) Avicennia marina , Avicennia alba , Rhizophora styllosa , Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris were the mangrove species that had the best ability to reduce seawater intrusion.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"151-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.95-106
Subekti Rahayu, S. Basuni, A. Kartono, A. Hikmat, M. Noordwijk
Repeated forest fires highly impact on tree species composition. Forest planning requires information about the current condition of species composition. This paper investigates the current tree composition of natural regeneration after repeated forest fires, regeneration process after repeated fires, and strategy of secondary growth related to ecological restoration issues. Re-observation of the 1.8 hectares permanent plot in Samboja Research Forest was conducted in 2011. All trees with diameters above 10 cm at breast height (DBH) were re-numbered and mapped. Herbarium specimen was collected for species identification. Number of taxon was determined, Important Value Index was calculated, species trait of light response was identified based on the references and dispersion index species was calculated. Results show after twenty eight years initial forest fire, 191 species naturally regenerated in the burnt area. Macaranga gigantea , a light demanding pioneer species of Euphorbiaceae was the most dominant species, followed by Vernonia arborea belonging to Asteraceae. Both, M. gigantea and V. arborea had clumped distribution. Eight species identified survived from repeated fires, are Anthocephalus chinensis , Dipterocarpus cornutus , Diospyros borneensis , Eusideroxylon zwageri , Shorea ovalis , Syzygium borneensis , Pholidocarpus majadum and Vatica umbonata . All surviving species was distributed uniformly in the plot. Dominant pioneer species which has grown after repeated fires indicates that the current condition of burnt forest is in the early succession. Protecting forest, assisting natural regeneration and monitoring dominant species are suggested as activities for the ecological restoration.
{"title":"TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF 1.8 HA PLOT SAMBOJA RESEARCH FOREST: 28 YEARS AFTER INITIAL FIRE","authors":"Subekti Rahayu, S. Basuni, A. Kartono, A. Hikmat, M. Noordwijk","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.95-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.2.95-106","url":null,"abstract":"Repeated forest fires highly impact on tree species composition. Forest planning requires information about the current condition of species composition. This paper investigates the current tree composition of natural regeneration after repeated forest fires, regeneration process after repeated fires, and strategy of secondary growth related to ecological restoration issues. Re-observation of the 1.8 hectares permanent plot in Samboja Research Forest was conducted in 2011. All trees with diameters above 10 cm at breast height (DBH) were re-numbered and mapped. Herbarium specimen was collected for species identification. Number of taxon was determined, Important Value Index was calculated, species trait of light response was identified based on the references and dispersion index species was calculated. Results show after twenty eight years initial forest fire, 191 species naturally regenerated in the burnt area. Macaranga gigantea , a light demanding pioneer species of Euphorbiaceae was the most dominant species, followed by Vernonia arborea belonging to Asteraceae. Both, M. gigantea and V. arborea had clumped distribution. Eight species identified survived from repeated fires, are Anthocephalus chinensis , Dipterocarpus cornutus , Diospyros borneensis , Eusideroxylon zwageri , Shorea ovalis , Syzygium borneensis , Pholidocarpus majadum and Vatica umbonata . All surviving species was distributed uniformly in the plot. Dominant pioneer species which has grown after repeated fires indicates that the current condition of burnt forest is in the early succession. Protecting forest, assisting natural regeneration and monitoring dominant species are suggested as activities for the ecological restoration.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47727103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-29DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.15-25
D. Astiani, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, L. Curran, M. Mujiman, R. Salim
Currently, tropical peatland forests are under considerable pressure because of increasing deforestation and degradation of forests. In Kalimantan, degradation and deforestation of peatland forests are driven primarily by industrial logging, expansion of agricultural activities through primarily conversion of forests to agricultural land and oil palm plantations. By the establishment of intensive drainage, it can induce wildfires in peatland. Unmanaged drainage ditches will alter water table levels within the site adjacent to the drainage including to surrounding peatland forest. Water table assessments were conducted before and after peatland drainage on 2007/2009 and 2012/2015 in Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. This paper studies the effect of drainage ditches into the peatland water table. Results show the establishment of drainage ditches on this peatland landscape lowered the water table by more than 3 times from ~11.7 cm (SE = 1.5, n = 5) to ~37.3 cm (SE = 2.1 cm, n = 26). The effect on the water table was in drier months of July-August. Lowering the water table level altered worst the soil micro climate, peat temperature and peat water content. The results indicate the land use changes in peatland with the establishment of drainage affects peatland water table currently. In the area of less than 500 m from the drainage, the water level tends to lower toward the drainage feature. Therefore, recovery of peatland forests should be initiated by managing the landscape hydrology (i.e. water table) to restore the ecosystem and to protect the remaining peat swamp forest.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF DRAINAGE DITCHES ON WATER TABLE LEVEL, SOIL CONDITIONS AND TREE GROWTH OF DEGRADED PEATLAND FORESTS IN WEST KALIMANTAN","authors":"D. Astiani, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, L. Curran, M. Mujiman, R. Salim","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.15-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.15-25","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, tropical peatland forests are under considerable pressure because of increasing deforestation and degradation of forests. In Kalimantan, degradation and deforestation of peatland forests are driven primarily by industrial logging, expansion of agricultural activities through primarily conversion of forests to agricultural land and oil palm plantations. By the establishment of intensive drainage, it can induce wildfires in peatland. Unmanaged drainage ditches will alter water table levels within the site adjacent to the drainage including to surrounding peatland forest. Water table assessments were conducted before and after peatland drainage on 2007/2009 and 2012/2015 in Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. This paper studies the effect of drainage ditches into the peatland water table. Results show the establishment of drainage ditches on this peatland landscape lowered the water table by more than 3 times from ~11.7 cm (SE = 1.5, n = 5) to ~37.3 cm (SE = 2.1 cm, n = 26). The effect on the water table was in drier months of July-August. Lowering the water table level altered worst the soil micro climate, peat temperature and peat water content. The results indicate the land use changes in peatland with the establishment of drainage affects peatland water table currently. In the area of less than 500 m from the drainage, the water level tends to lower toward the drainage feature. Therefore, recovery of peatland forests should be initiated by managing the landscape hydrology (i.e. water table) to restore the ecosystem and to protect the remaining peat swamp forest.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45912670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-29DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.37-48
B. Narendra, H. H. Siringoringo, C. A. Siregar
Flood events in downstream of Ciasem watershed are believed to occur due to degradation of watershed and mangrove cover. This paper studies the flood hazard and vulnerability caused by tidal and river flood, mainly on vegetation and built up areas as the main element of risk. The observation was focused at downstream of Ciasem watershed, located in MuaraVillage, Blanakan subdistrict, north coastal region of Subang District. Tidal flood hazard was mapped using iteration process in ILWIS 3.4 software while river flood hazard map was made up incorporating elevation, slope and river characteristics using hydrological tools (HEC-geo RAS and HEC-RAS) in ArcGIS 10 software. Those hazard maps were then utilized to determine element of risk covering vegetation and built up areas. Result showed that tidal inundation started to happen in the western area dominated by fish ponds as the main element of risk.When sea level rose up to 90 cm height, settlement areas were experiencing inundation by tidal flood. Ciasem River began to over flowwhen the river discharge exceeded 160 m 3 /sec and inundated the paddy fields, fish ponds and settlements. This study indicated that fish ponds and paddy fields having high vulnerability to the flood event while that of settlements and roads depend on the construction materials. Flood disaster risk should be reduced by continuing the land rehabilitation activity, restoring mangrove vegetation, implementing government regulations on management and establishment of aquaculture in mangrove, and carefully considering the construction of coastal protection barriers.
Ciasem流域下游的洪水事件被认为是由于流域和红树林覆盖退化而发生的。本文主要以植被和建成区为主要风险因素，研究了潮汐和河流洪水引起的洪水危害和脆弱性。观测的重点是位于苏邦区北部沿海地区布拉纳坎街道muarvillage的Ciasem流域下游。在ILWIS 3.4软件中使用迭代过程绘制潮汐洪水灾害图，在ArcGIS 10软件中使用水文工具(HEC-geo RAS和HEC-RAS)绘制包含高程、坡度和河流特征的河流洪水灾害图。然后利用这些危险图来确定覆盖植被和建筑区域的危险因素。结果表明，以鱼塘为主要风险因素的西部地区开始发生潮汐淹没。当海平面上升到90厘米高度时，定居点就会被潮汐洪水淹没。当河流流量超过160 m /s时，慈溪河开始泛滥，淹没了稻田、鱼塘和居民点。研究表明，鱼塘和水田对洪涝灾害的易损性较高，而居民点和道路对洪涝灾害的易损性取决于建筑材料。通过继续进行土地复垦活动，恢复红树林植被，执行政府关于红树林管理和水产养殖的规定，并认真考虑沿海保护屏障的建设，可以降低洪水灾害风险。
{"title":"Gis Based Flood Hazard and Vulnerability Mapping: a Case Study of Tidal and River Floods in Downstream of Ciasem Watershed, Subang-West Java","authors":"B. Narendra, H. H. Siringoringo, C. A. Siregar","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.37-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.37-48","url":null,"abstract":"Flood events in downstream of Ciasem watershed are believed to occur due to degradation of watershed and mangrove cover. This paper studies the flood hazard and vulnerability caused by tidal and river flood, mainly on vegetation and built up areas as the main element of risk. The observation was focused at downstream of Ciasem watershed, located in MuaraVillage, Blanakan subdistrict, north coastal region of Subang District. Tidal flood hazard was mapped using iteration process in ILWIS 3.4 software while river flood hazard map was made up incorporating elevation, slope and river characteristics using hydrological tools (HEC-geo RAS and HEC-RAS) in ArcGIS 10 software. Those hazard maps were then utilized to determine element of risk covering vegetation and built up areas. Result showed that tidal inundation started to happen in the western area dominated by fish ponds as the main element of risk.When sea level rose up to 90 cm height, settlement areas were experiencing inundation by tidal flood. Ciasem River began to over flowwhen the river discharge exceeded 160 m 3 /sec and inundated the paddy fields, fish ponds and settlements. This study indicated that fish ponds and paddy fields having high vulnerability to the flood event while that of settlements and roads depend on the construction materials. Flood disaster risk should be reduced by continuing the land rehabilitation activity, restoring mangrove vegetation, implementing government regulations on management and establishment of aquaculture in mangrove, and carefully considering the construction of coastal protection barriers.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-29DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.27-35
W. Wahyudi
The biodiversity richness of tropical forests in Papua provides substantial livelihood necessities for most forest people. This includes Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), under-valued, neglected, or minor forest commodities that play a key role for the entire livelihood of the forest people. This paper highlights the diversity of NTFP marketed by the local people of Papua at traditional markets in Manokwari, West Papua. Data were collected from twenty respondents selected randomly from two local markets at Manokwari and field visits to surrounding (primary or secondary) forests, and analyzed using simple statistical analysis. The result indicates that 29 NTFPs commodities were on the market, and grouped into vegetables (9), food (4), fruit (7), medicinal herbs (4), tools (3) and addictive material (2). These commodities give alternative incomes, create unskilled jobs to the female-forest dwellers at Manokwari, and provide daily fresh vegetables and nutritious products for local customers. The marketed NTFPs are harvested from surrounding primary or secondary forest areas of Manokwari. Banana is the most favorable commodity in high demand either serving as food or fruit. Sago ( Metroxylon spp.) is the only commodity supplied from other areas out of Manokwari, mainly from Wondama, Biak, Jayapura, and Serui. Annual events of Christmas and New Year create the highest demand for sago processed to papeda, that represent cultural or heritage food for most of the Papuanese family gatherings. Cultivation of these NTFPs has to be seriously considered for sustainable harvest due to the current extensive harvesting from the nature which will deplete the resources if no intensive cultivation carried out. To sustain availability of fresh daily needs, and provide alternative income to local people, local government, forest institutions, universities, non government organizations, and motivators need to work together to gain added value and secure sustainable supply of those NTFPs.
{"title":"NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT (NTFP) COMMODITIES HARVESTED AND MARKETED BY LOCAL PEOPLE AT THE LOCAL MARKETS IN MANOKWARI – WEST PAPUA","authors":"W. Wahyudi","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.27-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2017.4.1.27-35","url":null,"abstract":"The biodiversity richness of tropical forests in Papua provides substantial livelihood necessities for most forest people. This includes Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), under-valued, neglected, or minor forest commodities that play a key role for the entire livelihood of the forest people. This paper highlights the diversity of NTFP marketed by the local people of Papua at traditional markets in Manokwari, West Papua. Data were collected from twenty respondents selected randomly from two local markets at Manokwari and field visits to surrounding (primary or secondary) forests, and analyzed using simple statistical analysis. The result indicates that 29 NTFPs commodities were on the market, and grouped into vegetables (9), food (4), fruit (7), medicinal herbs (4), tools (3) and addictive material (2). These commodities give alternative incomes, create unskilled jobs to the female-forest dwellers at Manokwari, and provide daily fresh vegetables and nutritious products for local customers. The marketed NTFPs are harvested from surrounding primary or secondary forest areas of Manokwari. Banana is the most favorable commodity in high demand either serving as food or fruit. Sago ( Metroxylon spp.) is the only commodity supplied from other areas out of Manokwari, mainly from Wondama, Biak, Jayapura, and Serui. Annual events of Christmas and New Year create the highest demand for sago processed to papeda, that represent cultural or heritage food for most of the Papuanese family gatherings. Cultivation of these NTFPs has to be seriously considered for sustainable harvest due to the current extensive harvesting from the nature which will deplete the resources if no intensive cultivation carried out. To sustain availability of fresh daily needs, and provide alternative income to local people, local government, forest institutions, universities, non government organizations, and motivators need to work together to gain added value and secure sustainable supply of those NTFPs.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43675537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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