Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology最新文献

Introduction: miR-125a-3p could have a role in gastric cancer by targeting HER2. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of miR-125a-3p, identify the expression level of its target gene in gastric carcinoma, and test its effect in HER-2 positive gastric carcinoma cells.

Materials and methods: The levels of miR-125a-3p in both cancer and noncancer tissues were measured by using Quantitative real-time polymerase chain in 70 gastric carcinomas. Immunohistochemical study was used to measure the expression of HER2 protein in these carcinomas. In addition, the level of expression of this miRNA is correlated to different pathological and clinical parameters. The effects of miR-125a-3p alone and in combination with 5-FU (fluorouracil) on the growth of HER2 positive (NUGC4) and HER2 negative (ECC10) gastric carcinoma cells were also analyzed by in vitro studies.

Results: Most gastric cancer tissues samples showed downregulation of miR-125a-3p (84%) when compared to their noncancer tissues. Significant correlations of downregulation of miR-125a-3p with cancer recurrence and pathological staging of gastric carcinoma (P = 0. 02 and 0.02, respectively) were noted. HER2 protein expression correlated significantly and inversely with miR-125a-3p expression (P < 0.05). A reduction in cell growth rate was noted significantly in miR-125a-3p transfected gastric carcinoma cells when 5-FU was added to them in comparison to other control cells (P < 0.01). When both gastric carcinoma cell lines were transfected with miR-125a-3p, a significantly higher growth inhibition percentage in HER2 positive (NUGC4) cell line was seen in comparison to the HER2 negative (ECC10) cells (P < 0.01).

Conclusion: miR-125a-3p plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. Therapeutic transfection of miR-125a-3p in HER2 positive gastric cancer cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation and potentiate the effect of 5-FU.

Background: Galectin-3 has an important role in metastasis, therefore, Galectin-3-focused therapies have attracted attention for various cancers.

Aim: We aimed to reveal the relationship between the expression of Galectin-3 within the tumor/cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and clinicopathological parameters in patients with invasive ductal carcinomas.

Materials and methods: Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of breast excision materials diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 were re-examined retrospectively. Accordingly, 118 cases (luminal group = 58, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) group = 27, and triple-negative breast carcinoma group [TNBC] =33 cases) were included. Galectin-3 levels were evaluated with a calculated H-score in tumor and semiquantitatively in CAFs.

Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed with t-tests and Chi-square tests. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests were used for survival analysis.

Results: The presence of Galectin-3 expression in CAFs but not in the tumor was associated with the greater number of axillary metastatic nodes and advanced pN stage. The loss of Galectin-3 expression in CAFs was more frequent in TNBC. There was no significant relationship between the expression level of Galectin-3 and survival status. However, in most of the cases with distant metastasis or patients who died, Galectin-3 was negative in the tumor, whereas it was positive in CAFs.

Conclusions: The expression of Galectin-3 in tumors and CAFs may have a role in metastasis to axillary lymph nodes and distant sites. In terms of molecular subtype, TNBCs show a relationship with Galectin-3 negativity in CAFs.

Neoplastic lipomatous lesions of the salivary glands constitute ≤0.5% of all the salivary gland tumors. Oncocytic sialolipoma of the parotid glands is extremely uncommon. We report a case of oncocytic sialolipoma of the parotid gland in a 59-year-old male who presented with a gradually increasing swelling of the right parotid. Excisional parotid biopsy performed in view of possible pleomorphic adenoma as suggested on ultrasonography showed histological features consistent with oncocytic sialolipoma. We also described the characteristics of 24 previously reported cases of oncocytic sialolipoma of the parotid gland. The median age of the patients including the present case was 56 years (range 7-89), and 14 were male. The largest and the least reported sizes of the tumor were 7.0 and 1.4 cm, respectively. The left-sided parotid gland was more commonly involved (14/23). Despite its rarity, oncocytic sialolipoma should be considered in lipomatous parotid lesions showing epithelial components with oncocytic changes.

Secondary amyloidosis is a well-established entity and has been described in association with chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, etc., It has also been reported in association with neoplasms such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, renal cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma, etc. However, only a few case reports documenting the association of amyloidosis with gastrointestinal tumor (GIST) and gastric adenocarcinoma are available in the literature. Hereby, we report a case of a 74-year-old male who presented with colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. Ultrasonography revealed a common bile duct (CBD) stone and a small extra-luminal gastric mass. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed to remove the CBD stone which revealed an incidental finding of gastric ulcer. A biopsy was taken from the gastric ulcer which on histopathological examination was confirmed as adenocarcinoma leading onto total gastrectomy. During total gastrectomy, an inadvertent injury to the spleen led to simultaneous splenectomy. Multiple samples from the gastric ulcer, the extra-luminal gastric mass, and the spleen were subjected to histopathological examination. Gastric ulcer was confirmed as adenocarcinoma, gastric extra-luminal mass was confirmed as GIST, and splenic examination revealed widespread deposition of amyloid which on Congo-red stain imparted an apple-green birefringence on polarizing microscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever case of such an association where gastric adenocarcinoma occurred with concomitant gastric GIST and secondary amyloidosis of the spleen.

A middle-aged woman presented with a slowly enlarging mass in the right superotemporal orbit and ptosis. The patient had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and incisional biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation with Langhan's giant cells suggestive of a tubercular etiology. Tuberculin skin test was negative. The patient responded well to anti-tuberculous therapy. Tubercular dacryoadenitis is a rare presentation of a lacrimal gland mass.

Pancreatic tuberculosis is a rare form of Tuberculosis (TB) which requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose. Here, we report a case of middle-aged gentleman presenting with abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms who was diagnosed with pancreatic tuberculosis on imaging, which was confirmed by Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) from the lesion. The patient was given Anti-Tubercular Treatment (ATT) as per conventional protocol. Follow-up showed recovery from the entity. A review of patient presentation, patho-physiology, diagnosis, and management of pancreatic tuberculosis is mentioned in this article.

Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) is a rare primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, included in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification. Very few cases have been described in the literature so far, especially the infantile type. It is a mesenchymal tumor of the fibroblastic type, characterized by the fusion of NAB 2 and STAT 6 genes. A 10-month-old boy presented to our neurosurgery department with complaints of increasing head circumference since 1 month of age. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a space-occupying lesion measuring 8.2 cm × 7 cm × 6.9 cm in the fronto-temporo-parietal region with a clinical diagnosis of glioma/atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). The microscopy revealed a spindle cell tumor arranged in a patternless pattern with variable cellularity, increased mitosis, and areas of coagulative necrosis. The immunohistochemistry showed vimentin, CD 34, STAT6, CD99 positivity whereas Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Epithelial membrane antigen, and S-100 negativity. Hence, a diagnosis of anaplastic SFT/HPC (grade-III) was rendered. The patient improved after gross total resection (GTR). The primary intracranial congenital SFT/HPC are extremely rare, often a clinico-radiologically misdiagnosed entity. Thus, the immunohistochemistry/molecular study in addition to histology is mandatory for accurate diagnosis.

Context: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprises more than 90% of oral cancers and is the most common carcinoma affecting the oral cavity. Early stage T1/T2 OSCC have a heterogeneous prognosis and a significant number of patients develop loco regional recurrence (LRR) and have reduced disease free survival (DFS) with increased disease related mortality.

Aims and objectives: To assess the impact of the three parameters used in Brandwein-Gensler risk model along with lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), depth of invasion (DOI) and lymph node metastases in predicting LRR in early stage OSCC.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study on early stage T1/2 OSCC patients over a period of 2 years who received treatment by surgical resection and had follow-up data. LRR was assessed based on recurrence of OSCC at the initial site or in regional lymph nodes.

Results: Out of 1135 OSCC cases during our study period a total of 207 cases befitted our inclusion criteria. Recurrence was noted in 113 (54.6%) cases. Univariate analysis identified LVI (P < 0.00001), DOI (P < 0.00001), nodal involvement (P < 0.00001), worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) (P < 0.00001), lymphocytic host response (LHR) (P = 0.004), perineural invasion (PNI) (P = 0.012) as strong statistically significant risk factors for LRR.

Conclusion: Adequate assessment of simple parameters on routine H and E by incorporating Brandwein-Gensler histological risk scoring model at the initial presentation can help prognosticate and predict LRR and select patients for post-surgical adjuvant therapy.

Aim: This study aims to investigate potential associations between the stem cell population and the degree of tumor regression in breast carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant therapy.

Settings and design: The study included 92 patients with breast carcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy. Tumor regression was defined based on Miller and Payne grading system. Patients with grade 1 or 2 regression on a 5-point scale were included in group 1 (n = 37), grade 3 regression in group 2 (n = 32), and grade 4 or 5 regression in group 3 (n = 23).

Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin block sections of every case using CD44, CD24, CD29, CD133, ID4, and ALDH1 antibodies to detect stem cells.

Statistical analysis used: IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software was used for statistical analyses, and a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Histologically high-grade tumors are more common in the near-complete/complete response group (P = 0.004). HER2-positive tumors were more common in the complete/near-complete response group (P = 0.054). Tumor cells positive for stem cell markers CD44 and CD24 were more common in the poor response group (P = 0.027 and P = 0.001, respectively). CD29 expression was reduced in the posttreatment residual tumor tissue in the near-complete/complete response group.

Conclusion: High CD44 and CD24 expression may be a predictor of poor response/nonresponse to neoadjuvant therapy in breast carcinomas.

Background: In recent years, stem cells have been defined as the main cell population responsible for resistance to anticancer therapies.

Context: Despite the follow-up protocols developed in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, progression and recurrence could not be prevented.

Aims: We aimed to investigate whether proteins such as OCT-4, CD47, p53, Ki-67, and Survivin, which increase in bladder cancer cells, can be used as prognostic markers for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Settings and design: The study included a total of 89 patients with newly diagnosed non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer between January 2015 and December 2020.

Materials and methods: Levels of OCT-4, CD47, p53, Kİ-67, and Survivin proteins in cancer cells were determined with a semi-quantitative immunohistochemical experiment. Pathological data and survival rates were compared according to the staining rates.

Statistical analysis used: Data obtained in the study were analyzed statistically with SPSS 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).

Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.25 ± 9.91 years, and the median follow-up period was 55 months. Recurrence rate was determined to be 36% (n = 32), and the rate of progression at 40.4% (n = 36). The staining rates were stronger for each marker in the progression group and advanced-stage tumors (p < 0.001). The findings of the multivariate analysis carried out as part of the study showed that older age and higher tumor stage were independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.048 and 7.074, respectively; P = 0.02). Also, higher tumor stages, diameters, and grades were associated with reduced progression-free survival (HR = 0.105, 0.395, 0.225, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Although immunohistochemical staining rates are promising, it is more appropriate to use tumor characteristics when assessing survival rate in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.