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Computation of Zernike moments in improved polar configuration 改进极位的Zernike矩计算
Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2008.0142
C. Singh, Ekta Walia
A polar system is used to compute Zernike moments to enhance their accuracy and to improve invariance to rotation. This requires reconfiguration of pixel arrangements that are normally available in rectangular grids in the cartesian coordinate system. This study presents an improved reconfiguration model of pixel arrangements that uses nearly 27.3% less number of pixels compared to the existing model, thus enhancing the computational efficiency of the proposed method by the same percentage. The performance of the proposed model is analysed in detail, which is observed to be at par with the existing method.
利用极坐标系统计算泽尼克矩,提高了泽尼克矩的精度和对旋转的不变性。这需要重新配置通常在直角坐标系中的矩形网格中可用的像素排列。本研究提出了一种改进的像素排列重构模型,与现有模型相比,该模型使用的像素数量减少了近27.3%,从而将所提方法的计算效率提高了相同百分比。对该模型的性能进行了详细分析,结果表明,该模型的性能与现有方法相当。
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引用次数: 23
Robust and transparent watermarking scheme for colour images 鲁棒和透明的彩色图像水印方案
Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2008.0068
K. Liu, Chun-Hsien Chou
In this study, a robust and transparent watermarking scheme for colour images is proposed. The colour features for the human visual system are utilised to design the colour watermarking scheme. Through the exploitation of the perceptual redundancy of colour images, the proposed watermarking scheme is perceptually tuned to embed and detect the watermark in the perceptually significant sub-bands of luminance and chrominance components of colour images in the wavelet domain. The employment of the uniformity in the uniform colour space and the masking effect mainly due to local variations in luminance magnitude leads to that the perceptual redundancy of colour images can be measured. By using the estimated perceptual redundancy in the form of error visibility thresholds of wavelet coefficients of the colour image, high strength watermarks are invisibly embedded into coefficients of the host colour image for resisting compression and malicious attacks. Simulation results show that the estimation of perceptual redundancy is helpful to the design of the watermarking scheme for colour images. The performance in terms of robustness and transparency of the proposed watermarking scheme is superior to that of the existing scheme.
在本研究中,提出了一种鲁棒透明彩色图像水印方案。利用人眼视觉系统的颜色特征来设计彩色水印方案。利用彩色图像的感知冗余性,在彩色图像的亮度和色度分量在小波域的感知显著子带中嵌入和检测水印。利用均匀色彩空间的均匀性和主要由亮度大小局部变化引起的掩蔽效应,可以测量彩色图像的感知冗余。利用彩色图像小波系数误差可见性阈值形式估计的感知冗余,将高强度水印无形地嵌入到主彩色图像的系数中,以抵抗压缩和恶意攻击。仿真结果表明,感知冗余估计有助于彩色图像水印方案的设计。该方案在鲁棒性和透明性方面均优于现有方案。
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引用次数: 18
Fast video shot boundary detection framework employing pre-processing techniques 采用预处理技术的快速视频镜头边界检测框架
Pub Date : 2009-06-10 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2007.0193
Yuenan Li, Zhang Lu, X.-M. Niu
Video shot boundary detection is the initial and fundamental step towards video indexing, browsing and retrieval. Great efforts have been paid on developing accurate shot boundary detection algorithms. However, the high computational cost in shot detection becomes a bottleneck for real-time applications. The problem of making a balance between detection accuracy and speed is addressed in this paper, and a novel fast detection framework is presented. The general framework that employs pre-processing techniques can improve both detection speed and precision. In the pre-processing stage, adaptive local thresholding is adopted to classify non-boundary segments and candidate segments that may contain shot boundaries. The candidate segments are refined using bisection-based comparisons to eliminate non-boundary frames. Only refined candidate segments are preserved for further detections; hence, the speed of shot detection is improved by reducing detection scope. Moreover, prior knowledge about each possible shot boundary such as its type and duration can be obtained in the pre-processing stage, which can accelerate the consequent hard cut and gradual transition detections. Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework is effective in accelerating the shot detection process, and it can also achieve excellent detection accuracies.
视频镜头边界检测是实现视频索引、浏览和检索的初始和基础步骤。人们在开发精确的镜头边界检测算法方面付出了巨大的努力。然而,镜头检测的高计算成本成为实时应用的瓶颈。本文解决了检测精度和速度之间的平衡问题,提出了一种新的快速检测框架。采用预处理技术的总体框架可以提高检测速度和精度。在预处理阶段,采用自适应局部阈值分割对非边界段和可能包含镜头边界的候选段进行分类。候选片段使用基于平分的比较进行细化,以消除非边界帧。仅保留精炼的候选片段以供进一步检测;因此,通过缩小检测范围来提高镜头检测的速度。此外,在预处理阶段,可以获得每个可能的镜头边界的类型和持续时间等先验知识,从而加快随后的硬切割和渐变检测。实验结果表明,该框架能有效地加快镜头检测过程,并能达到较高的检测精度。
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引用次数: 69
Spectral sensitivity design for maximum colour separation in artificial colour systems 在人工色彩系统中最大分色的光谱灵敏度设计
Pub Date : 2009-06-10 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2009.0023
K. Heidary, H. Caulfield
Engineers have utilised spectral information and have steadily improved its applications in imaging systems for more than a century. The course of technological developments in colour imaging has been dictated by system improvements measured by their efficacy for direct human consumption. It seems reasonable to us to try to emulate nature and boost capabilities of machine vision systems by optimising the way in which they exploit spectral information. This is a two-step process: first step involves using a few spectrally broad detectors to compress the information content of the scene and the second step constructs spectral discriminants for image segmentation based on a small number of spectrally generated features assigned to each pixel. In animals the discriminant value is attributed to the object as what is called colour. Previous papers have concentrated on the final segmentation step. Here we show a straightforward way to design application-specific spectral sensitivity functions to improve image segmentation. The resulting functions can be used for reliable recognition of objects in a hyperspectral image in real time. These functions can also be used to design task-specific specialised cameras that can outperform current hyperspectral systems in terms of sensitivity, size, power consumption, robustness, price and complexity.
一个多世纪以来,工程师们一直在利用光谱信息,并稳步改进其在成像系统中的应用。彩色成像技术的发展过程是由系统的改进所决定的,以它们对人类直接消费的功效来衡量。对我们来说,通过优化机器视觉系统利用光谱信息的方式,试图模仿自然并提高机器视觉系统的能力似乎是合理的。这是一个两步的过程:第一步是使用几个光谱宽检测器来压缩场景的信息内容,第二步是基于分配给每个像素的少量光谱生成特征构建光谱判别器进行图像分割。在动物中,区别价值被赋予物体,即所谓的颜色。以前的论文集中在最后的分割步骤。在这里,我们展示了一种直接的方法来设计特定应用的光谱灵敏度函数,以改善图像分割。所得到的函数可用于实时可靠地识别高光谱图像中的目标。这些功能还可以用于设计特定任务的专用相机,这些相机可以在灵敏度、尺寸、功耗、稳健性、价格和复杂性方面优于当前的高光谱系统。
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引用次数: 1
Comments on 'new family of lapped biorthogonal transform via lifting steps' 关于“提升阶叠双正交变换新族”的评析
Pub Date : 2009-06-10 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2008.0173
W. Li, X. Wu
An unaddressed problem with Cheng's design is pointed out from the filter viewpoint: the first few basis functions do not decay smoothly to zero at the end, which may increase blocking artefacts, especially at low bit rates.
从滤波器的角度指出了Cheng设计中一个未解决的问题:前几个基函数在最后不会平滑地衰减到零,这可能会增加阻塞伪像,特别是在低比特率下。
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引用次数: 0
Image denoising using 2-D separable oversampled DFT modulated filter banks 二维可分离过采样DFT调制滤波器组图像去噪
Pub Date : 2009-06-10 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2007.0218
P. Shui
The direction-frequency selectivity of two-dimensional (2-D) separable oversampled discrete Fourier transform (DFT) modulated filter banks, showing that such 2-D filter banks can provide fine frequency tiling and efficient image representations with direction-frequency selectivity, is analysed. Moreover, the doubly local Wiener filtering is extended to the case using two 2-D separable oversampled DFT modulated filter banks, where the empirical subband energy distributions of the image are estimated by the two sets of directional windows matching the direction-frequency selectivity of the subband filters. The proposed algorithm is of low computational complexity and exhibits a great capability to preserve inhomogeneous textures, owing to the fact that 2-D separable DFT modulated bases are suited to represent oscillating patterns in images. The experimental results show that the proposed denoising algorithm is competitive with the existing algorithms with comparable computational complexity. Particularly, for images with abundant inhomogenous texture, it gives larger output peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNRs) and achieves better visual effect in texture regions of images.
分析了二维可分离过采样离散傅立叶变换(DFT)调制滤波器组的方向-频率选择性,表明这种二维滤波器组可以提供良好的频率拼接和有效的图像表示,具有方向-频率选择性。此外,将双局部维纳滤波扩展到使用两个二维可分离过采样DFT调制滤波器组的情况,其中通过匹配子带滤波器的方向频率选择性的两组方向窗口估计图像的经验子带能量分布。由于二维可分离DFT调制基适合表示图像中的振荡模式,该算法具有较低的计算复杂度和较好的非均匀纹理保存能力。实验结果表明,在计算复杂度相当的情况下,本文提出的去噪算法与现有的去噪算法具有一定的竞争力。特别是对于具有丰富非均匀纹理的图像,其输出峰值信噪比(PSNRs)更大,在图像的纹理区域具有更好的视觉效果。
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引用次数: 22
Spatially adaptive thresholding in wavelet domain for despeckling of ultrasound images 超声图像去斑的小波域空间自适应阈值分割
Pub Date : 2009-06-10 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2007.0096
M. Bhuiyan, M. Swamy, M. Ahmad
Ultrasound imaging is widely used for diagnostic purposes among the clinicians. A major problem concerning the ultrasound images is their inherent corruption by the multiplicative speckle noise that hampers the quality of the diagnosis, and reduces the efficiency of the algorithms for automatic image processing. In this paper, we propose a new spatially adaptive wavelet-based method in order to reduce the speckle noise from ultrasound images. A spatially adaptive threshold is introduced for denoising the coefficients of log-transformed ultrasound images. The threshold is obtained from a Bayesian maximum a posteriori estimator that is developed using a symmetric normal inverse Gaussian probability density function (PDF) as a prior for modelling the coefficients of the log-transformed reflectivity. A simple and fast method is provided to estimate the parameters of the prior PDF from the neighbouring coefficients. Extensive simulations are carried out using synthetically speckled and ultrasound images. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms several existing techniques in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio, edge preservation index and structural similarity index and visual quality, and in addition, is able to maintain the diagnostically significant details of ultrasound images.
超声成像在临床医生中被广泛用于诊断目的。超声图像的一个主要问题是其固有的乘性散斑噪声破坏了诊断质量,降低了自动图像处理算法的效率。本文提出了一种新的基于空间自适应小波的方法来降低超声图像中的斑点噪声。引入一种空间自适应阈值对对数变换后的超声图像系数进行去噪。阈值由贝叶斯最大值后验估计获得,该后验估计使用对称正态反高斯概率密度函数(PDF)作为对对数变换反射率系数建模的先验估计。给出了一种简单、快速的方法,可以从相邻系数中估计出先验PDF的参数。利用合成斑点图像和超声图像进行了广泛的模拟。结果表明,该方法在信噪比、边缘保持指数、结构相似度指数和视觉质量等方面均优于现有的几种方法,并且能够保持超声图像诊断的重要细节。
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引用次数: 80
Image colourisation using graph-based semi-supervised learning 使用基于图的半监督学习的图像着色
Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2008.0112
Beibei Liu, Z.-M. Lu
A novel colourisation algorithm using graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) is presented. We show that the assumption of the colourisation problem is consistent with the fundamental of graph-based SSL methods. Satisfactory results are obtained in the experiments that validate the proposed algorithm. To reduce the time and memory requirements when dealing with large scale images, we further propose a two-stage speedup approach. Comparative results show that the computation complexity is dramatically reduced.
提出了一种基于图的半监督学习(SSL)的着色算法。我们表明,着色问题的假设与基于图形的SSL方法的基本原理是一致的。实验验证了该算法的有效性,取得了满意的结果。为了减少处理大规模图像时对时间和内存的需求,我们进一步提出了一种两阶段加速方法。对比结果表明,该方法大大降低了计算复杂度。
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引用次数: 20
Multi-component image segmentation using a hybrid dynamic genetic algorithm and fuzzy C-means 基于混合动态遗传算法和模糊c均值的多分量图像分割
Pub Date : 2009-03-21 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2007.0213
M. Awad, K. Chehdi, A. Nasri
Image segmentation is an important task in image analysis and processing. Many of the existing methods for segmenting a multi-component image (satellite or aerial) are very slow and require a priori knowledge of the image that could be difficult to obtain. Furthermore, the success of each of these methods depends on several factors, such as the characteristics of the acquired image, resolution limitations, intensity in-homogeneities and the percentage of imperfections induced by the process of image acquisition. Recently, fuzzy C-means (FCM) and Genetic Algorithms were separately used in segmenting multi-component images but neither of them had successfully addressed the above concerns. GA was enhanced using Hill-climbing, randomising, and modified mutation operators, leading to what is called hybrid dynamic genetic algorithm (HDGA). Coupling HDGA and FCM creates an unsupervised segmentation method which could successfully segment two types of multi-component images (Landsat ETM+, and IKONOS II). Comparison with the four different methods FCM, hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA), self-organizing-maps (SOM), and the combination of SOM and HGA (SOM-HGA) reveals that FCM-HDGA segmentation method gives robust and reliable results, and is more time efficient.
图像分割是图像分析与处理中的一项重要任务。许多现有的分割多分量图像(卫星或航空)的方法非常缓慢,并且需要对图像的先验知识,这可能很难获得。此外,每种方法的成功取决于几个因素,如获取图像的特征、分辨率限制、强度非均匀性和图像获取过程引起的缺陷百分比。近年来,模糊c均值(FCM)和遗传算法分别用于多分量图像的分割,但都没有成功地解决上述问题。利用爬坡、随机化和修改突变算子增强遗传算法,形成所谓的混合动态遗传算法(HDGA)。将HDGA与FCM相结合,实现了对Landsat ETM+和IKONOS II两种多组分图像的无监督分割,并与FCM、混合遗传算法(HGA)、自组织映射(SOM)和SOM与HGA相结合(SOM-HGA)四种方法进行了比较,结果表明FCM-HDGA分割结果鲁棒可靠,且具有更高的时间效率。
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引用次数: 51
An effective calibration procedure for correction of parallax unmatched image pairs 一个有效的校正程序的视差不匹配的图像对
Pub Date : 2009-03-21 DOI: 10.1049/IET-IPR.2008.0046
H.-M. Wang, C.-W. Chang, J.-F. Yang
The stereo image pairs or two-view video sequences can be captured by two cameras at two horizontally different positions. If the stereo image pairs possess incompatible convergences of vertical parallax and horizontal parallax, human eyes generally cannot properly exhibit stereo visualisation. If the image pairs are taken from single camera or selected from a video sequence, perception of stereo visualisation will become even worse. The authors propose an effective calibration procedure to adjust the image pairs to achieve better stereo visualisation. The proposed calibration procedure contains six steps, including feature point extraction, bidirectional feature point matching, relative distance checking, image transformation, hole-filling and reshaping. Experimental results show that the proposed system can effectively adjust vertical and horizontal parallax such that the calibrated stereo image pairs can properly exhibit stereo scenes in stereoscopic display systems. Experimental results also reveal that the proposed method can achieve less vertical parallax than the existing rectification methods.
立体图像对或双视图视频序列可以由两台摄像机在两个水平位置捕获。如果立体图像对具有不相容的垂直视差和水平视差收敛,人眼一般不能正常显示立体视觉。如果图像对是从单个摄像机拍摄或从视频序列中选择,则立体视觉的感知将变得更差。作者提出了一种有效的校准程序来调整图像对以获得更好的立体视觉效果。该标定过程包括特征点提取、双向特征点匹配、相对距离检查、图像变换、补孔和整形6个步骤。实验结果表明,该系统能够有效地调节垂直视差和水平视差,使标定后的立体图像对能够在立体显示系统中较好地显示立体场景。实验结果还表明,与现有的校正方法相比,该方法可以获得更小的垂直视差。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
IET Image Process.
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