Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00011.6
M. Saravanakumar
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of peri-natal supplementation of amino acids in broiler chicken. Three hundred and eighty Cobb broiler eggs set for incubation, were divided into un-supplemented and in ovo supplemented (lysine, methionine, arginine, threonine, and glutamine at 2.2, 1, 2.5, 1.6 and 2.5 mg/egg) groups on 18 days of incubation. Following hatching, un-supplemented group was again sub-divided into un-supplemented (control) and post-hatch supplemented group. The post hatch supplemented diet consisted of 25 % extra amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, arginine, glutamine) than that in starter diet for first 3 days. Results indicated poor hatchability of fertile eggs on in ovo supplementation. The body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. At first week of age, longer (P 0.05) by in ovo and post-hatch supplementation of amino acids. It could be concluded that in ovo supplementation of (lysine, methionine, arginine, threonine, and glutamine at 2.2, 1, 2.5, 1.6 and 2.5 mg/egg) or post-hatch supplementation of 25 % extra amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, arginine, glutamine) did not influence the growth performances of broiler chicken. However, humoral immune response was better on in ovo and post-hatch supplementation.
{"title":"Effect of peri-natal supplementation of amino acids on post-hatch performance of broiler chicken","authors":"M. Saravanakumar","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00011.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00011.6","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of peri-natal supplementation of amino acids in broiler chicken. Three hundred and eighty Cobb broiler eggs set for incubation, were divided into un-supplemented and in ovo supplemented (lysine, methionine, arginine, threonine, and glutamine at 2.2, 1, 2.5, 1.6 and 2.5 mg/egg) groups on 18 days of incubation. Following hatching, un-supplemented group was again sub-divided into un-supplemented (control) and post-hatch supplemented group. The post hatch supplemented diet consisted of 25 % extra amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, arginine, glutamine) than that in starter diet for first 3 days. Results indicated poor hatchability of fertile eggs on in ovo supplementation. The body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. At first week of age, longer (P 0.05) by in ovo and post-hatch supplementation of amino acids. It could be concluded that in ovo supplementation of (lysine, methionine, arginine, threonine, and glutamine at 2.2, 1, 2.5, 1.6 and 2.5 mg/egg) or post-hatch supplementation of 25 % extra amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, arginine, glutamine) did not influence the growth performances of broiler chicken. However, humoral immune response was better on in ovo and post-hatch supplementation.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81669446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00012.8
Matilda E. Weniafere, Ada Yaabari Nkpegamee, Ruth Ofongo, E. Ohimain
Due to the problem of antibiotic resistance, the use of synthetic antibiotics has been restricted in animal farming, which has spurred research into the development of alternatives. This study was designed to assess the in vitro antibiotic activity of the water and ethanolic extract of bitter leaf against Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Staphylococcus sp, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results obtained showed that none of the organism tested was sensitive at 20% of the water extract. Sensitivity increased from 40% to 100% of the water extract. The highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 17.00±1.00 mm was obtained for Staphylococcus sp, followed by 16.33±1.15 mm for P. aeruginosa both at 100%. The highest ZOI for the ethanolic extract of bitter leaf (27.67±2.52 mm) was recorded for Staphylococcus sp followed by 25.00±2.00 mm for E. coli both at ethanol extract concentration of 300g /ml. We therefore conclude that bitter leaf can be considered as potential alternative to synthetic antibiotic growth promoters in poultry.
{"title":"Potentials of Veronica amygdalina extracts as an alternative anti-microbial feed additive in poultry","authors":"Matilda E. Weniafere, Ada Yaabari Nkpegamee, Ruth Ofongo, E. Ohimain","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00012.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00012.8","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the problem of antibiotic resistance, the use of synthetic antibiotics has been restricted in animal farming, which has spurred research into the development of alternatives. This study was designed to assess the in vitro antibiotic activity of the water and ethanolic extract of bitter leaf against Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Staphylococcus sp, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results obtained showed that none of the organism tested was sensitive at 20% of the water extract. Sensitivity increased from 40% to 100% of the water extract. The highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 17.00±1.00 mm was obtained for Staphylococcus sp, followed by 16.33±1.15 mm for P. aeruginosa both at 100%. The highest ZOI for the ethanolic extract of bitter leaf (27.67±2.52 mm) was recorded for Staphylococcus sp followed by 25.00±2.00 mm for E. coli both at ethanol extract concentration of 300g /ml. We therefore conclude that bitter leaf can be considered as potential alternative to synthetic antibiotic growth promoters in poultry.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82077560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00005.0
Ravindra Kumar
The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding maize silage based ration on milk yield and composition in lactating Barbari goats under intensive system. Twelve Barbari goats (age 2-3 years with avg. body weight of 35.58 kg) at mid lactating stage were divided into two groups (CON and SIL) of six each. Goats were randomly divided on the basis of body weight and milk yield. Goats of CON group were fed with 600 g concentrate pellets and 500 g greens/head/day and ad libitum gram straw, while goats of SIL group were fed with 600 g concentrate pellets and ad libitum maize silage. Does were kept under stall fed system with uniform management conditions by housing them in well ventilated sheds. The duration of experimental feeding was 37 days. Body weight changes, milk production and milk composition were recorded during experimental feeding. There was no statistically (P 0.05) similar between CON and SIL group of goats. Present study concluded that lactating goats can be fed with silage based ration without any adverse effect on milk yield and composition.
{"title":"Evaluation of silage based ration in lactating goats under stall-fed condition","authors":"Ravindra Kumar","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00005.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00005.0","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding maize silage based ration on milk yield and composition in lactating Barbari goats under intensive system. Twelve Barbari goats (age 2-3 years with avg. body weight of 35.58 kg) at mid lactating stage were divided into two groups (CON and SIL) of six each. Goats were randomly divided on the basis of body weight and milk yield. Goats of CON group were fed with 600 g concentrate pellets and 500 g greens/head/day and ad libitum gram straw, while goats of SIL group were fed with 600 g concentrate pellets and ad libitum maize silage. Does were kept under stall fed system with uniform management conditions by housing them in well ventilated sheds. The duration of experimental feeding was 37 days. Body weight changes, milk production and milk composition were recorded during experimental feeding. There was no statistically (P 0.05) similar between CON and SIL group of goats. Present study concluded that lactating goats can be fed with silage based ration without any adverse effect on milk yield and composition.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80255579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00004.9
M. S. Mahesh
Concentrate mixtures formulated to contain graded levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of rice gluten meal (RGM) and maize gluten meal (MGM), isonitrogenously replacing groundnut cake (GNC) were evaluated for chemical composition, protein fractions, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics. The concentrate mixtures contained an average of 22.1% crude protein (CP). The range of values obtained for various CNCPS protein fractions (% CP) was: 6.9-8.9, 12.7-24.1, 46.3-55.1, 15.3-17.6, 5.4-11.1 for A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and C, respectively across various treatments. Furthermore, rumen undegradable protein was maximum (P<0.01) at 100% MGM inclusion, whilst it was minimum (P<0.01) with GNC-based control. However, intestinal protein digestibility did not differ across treatments. The gas volume (GV) was highest (P<0.01) in control and lowest (P<0.01) in 100% MGM inclusion. Both in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility were greatest (P<0.01) at 100% MGM and lowest (P<0.01) at 100% RGM level. Methane, expressed as ml/g was maximum (P<0.01) in control and minimum (P<0.01) at 100% MGM inclusion. In addition, partitioning factor, microbial biomass production (MBP) and MBP: GV were maximum (P<0.01) for 100% MGM and minimum (P<0.01) for the control group. While pH of rumen fluid did not vary, ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids were found maximum (P<0.01) in control and minimum (P<0.01) at 100% MGM. Moreover, the molar percentage of acetic acid was highest (P<0.01) at 100% MGM but lowest (P<0.01) with 100% RGM diet, whereas the opposite results were true for propionate and butyric acid. These preliminary results suggested 50-75% substitution of GNC by RGM and a similar level of MGM in the concentrate mixture for feeding ruminant animals.
{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Rice and Maize Gluten Meals in the Concentrate Mixture of Ruminants","authors":"M. S. Mahesh","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00004.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00004.9","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrate mixtures formulated to contain graded levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of rice gluten meal (RGM) and maize gluten meal (MGM), isonitrogenously replacing groundnut cake (GNC) were evaluated for chemical composition, protein fractions, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics. The concentrate mixtures contained an average of 22.1% crude protein (CP). The range of values obtained for various CNCPS protein fractions (% CP) was: 6.9-8.9, 12.7-24.1, 46.3-55.1, 15.3-17.6, 5.4-11.1 for A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and C, respectively across various treatments. Furthermore, rumen undegradable protein was maximum (P<0.01) at 100% MGM inclusion, whilst it was minimum (P<0.01) with GNC-based control. However, intestinal protein digestibility did not differ across treatments. The gas volume (GV) was highest (P<0.01) in control and lowest (P<0.01) in 100% MGM inclusion. Both in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility were greatest (P<0.01) at 100% MGM and lowest (P<0.01) at 100% RGM level. Methane, expressed as ml/g was maximum (P<0.01) in control and minimum (P<0.01) at 100% MGM inclusion. In addition, partitioning factor, microbial biomass production (MBP) and MBP: GV were maximum (P<0.01) for 100% MGM and minimum (P<0.01) for the control group. While pH of rumen fluid did not vary, ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids were found maximum (P<0.01) in control and minimum (P<0.01) at 100% MGM. Moreover, the molar percentage of acetic acid was highest (P<0.01) at 100% MGM but lowest (P<0.01) with 100% RGM diet, whereas the opposite results were true for propionate and butyric acid. These preliminary results suggested 50-75% substitution of GNC by RGM and a similar level of MGM in the concentrate mixture for feeding ruminant animals.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73234152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00006.2
B. Sahoo
A study of 3 months duration was conducted in coastal belt of Odisha to assess the effect of supplemental mineral mixture on productive performance of lactating crossbred cows. Twenty crossbred cows were divided into two groups (T1 and T2) consisting of ten animals each. Animals in group T1(control) were fed on homemade concentrate mixture in fodder based diet consisting of concentrate and roughage (40:60), whereas the animals in group T2 were additionally supplemented with mineral mixture at 2% of concentrate mixture. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk composition were recorded at fortnight intervals during the trial. A digestibility trial of six days duration was conducted at the end of experimental feeding. DMI was not influenced by mineral mixture supplementation. Apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract were higher (P<0.05) in mineral mixture supplemented group than control group. Supplementation of mineral mixture improved the serum mineral level and improved milk yield by 18%. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of mineral mixture improved nutrient utilization, mineral bioavailability and milk production performance in dairy cows fed fodder based diet and enhanced income of farm families by 30%.
{"title":"Role of mineral mixture supplementation in enhancing productivity and profitability of peri-urban dairy farming","authors":"B. Sahoo","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00006.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00006.2","url":null,"abstract":"A study of 3 months duration was conducted in coastal belt of Odisha to assess the effect of supplemental mineral mixture on productive performance of lactating crossbred cows. Twenty crossbred cows were divided into two groups (T1 and T2) consisting of ten animals each. Animals in group T1(control) were fed on homemade concentrate mixture in fodder based diet consisting of concentrate and roughage (40:60), whereas the animals in group T2 were additionally supplemented with mineral mixture at 2% of concentrate mixture. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk composition were recorded at fortnight intervals during the trial. A digestibility trial of six days duration was conducted at the end of experimental feeding. DMI was not influenced by mineral mixture supplementation. Apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract were higher (P<0.05) in mineral mixture supplemented group than control group. Supplementation of mineral mixture improved the serum mineral level and improved milk yield by 18%. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of mineral mixture improved nutrient utilization, mineral bioavailability and milk production performance in dairy cows fed fodder based diet and enhanced income of farm families by 30%.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73272245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00001.3
Alok Mishra, A. Verma, A. Das, Putan Singh, Preeti Bisht, A. Wankar
The present review explores the nutritional and performance boosting functions of betaine in poultry and pig ration as a feed additive. Betaine, a trimethyl derivative of glycine is a normal metabolite in many plant and animal tissues. In all the animals, betaine is produced by oxidation of choline or supplied through feed. Its characteristics chemical structure makes betaine a dipolar zwitterion, conferring it osmoprotective and methyl donating properties. Over the past decades, numerous studies have investigated and published the favorable effects of betaine on performance in different animal species. Betaine is involved in transmethylation reactions for the synthesis of several metabolically active substances like creatine, carnitine etc. Also, it has shown evidence to increasing nutrient utilization, digestibility and methionine availability. Boosting immune status and reducing oxidative or heat stress are also some of the important functions of betaine. Most of the researches have specifically studied the growth promoting, carcass modulating, immune boosting or stress reducing properties of betaine in different species. Literature covering on different benefits of betaine as an essential feed supplement is not yet abundant. As both poultry and pig are important species of domesticated animals, betaine can be a better and cheaper, alternative feed supplement for enhancing the nutrient utilization and performance of poultry and pig. Therefore, an attempts have been made to delineate the functional effects of supplementary betaine in poultry and pig.
{"title":"Exploring the potentials of betaine supplementation in poultry and pig: A review","authors":"Alok Mishra, A. Verma, A. Das, Putan Singh, Preeti Bisht, A. Wankar","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00001.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00001.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present review explores the nutritional and performance boosting functions of betaine in poultry and pig ration as a feed additive. Betaine, a trimethyl derivative of glycine is a normal metabolite in many plant and animal tissues. In all the animals, betaine is produced by oxidation of choline or supplied through feed. Its characteristics chemical structure makes betaine a dipolar zwitterion, conferring it osmoprotective and methyl donating properties. Over the past decades, numerous studies have investigated and published the favorable effects of betaine on performance in different animal species. Betaine is involved in transmethylation reactions for the synthesis of several metabolically active substances like creatine, carnitine etc. Also, it has shown evidence to increasing nutrient utilization, digestibility and methionine availability. Boosting immune status and reducing oxidative or heat stress are also some of the important functions of betaine. Most of the researches have specifically studied the growth promoting, carcass modulating, immune boosting or stress reducing properties of betaine in different species. Literature covering on different benefits of betaine as an essential feed supplement is not yet abundant. As both poultry and pig are important species of domesticated animals, betaine can be a better and cheaper, alternative feed supplement for enhancing the nutrient utilization and performance of poultry and pig. Therefore, an attempts have been made to delineate the functional effects of supplementary betaine in poultry and pig.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72606676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00008.6
R. Pappula
The objective of the present study was to determine the synergistic effect of lauric acid and probiotic on the performance of broiler chicken. A total of 250-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups each having ten replicates with five chicks in each and were raised for a period of 42 days. Diets contained T1 - control diet, T2 - 0.05% antibiotic (AB), T3 - 0.05% lauric acid (LA), T4- 0.1% probiotic in the form of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (BS), and T5-0.05% organic acid +0.1% probiotic. The results revealed significantly (P 0.05) effect was observed on cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response among different treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that supplementation of lauric acid (0.05%) + probiotic (0.1%) combination could be safely included as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broilers.
{"title":"Supplementation of lauric acid, probiotic and their combination on performance and immune response of commercial broiler chicken","authors":"R. Pappula","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00008.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00008.6","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to determine the synergistic effect of lauric acid and probiotic on the performance of broiler chicken. A total of 250-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups each having ten replicates with five chicks in each and were raised for a period of 42 days. Diets contained T1 - control diet, T2 - 0.05% antibiotic (AB), T3 - 0.05% lauric acid (LA), T4- 0.1% probiotic in the form of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (BS), and T5-0.05% organic acid +0.1% probiotic. The results revealed significantly (P 0.05) effect was observed on cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response among different treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that supplementation of lauric acid (0.05%) + probiotic (0.1%) combination could be safely included as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broilers.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"19 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85014408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00016.5
Henchai P. Phom, K. Upadhyaya, Lalthanpuii Hnamte
Livestock plays an important role in sustaining rural livelihood, nutritional and environmental security and growth of Indian Agriculture. Fodder trees are an important feed for livestock, particularly during dry months and flood season when all the other fodder sources have been exhausted. Commonly available fodder tree leaves used as goat forage such as Ficus rumphii and Streblus asper and Litsea monopetela from flood plains of Assam were selected to determine the content of proximate principles, macro- and micro-nutrients and anti-nutritional factors. Considerable variations were observed in the nutrient profile of the studied species. Micro-minerals such as Cu, Zn and Co were lower than required level, while the content of macro-minerals viz ., Ca, Mg and P was higher than required level. Saponin was not detected in any of the three species. Based on the nutrient content of the three selected species, it was concluded that either of them can be used as a source of forage for ruminants, especially during the period of scarcity.
{"title":"Nutrient content of leaf of three selected tree species of flood plains of Assam, India","authors":"Henchai P. Phom, K. Upadhyaya, Lalthanpuii Hnamte","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00016.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00016.5","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock plays an important role in sustaining rural livelihood, nutritional and environmental security and growth of Indian Agriculture. Fodder trees are an important feed for livestock, particularly during dry months and flood season when all the other fodder sources have been exhausted. Commonly available fodder tree leaves used as goat forage such as Ficus rumphii and Streblus asper and Litsea monopetela from flood plains of Assam were selected to determine the content of proximate principles, macro- and micro-nutrients and anti-nutritional factors. Considerable variations were observed in the nutrient profile of the studied species. Micro-minerals such as Cu, Zn and Co were lower than required level, while the content of macro-minerals viz ., Ca, Mg and P was higher than required level. Saponin was not detected in any of the three species. Based on the nutrient content of the three selected species, it was concluded that either of them can be used as a source of forage for ruminants, especially during the period of scarcity.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83281475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00009.8
Hanumantha Rao
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different herbal preparations on the performance of broilers. A total of 250 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly divided into five treatment groups with ten replicates of five birds each. The experimental design consisted of; T1: control diet, T2: Herbal powder I (containing Withania somnifera, Phyllanthus emblica, Glycrrhiza glabra, Tribulus terrestris and Asparagas racemosus ), T3: Herbal powder II (containing Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum, Mangifera indica and Shilajit ), T4: Herbal powder III (Ayuce herbal powder), T5: Vitamin E (70 mg per kg) and Se (0.15 mg per kg). The results indicated that supplementation of herbal preparations (T2, T3 and T4), and vitamin E and Se significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers compared to control group at 42 d of age. However, feed intake was not affected by different herbal supplementation at 42 d of age. The Lipid peroxidation, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, serum cholesterol, blood glucose levels and E. coli counts in small intestine were significantly (P<0.05) lower in herbal supplemented groups compared to control and was at par with vitamin E and Se supplemented group. Various carcass parameters, serum total protein, albumin and antibody titer to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was similar among the groups. From the results, it could be concluded that poly-herbal preparations can be used as a feed additive for improving performance of broilers during heat stress conditions.
{"title":"Effect of herbal feed additives on performance, immunity, serum parameters and E. coli counts of broilers under heat stress","authors":"Hanumantha Rao","doi":"10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00009.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00009.8","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different herbal preparations on the performance of broilers. A total of 250 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly divided into five treatment groups with ten replicates of five birds each. The experimental design consisted of; T1: control diet, T2: Herbal powder I (containing Withania somnifera, Phyllanthus emblica, Glycrrhiza glabra, Tribulus terrestris and Asparagas racemosus ), T3: Herbal powder II (containing Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum, Mangifera indica and Shilajit ), T4: Herbal powder III (Ayuce herbal powder), T5: Vitamin E (70 mg per kg) and Se (0.15 mg per kg). The results indicated that supplementation of herbal preparations (T2, T3 and T4), and vitamin E and Se significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers compared to control group at 42 d of age. However, feed intake was not affected by different herbal supplementation at 42 d of age. The Lipid peroxidation, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, serum cholesterol, blood glucose levels and E. coli counts in small intestine were significantly (P<0.05) lower in herbal supplemented groups compared to control and was at par with vitamin E and Se supplemented group. Various carcass parameters, serum total protein, albumin and antibody titer to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was similar among the groups. From the results, it could be concluded that poly-herbal preparations can be used as a feed additive for improving performance of broilers during heat stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":13503,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of animal nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90756260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2021.00014.1
Sonali Chowdhary
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of garlic, turmeric and their combinations on performance of broilers (Cobb strain). Two hundred and forty day-old unsexed broiler chicks were procured and randomly divided into five dietary treatment group (n=48). Birds in control (C) group were administered antibiotic levofloxacin at 2.5 g/l of drinking water, however, antibiotic was replaced with dietary inclusion of either 1% turmeric (T 1 ), 1% garlic (T 2 ), 0.6% turmeric+0.4% garlic (T 3 ), or 0.6% garlic+0.4% turmeric (T 4 ). The diets formulated were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The feeding trial was conducted for 6 weeks. The results revealed significantly (P 0.05) among groups. Feed conversion ratio was found to be better in groups T 2 and T 4 . Protein efficiency ratio was found to be higher in group T 2 (P<0.05). The villi length of duodenum; epithelial and glandular epithelial height of jejunum, glandular epithelial height and diameter of glands of ileum were higher in group T 2 (P<0.05). The 1% garlic supplemented group showed the best cost benefit ratio. It was concluded that 1% garlic powder supplementation in the diet may substitute antibiotics without any adverse effect in broilers.
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