Modele de simulation permettant de predire la distribution trivariante des gouttes et le transfert de matiere entre les phases dispersee et continue, utilisant le concept de bilan de population de gouttes. Les resultats de la simulation sont compares a des resultats experimentaux precedents et a des resultats de calculs de systemes sans transfert de matiere: l'accord est bon
{"title":"A drop population balance model for mass transfer in liquid-liquid dispersion. 1. Simulation and its results","authors":"Y. Jeon, W. Lee","doi":"10.1021/I100022A018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100022A018","url":null,"abstract":"Modele de simulation permettant de predire la distribution trivariante des gouttes et le transfert de matiere entre les phases dispersee et continue, utilisant le concept de bilan de population de gouttes. Les resultats de la simulation sont compares a des resultats experimentaux precedents et a des resultats de calculs de systemes sans transfert de matiere: l'accord est bon","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75595418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problems in the numerical solution of boundary value problems encountered in hollow fiber binary gas permeatbrs having cocurrent or countercurrent permeate flow with axial pressure drop inside the fiber bore are discussed. A series solution technique is developed to express each product composition and the pressure ratio as a power series in terms of a dimensionless membrane area for shell side constant-pressure feed flow. Cocurrent or countercurrent rating or design problems require the solution of elther one algebraic equation, two coupled algebraic equations, or three coupled algebraic equations to determine the unknown quantities of interest. Calculated product and reject compositions, stage cuts, and closed-end pressure ratios compare quite well with those from numerical solutions for practically useful low to moderate cuts over a wide range of parameters. Cocurrent rating calculations requiring solution of only one algebraic equation are recommended for shortcut procedures since flow pattern effects are significant but not large.
{"title":"Hollow fiber gas permeator with countercurrent or cocurrent flow: series solutions","authors":"N. Boucif, A. Sengupta, K. Sirkar","doi":"10.1021/I100022A007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100022A007","url":null,"abstract":"The problems in the numerical solution of boundary value problems encountered in hollow fiber binary gas permeatbrs having cocurrent or countercurrent permeate flow with axial pressure drop inside the fiber bore are discussed. A series solution technique is developed to express each product composition and the pressure ratio as a power series in terms of a dimensionless membrane area for shell side constant-pressure feed flow. Cocurrent or countercurrent rating or design problems require the solution of elther one algebraic equation, two coupled algebraic equations, or three coupled algebraic equations to determine the unknown quantities of interest. Calculated product and reject compositions, stage cuts, and closed-end pressure ratios compare quite well with those from numerical solutions for practically useful low to moderate cuts over a wide range of parameters. Cocurrent rating calculations requiring solution of only one algebraic equation are recommended for shortcut procedures since flow pattern effects are significant but not large.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90076264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By means of a modified corresponding states principle developed by the present authors for the vapor pressures of H/sub 2/O isotopes, a few experimental data for the vapor pressure of tritium oxide (T/sub 2/O), available at lower temperatures, have been extrapolated to the critical temperature. By the use of the extrapolated saturation curve and an empirical relationship between the critical pressure P /sub C/ and the critical temperature T /sub C/, the location of the critical point of T/sub 2/O on the P-T plane has been estimated. The critical density p/sub C/ has also been estimated on the assumption that the critical molar densities are identical among the H/sub 2/O isotopes. The critical constants thus obtained are T/sub C/ = 641.7 K, P/sub C/ = 21.41 MPa, and p/sub C/ = 393 kg/m/sup 3/. An equation for the saturation vapor pressure of T/sub 2/O has been developed. The uncertainty of this equation has been developed. The uncertainty of this equation has been estimated at +-0.4% in the entire temperature range.
{"title":"Prediction of the critical constants and the saturation vapor pressure of tritium oxide","authors":"N. Matsunaga, A. Nagashima","doi":"10.1021/I100021A017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A017","url":null,"abstract":"By means of a modified corresponding states principle developed by the present authors for the vapor pressures of H/sub 2/O isotopes, a few experimental data for the vapor pressure of tritium oxide (T/sub 2/O), available at lower temperatures, have been extrapolated to the critical temperature. By the use of the extrapolated saturation curve and an empirical relationship between the critical pressure P /sub C/ and the critical temperature T /sub C/, the location of the critical point of T/sub 2/O on the P-T plane has been estimated. The critical density p/sub C/ has also been estimated on the assumption that the critical molar densities are identical among the H/sub 2/O isotopes. The critical constants thus obtained are T/sub C/ = 641.7 K, P/sub C/ = 21.41 MPa, and p/sub C/ = 393 kg/m/sup 3/. An equation for the saturation vapor pressure of T/sub 2/O has been developed. The uncertainty of this equation has been developed. The uncertainty of this equation has been estimated at +-0.4% in the entire temperature range.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76224272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy hydrocarbons (M/sub R/ > 250) have been observed to dissolve in liquid water just below its critical temperature (374 /sup 0/C). Visual measurements of the solution temperatures of hydrocarbon/water systems confined in sealed quartz capillary tubes (autogenous pressure) show unambiguously that even very heavy heavy hydrocarbons (M/sub R/ > 400) form true solutions with water in a temperature-pressure region where both pure components can exist as liquids. The solubilities determined from solution temperatures of three pure hydrocarbons (a straight-chain paraffin, n-tetracosane; a polynuclear aromatic, benzo(e)pyrene; an alkylbenzene, n-nonadecylbenzene) and a naphthene/branched paraffin white oil mixture are reported in the temperature range 320-365/sup 0/C. The solution-temperature-derived solubilities are in agreement with heavy oil fraction solubility data obtained in ''blind'' autoclaves. Solubilities of pure heavy hydrocarbons in water at 350/sup 0/C range from 1 wt % for n-tetracosane to 10 wt % for benzo(e)pyrene. The variation of hydrocarbon solubility in water as a function of temperature and hydrocarbon molecular size and type is discussed by using the concepts of hydrophobic interactions and solubility parameters which have been developed to explain the solubilities of light hydrocarbons in water.
{"title":"Visual observation of the solubility of heavy hydrocarbons in near-critical water","authors":"N. Sanders","doi":"10.1021/I100021A027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A027","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy hydrocarbons (M/sub R/ > 250) have been observed to dissolve in liquid water just below its critical temperature (374 /sup 0/C). Visual measurements of the solution temperatures of hydrocarbon/water systems confined in sealed quartz capillary tubes (autogenous pressure) show unambiguously that even very heavy heavy hydrocarbons (M/sub R/ > 400) form true solutions with water in a temperature-pressure region where both pure components can exist as liquids. The solubilities determined from solution temperatures of three pure hydrocarbons (a straight-chain paraffin, n-tetracosane; a polynuclear aromatic, benzo(e)pyrene; an alkylbenzene, n-nonadecylbenzene) and a naphthene/branched paraffin white oil mixture are reported in the temperature range 320-365/sup 0/C. The solution-temperature-derived solubilities are in agreement with heavy oil fraction solubility data obtained in ''blind'' autoclaves. Solubilities of pure heavy hydrocarbons in water at 350/sup 0/C range from 1 wt % for n-tetracosane to 10 wt % for benzo(e)pyrene. The variation of hydrocarbon solubility in water as a function of temperature and hydrocarbon molecular size and type is discussed by using the concepts of hydrophobic interactions and solubility parameters which have been developed to explain the solubilities of light hydrocarbons in water.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some applications of the generalized De Donder equation to industrial reactions","authors":"M. Boudart","doi":"10.1021/I100021A010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89466747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calculation of Joule-Thomson inversion curves from equations of state","authors":"Gary W. Dilay, R. Heidemann","doi":"10.1021/I100021A024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87588900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analyse des donnees experimentales sur la vitesse de croissance de cristaux de sucrose pour etudier leur dispersion, au moyen de deux modeles concurrents. Les resultats experimentaux montrent que des experiences soigneusement concues doivent etre effectuees pour que l'on puisse etablir une distinction entre les deux
{"title":"Modeling growth rate dispersion in a batch sucrose crystallizer","authors":"K. Berglund, V. G. Murphy","doi":"10.1021/I100021A029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A029","url":null,"abstract":"Analyse des donnees experimentales sur la vitesse de croissance de cristaux de sucrose pour etudier leur dispersion, au moyen de deux modeles concurrents. Les resultats experimentaux montrent que des experiences soigneusement concues doivent etre effectuees pour que l'on puisse etablir une distinction entre les deux","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the twentieth century, technological advances in catalysis have been enormous. These advances have generally stimulated research leading to significant progress in the science of catalysis. Areas of catalysis providing good examples include ammonia synthesis in the chemical industry and catalytic cracking and reforming in the petroleum industry. As the science of catalysis has developed in response to the stimulus of technology, it has had an increasingly greater effect in the reverse direction, i.e., in shaping the technology. This feedback phenomenon is highly desirable for maximizing progress in both science and technology.
{"title":"Influence of technology on catalytic science","authors":"J. Sinfelt","doi":"10.1021/I100021A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A001","url":null,"abstract":"During the twentieth century, technological advances in catalysis have been enormous. These advances have generally stimulated research leading to significant progress in the science of catalysis. Areas of catalysis providing good examples include ammonia synthesis in the chemical industry and catalytic cracking and reforming in the petroleum industry. As the science of catalysis has developed in response to the stimulus of technology, it has had an increasingly greater effect in the reverse direction, i.e., in shaping the technology. This feedback phenomenon is highly desirable for maximizing progress in both science and technology.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75536337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fatty acid is converted to the corresponding carbon length alcohol by the liquid phase hydrogenation of the carboxylic acid in the presence of a co-catalyst system consisting essentially of activated rhenium metal in combination with an extrinsic metal catalyst in the form of one of the platinum metals.
{"title":"Catalytic hydrogenation of fatty oils","authors":"J. Coenen","doi":"10.1021/I100021A006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A006","url":null,"abstract":"A fatty acid is converted to the corresponding carbon length alcohol by the liquid phase hydrogenation of the carboxylic acid in the presence of a co-catalyst system consisting essentially of activated rhenium metal in combination with an extrinsic metal catalyst in the form of one of the platinum metals.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73447225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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