{"title":"Elise Boulding: Die „Saatbeete“ für Friedenskulturen pflegen","authors":"Eva Senghaas-Knobloch","doi":"10.35998/fw-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124959553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernst-Otto Czempiel (1927-2017) was a leading German pioneer in International Relations and in Peace Research. He revived the theory of democratic peace long before it was rediscovered in the United States. I introduce three of his major works on the theory of peace and on peace strategies. Czempiel’s concerns are prudent policies for an enduring peace in international society in general and the chances of a peaceful Euro-Atlantic order after the end of the East-West conflict in particular. His complex program for dealing with six causes of violence is considered one of the major international designs, although his interpretations of important contemporary developments have remained controversial to some extent. In addition, new dangers to “decreasing violence and increasing distributive justice” (Czempiel’s definition of peace) have arisen which had not been obvious in his days of scholarship.
{"title":"„Abnehmende Gewalt und zunehmende Verteilungsgerechtigkeit“","authors":"Gertraude Krell","doi":"10.35998/fw-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Ernst-Otto Czempiel (1927-2017) was a leading German pioneer in International Relations and in Peace Research. He revived the theory of democratic peace long before it was rediscovered in the United States. I introduce three of his major works on the theory of peace and on peace strategies. Czempiel’s concerns are prudent policies for an enduring peace in international society in general and the chances of a peaceful Euro-Atlantic order after the end of the East-West conflict in particular. His complex program for dealing with six causes of violence is considered one of the major international designs, although his interpretations of important contemporary developments have remained controversial to some extent. In addition, new dangers to “decreasing violence and increasing distributive justice” (Czempiel’s definition of peace) have arisen which had not been obvious in his days of scholarship.","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small Armed Aircraft and Missiles – Dangers for International Security","authors":"J. Altmann, Mathias Pilch, D. Suter","doi":"10.35998/fw-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116161284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2013 outbreak of Ebola in West Africa has highlighted the importance of adapting humanitarian responses to new socio-cultural contexts. The international humanitarian community was not only confronted with poor health infrastructure but also the challenge of local socio-cultural practices, which aggravated the spread of the Ebola virus. This paper discusses the Ebola crisis in Liberia from a socio-cultural perspective and highlights how the lack of information, neglect and criminalising of traditional practices, the history of civil war and the absence of trust in government limit the success of humanitarian assistance. This article provides an analysis of allows for an analysis of humanitarian assistance within the context of the increasing complexity of disasters and changing contexts.
{"title":"Ebola: It’s not only about the disease – challenges for adapting humanitarian assistance to its context","authors":"Lena Bledau","doi":"10.35998/fw-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The 2013 outbreak of Ebola in West Africa has highlighted the importance of adapting humanitarian responses to new socio-cultural contexts. The international humanitarian community was not only confronted with poor health infrastructure but also the challenge of local socio-cultural practices, which aggravated the spread of the Ebola virus. This paper discusses the Ebola crisis in Liberia from a socio-cultural perspective and highlights how the lack of information, neglect and criminalising of traditional practices, the history of civil war and the absence of trust in government limit the success of humanitarian assistance. This article provides an analysis of allows for an analysis of humanitarian assistance within the context of the increasing complexity of disasters and changing contexts.","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129477970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hildegard Goss-Mayr sees herself first and foremost as a teacher and witness of the power of nonviolence. From this experience she lives her commitment and passes it on to others. Her understanding of nonviolence as a basic attitude is fed by Christian sources, whereby she always emphasizes its universality, as it is also demonstrated in the text “Elemente der Gutekraft” presented here. Goss- Mayr’s pioneering achievement for peace research consists in the development of both a basic concept and a model for training work with people affected by violence, which anticipates current discussions in peace research today.
希尔德加德·戈斯-迈尔认为自己首先是一名教师，也是非暴力力量的见证者。从这段经历中，她实现了自己的承诺，并将其传递给他人。她对非暴力作为一种基本态度的理解是由基督教来源提供的，因此她总是强调它的普遍性，正如在这里呈现的文本“Elemente der Gutekraft”中所展示的那样。Goss- Mayr在和平研究方面的开创性成就包括为受暴力影响的人提供培训工作的基本概念和模式的发展，这预示着今天和平研究中的当前讨论。
{"title":"Hildegard Goss-Mayr – eine Pionierin der Gewaltfreiheit und ihre Bedeutung für die Friedensforschung","authors":"P. Hämmerle","doi":"10.35998/fw-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Hildegard Goss-Mayr sees herself first and foremost as a teacher and witness of the power of nonviolence. From this experience she lives her commitment and passes it on to others. Her understanding of nonviolence as a basic attitude is fed by Christian sources, whereby she always emphasizes its universality, as it is also demonstrated in the text “Elemente der Gutekraft” presented here. Goss- Mayr’s pioneering achievement for peace research consists in the development of both a basic concept and a model for training work with people affected by violence, which anticipates current discussions in peace research today.","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124097603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most refugees flee violent conflicts and seek peace and safety in host countries in the global south, where humanitarian refugee aid appears essential. However, for access to aid, refugees are often settled in camps, which are criticized for strict hierarchies, limited livelihoods and prevalent violence. This article asks whether some refugees choose to live in urban areas to get away from camps. Based on empirical research in Uganda, the article centers on refugees’ narratives to shed light on their experiences in camps and their reasons for living in Uganda’s capital Kampala despite difficulties. Although many refugees’ decisions for the city are strongly influenced by seeking to avoid camps, a clear separation of camps and cities as sole sites of residence cannot be drawn. Refugees rather cope with issues strategically, for which questions of time and space are key. Their mobilities help the people as they strive to deal with the past, improve current livelihoods and find peaceful settings.
{"title":"Escaping humanitarian aid in camps? Rethinking the links between refugees’ encampment, urban self-settlement, coping and peace","authors":"U. Krause, Joshua Gato","doi":"10.35998/FW-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/FW-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Most refugees flee violent conflicts and seek peace and safety in host countries in the global south, where humanitarian refugee aid appears essential. However, for access to aid, refugees are often settled in camps, which are criticized for strict hierarchies, limited livelihoods and prevalent violence. This article asks whether some refugees choose to live in urban areas to get away from camps. Based on empirical research in Uganda, the article centers on refugees’ narratives to shed light on their experiences in camps and their reasons for living in Uganda’s capital Kampala despite difficulties. Although many refugees’ decisions for the city are strongly influenced by seeking to avoid camps, a clear separation of camps and cities as sole sites of residence cannot be drawn. Refugees rather cope with issues strategically, for which questions of time and space are key. Their mobilities help the people as they strive to deal with the past, improve current livelihoods and find peaceful settings.","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127589881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By endorsing the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), the UN General Assembly aimed to protect civilians from severe crimes. The state-centric discourse in the International Relations discipline often ignores that humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are also expected to contribute to the implementation of R2P. However, R2P also suggests that humanitarian NGOs could play an important role in the prevention of and reaction to such crimes against humanity, and thus places them in a context of military-led “humanitarian interventions”. This changes the conditions under which humanitarian NGOs provide humanitarian aid: it threatens their neutrality and risks that other actors perceive them as being instrumentalized. NGOs react by discussing what R2P means; in general, for the practice of humanitarian aid, and for the NGOs’ role of protecting people against severe crimes in situations of armed conflict and violence. This article identifies different positions of and within humanitarian NGOs on these issues. The analysis also shows that R2P urges humanitarian NGOs to reflect more on their political role and on their potential to protect civilians and promote peace.
{"title":"Humanitäre Hilfe im Kontext der Responsibility to Protect: NGOs zwischen Neutralität und Instrumentalisierung","authors":"C. Dany","doi":"10.35998/fw-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"By endorsing the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), the UN General Assembly aimed to protect civilians from severe crimes. The state-centric discourse in the International Relations discipline often ignores that humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are also expected to contribute to the implementation of R2P. However, R2P also suggests that humanitarian NGOs could play an important role in the prevention of and reaction to such crimes against humanity, and thus places them in a context of military-led “humanitarian interventions”. This changes the conditions under which humanitarian NGOs provide humanitarian aid: it threatens their neutrality and risks that other actors perceive them as being instrumentalized. NGOs react by discussing what R2P means; in general, for the practice of humanitarian aid, and for the NGOs’ role of protecting people against severe crimes in situations of armed conflict and violence. This article identifies different positions of and within humanitarian NGOs on these issues. The analysis also shows that R2P urges humanitarian NGOs to reflect more on their political role and on their potential to protect civilians and promote peace.","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122869433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mythen der etablierten Sicherheitspolitik II – Mythos I: „Der Westen kann die Weltprobleme lösen“","authors":"J. Scheffran, M. Staack","doi":"10.35998/fw-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129513231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johan Galtung is well known as a founding father of peace research. His broad concepts of violence and peace brought an academic breakthrough against the discipline of international relations. Accordingly, violence is the cause of a recently avoidable difference between actuality and potentiality. In his early writings, Galtung distinguished personal and structural violence, with the former corresponding to negative and the latter to positive peace. He later added a third cultural dimension. This led to a re-adjustment of the complete conceptual apparatus of what becomes manifest in a triangle and a stratum model. Points of criticism are related to theory building, concept construction and presumed political consequences. In some respects, however, these miss Galtung’s point, while in other respects they can be absorbed into the work itself. However, the oeuvre should not be misunderstood as ultimate truth. Nevertheless, it still provides an indispensable foil for all those who deal, academically or practically, with matters of peace.
{"title":"Johan Galtungs weites Verständnis von Frieden und Gewalt – eine Grundsteinlegung für die Friedensforschung","authors":"Sabine Jaberg","doi":"10.35998/fw-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Johan Galtung is well known as a founding father of peace research. His broad concepts of violence and peace brought an academic breakthrough against the discipline of international relations. Accordingly, violence is the cause of a recently avoidable difference between actuality and potentiality. In his early writings, Galtung distinguished personal and structural violence, with the former corresponding to negative and the latter to positive peace. He later added a third cultural dimension. This led to a re-adjustment of the complete conceptual apparatus of what becomes manifest in a triangle and a stratum model. Points of criticism are related to theory building, concept construction and presumed political consequences. In some respects, however, these miss Galtung’s point, while in other respects they can be absorbed into the work itself. However, the oeuvre should not be misunderstood as ultimate truth. Nevertheless, it still provides an indispensable foil for all those who deal, academically or practically, with matters of peace.","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126629076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mythen der etablierten Sicherheitspolitik II – Mythos IV: „China ist eine Weltmacht, keine Regionalmacht“","authors":"W. Mucha, Sven Wöhrmann, H. Janusch","doi":"10.35998/fw-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135312,"journal":{"name":"Die Friedens-Warte","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122396064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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