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2016 IEEE 15th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)最新文献

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Development and application of an algorithm for extracting multiple linear regression equations from artificial neural networks for nonlinear regression problems 从非线性回归问题的人工神经网络中提取多元线性回归方程的算法的开发与应用
Veronica Chan, Christine W. Chan
This paper discusses the development and application of a decomposition neural network rule extraction algorithm for nonlinear regression problems, the algorithm is called the piece-wise linear artificial neural network or PWL-ANN algorithm. Rules in the form of linear equations are generated by approximating the sigmoid activation functions of the hidden neurons in an artificial neural network (ANN). The developed algorithm was applied to nineteen datasets. The preliminary results showed that the algorithm gives satisfactory results on sixteen of the nineteen tested datasets and the results demonstrate high fidelity to the originally trained neural network models. By analyzing the values of R2 given by the PWL approximation on the hidden neurons and the overall output, it is evident that there are more factors affecting the fidelity of the algorithm apart from the precision of the approximation of each individual node of the given ANN model. Nevertheless, the algorithm shows promising potential for application in engineering problems.
本文讨论了一种用于非线性回归问题的分解神经网络规则提取算法的发展和应用,该算法称为分段线性人工神经网络或PWL-ANN算法。通过近似人工神经网络中隐藏神经元的s型激活函数,生成线性方程形式的规则。该算法应用于19个数据集。初步结果表明,该算法在19个测试数据集中的16个数据集上得到了满意的结果,并且结果与原始训练的神经网络模型具有较高的保真度。通过分析PWL逼近对隐藏神经元和整体输出给出的R2值,可以明显看出,除了给定ANN模型的每个单独节点的逼近精度外,还有更多因素影响算法的保真度。尽管如此,该算法在工程问题中显示出良好的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 9
Segmentation of nuclei in digital pathology images 数字病理图像中核的分割
P. Guo, A. Evans, P. Bhattacharya
There are challenges for image cancer nuclei segmentation in clinical decision support systems for brain tumor diagnosis. In this study, we propose a method for segmentation of cancer nuclei when such conflicts of cancer nuclei involve ‘omics’ indicative of brain tumors pathologically. To constrain the problem space in the region of color information (i.e. cancer nuclei), we begin by converting the images into the V component of HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) using the level-set segmentation (VLS) in the training stage, follow by applying the sparsity representation (SR) in the test stage. Via the SR, the proposed VLS-SR would exhibits an improved capability of searching recursively for the optimal threshold level-set in the working subsets of the SR for image cancer nuclei segmentation.
在脑肿瘤诊断的临床决策支持系统中,图像癌核分割存在挑战。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种分割癌核的方法,当这种癌核冲突涉及脑肿瘤病理指示的“组学”时。为了将问题空间限制在颜色信息(即癌核)区域,我们首先在训练阶段使用水平集分割(VLS)将图像转换为HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value)的V分量,然后在测试阶段应用稀疏表示(SR)。通过该算法,VLS-SR算法具有较强的递归搜索最优阈值水平集的能力,可用于图像癌核分割。
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引用次数: 16
A new multifunctional neural network with high performance and low energy consumption 一种新型高性能、低能耗的多功能神经网络
L. M. Zhang
A common artificial neural network (ANN) uses the same activation function for all hidden and output neurons. Therefore, it has an optimization limitation for complex big data analysis due to its single mathematical functionality. In addition, an ANN with a complicated activation function uses a very long training time and consumes a lot of energy. To address these issues, this paper presents a new energy-efficient “Multifunctional Neural Network” (MNN) that uses a variety of different activation functions to effectively improve performance and significantly reduce energy consumption. A generic training algorithm is designed to optimize the weights, biases, and function selections for improving performance while still achieving relatively fast computational time and reducing energy usage. A novel general learning algorithm is developed to train the new energy-efficient MNN. For performance analysis, a new “Genetic Deep Multifunctional Neural Network” (GDMNN) uses genetic algorithms to optimize the weights and biases, and selects the set of best-performing energy-efficient activation functions for all neurons. The results from sufficient simulations indicate that this optimized GDMNN can perform better than other GDMNNs in terms of achieving high performance (prediction accuracy), low energy consumption, and fast training time. Future works include (1) developing more effective energy-efficient learning algorithms for the MNN for data mining application problems, and (2) using parallel cloud computing methods to significantly speed up training the MNN.
常见的人工神经网络(ANN)对所有隐藏神经元和输出神经元使用相同的激活函数。因此,由于数学功能单一,对复杂的大数据分析存在优化限制。此外,激活函数复杂的人工神经网络训练时间长,能量消耗大。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种新的节能“多功能神经网络”(MNN),该网络使用多种不同的激活函数来有效提高性能并显着降低能耗。设计了一种通用的训练算法来优化权重、偏置和函数选择,以提高性能,同时仍然实现相对较快的计算时间和减少能量使用。提出了一种新的通用学习算法来训练新型节能MNN。在性能分析方面,一种新的“遗传深度多功能神经网络”(Genetic Deep Multifunctional Neural Network, GDMNN)利用遗传算法对权重和偏置进行优化,并为所有神经元选择性能最佳的节能激活函数集。大量的仿真结果表明,优化后的GDMNN在实现高性能(预测精度)、低能耗和快速训练时间方面优于其他GDMNN。未来的工作包括(1)为MNN开发更有效节能的学习算法,用于数据挖掘应用问题,以及(2)使用并行云计算方法显着加快MNN的训练速度。
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引用次数: 1
Learnings and innovations in speech recognition 语音识别的学习和创新
F. Beaufays
In the last ten years, speech recognition has evolved from a science fiction dream to a widespread input method for mobile devices. In this talk, I will describe how speech recognition works, the problems we have solved and the challenges that remain. I will touch upon some of Google's main efforts in language and pronunciation modeling, and describe how the adoption of neural networks for acoustic modeling marked the beginning of a technology revolution in the field, with approaches such as Long Short Term Memory models and Connectionist Temporal Classification. I will also share my learnings on how Machine Learning and Human Knowledge can be harmoniously combined to build state-of-the-art technology that helps and delights users across the world.
在过去的十年里,语音识别已经从科幻小说中的梦想发展成为移动设备上广泛使用的输入法。在这次演讲中,我将描述语音识别是如何工作的,我们已经解决的问题和仍然存在的挑战。我将触及谷歌在语言和发音建模方面的一些主要努力,并描述神经网络在声学建模方面的采用如何标志着该领域技术革命的开始,如长短期记忆模型和连接主义时间分类。我还将分享我对机器学习和人类知识如何和谐结合的学习,以构建最先进的技术,帮助和愉悦世界各地的用户。
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引用次数: 0
Logical consensuses for case-based reasoning and for mathematical engineering of AI 基于案例推理和人工智能数学工程的逻辑共识
É. Grégoire, Jean-Marie Lagniez, Du Zhang
We claim that computing forms of consensus among several agents about their solutions to past problems can play a useful pre-treatment role in case-based reasoning. Intuitively, we define a consensus as a subset of the plain accumulation of all the agents' individual past discovered solutions such that every agent can agree on all the information in this subset. A consensus can be expected to form a more reliable basis for further re-use or generalization than the knowledge from which it is extracted. We define various forms of logical consensus in this context: the focus is on computational issues about the automated extraction of consensuses in an extended Boolean logic setting.
我们声称,计算几个智能体对过去问题的解决方案的共识形式可以在基于案例的推理中发挥有用的预处理作用。直观地,我们将共识定义为所有智能体个体过去发现的解决方案的简单积累的子集,这样每个智能体都可以就该子集中的所有信息达成一致。可以期望共识形成一个更可靠的基础,以便进一步重用或推广,而不是从中提取的知识。在这种情况下,我们定义了各种形式的逻辑共识:重点是关于在扩展布尔逻辑设置中自动提取共识的计算问题。
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引用次数: 1
Techniques for cognition of driving context for safe driving application 驾驶环境认知技术在安全驾驶中的应用
Giacomo Briochi, M. Colombetti, M. D. Hina, Assia Soukane, A. Ramdane-Cherif
In this work, given the context of the driver, of the vehicle and of the environment, our objective is to correctly recognize the traffic situation and provide the driver with the corresponding assistance by providing notification or alert about the situation or the infraction that was committed, or acting directly on the vehicle. To do so, we need to consider the signal processing related to these context parameters. We built knowledge representation using ontology, built rules related to the fusion of context parameters and the deduction corresponding to the traffic situation using Semantic Web Rule Language. We built fission component that deals with traffic situation and the corresponding action directed towards the driver or the vehicle. Ontology is used to represent driving model and road environment. This work is our contribution in the ongoing research for the prevention of vehicular traffic accident.
在这项工作中,考虑到驾驶员、车辆和环境的背景,我们的目标是正确识别交通状况,并通过提供有关情况或违规行为的通知或警报,或直接对车辆采取行动,为驾驶员提供相应的帮助。为此,我们需要考虑与这些上下文参数相关的信号处理。使用本体构建知识表示,使用语义Web规则语言构建与上下文参数融合相关的规则和与交通状况相对应的推理。我们构建了裂变组件来处理交通状况以及针对驾驶员或车辆的相应动作。使用本体来表示驾驶模型和道路环境。这项工作是我们对正在进行的预防车辆交通事故研究的贡献。
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引用次数: 4
Ranking preferences deduction based on semantic similarity for the stable marriage problem 基于语义相似度的稳定婚姻问题排序偏好演绎
Michaël Guedj
The stable marriage problem is a well-known problem with many practical applications. Most algorithms to find stable marriages assume that the participants explicitly express a preference ordering. This can be problematic when the number of options is large or has a combinatorial structure. We show, by simply asking the actors (men and women) to fulfill a personal profile with items positioning in a tree-structured semantic network, that it is possible to solve the problem of stable marriages without asking the actors to explicitly operate a ranking over the members of the opposite sex.
稳定婚姻问题是一个众所周知的问题,有许多实际应用。大多数寻找稳定婚姻的算法都假设参与者明确地表达了偏好顺序。当选项数量很大或具有组合结构时,这可能会出现问题。我们表明,通过简单地要求演员(男性和女性)在树状结构的语义网络中完成个人资料的项目定位,有可能解决稳定婚姻的问题,而不要求演员明确地对异性成员进行排名。
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引用次数: 1
Disaster-aware smart routing scheme based on symbiotic computing for highly-available information storage systems 基于共生计算的高可用性信息存储系统容灾智能路由方案
S. Izumi, Asato Edo, Toru Abe, T. Suganuma
In this paper, we propose a disaster-aware smart routing scheme for highly-available information storage systems. Our proposed scheme is based on the concept of Symbiotic Computing to recognize disaster status in Real Space, and provides appropriate routes form Digital Space dynamically. This realizes effective data transmission considering disaster situation and its time variation. We have designed architecture of our proposed scheme and conducted basic experimentation. In this paper, we extend its architecture based on the Symbiotic Computing and evaluate its effectiveness through complex network environments.
本文提出了一种高可用性信息存储系统的灾难感知智能路由方案。我们提出的方案基于共生计算的概念来识别真实空间中的灾难状态,并动态地从数字空间中提供适当的路由。考虑到灾情及其时变,实现了有效的数据传输。我们设计了方案的架构,并进行了基本的实验。本文在共生计算的基础上对其体系结构进行了扩展,并在复杂的网络环境下对其有效性进行了评价。
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引用次数: 1
Semantic computing of simplicity in attributed generalized trees 属性广义树中简单性的语义计算
Mahsa Kiani, V. Bhavsar, H. Boley
In earlier work, Attributed Generalized Tree (AGT) structures, having vertex labels, edge labels, and edge weights have been introduced. AGTs can represent knowledge in domains containing rich semantic/pragmatic object-centered descriptions as well as complex relations between objects. Therefore, AGTs have applications in many domains such as health, business, and finance (e.g., insurance underwriting). In this paper, we introduce a function to quantify the simplicity of an arbitrary AGT. Our simplicity function takes into account branch, position, and weight factors; it maps the structure to a value in the interval [0,1]. The recursive simplicity algorithm performs a top-down traversal of the AGT and computes its simplicity bottom-up. Characteristic properties of the AGT simplicity measure are analyzed, and AGTs in a test dataset are ranked based on their simplicity values computed using our simplicity algorithm. The experimental analysis confirms our expectation that the simplicity value decreases with increasing the complexity of AGT structure.
在早期的工作中,引入了具有顶点标记、边缘标记和边缘权重的属性广义树(AGT)结构。agt可以在包含丰富的以对象为中心的语义/语用描述以及对象之间复杂关系的领域中表示知识。因此,agt在许多领域都有应用,例如健康、商业和金融(例如,保险承销)。在本文中,我们引入一个函数来量化任意AGT的简单性。我们的简化函数考虑了分支、位置和权重因素;它将结构映射到区间[0,1]内的一个值。递归简单性算法对AGT执行自顶向下的遍历,并自底向上计算其简单性。分析了AGT简单性度量的特征属性,并根据使用简单性算法计算的简单性值对测试数据集中的AGT进行了排序。实验分析证实了我们的预期,即简单性值随着AGT结构复杂性的增加而降低。
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引用次数: 1
An information theoretic criterion for adaptive multiobjective memetic optimization 自适应多目标模因优化的信息论准则
Hieu V. Dang, W. Kinsner
Multiobjective memetic optimization algorithms (MMOAs) are recently applied to solve nonlinear optimization problems with conflicting objectives. An important issue in an MMOA is how to identify the relative best solutions to guide its adaptive processes. Pareto dominance has been used extensively to find the relative relations between solutions for the fitness assessment in multiobjective optimization based on evolutionary algorithms (MOEA). However, the approach based on the Pareto dominance criterion decreases its convergence speed when the number of objectives increases. In this paper, we propose an effective information-theoretic criterion based on the multiscale relative Rényi entropy to guide the adaptive selection, clustering, and local learning processes in our framework of adaptive multiobjective memetic optimization algorithms (AMMOA). The implementation of AMMOA is applied to several benchmark test problems with remarkable results.
近年来,多目标模因优化算法(MMOAs)被应用于解决具有冲突目标的非线性优化问题。MMOA中的一个重要问题是如何确定相对最佳的解决方案来指导其适应过程。在基于进化算法的多目标优化中,Pareto优势被广泛用于寻找适应度评估解之间的相对关系。然而,基于Pareto优势准则的方法随着目标数量的增加而降低了收敛速度。在自适应多目标模因优化算法(AMMOA)框架中,提出了一种基于多尺度相对rsamnyi熵的有效信息论准则,用于指导自适应选择、聚类和局部学习过程。将AMMOA的实现应用于几个基准测试问题,取得了显著的效果。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2016 IEEE 15th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)
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