Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.187-197
H. Özel, B. Yaman, T. Varol
Scots pine is geographically the most widespread pine species in the world, and it shows different growth responses to climate and environmental factors in diverse ecological sites. We studied both the stand dynamics and climate-growth relationships of Scots pine in isolated coastal stand (recently found) in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The homogeneity index of this stand has varied between 1.92-3.56. In growth-ring analyses, after cross-dating of individual chronologies, COFECHA and ARSTAN software were used respectively for chronology quality control and standardization (detrend). In this way, a 58-year-long chronology (1959-2016) of Scots pine was constructed. In addition, DENDROCLIM software was used for investigating Scots pine’s radial growth-climate relationships. Mean sensitivity changed from 0.163 to 0.331, with a mean of 0.183. Mean correlation among trees and signal to noise ratio were 0.389 and 7.012 respectively. In terms of the effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Scots pine in this site, the correlation coefficients were 0.43 (p<0.05) for December of the previous year and 0.41 (p<0.05) for July of the current year. For all the other months, precipitation had a non-significant effect. As for the maximum and mean air temperature, the correlation coefficients were 0.36 (p<0.05) and 0.40 (p<0.05) for February, and 0.40 (p<0.05) and 0.42 (p<0.05) for March, respectively. However, on the radial growth, while the maximum temperature in August had a negative effect (r= -0.26; p<0.05), minimum temperatures in February, March and July had a positive effect (r= 0.39, 0.40 and 0.34 respectively; p<0.05). It means while higher rains in July and higher temperatures in the late winter-early spring have caused the wider growth rings, the narrower growth rings have been formed in the years with higher maximum temperatures in August in the isolated coastal site of Scots pine.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON THE RADIAL GROWTH OF SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) IN A COASTAL MIXED STAND IN KAPISUYU, BARTIN, TURKEY","authors":"H. Özel, B. Yaman, T. Varol","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.187-197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.187-197","url":null,"abstract":"Scots pine is geographically the most widespread pine species in the world, and it shows different growth responses to climate and environmental factors in diverse ecological sites. We studied both the stand dynamics and climate-growth relationships of Scots pine in isolated coastal stand (recently found) in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The homogeneity index of this stand has varied between 1.92-3.56. In growth-ring analyses, after cross-dating of individual chronologies, COFECHA and ARSTAN software were used respectively for chronology quality control and standardization (detrend). In this way, a 58-year-long chronology (1959-2016) of Scots pine was constructed. In addition, DENDROCLIM software was used for investigating Scots pine’s radial growth-climate relationships. Mean sensitivity changed from 0.163 to 0.331, with a mean of 0.183. Mean correlation among trees and signal to noise ratio were 0.389 and 7.012 respectively. In terms of the effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Scots pine in this site, the correlation coefficients were 0.43 (p<0.05) for December of the previous year and 0.41 (p<0.05) for July of the current year. For all the other months, precipitation had a non-significant effect. As for the maximum and mean air temperature, the correlation coefficients were 0.36 (p<0.05) and 0.40 (p<0.05) for February, and 0.40 (p<0.05) and 0.42 (p<0.05) for March, respectively. However, on the radial growth, while the maximum temperature in August had a negative effect (r= -0.26; p<0.05), minimum temperatures in February, March and July had a positive effect (r= 0.39, 0.40 and 0.34 respectively; p<0.05). It means while higher rains in July and higher temperatures in the late winter-early spring have caused the wider growth rings, the narrower growth rings have been formed in the years with higher maximum temperatures in August in the isolated coastal site of Scots pine.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.241-257
S. Lahiri, S. Dash
Habitat destruction, over exploitation, monoculture are major reasons for loss of primary forests in Himalaya. Tree population, composition and diversity particularly in the temperate Himalaya play a key role in the maintenance of many ecosystem services and natural biogeochemical cycles. The present study explores composition and regeneration status of tree species in a temperate mixed forest in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India. Two sites at an elevation range of 2800–3800 m were selected and 20 plots of 20 m × 20 m for trees, 80 plots of 5 m × 5 m for saplings, and 160 plots of 1 m × 1 m for seedlings were sampled to study the regeneration status. A total of 17 tree species belonging to 9 genera and 8 families were recorded of which Rhododendron was the most dominant genus with maximum number of species. All the phytosociological attributes, such as relative density, abundance and important value index were calculated. The average species richness of adult trees and saplings was 13.5± 0.7 and for seedlings it was 12.5 ± 0.07. The mean density of seedlings was 3609.77 ± 494.39 individuals/ ha, for saplings 1540 ± 113.13 individuals/ha and of mature trees 548.75 ± 8.83 individuals/ha. Total basal area cover ranged from 36.61 to 40.35 m2/ha for trees, from 1.54 to 1.71 m2/ha for saplings. Fair regeneration was observed in 64.72% of total species; good regeneration observed in 17.64% species, 11.76 % species exhibited poor regeneration while 5.88% showed no regeneration. Density-diameter distribution exhibited decrease in tree densities towards higher DBH classes. The study not only provides reliable information on the ecosystem’s health of the sanctuary but also will help in understanding the complexity of the ecosystem function and an approach to conservation of biota.
生境破坏、过度开发、单一栽培是造成喜马拉雅原始森林减少的主要原因。特别是在温带喜马拉雅地区，树木种群、组成和多样性在维持许多生态系统服务和自然生物地球化学循环方面发挥着关键作用。本文研究了印度东锡金京诺斯拉高山保护区温带混交林树种的组成和更新状况。在海拔2800 ~ 3800 m范围内选取2个样地，20 m × 20 m乔木样地、80 m × 5 m树苗样地、160 m × 1 m幼苗样地进行更新状况研究。共记录到17种乔木，隶属于8科9属，其中杜鹃属为优势属，种数最多。计算了相对密度、丰度和重要价值指数等植物社会学属性。成树和幼树的平均物种丰富度为13.5±0.7，幼苗的平均物种丰富度为12.5±0.07。幼苗平均密度为3609.77±494.39株/ha，幼树平均密度为1540±113.13株/ha，成熟乔木平均密度为548.75±8.83株/ha。树木的总基面积为36.61 ~ 40.35 m2/ha，树苗的基面积为1.54 ~ 1.71 m2/ha。64.72%的种属再生正常;再生良好的占17.64%，再生差的占11.76%，无再生的占5.88%。密度-径分布呈向高胸径级递减的趋势。该研究不仅为该保护区生态系统的健康状况提供了可靠的信息，而且有助于了解生态系统功能的复杂性和生物区系的保护方法。
{"title":"COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION STATUS OF TREE SPECIES IN KYONGNOSLA ALPINE SANCTUARY, EASTERN HIMALAYA, INDIA","authors":"S. Lahiri, S. Dash","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.241-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.241-257","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat destruction, over exploitation, monoculture are major reasons for loss of primary forests in Himalaya. Tree population, composition and diversity particularly in the temperate Himalaya play a key role in the maintenance of many ecosystem services and natural biogeochemical cycles. The present study explores composition and regeneration status of tree species in a temperate mixed forest in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India. Two sites at an elevation range of 2800–3800 m were selected and 20 plots of 20 m × 20 m for trees, 80 plots of 5 m × 5 m for saplings, and 160 plots of 1 m × 1 m for seedlings were sampled to study the regeneration status. A total of 17 tree species belonging to 9 genera and 8 families were recorded of which Rhododendron was the most dominant genus with maximum number of species. All the phytosociological attributes, such as relative density, abundance and important value index were calculated. The average species richness of adult trees and saplings was 13.5± 0.7 and for seedlings it was 12.5 ± 0.07. The mean density of seedlings was 3609.77 ± 494.39 individuals/ ha, for saplings 1540 ± 113.13 individuals/ha and of mature trees 548.75 ± 8.83 individuals/ha. Total basal area cover ranged from 36.61 to 40.35 m2/ha for trees, from 1.54 to 1.71 m2/ha for saplings. Fair regeneration was observed in 64.72% of total species; good regeneration observed in 17.64% species, 11.76 % species exhibited poor regeneration while 5.88% showed no regeneration. Density-diameter distribution exhibited decrease in tree densities towards higher DBH classes. The study not only provides reliable information on the ecosystem’s health of the sanctuary but also will help in understanding the complexity of the ecosystem function and an approach to conservation of biota.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.173-186
C. Wulandari, P. Budiono, D. Iswandaru
A restoration program is needed by West Lampung District, because 80% of the protected forests in this district have been damaged. Bina Wana (BW) Community Forest Group (CFG) has been successful in carrying out restoration program of 465 ha of Bukit Rigis protected forest. It resulted in an 80% increase in its members' income and an increase by 2.58% of the forest cover. To maintain the success of a sustainable restoration program, high commitment from the community is needed. This research has been conducted in June-July 2019 at West Lampung District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The objective of this research is to analyse the social variables that affect restoration in the protection forest. The dependent variable is income and independent variables consist of respondents’ characteristics as individuals and social characteristics of the community. Based on the multiple regression linear analysis from 75 respondents, it was found that the significant variables for the sustainability of the restoration of Bukit Rigis protected forest are as follow: age, sex, education, status in CFG, distance from home to CF areas, social aids and social capital (networks, norms and trust). Existence of the youth groups namely Himpunan Pemuda Peduli Hutan dan Lingkungan (HPPHL) and Melati Women Forest Farmer Group (WFFG) plays an important role in implementing the restoration program. Establishment of HPPHL will ensure regeneration in maintaining the sustainability of restoration achievements. The role of WFFG is also important because their households’ income is supported by WFFG and enables the BW CFG members to be more concentrated in maintaining forest sustainability.
西楠榜区需要一项恢复计划，因为该区80%的受保护森林已经遭到破坏。Bina Wana（BW）社区森林集团（CFG）成功实施了465公顷Bukit Rigis保护林的恢复计划。它使其成员的收入增加了80%，森林覆盖率增加了2.58%。为了保持可持续恢复计划的成功，需要社区的高度承诺。这项研究于2019年6月至7月在印度尼西亚楠榜省西楠榜区进行。本研究的目的是分析影响防护林恢复的社会变量。因变量是收入，自变量包括受访者的个人特征和社区的社会特征。基于75名受访者的多元回归线性分析，发现武吉里吉斯保护林恢复可持续性的重要变量如下：年龄、性别、教育程度、在CFG的地位、离家到CF地区的距离、社会援助和社会资本（网络、规范和信任）。青年团体，即Himpunan Pemuda Peduli Hutan dan Lingkungan（HPPHL）和Melati女森林农民团体（WFFG）的存在，在实施恢复计划中发挥着重要作用。HPPHL的建立将确保再生，以保持恢复成果的可持续性。WFFG的作用也很重要，因为他们的家庭收入由WFFG支持，并使BW CFG成员能够更集中地维护森林可持续性。
{"title":"IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF COMMUNITY TO SUPPORT RESTORATION PROGRAM IN PROTECTION FOREST","authors":"C. Wulandari, P. Budiono, D. Iswandaru","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.173-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.173-186","url":null,"abstract":"A restoration program is needed by West Lampung District, because 80% of the protected forests in this district have been damaged. Bina Wana (BW) Community Forest Group (CFG) has been successful in carrying out restoration program of 465 ha of Bukit Rigis protected forest. It resulted in an 80% increase in its members' income and an increase by 2.58% of the forest cover. To maintain the success of a sustainable restoration program, high commitment from the community is needed. This research has been conducted in June-July 2019 at West Lampung District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The objective of this research is to analyse the social variables that affect restoration in the protection forest. The dependent variable is income and independent variables consist of respondents’ characteristics as individuals and social characteristics of the community. Based on the multiple regression linear analysis from 75 respondents, it was found that the significant variables for the sustainability of the restoration of Bukit Rigis protected forest are as follow: age, sex, education, status in CFG, distance from home to CF areas, social aids and social capital (networks, norms and trust). Existence of the youth groups namely Himpunan Pemuda Peduli Hutan dan Lingkungan (HPPHL) and Melati Women Forest Farmer Group (WFFG) plays an important role in implementing the restoration program. Establishment of HPPHL will ensure regeneration in maintaining the sustainability of restoration achievements. The role of WFFG is also important because their households’ income is supported by WFFG and enables the BW CFG members to be more concentrated in maintaining forest sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49132821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.213-227
D. Pamungkas, A. Umroni, N. A. Prasetyo
Screw tree (Helicteres isora) is a shrub species (Fam: Malvaceae) with 1.5–4 m in height and with multi-main trunks up to 9–12. In Indonesia, kayu ules has been used as a traditional medicine, known as jamu, and has been commercialized. In order to cultivate this species, vegetative propagation is likely promising compared to the generative propagation since seed viability is low and cannot be stored for longterm. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on which diameter classes, media types and light intensities would give the best result for vegetative propagation. This research aimed to obtain information on which diameter classes and media that were suitable for kayu ules stem cutting propagation and to what degree the light intensity would be best for the growth of the seedlings of kayu ules. Three diameter classes and four media types were employed in a complete random design under the greenhouse environment. Three months old good quality vegetatively-propagated seedlings were transplanted under two light intensities (under transparent canopy and shading net). The result showed that considering the factor of diameter classes and media in kayu ules stem cutting propagation, it had improved the survival of the stem cutting. Diameter class I was best grown in media type 3 with 46.67 ± 12.2 % of survival rate, diameter class II was best grown in media type 2 with 38.67 ± 11.6 % of survival rate, whereas diameter class III was best grown in media type 4 with 52 ± 6.9 % of survival rate. The transplanted seedlings also grew significantly better under transparent canopy with higher light intensity. The distinctive features of screw tree under shading net were wider leaf area, higher specific leaf area and relative water content but it was lower in above ground dry biomass compared to the kayu ules under transparent canopy.
{"title":"EFFECT OF STEM DIAMETER, MEDIA TYPE AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF MEDICINAL PLANT OF SCREW TREE/KAYU ULES (Helicteres isora Linn.)","authors":"D. Pamungkas, A. Umroni, N. A. Prasetyo","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.213-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.213-227","url":null,"abstract":"Screw tree (Helicteres isora) is a shrub species (Fam: Malvaceae) with 1.5–4 m in height and with multi-main trunks up to 9–12. In Indonesia, kayu ules has been used as a traditional medicine, known as jamu, and has been commercialized. In order to cultivate this species, vegetative propagation is likely promising compared to the generative propagation since seed viability is low and cannot be stored for longterm. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on which diameter classes, media types and light intensities would give the best result for vegetative propagation. This research aimed to obtain information on which diameter classes and media that were suitable for kayu ules stem cutting propagation and to what degree the light intensity would be best for the growth of the seedlings of kayu ules. Three diameter classes and four media types were employed in a complete random design under the greenhouse environment. Three months old good quality vegetatively-propagated seedlings were transplanted under two light intensities (under transparent canopy and shading net). The result showed that considering the factor of diameter classes and media in kayu ules stem cutting propagation, it had improved the survival of the stem cutting. Diameter class I was best grown in media type 3 with 46.67 ± 12.2 % of survival rate, diameter class II was best grown in media type 2 with 38.67 ± 11.6 % of survival rate, whereas diameter class III was best grown in media type 4 with 52 ± 6.9 % of survival rate. The transplanted seedlings also grew significantly better under transparent canopy with higher light intensity. The distinctive features of screw tree under shading net were wider leaf area, higher specific leaf area and relative water content but it was lower in above ground dry biomass compared to the kayu ules under transparent canopy.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46537148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.127-134
T. Priadi, Nurul Chotimah, A. Ismanto
Pond apple (Annona glabra L.) belongs to the family of Annonaceae. The seed of A. glabra contains bioactive substance that is toxic to some organisms, however the effectiveness to control wood degrading termites has not yet been scientifically reported. This research analyzes the efficacy of A. glabra seed extract to wood degrading termites. Seed extraction was conducted using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The paper disc test showed that the extract of A. glabra is toxic to Cryptotermes cynocephalus (dry-wood termites) and Coptotermes curvignathus (subterranean termites). The higher extract concentration (up to 63%) resulted in a higher termite mortality (up to 100%) and lower weight loss of paper sample (less than 1%). Ethyl acetate extract of A. glabra seeds has a better toxicity effect than n-hexane extract against dry wood termites and subterranean termites.
{"title":"BIOACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF Annona glabra L. SEED EXTRACTS FOR WOOD PROTECTION AGAINST TERMITES (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light. AND Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren.)","authors":"T. Priadi, Nurul Chotimah, A. Ismanto","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.127-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.127-134","url":null,"abstract":"Pond apple (Annona glabra L.) belongs to the family of Annonaceae. The seed of A. glabra contains bioactive substance that is toxic to some organisms, however the effectiveness to control wood degrading termites has not yet been scientifically reported. This research analyzes the efficacy of A. glabra seed extract to wood degrading termites. Seed extraction was conducted using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The paper disc test showed that the extract of A. glabra is toxic to Cryptotermes cynocephalus (dry-wood termites) and Coptotermes curvignathus (subterranean termites). The higher extract concentration (up to 63%) resulted in a higher termite mortality (up to 100%) and lower weight loss of paper sample (less than 1%). Ethyl acetate extract of A. glabra seeds has a better toxicity effect than n-hexane extract against dry wood termites and subterranean termites.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41577394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.159-171
T. Darmawan, A. Bahanawan, D. S. Adi, W. Dwianto, N. Nugroho
Removing the outer part of bamboo for manufacturing flat bamboo lamination has disadvantage on the density of the product. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the fixation of compressed bamboo from curved cross-section slats. The compression of bamboo slats using densification technique was aimed for uniform density. Furthermore, steam treatments were conducted to fix the deformation. The compressed bamboo slats revealed that the density of the samples at the bottom parts increased from 0.40–0.56 g/cm3 to 0.89–1.05 g/cm3 after pressing with a compression level between 46.98–63.97%, while the samples in the middle parts increased from 0.70–0.83 g/cm3 to 1.02–1.18 g/cm3 with the compression level of 32.92–41.50%. These results were slightly higher than that of the upper parts, which was between 0.91–0.98 g/cm3. The recovery of set decreased and the weight loss increased with increasing temperature and steam treatment time. Fixation of compressive deformation could be achieved at 160°C within 60 minutes. The bottom parts of samples experienced a slightly greater weight loss compared to the middle parts, i.e. 8.38% and 7.49%, respectively. The anatomical structure of bamboo tended to deform during densification process. Furthermore, the steam treatments affected the colour of densified bamboo which became darker. From this experiment, it can be concluded that the manufacture of laminated bamboo from bamboo slats can be uniformed in strength by equalizing the density at the bottom and middle with the upper parts through the densification technique. However, further research should be conducted to know the delamination and shear strength of the bamboo lamination.
{"title":"FIXATION PROCESS OF LAMINATED BAMBOO COMPRESSION FROM CURVED CROSS-SECTION SLATS","authors":"T. Darmawan, A. Bahanawan, D. S. Adi, W. Dwianto, N. Nugroho","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.159-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.159-171","url":null,"abstract":"Removing the outer part of bamboo for manufacturing flat bamboo lamination has disadvantage on the density of the product. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the fixation of compressed bamboo from curved cross-section slats. The compression of bamboo slats using densification technique was aimed for uniform density. Furthermore, steam treatments were conducted to fix the deformation. The compressed bamboo slats revealed that the density of the samples at the bottom parts increased from 0.40–0.56 g/cm3 to 0.89–1.05 g/cm3 after pressing with a compression level between 46.98–63.97%, while the samples in the middle parts increased from 0.70–0.83 g/cm3 to 1.02–1.18 g/cm3 with the compression level of 32.92–41.50%. These results were slightly higher than that of the upper parts, which was between 0.91–0.98 g/cm3. The recovery of set decreased and the weight loss increased with increasing temperature and steam treatment time. Fixation of compressive deformation could be achieved at 160°C within 60 minutes. The bottom parts of samples experienced a slightly greater weight loss compared to the middle parts, i.e. 8.38% and 7.49%, respectively. The anatomical structure of bamboo tended to deform during densification process. Furthermore, the steam treatments affected the colour of densified bamboo which became darker. From this experiment, it can be concluded that the manufacture of laminated bamboo from bamboo slats can be uniformed in strength by equalizing the density at the bottom and middle with the upper parts through the densification technique. However, further research should be conducted to know the delamination and shear strength of the bamboo lamination.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44572356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.37-57
Ignatius Adi Nugroho, Darwo Darwo, Dhany Yuniarti
Peatland forests became the centre of discussions in Indonesia because 33% of 2.4 million hectares burned in 2014. This research aims to describe the stakeholders' position and their logic in choosing a strategy for peatland forest areas. The result shows that nine stakeholders were actively involved in peatland forest restoration in West Tanjung Jabung Regency. Based on categorization, the analysis points out that all stakeholders had occupied key players' position. Further analysis using a ladder of participation criteria found two models of participation, i.e. citizen power and tokenism. However, the value of citizen power is higher than tokenism that is 56% and 44%, respectively. It means that stakeholders should develop partnership and other models in citizen power criteria to reach their targets. It also means that trust is an essential variable in the relationship among stakeholders and should be developed in peatland forest restoration. The consequence of this research is that stakeholders can improve two strategies, i.e. collaborative forest management and community-based forest management.
{"title":"STAKEHOLDERS' MAPPING AND STRATEGY FOR RESTORING PEATLAND FOREST IN WEST TANJUNG JABUNG JAMBI, INDONESIA","authors":"Ignatius Adi Nugroho, Darwo Darwo, Dhany Yuniarti","doi":"10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.37-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.37-57","url":null,"abstract":"Peatland forests became the centre of discussions in Indonesia because 33% of 2.4 million hectares burned in 2014. This research aims to describe the stakeholders' position and their logic in choosing a strategy for peatland forest areas. The result shows that nine stakeholders were actively involved in peatland forest restoration in West Tanjung Jabung Regency. Based on categorization, the analysis points out that all stakeholders had occupied key players' position. Further analysis using a ladder of participation criteria found two models of participation, i.e. citizen power and tokenism. However, the value of citizen power is higher than tokenism that is 56% and 44%, respectively. It means that stakeholders should develop partnership and other models in citizen power criteria to reach their targets. It also means that trust is an essential variable in the relationship among stakeholders and should be developed in peatland forest restoration. The consequence of this research is that stakeholders can improve two strategies, i.e. collaborative forest management and community-based forest management.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48094188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.73-82
S. Sumardi, Komang Rima, S. Farisi, E. Widiastuti
Intensive shrimp culture has encountered many problems, such as declining water quality through disease caused by pathogenic microbes, which affected mortality. This study aimed to determine any potential probiotic from Bacillus sp. collected from mangrove in East Lampung, which could be used to improve the cultured shrimps' proteolytic and probiotic activity. This is a descriptive research with sampling and data collection of bacteria from many samples of mangrove. Result shows 128 isolates Bacillus from which then it has arrived at five potential probiotic Bacillus sp. The study five Bacillus sp. has been isolated with potential properties for probiotic (KPP212, IP121, UJ131, UJ132, SB141). Each isolate has characteristics with proteolytic property, growth in a wide range of pH 4–10 and osmotic stress (0–6% NaCl), non-pathogenic, ability for glucose fermentation, non-motile, and has negative catalase activity. The five potential Bacillus sp. can be used as probiotics for shrimp farming.
{"title":"PROBIOTIC CANDIDATE PROTEOLYTIC Bacillus sp. COLLECTED FROM MANGROVE OF MARGASARI, LAMPUNG","authors":"S. Sumardi, Komang Rima, S. Farisi, E. Widiastuti","doi":"10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.73-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.73-82","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive shrimp culture has encountered many problems, such as declining water quality through disease caused by pathogenic microbes, which affected mortality. This study aimed to determine any potential probiotic from Bacillus sp. collected from mangrove in East Lampung, which could be used to improve the cultured shrimps' proteolytic and probiotic activity. This is a descriptive research with sampling and data collection of bacteria from many samples of mangrove. Result shows 128 isolates Bacillus from which then it has arrived at five potential probiotic Bacillus sp. The study five Bacillus sp. has been isolated with potential properties for probiotic (KPP212, IP121, UJ131, UJ132, SB141). Each isolate has characteristics with proteolytic property, growth in a wide range of pH 4–10 and osmotic stress (0–6% NaCl), non-pathogenic, ability for glucose fermentation, non-motile, and has negative catalase activity. The five potential Bacillus sp. can be used as probiotics for shrimp farming.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49387070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.111-125
E. Y. Yovi, Diah Prasetiana, Natasha Aquilla Nirmalasari
Derivated products of pine resin have been recognised as competitive commodities in global trade, increasing the need to use resources more efficiently. A hand-held tapping machine with small hoe-shape cutters called “mujitek” has been widely applied in Indonesia among efforts to answer this challenge. In this study, a series of observed (actual) work time data were measured and analysed, adopting lean manufacturing to calculate the basic and standard time of the work and estimate the work produced on the tapping operation. Work elements were identified based on their contribution to change or transform the product and were categorised as value-added, non-value-added, and special allowance. Quantitative data on the work productivity in the tapping operation can be used as one fundamental data in determining a work plan to establish a continuous improvement process. The variable fatigue allowances taken into account in this study were standing posture, abnormal posture, muscular energy, atmospheric conditions, and noise. This study shows that non-value-added work elements (repairing machines, chatting, and smoking) cause inefficiency in tapping operation. Analysis of added-value work elements proved that this hand-held tapping machine offers a higher (1.7 times) work productivity than conventional hand-held tapping tools. However, since humans have limitations in the physical, physiological, and mental dimensions that limit their ability to carry out work at a certain level, the discovered work productivity level should also be validated with other thresholds, e.g., physical workload and risk perception.
{"title":"WORK MEASUREMENT STUDY ON MOTOR-MANUAL PINE TAPPING OPERATION: THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF LEAN MANUFACTURING AND ALLOWANCES","authors":"E. Y. Yovi, Diah Prasetiana, Natasha Aquilla Nirmalasari","doi":"10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.111-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.111-125","url":null,"abstract":"Derivated products of pine resin have been recognised as competitive commodities in global trade, increasing the need to use resources more efficiently. A hand-held tapping machine with small hoe-shape cutters called “mujitek” has been widely applied in Indonesia among efforts to answer this challenge. In this study, a series of observed (actual) work time data were measured and analysed, adopting lean manufacturing to calculate the basic and standard time of the work and estimate the work produced on the tapping operation. Work elements were identified based on their contribution to change or transform the product and were categorised as value-added, non-value-added, and special allowance. Quantitative data on the work productivity in the tapping operation can be used as one fundamental data in determining a work plan to establish a continuous improvement process. The variable fatigue allowances taken into account in this study were standing posture, abnormal posture, muscular energy, atmospheric conditions, and noise. This study shows that non-value-added work elements (repairing machines, chatting, and smoking) cause inefficiency in tapping operation. Analysis of added-value work elements proved that this hand-held tapping machine offers a higher (1.7 times) work productivity than conventional hand-held tapping tools. However, since humans have limitations in the physical, physiological, and mental dimensions that limit their ability to carry out work at a certain level, the discovered work productivity level should also be validated with other thresholds, e.g., physical workload and risk perception.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"111-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47026533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.13-22
P. Wirabuana, R. Setiahadi, R. Sadono, M. Lukito, D. S. Martono
THE INFLUENCE OF STAND DENSITY AND SPECIES DIVERSITY INTO TIMBER PRODUCTION AND CARBON STOCK IN COMMUNITY FOREST. Stand density and species diversity are two indicators that are highly related to forest productivity. However, the effect of those variables on the productivity of community forest is rarely documented. This study evaluates the influence of stand density and species diversity on timber production and carbon stock in the community forest. The study area was located in Madiun District. A field survey was conducted in four different community forest sites, i.e. Morang, Kuwiran, Randualas, and Kare. The sampling technique was by quadrat method using a sample plot size of 25 m x 25 m. The number of sample plots used in this study was 64 units, which were evenly distributed in every site. Comparison of stand attributes among sites was examined by Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by Kruskal-Nemenyi test on the effects of stand density and species diversity on timber production and carbon stock were assessed separately for each parameter using the generalized least square regression test. The process of statistical analysis was applied using a significance level of 5%. Results show a significant difference in stand volume, aboveground biomass, and carbon stock among sites (P<0.05). This study also recorded a meaningful effect of stand density and species diversity on timber production and carbon stock of community forest, wherein stand density provided a higher effect (R2 = 0.68; P<0.05) than species diversity (R2 = 0.26; P<0.05).
林分密度和物种多样性对群落森林木材产量和碳储量的影响。林分密度和物种多样性是与森林生产力高度相关的两个指标。然而，这些变量对群落森林生产力的影响很少有文献记载。本研究评估了林分密度和物种多样性对群落森林木材生产和碳储量的影响。研究区域位于Madiun区。在四个不同的社区森林地点进行了实地调查，即莫朗、库维兰、Randualas和Kare。采样技术采用样方法，样地大小为25 m x 25 m。本研究中使用的样地数量为64个单位，均匀分布在每个地点。通过Kruskal-Wallis检验和Kruskal-Nemenyi检验对林分密度和物种多样性对木材生产和碳储量的影响进行了站点间林分属性的比较，并使用广义最小二乘回归检验对每个参数分别进行了评估。应用统计学分析的过程使用5%的显著性水平。结果表明，不同林分的林分体积、地上生物量和碳储量存在显著差异（P<0.05）。林分密度和物种多样性对群落森林的木材生产和碳储量也有显著影响，其中林分密度的影响（R2=0.68；P<0.05）高于物种多样性（R2=0.26；P<0.05）。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF STAND DENSITY AND SPECIES DIVERSITY INTO TIMBER PRODUCTION AND CARBON STOCK IN COMMUNITY FOREST","authors":"P. Wirabuana, R. Setiahadi, R. Sadono, M. Lukito, D. S. Martono","doi":"10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/IJFR.2021.8.1.13-22","url":null,"abstract":"THE INFLUENCE OF STAND DENSITY AND SPECIES DIVERSITY INTO TIMBER PRODUCTION AND CARBON STOCK IN COMMUNITY FOREST. Stand density and species diversity are two indicators that are highly related to forest productivity. However, the effect of those variables on the productivity of community forest is rarely documented. This study evaluates the influence of stand density and species diversity on timber production and carbon stock in the community forest. The study area was located in Madiun District. A field survey was conducted in four different community forest sites, i.e. Morang, Kuwiran, Randualas, and Kare. The sampling technique was by quadrat method using a sample plot size of 25 m x 25 m. The number of sample plots used in this study was 64 units, which were evenly distributed in every site. Comparison of stand attributes among sites was examined by Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by Kruskal-Nemenyi test on the effects of stand density and species diversity on timber production and carbon stock were assessed separately for each parameter using the generalized least square regression test. The process of statistical analysis was applied using a significance level of 5%. Results show a significant difference in stand volume, aboveground biomass, and carbon stock among sites (P<0.05). This study also recorded a meaningful effect of stand density and species diversity on timber production and carbon stock of community forest, wherein stand density provided a higher effect (R2 = 0.68; P<0.05) than species diversity (R2 = 0.26; P<0.05).","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45236621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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