Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.2.121-133
R. Maharani, A. Fernandes, M. Turjaman, H. Kuspradini, G. Lukmandaru
The "tasty" cuisine tends to use chemical flavour agent containing monosodium glutamate (M.S.G.). M.S.G. utilizations, in long-term, may cause health problems, especially triggering cancer cells. Therefore necessary to introducing and increasing a natural flavouring agent to eliminate those health problem, such as bekai leaf. Bekai (Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers) is familiar as a natural flavour agent (bio-vetsin) in cuisine for forest communities in Nyapa Indah Village, Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, until now there has been no proper analysis support for widespread utilization of bekai leaf. This paper studies the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant and GC MS analysis from bekai leaf extracts, as well as five hedonic classifications of organoleptic test, to reinforce the need for a better understanding of consumers reaction in terms of possible acceptance of additional bekai leaves applied in soup as bio-vetsin. Present study showed that the qualitative screening of phytochemical compounds in bekai leaves ethanolic extracts revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids. Antioxidants of bekai leaves using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) method showed that concentrated extract has 80.1%, which predicted can improve immune for inhibitory action of cancer cells. GC MS analysis suspected that bekai leaf extract contained 5 (five) major compounds, i.e. oxirane dodecyl, gamma sitosterol, vitamin E (α tokoferol), 9.12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (natural linoleic acid), and 3-Tetradecanynoic acid (myristic acid). These chemical compound in related with their phytochemical were predicted to contained strong antioxidant activities and some of them commonly used as flavour agent in cuisine for some food industries. Meanwhile, results of organoleptic tests presence in three soup variant have been provided that soup with additional Bekai leaves has best acceptance in the children's perception due to it has an unique smell, tasty and no colour changing compared with M.S.G. added and control. Thus bekai leaf can be used as an innovation for healthy food and new market opportunities for M.S.G. substitutes.
{"title":"CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF BEKAI (Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers) LEAVES FOR FLAVOURING AGENT (BIO-VETSIN)","authors":"R. Maharani, A. Fernandes, M. Turjaman, H. Kuspradini, G. Lukmandaru","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.2.121-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.2.121-133","url":null,"abstract":"The \"tasty\" cuisine tends to use chemical flavour agent containing monosodium glutamate (M.S.G.). M.S.G. utilizations, in long-term, may cause health problems, especially triggering cancer cells. Therefore necessary to introducing and increasing a natural flavouring agent to eliminate those health problem, such as bekai leaf. Bekai (Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers) is familiar as a natural flavour agent (bio-vetsin) in cuisine for forest communities in Nyapa Indah Village, Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, until now there has been no proper analysis support for widespread utilization of bekai leaf. This paper studies the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant and GC MS analysis from bekai leaf extracts, as well as five hedonic classifications of organoleptic test, to reinforce the need for a better understanding of consumers reaction in terms of possible acceptance of additional bekai leaves applied in soup as bio-vetsin. Present study showed that the qualitative screening of phytochemical compounds in bekai leaves ethanolic extracts revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids. Antioxidants of bekai leaves using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) method showed that concentrated extract has 80.1%, which predicted can improve immune for inhibitory action of cancer cells. GC MS analysis suspected that bekai leaf extract contained 5 (five) major compounds, i.e. oxirane dodecyl, gamma sitosterol, vitamin E (α tokoferol), 9.12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (natural linoleic acid), and 3-Tetradecanynoic acid (myristic acid). These chemical compound in related with their phytochemical were predicted to contained strong antioxidant activities and some of them commonly used as flavour agent in cuisine for some food industries. Meanwhile, results of organoleptic tests presence in three soup variant have been provided that soup with additional Bekai leaves has best acceptance in the children's perception due to it has an unique smell, tasty and no colour changing compared with M.S.G. added and control. Thus bekai leaf can be used as an innovation for healthy food and new market opportunities for M.S.G. substitutes.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44185879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.71-82
Sylviani Sylviani, A. Suka, Surati Surati, D. Kurniasari
SOCIAL CAPITAL IN MANAGING COMMUNITY PLANTATION FOREST: A CASE STUDY AT KPH BOALEMO, GORONTALO PROVINCE. Community Plantation Forest (HTR) is one among alternatives expected to fulfil the needs of timber. Limited capital, which is simply known as financial capital, is considered as the main problem in HTR development. However, there is also other capital but less known and understood namely social capital. This study aims to determine the social capital that can be utilized in HTR management. The study was conducted in Rumbia Village, Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province. The data collected were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method in three steps: data reduction, data display and verification. In this study, the social capital is discussed in its dimensions of trust, norm, and network, which can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated action. Results of the study show that strengthening social capital in its dimension of trust, norm, and the network would encourage independence of both the farmers and forest farmer groups in HTR management. If the social capital does not work properly, the gap among farmers could occur and even becomes a barrier or limits in the involvement of members of the farmer group in the management of HTR. The farmers had a high trust for forestry extension workers. It became a dimension of social capital that should be developed further in HTR management to reach optimal benefits from HTR. Besides, the farmers also had high compliance to social norms of traditions, religion, and customary rules. The social capital held by the farmers should be appropriately addressed by the local and central government to develop successful HTR management.
{"title":"SOCIAL CAPITAL IN MANAGING COMMUNITY PLANTATION FOREST: A CASE STUDY AT KPH BOALEMO, GORONTALO PROVINCE","authors":"Sylviani Sylviani, A. Suka, Surati Surati, D. Kurniasari","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.71-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.71-82","url":null,"abstract":"SOCIAL CAPITAL IN MANAGING COMMUNITY PLANTATION FOREST: A CASE STUDY AT KPH BOALEMO, GORONTALO PROVINCE. Community Plantation Forest (HTR) is one among alternatives expected to fulfil the needs of timber. Limited capital, which is simply known as financial capital, is considered as the main problem in HTR development. However, there is also other capital but less known and understood namely social capital. This study aims to determine the social capital that can be utilized in HTR management. The study was conducted in Rumbia Village, Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province. The data collected were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method in three steps: data reduction, data display and verification. In this study, the social capital is discussed in its dimensions of trust, norm, and network, which can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated action. Results of the study show that strengthening social capital in its dimension of trust, norm, and the network would encourage independence of both the farmers and forest farmer groups in HTR management. If the social capital does not work properly, the gap among farmers could occur and even becomes a barrier or limits in the involvement of members of the farmer group in the management of HTR. The farmers had a high trust for forestry extension workers. It became a dimension of social capital that should be developed further in HTR management to reach optimal benefits from HTR. Besides, the farmers also had high compliance to social norms of traditions, religion, and customary rules. The social capital held by the farmers should be appropriately addressed by the local and central government to develop successful HTR management.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.59-70
W. Dwianto, R. Damayanti, T. Darmawan, Prabu S. Sejati, F. Akbar, D. S. Adi, A. Bahanawan, Y. Amin, D. Triwibowo
BENDING STRENGTH OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS IN SOFTENING CONDITION. Manually rattan and bamboo are more easily bent than wood. A further question, whether these are due to the softening behaviour of chemical components or their anatomical structures. This research is aiming to understand the softening behaviour and viscoelastic property of wood, rattan and bamboo as lignocellulosic materials. Nine years-old fast-growing teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.), rattan (Calamus sp.), and three-yearsold andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae (Steud.) Widjaja) were used for the experiments. Wood and rattan samples were taken from the bottom, middle and upper parts. Bamboo samples were cut from the 1st to 20th internodes. Static bending tests were carried out in fresh (green) as control samples, air-dried, and softened by microwave heating (MW) for 1 minute to determine the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The results showed that the MOR and MOE values of wood, rattan, and bamboo increased from fresh to air-dried condition, and decreased by MW. When compared at the same density, a drastic increase was observed for the normalized MOR value in air-dried rattan, i.e. 2.5 fold. However, the decreasing of all the normalized MOR values were almost the same, i.e. 0.5 fold when MW softened them. The improvement also appeared for the normalized MOE value in air-dried rattan, i.e. 3 fold and decreased to almost zero by MW. These results indicated that rattan was more easily bent, followed by bamboo and then wood. Hydrothermal properties of chemical components significantly affected the changes of strength (MOR) and elastic properties (MOE). However, the differences in bending strength of wood, rattan, and bamboo were more likely due to differences in their anatomical structures.
{"title":"BENDING STRENGTH OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS IN SOFTENING CONDITION","authors":"W. Dwianto, R. Damayanti, T. Darmawan, Prabu S. Sejati, F. Akbar, D. S. Adi, A. Bahanawan, Y. Amin, D. Triwibowo","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.59-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.59-70","url":null,"abstract":"BENDING STRENGTH OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS IN SOFTENING CONDITION. Manually rattan and bamboo are more easily bent than wood. A further question, whether these are due to the softening behaviour of chemical components or their anatomical structures. This research is aiming to understand the softening behaviour and viscoelastic property of wood, rattan and bamboo as lignocellulosic materials. Nine years-old fast-growing teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.), rattan (Calamus sp.), and three-yearsold andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae (Steud.) Widjaja) were used for the experiments. Wood and rattan samples were taken from the bottom, middle and upper parts. Bamboo samples were cut from the 1st to 20th internodes. Static bending tests were carried out in fresh (green) as control samples, air-dried, and softened by microwave heating (MW) for 1 minute to determine the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The results showed that the MOR and MOE values of wood, rattan, and bamboo increased from fresh to air-dried condition, and decreased by MW. When compared at the same density, a drastic increase was observed for the normalized MOR value in air-dried rattan, i.e. 2.5 fold. However, the decreasing of all the normalized MOR values were almost the same, i.e. 0.5 fold when MW softened them. The improvement also appeared for the normalized MOE value in air-dried rattan, i.e. 3 fold and decreased to almost zero by MW. These results indicated that rattan was more easily bent, followed by bamboo and then wood. Hydrothermal properties of chemical components significantly affected the changes of strength (MOR) and elastic properties (MOE). However, the differences in bending strength of wood, rattan, and bamboo were more likely due to differences in their anatomical structures.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44339410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.27-42
M. Wangkhem, M. Sharma, C. Sharma
COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF GENUS SYZYGIUM (FAMILY MYRTACEAE) FROM MANIPUR, INDIA. Syzygium belongs to family Myrtaceae and comprises of mostly trees and a few shrubs. This paper studies the anatomical and physical characteristics of five Syzygium species, namely Syzygium cumini, Syzygium fruticosum, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium nervosum and Syzygium praecox and to see intra and inter-species variation among them. The wood samples were taken at breast-height from straight bole and uniform crowned trees. The present study showed that all the selected species shared common features like simple perforation plate, vestured inter-vessel pits, disjunctive ray parenchyma cells, diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate, vasicentric, aliform and confluent types of axial parenchyma, diffuse-porous and indistinct fruticosum were observed. The vessels were mostly barrel-shaped with small or long tails at one or both ends in all species except tube-shaped in S. jambos and drum-shaped in S. fruticosum. Spiral thickenings were present in the tails of S. nervosum and S. fruticosum. Fibres were thin-walled and non-septate. Occasional septate fibres and vasicentric tracheids were present in S. nervosum and S. jambos. Crystals in the ray of S. nervosum and S. fruticosum and silica bodies in axial parenchyma of S. jambos were observed. The fibre percentage and wood density were maximum in S. jambos, whereas moisture content was minimum in S. jambos. Principal Component Analysis revealed a close relationship among all species. Therefore, the qualitative characteristics and all quantitative anatomical characteristics can be used for reliable identification of Syzygium species.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF GENUS SYZYGIUM (FAMILY MYRTACEAE) FROM MANIPUR, INDIA","authors":"M. Wangkhem, M. Sharma, C. Sharma","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.27-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.27-42","url":null,"abstract":"COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF GENUS SYZYGIUM (FAMILY MYRTACEAE) FROM MANIPUR, INDIA. Syzygium belongs to family Myrtaceae and comprises of mostly trees and a few shrubs. This paper studies the anatomical and physical characteristics of five Syzygium species, namely Syzygium cumini, Syzygium fruticosum, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium nervosum and Syzygium praecox and to see intra and inter-species variation among them. The wood samples were taken at breast-height from straight bole and uniform crowned trees. The present study showed that all the selected species shared common features like simple perforation plate, vestured inter-vessel pits, disjunctive ray parenchyma cells, diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate, vasicentric, aliform and confluent types of axial parenchyma, diffuse-porous and indistinct fruticosum were observed. The vessels were mostly barrel-shaped with small or long tails at one or both ends in all species except tube-shaped in S. jambos and drum-shaped in S. fruticosum. Spiral thickenings were present in the tails of S. nervosum and S. fruticosum. Fibres were thin-walled and non-septate. Occasional septate fibres and vasicentric tracheids were present in S. nervosum and S. jambos. Crystals in the ray of S. nervosum and S. fruticosum and silica bodies in axial parenchyma of S. jambos were observed. The fibre percentage and wood density were maximum in S. jambos, whereas moisture content was minimum in S. jambos. Principal Component Analysis revealed a close relationship among all species. Therefore, the qualitative characteristics and all quantitative anatomical characteristics can be used for reliable identification of Syzygium species.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41389937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.1-14
Muhammad Rizki Ramdhani, Acep Ruhimat, W. Wiyono, Ahmad D Barnes
IMAGING TROPICAL PEATLAND AND AQUIFER POTENTIAL IN SOUTH SUMATRA USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY. Indonesia has one of the largest tropical peatland areas in the world. In Sumatra Island, peatland spreads over 11 regions, and it is mainly found in Riau (60.1%) and South Sumatera (19.6%) Provinces. This study investigates the subsurface of tropical peatland in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. Data were recorded using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method based on the sub-surface images of tropical peatland. This study was conducted based on the dipole-dipole configuration with 72 channels spread. This paper also studies the physical properties (thickness and electrical resistivity) of peatland and its substrate using ERT. In this study, the ERT section and the geological map identified Alluvium (Qs), Kasai Formation, and the Basement. The result shows the ERT is applicable for imaging the thickness of tropical peatland and other geological features (Aquifer, geological structures, and stratigraphy). The electrical resistivity of peat varies from 20-ohm meter to 120ohm meter, and the thickness of peat varies from 2–5 meters. In some ERT sections, the basement was identified from 130 meters to 170 meters beneath the surface. The aquifer sweet spots were located from ERT Sections combined with the hydrogeological map. The aquifer was identified in Kasai Formation. The thickness of the aquifer layer is 2–20 meter. These physical properties may support peatland conservation (forest fire mitigation) and geotechnical analysis purposes.
{"title":"IMAGING TROPICAL PEATLAND AND AQUIFER POTENTIAL IN SOUTH SUMATERA USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY","authors":"Muhammad Rizki Ramdhani, Acep Ruhimat, W. Wiyono, Ahmad D Barnes","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.1-14","url":null,"abstract":"IMAGING TROPICAL PEATLAND AND AQUIFER POTENTIAL IN SOUTH SUMATRA USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY. Indonesia has one of the largest tropical peatland areas in the world. In Sumatra Island, peatland spreads over 11 regions, and it is mainly found in Riau (60.1%) and South Sumatera (19.6%) Provinces. This study investigates the subsurface of tropical peatland in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. Data were recorded using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method based on the sub-surface images of tropical peatland. This study was conducted based on the dipole-dipole configuration with 72 channels spread. This paper also studies the physical properties (thickness and electrical resistivity) of peatland and its substrate using ERT. In this study, the ERT section and the geological map identified Alluvium (Qs), Kasai Formation, and the Basement. The result shows the ERT is applicable for imaging the thickness of tropical peatland and other geological features (Aquifer, geological structures, and stratigraphy). The electrical resistivity of peat varies from 20-ohm meter to 120ohm meter, and the thickness of peat varies from 2–5 meters. In some ERT sections, the basement was identified from 130 meters to 170 meters beneath the surface. The aquifer sweet spots were located from ERT Sections combined with the hydrogeological map. The aquifer was identified in Kasai Formation. The thickness of the aquifer layer is 2–20 meter. These physical properties may support peatland conservation (forest fire mitigation) and geotechnical analysis purposes.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45662504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.15-25
H. Siahaan, A. Kunarso, A. Sumadi, P. Purwanto, T. Rusolono, T. Tiryana, H. Sumantri, Berthold Haasler
1Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Palembang Jl. Kol H. Burlian Km 6.5 Puntikayu Palembang, Indonesia 2Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 3Biodiversity and Climate Change Project (Bioclime) Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Manggala Wanabhakti Building, Block VII, 6th Floor, Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
1巨港环境与林业研究与发展研究所。Kol H.Burlian Km 6.5 Puntikayu Palembang，印度尼西亚2茂物农业大学林业学院。Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB，Dramaga，茂物，西爪哇，印度尼西亚3生物多样性和气候变化项目（生物石灰）Jl。印度尼西亚雅加达10270 Manggala Wanabhakti大厦六楼七座Jenderal Gatot Subroto
{"title":"CARBON LOSS AFFECTED BY FIRES ON VARIOUS FORESTS AND LAND TYPES IN SOUTH SUMATERA","authors":"H. Siahaan, A. Kunarso, A. Sumadi, P. Purwanto, T. Rusolono, T. Tiryana, H. Sumantri, Berthold Haasler","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.15-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.15-25","url":null,"abstract":"1Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Palembang Jl. Kol H. Burlian Km 6.5 Puntikayu Palembang, Indonesia 2Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 3Biodiversity and Climate Change Project (Bioclime) Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Manggala Wanabhakti Building, Block VII, 6th Floor, Jakarta 10270, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42075862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.43-57
K. Yuniarti, B. Ozarska, G. Brodie, G. Harris, G. Waugh
THE DRYING PERFORMANCE AND POST-DRYING QUALITIES OF Eucalyptus saligna EXPOSED TO INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS DRYING. Eucalyptus saligna tends to develop defects during its drying process, thus limiting its use as construction or furniture material. Intermittent drying, which applies non-heating phases between heating phases, has the potential to overcome this issue. This study evaluated the effects of 3 intermittent and one continuous schedule on the species’ drying performance and post-drying qualities. The results showed that the boards from all intermittent schedules exhibit significantly slower drying rates (from -9.4x10 -3 %/hour to -1.57 x10 -2 %/hour) than those from the continuous schedule (from -5.12 x10 -2 /hour to -1.03 x10 -2 %/hour). All intermittent schedules tended to decrease the collapse depth in E. saligna boards (the average value range of the three schedules was 1.162-2.032 mm) than the continuous schedule did (the average value was 5.12 mm). Nevertheless, applying higher temperature than that used in the continuous schedule, during the heating phase of the intermittent schedule, potentially increased the moisture gradient, residual drying stress, end check length, internal check percentage, and spring depth.
{"title":"THE DRYING PERFORMANCE AND POST-DRYING QUALITIES OF Eucalyptus saligna EXPOSED TO INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS DRYING","authors":"K. Yuniarti, B. Ozarska, G. Brodie, G. Harris, G. Waugh","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.43-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.43-57","url":null,"abstract":"THE DRYING PERFORMANCE AND POST-DRYING QUALITIES OF Eucalyptus saligna EXPOSED TO INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS DRYING. Eucalyptus saligna tends to develop defects during its drying process, thus limiting its use as construction or furniture material. Intermittent drying, which applies non-heating phases between heating phases, has the potential to overcome this issue. This study evaluated the effects of 3 intermittent and one continuous schedule on the species’ drying performance and post-drying qualities. The results showed that the boards from all intermittent schedules exhibit significantly slower drying rates (from -9.4x10 -3 %/hour to -1.57 x10 -2 %/hour) than those from the continuous schedule (from -5.12 x10 -2 /hour to -1.03 x10 -2 %/hour). All intermittent schedules tended to decrease the collapse depth in E. saligna boards (the average value range of the three schedules was 1.162-2.032 mm) than the continuous schedule did (the average value was 5.12 mm). Nevertheless, applying higher temperature than that used in the continuous schedule, during the heating phase of the intermittent schedule, potentially increased the moisture gradient, residual drying stress, end check length, internal check percentage, and spring depth.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42703213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.141-154
S. Lestari, B. Premono
Dragon’s blood is amongst non timber forest products in which its of supply depends on its natural availability and the demand of the commodity. This study discusses institutional market, value chains and marketing efficiency of dargon’s blood. Primary and secondary data were collected by interview based on snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Institutional economics approach was used to determine institutional marketing of dragon’s blood. Results show that the relations and behavior of marketing agents of dragon’s blood will form an institutional marketing with patron-client system, because of unbalanced position in terms of economy, accessibility and information. There were four marketing channels that exist in the research area. All of these marketing channels of dragon’s blood can be categorized as efficient marketing in which an average value of marketing efficiency were 17.86%. Channel 3 is the most efficient marketing channel with the smallest efficiency value of 12.86% and high farmer share (62.86%): penjernang – dragon’s blood traders at the village level – urban merchants in the district level – wholesalers at the province level – exporter. This result indicates that the most efficient marketing channel was the channel where the collectors sell dragon’s blood in the form of resin.
{"title":"INSTITUTIONAL AND MARKETING EFFICIENCIES OF DRAGON’S BLOOD MANAGEMENT IN BENGKULU PROVINCE, INDONESIA","authors":"S. Lestari, B. Premono","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.141-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.141-154","url":null,"abstract":"Dragon’s blood is amongst non timber forest products in which its of supply depends on its natural availability and the demand of the commodity. This study discusses institutional market, value chains and marketing efficiency of dargon’s blood. Primary and secondary data were collected by interview based on snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Institutional economics approach was used to determine institutional marketing of dragon’s blood. Results show that the relations and behavior of marketing agents of dragon’s blood will form an institutional marketing with patron-client system, because of unbalanced position in terms of economy, accessibility and information. There were four marketing channels that exist in the research area. All of these marketing channels of dragon’s blood can be categorized as efficient marketing in which an average value of marketing efficiency were 17.86%. Channel 3 is the most efficient marketing channel with the smallest efficiency value of 12.86% and high farmer share (62.86%): penjernang – dragon’s blood traders at the village level – urban merchants in the district level – wholesalers at the province level – exporter. This result indicates that the most efficient marketing channel was the channel where the collectors sell dragon’s blood in the form of resin.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46338843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.133-139
Gunjan Patil
Globally energy crisis is known as a new era’s biggest problem. The use of agricultural wastes into the form of briquettes are the best alternative option of renewable energy sources. This paper studies the possibility of utilizing agricultural wastes into briquetting production with high calorific value. Major wastes were sugarcane bagasse, coffee husk, wheat straw, peanut shells, rice husks, paddy straw, corn stalks, sunflower stalk, soybean husk, coir pitch, jute sticks, caster seed shells, mustard stalks, cotton stalks and tobacco wastes for energy in the form of briquettes biomass. Observations were taken from Department of Bioenergy, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India of different raw materials and briquettes of those raw materials. Results show that there were very satisfactory results after evaluation. In general, calorific value briquettes is higher than those of raw materials. Raw materials of agricultural wastes and forest residual wastes ranged from 1,200-3,000 Kcal/Kg and its calorific values are significantly higher in briquettes than raw materials. Raw material of rice husk produces 3,000 Kcal/kg and briquettes of rice husk produces 3200 Kcal/kg. Likewise differences were observed in all types of agricultural wastes. The input and output ratio ware observed as cost-effective and profitable in all parameters for the farmers. Briquetting production is the emerging, ecofriendly, cost effective and profitable technology for the use of agricultural residues. It may help farmers to improve its socio-economic status and proper reuses of agricultural wastes.
{"title":"THE POSSIBILITY STUDY OF BRIQUETTING AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY","authors":"Gunjan Patil","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.133-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.133-139","url":null,"abstract":"Globally energy crisis is known as a new era’s biggest problem. The use of agricultural wastes into the form of briquettes are the best alternative option of renewable energy sources. This paper studies the possibility of utilizing agricultural wastes into briquetting production with high calorific value. Major wastes were sugarcane bagasse, coffee husk, wheat straw, peanut shells, rice husks, paddy straw, corn stalks, sunflower stalk, soybean husk, coir pitch, jute sticks, caster seed shells, mustard stalks, cotton stalks and tobacco wastes for energy in the form of briquettes biomass. Observations were taken from Department of Bioenergy, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India of different raw materials and briquettes of those raw materials. Results show that there were very satisfactory results after evaluation. In general, calorific value briquettes is higher than those of raw materials. Raw materials of agricultural wastes and forest residual wastes ranged from 1,200-3,000 Kcal/Kg and its calorific values are significantly higher in briquettes than raw materials. Raw material of rice husk produces 3,000 Kcal/kg and briquettes of rice husk produces 3200 Kcal/kg. Likewise differences were observed in all types of agricultural wastes. The input and output ratio ware observed as cost-effective and profitable in all parameters for the farmers. Briquetting production is the emerging, ecofriendly, cost effective and profitable technology for the use of agricultural residues. It may help farmers to improve its socio-economic status and proper reuses of agricultural wastes.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.117-132
T. Herawati, E. Mwangi, N. Liswanti
Forest Tenure Reform implementation involves diverse actors with multiple roles and interests, including government officials. Few studies have attempted to systematically document the conditions facing government agency implementers in their efforts to implement forest tenure reform. This study attempts to identifies factors that enhance or constrain reform implementation from the perspective of individual implementers at national and sub-national levels in Indonesia. The study was conducted through analysing data that resulted from bureaucrat’s interview who purposively selected at Central and Local Government. Most interviewees indicate that forest tenure reforms have three interrelated objectives: to conserve forests and restore degraded forests, to improve community livelihoods and ensure benefits are equitably distributed; and to secure the rights of local, forest-adjacent or forest-dwelling communities. Reform implementation has been effective or somewhat effective in protecting community rights to access, use, manage and benefit from forests. Close to half of the respondents indicated that their activities gave special consideration to low income groups but few paid special attentions to women and women’s rights. Main constraints to implementation are inadequate budgets and insufficient manpower to execute tenure-related activities. Divergent priorities between national and sub-national/local levels and changes in government that redistribute personnel are additional factors that hinder reform implementation. Overall, respondents agree that reforms are only partially implemented due to technical and institutions constraints, which in turn influence the extent to which collaboration/coordination among actors can be achieved and the extent to which community tenure needs such as conflict management and resolution can be addressed.
{"title":"IMPLEMENTING FOREST TENURE REFORMS: PERSPECTIVES FROM INDONESIA’S FORESTRY AGENCIES","authors":"T. Herawati, E. Mwangi, N. Liswanti","doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.117-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2019.6.2.117-132","url":null,"abstract":"Forest Tenure Reform implementation involves diverse actors with multiple roles and interests, including government officials. Few studies have attempted to systematically document the conditions facing government agency implementers in their efforts to implement forest tenure reform. This study attempts to identifies factors that enhance or constrain reform implementation from the perspective of individual implementers at national and sub-national levels in Indonesia. The study was conducted through analysing data that resulted from bureaucrat’s interview who purposively selected at Central and Local Government. Most interviewees indicate that forest tenure reforms have three interrelated objectives: to conserve forests and restore degraded forests, to improve community livelihoods and ensure benefits are equitably distributed; and to secure the rights of local, forest-adjacent or forest-dwelling communities. Reform implementation has been effective or somewhat effective in protecting community rights to access, use, manage and benefit from forests. Close to half of the respondents indicated that their activities gave special consideration to low income groups but few paid special attentions to women and women’s rights. Main constraints to implementation are inadequate budgets and insufficient manpower to execute tenure-related activities. Divergent priorities between national and sub-national/local levels and changes in government that redistribute personnel are additional factors that hinder reform implementation. Overall, respondents agree that reforms are only partially implemented due to technical and institutions constraints, which in turn influence the extent to which collaboration/coordination among actors can be achieved and the extent to which community tenure needs such as conflict management and resolution can be addressed.","PeriodicalId":13482,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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