Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2023.2180031
Nagarjuna Boppana, Robyn A. Snow, Paul S. Simone, G. L. Emmert, Michael A. Brown
Abstract Liquid delivery and endpoint determination during titrations may be problematic if an analyst does not have adequate training or formal education. This can lead to issues with method accuracy and precision. This work is focused on the development of a simple, low-cost, automated system capable of performing potentiometric titrations with a push of a button. A single-board computer (Raspberry Pi), a stepper motor-based syringe pump, and a commercially available pH sensor circuit board were the primary components used to construct the auto-titrator system. Open-source Python programming language was used to control and coordinate components and provide a simple-to-use graphical user interface. A standard alkalinity method for drinking and raw water was evaluated and yielded an accuracy (recovery) between 92% and 104% for concentrations above 10 mg L−1. The precision of the method was less than 5% regardless of concentration. The developed titrator was tested at Lebanon, TN, and Woodruff, SC water treatment plants. The system was also certified by LabtronX to perform alkalinity measurements in Lebanon, TN, and served the plant operators for the past two years.
{"title":"Automated system for performing pH-based titrations","authors":"Nagarjuna Boppana, Robyn A. Snow, Paul S. Simone, G. L. Emmert, Michael A. Brown","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2023.2180031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2023.2180031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Liquid delivery and endpoint determination during titrations may be problematic if an analyst does not have adequate training or formal education. This can lead to issues with method accuracy and precision. This work is focused on the development of a simple, low-cost, automated system capable of performing potentiometric titrations with a push of a button. A single-board computer (Raspberry Pi), a stepper motor-based syringe pump, and a commercially available pH sensor circuit board were the primary components used to construct the auto-titrator system. Open-source Python programming language was used to control and coordinate components and provide a simple-to-use graphical user interface. A standard alkalinity method for drinking and raw water was evaluated and yielded an accuracy (recovery) between 92% and 104% for concentrations above 10 mg L−1. The precision of the method was less than 5% regardless of concentration. The developed titrator was tested at Lebanon, TN, and Woodruff, SC water treatment plants. The system was also certified by LabtronX to perform alkalinity measurements in Lebanon, TN, and served the plant operators for the past two years.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"574 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41637376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2023.2164932
L. Umar, Cory Nur Hafifah, V. A. Rosandi, Moch. Rifqi Tamara, H. Suhendar, K. Triyana
Abstract The principles of the electronic tongue sensor include potentiometry using a type of electrode with a liquid junction design. Mint leaves are widely used in the industrial sector in food, beverage, and medicinal products. In the industrial sector there are obstacles in the quality control process when analyzing the content in beverage products, in which the tools are unable to accurately classify the ingredients in the product. The content of a mixture of mint and tea was tested using seven working electrodes coated with different lipid membranes and classified using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The electronic tongue was tested on a solution representing the five basic tastes. The accuracy of the readings of each sensor was obtained using a support vector regression (SVR) linear model with the mean absolute error (MAE) equal to 0.43 and a correlation coefficient ( ) of 0.93.
{"title":"Potentiometry lipid membrane based electronic tongue for the classification of mint in tea by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA)","authors":"L. Umar, Cory Nur Hafifah, V. A. Rosandi, Moch. Rifqi Tamara, H. Suhendar, K. Triyana","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2023.2164932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2023.2164932","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The principles of the electronic tongue sensor include potentiometry using a type of electrode with a liquid junction design. Mint leaves are widely used in the industrial sector in food, beverage, and medicinal products. In the industrial sector there are obstacles in the quality control process when analyzing the content in beverage products, in which the tools are unable to accurately classify the ingredients in the product. The content of a mixture of mint and tea was tested using seven working electrodes coated with different lipid membranes and classified using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The electronic tongue was tested on a solution representing the five basic tastes. The accuracy of the readings of each sensor was obtained using a support vector regression (SVR) linear model with the mean absolute error (MAE) equal to 0.43 and a correlation coefficient ( ) of 0.93.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"514 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47910299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2023.2167211
H. Cui, Fei Wang, Shengyu Hu, Wenyuan Wang, Jinhui Fan
Abstract This paper presents the design and application of a near-infrared laser absorption-based sensor for methane measurements during anaerobic digestion using an optical probe inserted into an anaerobic tank reactor. The wavelength of the laser was scanned across the absorption lines of methane near 1.65 µm to provide the real-time concentration. A probe was designed for optical measurement. This technique was validated by measuring methane in the laboratory and anaerobic digestion tank reactor. A set of reference values spanning from 30 to 52%, covering the typical concentrations during anaerobic digestion, were measured to validate the reliability of the system. The spectrometrically derived methane concentrations showed high consistency with the reference values, and an R2 of 0.999 revealed that the system was reliable. In addition, the detection limit was estimated by the uncertainty of the intercept to be 0.27% with an accuracy of 0.1% and a temporal resolution of 1 s.
{"title":"Determination of methane during anaerobic digestion by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS)","authors":"H. Cui, Fei Wang, Shengyu Hu, Wenyuan Wang, Jinhui Fan","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2023.2167211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2023.2167211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the design and application of a near-infrared laser absorption-based sensor for methane measurements during anaerobic digestion using an optical probe inserted into an anaerobic tank reactor. The wavelength of the laser was scanned across the absorption lines of methane near 1.65 µm to provide the real-time concentration. A probe was designed for optical measurement. This technique was validated by measuring methane in the laboratory and anaerobic digestion tank reactor. A set of reference values spanning from 30 to 52%, covering the typical concentrations during anaerobic digestion, were measured to validate the reliability of the system. The spectrometrically derived methane concentrations showed high consistency with the reference values, and an R2 of 0.999 revealed that the system was reliable. In addition, the detection limit was estimated by the uncertainty of the intercept to be 0.27% with an accuracy of 0.1% and a temporal resolution of 1 s.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"544 - 557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47083939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Portable and efficient removal of volatile particles from motor vehicle exhaust is essential for the accurate measurement of involatile solid particle number concentration in on-board emission measurement systems. For this purpose, a volatile particle remover with a combination of hot dilution and a thermodenuder (referred to as VPR-TD) was designed. The flow and temperature fields of the VPR-TD were simulated and analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics software by which experimental verification and system performance tests were performed. The simulation showed that the effective heating length and residence time of the VPR-TD increased by 6 cm and 25%, respectively, as the dilution ratio increased from 1 to 10 at a total flow of 0.6 L/min at 350 °C. In addition, the experimental results showed that the penetration efficiency of 100 nm sodium chloride (non-volatile particles) in the VPR-TD was higher than 70.4%, and the removal efficiency of 30 nm tetracontane (volatile particles) was higher than 99% at a total flow 0.6 L/min, heating temperature 350 °C, and dilution ratios of 5 and 10. In summary, when the dilution ratio was set to 10, the device met the requirements of the Light Duty Vehicle Emission Limits and Measurement Methods (CHINA 6) for a volatile particle remover. At dilution ratio of 5, VPR-TD may be used as a pre-conditioning unit in portable emissions measurement systems.
{"title":"Design and evaluation of a volatile particle remover combining hot dilution and a thermodenuder","authors":"Chengxiang Guo, Tongzhu Yu, Yixin Yang, Huaqiao Gui, Juntao Hu, Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2023.2164933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2023.2164933","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Portable and efficient removal of volatile particles from motor vehicle exhaust is essential for the accurate measurement of involatile solid particle number concentration in on-board emission measurement systems. For this purpose, a volatile particle remover with a combination of hot dilution and a thermodenuder (referred to as VPR-TD) was designed. The flow and temperature fields of the VPR-TD were simulated and analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics software by which experimental verification and system performance tests were performed. The simulation showed that the effective heating length and residence time of the VPR-TD increased by 6 cm and 25%, respectively, as the dilution ratio increased from 1 to 10 at a total flow of 0.6 L/min at 350 °C. In addition, the experimental results showed that the penetration efficiency of 100 nm sodium chloride (non-volatile particles) in the VPR-TD was higher than 70.4%, and the removal efficiency of 30 nm tetracontane (volatile particles) was higher than 99% at a total flow 0.6 L/min, heating temperature 350 °C, and dilution ratios of 5 and 10. In summary, when the dilution ratio was set to 10, the device met the requirements of the Light Duty Vehicle Emission Limits and Measurement Methods (CHINA 6) for a volatile particle remover. At dilution ratio of 5, VPR-TD may be used as a pre-conditioning unit in portable emissions measurement systems.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"524 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42404039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2124418
J Hallas, A J Janvier, K F Hoettges, J R Henstock
During exercise, mechanical loads from the body are transduced into interstitial fluid pressure changes which are sensed as dynamic hydrostatic forces by cells in cartilage. The effects of these loading forces in health and disease are of interest to biologists, but the availability of affordable equipment for in vitro experimentation is an obstacle to research progress. Here, we report the development of a cost-effective hydropneumatic bioreactor system for research in mechanobiology. The bioreactor was assembled from readily available components (a closed-loop stepped motor and pneumatic actuator) and a minimal number of easily-machined crankshaft parts, whilst the cell culture chambers were custom designed by the biologists using CAD and entirely 3 D printed in PLA. The bioreactor system was shown to be capable of providing cyclic pulsed pressure waves at a user-defined amplitude and frequency ranging from 0 to 400 kPa and up to 3.5 Hz, which are physiologically relevant for cartilage. Tissue engineered cartilage was created from primary human chondrocytes and cultured in the bioreactor for five days with three hours/day cyclic pressure (300 kPa at 1 Hz), simulating moderate physical exercise. Bioreactor-stimulated chondrocytes significantly increased their metabolic activity (by 21%) and glycosaminoglycan synthesis (by 24%), demonstrating effective cellular transduction of mechanosensing. Our Open Design approach focused on using 'off-the-shelf' pneumatic hardware and connectors, open source software and in-house 3 D printing of bespoke cell culture containers to resolve long-standing problems in the availability of affordable bioreactors for laboratory research.
{"title":"Pneumatic piston hydrostatic bioreactor for cartilage tissue engineering.","authors":"J Hallas, A J Janvier, K F Hoettges, J R Henstock","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2124418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2124418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During exercise, mechanical loads from the body are transduced into interstitial fluid pressure changes which are sensed as dynamic hydrostatic forces by cells in cartilage. The effects of these loading forces in health and disease are of interest to biologists, but the availability of affordable equipment for <i>in vitro</i> experimentation is an obstacle to research progress. Here, we report the development of a cost-effective hydropneumatic bioreactor system for research in mechanobiology. The bioreactor was assembled from readily available components (a closed-loop stepped motor and pneumatic actuator) and a minimal number of easily-machined crankshaft parts, whilst the cell culture chambers were custom designed by the biologists using CAD and entirely 3 D printed in PLA. The bioreactor system was shown to be capable of providing cyclic pulsed pressure waves at a user-defined amplitude and frequency ranging from 0 to 400 kPa and up to 3.5 Hz, which are physiologically relevant for cartilage. Tissue engineered cartilage was created from primary human chondrocytes and cultured in the bioreactor for five days with three hours/day cyclic pressure (300 kPa at 1 Hz), simulating moderate physical exercise. Bioreactor-stimulated chondrocytes significantly increased their metabolic activity (by 21%) and glycosaminoglycan synthesis (by 24%), demonstrating effective cellular transduction of mechanosensing. Our Open Design approach focused on using 'off-the-shelf' pneumatic hardware and connectors, open source software and in-house 3 D printing of bespoke cell culture containers to resolve long-standing problems in the availability of affordable bioreactors for laboratory research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 3","pages":"273-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10041975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9224203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2158195
Xin Yan, Luo Wei, R. Fu, T. Cheng
Abstract A temperature sensor based upon a single mode - multimode-single mode – multimode - single mode (SMSMS) fiber structure is experimentally demonstrated. The SMSMS structure is covered by ethanol-glycerol solution, and changing the ratio of ethanol to glycerol changes the temperature sensitivity. A theoretical calculation was developed to characterize the influence of the ethanol-glycerol content upon the sensor performance,. Multimode interference (MMI) occurs between single mode fibers (SMF) and multimode fibers (MMF), and temperature measurements were achieved by monitoring the movement of the interference profile in the transmission spectrum. The results show that covering the SMSMS structure with an ethanol-glycerol solution improves the temperature sensitivity of the sensor. The temperature sensitivity was is 0.700 nm/°C from 30 °C to 80 °C.
{"title":"Highly sensitive temperature sensor based upon a multimode interference structure filled with an ethanol-glycerol solution","authors":"Xin Yan, Luo Wei, R. Fu, T. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2158195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2158195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A temperature sensor based upon a single mode - multimode-single mode – multimode - single mode (SMSMS) fiber structure is experimentally demonstrated. The SMSMS structure is covered by ethanol-glycerol solution, and changing the ratio of ethanol to glycerol changes the temperature sensitivity. A theoretical calculation was developed to characterize the influence of the ethanol-glycerol content upon the sensor performance,. Multimode interference (MMI) occurs between single mode fibers (SMF) and multimode fibers (MMF), and temperature measurements were achieved by monitoring the movement of the interference profile in the transmission spectrum. The results show that covering the SMSMS structure with an ethanol-glycerol solution improves the temperature sensitivity of the sensor. The temperature sensitivity was is 0.700 nm/°C from 30 °C to 80 °C.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":"465 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41251853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2162077
S. Kwon, J. Kwon, Dongsoo Kim
Abstract Today packaging waste is a prevalent issue due to the increase in deliveries from online shopping. Here a new approach to this issue of cardboard box packaging waste is proposed by adapting an image processing algorithm based on camera vision-based measurement that computes the optimal cuboid bounding algorithm of irregular shape products. The end result is utilized so that packaging workers select the appropriate product box. This approach may also be used as a preliminary process to optimize the packaging of many products into a single cardboard box. The system setup with two cameras is prepared to capture the overhead and sideview images, estimating the box’s width, depth, and height in pixels. This system may then evaluate feasible cuboids that minimize waste, in which the traditional Otsu’s thresholding method, proposed Otsu’s scheme, and 1-D gradient means are utilized to avoid inaccuracies created by shadows. Calibration is performed with a Rubik’s cube to convert the measurement from computer simulations to real-life dimensions. The computer simulations from the overhead and sideview images compared to the actual bounding box of the object show that the proposed algorithm yields superior performance by reducing the area error of the bounding box (%) of an overhead image and the height error (%) of a sideview image than the conventional Otsu’s method.
{"title":"Minimum cuboid estimation of irregular shape products for reducing box packaging waste by using vision-based measurement","authors":"S. Kwon, J. Kwon, Dongsoo Kim","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2162077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2162077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today packaging waste is a prevalent issue due to the increase in deliveries from online shopping. Here a new approach to this issue of cardboard box packaging waste is proposed by adapting an image processing algorithm based on camera vision-based measurement that computes the optimal cuboid bounding algorithm of irregular shape products. The end result is utilized so that packaging workers select the appropriate product box. This approach may also be used as a preliminary process to optimize the packaging of many products into a single cardboard box. The system setup with two cameras is prepared to capture the overhead and sideview images, estimating the box’s width, depth, and height in pixels. This system may then evaluate feasible cuboids that minimize waste, in which the traditional Otsu’s thresholding method, proposed Otsu’s scheme, and 1-D gradient means are utilized to avoid inaccuracies created by shadows. Calibration is performed with a Rubik’s cube to convert the measurement from computer simulations to real-life dimensions. The computer simulations from the overhead and sideview images compared to the actual bounding box of the object show that the proposed algorithm yields superior performance by reducing the area error of the bounding box (%) of an overhead image and the height error (%) of a sideview image than the conventional Otsu’s method.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"495 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41860436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2158857
L. Guimarães, Leandra Paula Marques de Sousa Rosa Nita, W. Toma, M. T. Pacheco, L. Silveira
Abstract Stability studies are essential to ensure that a drug maintains its qualities after leaving the production line until the end of the validity date. This study aimed to identify the alterations related to shelf time in commercial formulations containing dipyrone (metamizole) and to model the shelf time by Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 350 mW). Spectra of nine commercial medicines containing dipyrone sodium were obtained during the validity period (valid samples) and after the expiration date (overdue samples) with shelf times ranging from 46 to 62 months. The spectra were compared to identify changes due to the dipyrone degradation and develop a model to estimate the shelf time. The Raman analysis of valid and overdue samples showed peaks due to the hydrolysis-oxidation of dipyrone: a blue-shift (N feature in the difference spectrum) of the bands assigned to aromatic and pyrazole rings due to the presence of the metabolite N-methylaminoantipyrine, a decrease in peaks related to the dissociation of − SO3Na due to the hydrolysis/oxidation, and an increase in peaks associated with sodium sulfate/disulfate. A regression model based upon principal component analysis (PCA) showed a strong correlation between shelf time and the PCA variable PC2 (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.804). The study showed the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in identifying the degradation of dipyrone sodium to characterize the shelf time and use in the quality control of commercial medicines.
{"title":"Characterization of the degradation of dipyrone (metamizole) in expired oral pharmaceutical products by Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA)","authors":"L. Guimarães, Leandra Paula Marques de Sousa Rosa Nita, W. Toma, M. T. Pacheco, L. Silveira","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2158857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2158857","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stability studies are essential to ensure that a drug maintains its qualities after leaving the production line until the end of the validity date. This study aimed to identify the alterations related to shelf time in commercial formulations containing dipyrone (metamizole) and to model the shelf time by Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 350 mW). Spectra of nine commercial medicines containing dipyrone sodium were obtained during the validity period (valid samples) and after the expiration date (overdue samples) with shelf times ranging from 46 to 62 months. The spectra were compared to identify changes due to the dipyrone degradation and develop a model to estimate the shelf time. The Raman analysis of valid and overdue samples showed peaks due to the hydrolysis-oxidation of dipyrone: a blue-shift (N feature in the difference spectrum) of the bands assigned to aromatic and pyrazole rings due to the presence of the metabolite N-methylaminoantipyrine, a decrease in peaks related to the dissociation of − SO3Na due to the hydrolysis/oxidation, and an increase in peaks associated with sodium sulfate/disulfate. A regression model based upon principal component analysis (PCA) showed a strong correlation between shelf time and the PCA variable PC2 (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.804). The study showed the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in identifying the degradation of dipyrone sodium to characterize the shelf time and use in the quality control of commercial medicines.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"479 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2156535
M. Soylak, Ismail Ungur, Ozgur Ozalp
Abstract A Fe3O4@ Diaion HP‐2MG resin was used for separation-preconcentration and determination of trace Ni(II) as the 2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐pyridilazo)‐5‐(diethylamino)phenol (PADAP) chelate. Nickel determination was performed by high‐resolution–continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). Among the parameters affecting the recoveries of Ni(II) on the Fe3O4@ Diaion HP-2MG, the pH, resin mass, and sample volume were optimized. The influence of matrix ions upon the analyte recovery was evaluated and the tolerance limit was determined for common ions. The Fe3O4@ Diaion HP-2MG resin was used 15 times without any degradation in performance. The limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and preconcentration factor were 15.0 µg L−1, 49.0 µg L−1, and 100 respectively. The accuracy of the developed method was validated by the analyzing certified reference materials (NIST 1573a tomato leaves and TMDA-64.3 fortified water). The developed procedure was applied to natural water and food samples.
{"title":"Magnetic solid‐phase extraction of nickel(II) as the 2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐pyridilazo)‐5‐(diethylamino)phenol chelate on magnetite@methacrylic ester copolymer prior to high‐resolution–continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection","authors":"M. Soylak, Ismail Ungur, Ozgur Ozalp","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2156535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2156535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A Fe3O4@ Diaion HP‐2MG resin was used for separation-preconcentration and determination of trace Ni(II) as the 2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐pyridilazo)‐5‐(diethylamino)phenol (PADAP) chelate. Nickel determination was performed by high‐resolution–continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). Among the parameters affecting the recoveries of Ni(II) on the Fe3O4@ Diaion HP-2MG, the pH, resin mass, and sample volume were optimized. The influence of matrix ions upon the analyte recovery was evaluated and the tolerance limit was determined for common ions. The Fe3O4@ Diaion HP-2MG resin was used 15 times without any degradation in performance. The limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and preconcentration factor were 15.0 µg L−1, 49.0 µg L−1, and 100 respectively. The accuracy of the developed method was validated by the analyzing certified reference materials (NIST 1573a tomato leaves and TMDA-64.3 fortified water). The developed procedure was applied to natural water and food samples.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"447 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2152459
Liu Li, Y. Luo, Qian Zhao, Zhanjun Wang
Abstract Electromagnetic tomography is a process detection technology based upon the principles of electromagnetic induction. The forward problem model and sensitivity distribution matrix of electromagnetic tomography are introduced as the basis of the inverse problem. The search direction and iterative parameters of the conjugate gradient algorithm are modified to improve the quality and convergence of image reconstruction. A new spectral parameter conjugate gradient algorithm is described to modify the search direction, which is used to control the angle between the old and new search directions. The search direction is determined according to the iteration of each step in order to find the optimal solution. Combining the advantages of the Fletcher-Reeves and Polak-Ribiere-Polyak algorithms in the nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm, they are mixed in a specific proportion to obtain a new hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness of the modified conjugate gradient algorithm, three physical models of electromagnetic tomography system are constructed, and the modified conjugate gradient algorithm is compared with the traditional algorithm. The experimental results show that the reconstructed image quality of the modified spectral conjugate gradient algorithm is higher and has better numerical performance. The hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm highlights the advantages of the Fletcher-Reeves and Polak-Ribiere-Polyaks algorithms. The convergence speed is faster than the Polak-Ribiere-Polyak method, and the imaging quality is higher than the other algorithms.
{"title":"Hybrid spectrum conjugate gradient algorithm in electromagnetic tomography","authors":"Liu Li, Y. Luo, Qian Zhao, Zhanjun Wang","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2152459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2152459","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electromagnetic tomography is a process detection technology based upon the principles of electromagnetic induction. The forward problem model and sensitivity distribution matrix of electromagnetic tomography are introduced as the basis of the inverse problem. The search direction and iterative parameters of the conjugate gradient algorithm are modified to improve the quality and convergence of image reconstruction. A new spectral parameter conjugate gradient algorithm is described to modify the search direction, which is used to control the angle between the old and new search directions. The search direction is determined according to the iteration of each step in order to find the optimal solution. Combining the advantages of the Fletcher-Reeves and Polak-Ribiere-Polyak algorithms in the nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm, they are mixed in a specific proportion to obtain a new hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness of the modified conjugate gradient algorithm, three physical models of electromagnetic tomography system are constructed, and the modified conjugate gradient algorithm is compared with the traditional algorithm. The experimental results show that the reconstructed image quality of the modified spectral conjugate gradient algorithm is higher and has better numerical performance. The hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm highlights the advantages of the Fletcher-Reeves and Polak-Ribiere-Polyaks algorithms. The convergence speed is faster than the Polak-Ribiere-Polyak method, and the imaging quality is higher than the other algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"435 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41690902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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