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2016 IEEE 15th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)最新文献

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Towards scalable computational models of emotions for autonomous agents 面向自主主体的可扩展情感计算模型
Xavier Gonzalez-Olvera, Luis-Felipe Rodríguez
Computational models of emotions (CMEs) are software systems designed to synthesize the mechanisms of the human emotion process. They are included in cognitive agent architectures to endow Autonomous Agents (AAs) with abilities for the evaluation of emotional stimuli, the simulation and expression of emotional feelings, and the development of emotionally driven responses. Although the literature reports several developments of CMEs, there is still a wide range of challenges that remain unaddressed regarding their development process. A key challenge is the development of scalable CMEs whose architecture is capable of implementing novel findings about human emotions. In this paper, we discuss the challenge of scalable CMEs and present a case study that demonstrates how the step by step application of a methodology that takes advantage of psychological and biological findings leads to the design of scalable CMEs. The results of this paper aim at promoting the development of AAs capable of meeting the complex requirements of current applications.
情感计算模型(CMEs)是一种旨在综合人类情感过程机制的软件系统。它们被包含在认知代理架构中,赋予自主代理(Autonomous Agents, AAs)评估情绪刺激、模拟和表达情绪感受以及发展情绪驱动反应的能力。尽管文献报道了日冕物质抛射的一些发展,但在其发展过程中仍存在广泛的挑战尚未解决。一个关键的挑战是开发可扩展的cme,其架构能够实现关于人类情感的新发现。在本文中,我们讨论了可扩展cme的挑战,并提出了一个案例研究,展示了如何一步一步地应用一种利用心理学和生物学发现的方法来设计可扩展的cme。本文的研究结果旨在促进能够满足当前应用复杂需求的自动识别系统的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Finding a disease-related gene from microarray data using random forest 利用随机森林从微阵列数据中寻找疾病相关基因
Kazutaka Nishiwaki, K. Kanamori, H. Ohwada
Numerous databases of DNA-microarrays are now widely available on the internet. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the analysis of microarray data using machine-learning techniques due to the amount of data, which is too massive for researchers to analyze using conventional techniques. In this study, we propose a method of finding a disease-related gene from microarray data using random forest, a machine-learning technique. More specifically, we focused on Alzheimer's disease and used microarray data related to Alzheimer's disease in the experiments. In the result, we found some genes that are believed to be related to Alzheimer's disease. Some genes discovered in the result have been investigated for their relevance to Alzheimer's disease, and this proves that our proposed methodology was successful in finding disease-related genes using microarray data. In addition, the proposed methodology is useful in providing new knowledge for biologists, medical scientists, and cognitive computing researchers since there is no previous work on genes that focused on finding a disease-related gene for Alzheimer's disease.
大量的dna微阵列数据库现在可以在互联网上广泛使用。最近,由于数据量太大,研究人员无法使用传统技术进行分析,因此人们对使用机器学习技术分析微阵列数据的兴趣越来越大。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种使用随机森林(一种机器学习技术)从微阵列数据中寻找疾病相关基因的方法。更具体地说,我们专注于阿尔茨海默病,并在实验中使用与阿尔茨海默病相关的微阵列数据。结果,我们发现了一些被认为与阿尔茨海默病有关的基因。结果中发现的一些基因已经被研究了与阿尔茨海默病的相关性,这证明我们提出的方法在使用微阵列数据寻找疾病相关基因方面是成功的。此外,所提出的方法在为生物学家、医学科学家和认知计算研究人员提供新知识方面很有用,因为以前没有针对阿尔茨海默病的相关基因的研究工作。
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引用次数: 9
Cooperative Compounded Particle Swarm Optimization and application 协同复合粒子群优化及其应用
Hongbo Wang, Kezheng Wang, Y. Xue, Xuyan Tu
In real-time high dimensions optimization problem, how to quickly find the optimal solution and give timely response or decisive adjustment is very important. Inspired by the mutual parasitic behaviors, this paper suggests a new PSO variant, Cooperative Compounded Particle Swarm Optimization (COMPSO) that improves the convergence speed and reduces the possibility of particles into the local optimum. By using of real encoding mechanism, COMPSO is applied to the vehicle routing problem. Compared with other PSO algorithms, experimental results show the superiority of COMPSO algorithm in terms of the solution quality and computational efficiency. It proves a helpful guiding significance.
在实时高维优化问题中,如何快速找到最优解并给予及时响应或果断调整是非常重要的。受相互寄生行为的启发,本文提出了一种新的粒子群优化算法——协同复合粒子群优化算法(Cooperative composite Particle Swarm Optimization, COMPSO),该算法提高了粒子群的收敛速度,减少了粒子陷入局部最优的可能性。利用实数编码机制,将COMPSO应用于车辆路径问题。实验结果表明,与其他粒子群算法相比,COMPSO算法在解质量和计算效率方面具有优势。具有一定的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
A geometric dynamic temporal reasoning method with tags 一种带标签的几何动态时间推理方法
Rui Xu, Z. Li, P. Cui, Shengying Zhu, Ai Gao
Temporal reasoning is one of the cognitive capabilities humans involve in communicating with others and everything appears related because of temporal reference. Therefore, in this paper a geometric dynamic temporal reasoning algorithm is proposed to solve the temporal reasoning problem, especially in autonomous planning and scheduling. This method is based on the representation of actions in a two dimensional coordination system. The main advantage of this method over others is that it uses tags to mark new constraints added into the constraint network, which leads the algorithm to deal with pending constraints rather than all constraints. This characteristic makes the algorithm suitable for temporal reasoning, where variables and constraints are always added dynamically. This algorithm can be used not only in intelligent planning, but also computational intelligence, real-time systems, and etc. The results show the efficiency of our algorithm from four cases simulating the planning and scheduling process.
时间推理是人类与他人交流时所涉及的一种认知能力,一切事物都因时间参照而显得相关。因此,本文提出了一种几何动态时间推理算法来解决时间推理问题,特别是自主规划和调度中的时间推理问题。该方法基于二维协调系统中动作的表示。与其他方法相比,该方法的主要优点是它使用标记来标记添加到约束网络中的新约束,这使得算法处理未决约束而不是所有约束。这种特性使得该算法适合于动态添加变量和约束的时间推理。该算法不仅可以应用于智能规划,还可以应用于计算智能、实时系统等领域。仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Using the 5th dimensions of human visual perception to inspire automated edge and texture segmentation: A fuzzy spatial-taxon approach 利用人类视觉感知的第5维激发自动边缘和纹理分割:一种模糊空间分类单元方法
L. Barghout
With the recent stunning success of machine learning, artificially intelligent machine vision research falls (roughly) into two camps: the big data camp and cognitive informatics camp. Big data uses statistical methods to discover latent structures that emerge from the co-occurrences of relevant features when sampling over enormous quantities of data. The cognitive informatics methods design computer vision systems to mimic human cognition. Though some visual latent features that emerge from deep learning networks, mimic mammalian visual detectors, as of yet the information processing mechanisms (analogous to human psychophysical mechanisms) remain hidden within the complexity of the deep nets. Furthermore, the sampling requirements of big data systems require limiting samples to pre-processed sets, such as SHIFT (shift invariant feature transform (Lowe 1999)). Techniques, such as the ones introduced in this paper, provide fast cognitively relevant methods for selecting samples and reducing the number of candidate features. The approach described in this paper live squarely in the camp of designing computer vision A.I. to mimics human cognitive processes. I introduce a novel definition of edges, based on human hierarchical scene perception. Hierarchical scene perception views vision within the 5 dimensions of horizontal & vertical position, depth, time and scene abstraction level (spatial-taxon). Fuzzy inference selects candidate edge elements using the Gestalt psychology principal of good curvilinear continuation, proximity and edges attachment. Spatial-taxon inference infers an edge outline for each level of abstraction within the scene architecture. The system was tested on 60 natural images and the results provide edges more aligned with human intuition of what edges should look like. ROC plots indicate solid performance, with the majority of human subjects rating the edge detection as high quality. The inferred edges are consistent with the finding of neurons responsive to proto-object boundaries in the visual cortex.
随着最近机器学习的惊人成功,人工智能机器视觉研究(大致)分为两个阵营:大数据阵营和认知信息学阵营。当对大量数据进行采样时,大数据使用统计方法来发现相关特征共同出现的潜在结构。认知信息学方法设计计算机视觉系统来模拟人类的认知。虽然深度学习网络中出现了一些模仿哺乳动物视觉探测器的视觉潜在特征,但到目前为止,信息处理机制(类似于人类的心理物理机制)仍然隐藏在深度网络的复杂性中。此外,大数据系统的采样要求要求将样本限制在预处理集,如SHIFT(移位不变特征变换(Lowe 1999))。本文介绍的技术为选择样本和减少候选特征的数量提供了快速的认知相关方法。本文描述的方法完全属于设计计算机视觉人工智能来模仿人类认知过程的阵营。我介绍了一种基于人类分层场景感知的边缘的新定义。分层场景感知在水平和垂直位置、深度、时间和场景抽象层次(空间分类单元)5个维度上观察视觉。模糊推理利用完形心理学的曲线延续性好、接近性好、边缘附着性好的原则来选择候选边缘元素。空间分类推断为场景架构内的每个抽象级别推断出边缘轮廓。该系统在60张自然图像上进行了测试,结果提供的边缘更符合人类对边缘的直觉。ROC图显示了可靠的性能,大多数人类受试者将边缘检测评为高质量。推断的边缘与视觉皮层中对原始物体边界有反应的神经元的发现是一致的。
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引用次数: 1
Improving pattern classification by nonlinearly combined classifiers 基于非线性组合分类器的模式分类改进
Mohammed Falih Hassan, I. Abdel-Qader
In order to improve classification accuracy, multiple classifier systems have provided better pattern classification over single classifier systems in different applications. The theoretical frameworks proposed in [5], [7] present important tools for estimating and minimizing the added error of linearly combined classifier systems. In this work, we present a theoretical model that estimates the added error using geometric mean rule which is a nonlinear combining rule. In the derivation, we assume classifiers' outputs are uncorrelated and have identical distributions for a given class case. We also show that by setting the number of classifiers to one (a single classifier system), the derived formula is modified and matches the results given in [5]. We validated our derivations with computer simulations and compared these with the analytical results. Due to the nonlinearity of the geometric mean, theoretical results show that the bias and variance errors are mixed together in their contribution to the added error. It was shown that the bias error dominated the contribution to the added error compared to the variance error. It is possible to minimize the variance error by increasing the ensemble size (number of classifiers) while the bias error is minimized under certain conditions. The proposed theoretical work can help in investigating the added error for other nonlinear arithmetic combining rules.
为了提高分类精度,在不同的应用中,多分类器系统比单分类器系统提供了更好的模式分类。[5]、[7]中提出的理论框架为估计和最小化线性组合分类器系统的附加误差提供了重要的工具。本文提出了一种利用非线性组合规则几何平均规则估计附加误差的理论模型。在推导中,我们假设分类器的输出是不相关的,并且对于给定的类情况具有相同的分布。我们还表明,通过将分类器的数量设置为一个(单个分类器系统),推导出的公式被修改并与[5]给出的结果相匹配。我们用计算机模拟验证了我们的推导,并将其与分析结果进行了比较。由于几何均值的非线性,理论结果表明,偏差和方差误差对附加误差的贡献是混合在一起的。结果表明,与方差误差相比,偏差误差对附加误差的贡献占主导地位。可以通过增加集合大小(分类器数量)来最小化方差误差,同时在一定条件下最小化偏倚误差。所提出的理论工作有助于研究其他非线性算法组合规则的附加误差。
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引用次数: 3
An efficient reduction algorithm based on natural neighbor and nearest enemy 一种基于自然近邻和最近邻的高效约简算法
Lijun Yang, Qingsheng Zhu, Jinlong Huang, Dongdong Cheng
Prototype reduction is aimed at reducing prohibitive computational costs and the storage space for pattern recognition. The most frequently used methods include the condensating and editing approaches. Condensating method removes the patterns far from the decision boundary and do not contribute to better classification accuracy, while editing method removes noise patterns to improve the classification accuracy. In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm called prototype reduction algorithm based on natural neighbor and nearest enemy is presented. At first, an editing algorithm is proposed to filter noisy patterns and smooth the class boundaries by using the concept of natural neighbor. The main advantage of the editing algorithm is that it does not require any user-defined parameters. Then, using a new condensing method based on nearest enemy to reduce prototypes far from decision line. Through this algorithm, interior prototypes are discarded. Experiments show that the hybrid approach effectively reduces the number of prototypes while achieves higher classification performance along with competitive prototype algorithms.
原型约简的目的是减少模式识别的计算成本和存储空间。最常用的方法有冷凝法和编辑法。凝聚法去除远离决策边界的模式,不能提高分类精度;编辑法去除噪声模式,提高分类精度。本文提出了一种新的基于自然近邻和最近邻的混合原型约简算法。首先,利用自然邻域的概念,提出了一种过滤噪声模式和平滑类边界的编辑算法。编辑算法的主要优点是它不需要任何用户定义的参数。然后,采用一种新的基于最近敌人的压缩方法来减少远离决策线的原型。通过该算法,内部原型被丢弃。实验表明,该方法在有效减少原型数量的同时,与同类原型算法相比,具有较高的分类性能。
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引用次数: 0
Stakeholders strategies' in common pool resources. Experimentation of a help tool to the decision with Multi-Agent based simulation for Indian Ocean 公共资源池中的利益相关者策略。基于Multi-Agent的印度洋海域仿真决策辅助工具试验
Aurelie Gaudieux, Joel Kwan, V. Sébastien, R. Courdier
This paper presents the SIEGMAS system (Stakeholders Interactions in Environmental Governance by a Multi-Agent System) designed to simulate interactions between stakeholders in common pool resources in Indian Ocean Islands. This decision support system tool is based on a model allowing the study of the interactions between agents acting on a territory and influenced by economic aspects thanks to an agronomic interface. The work presented here focuses on interactive and dynamic tools we developed in order to provide our system with powerful functionalities for maps' configuration and results interpretation. The purpose of this project is twofold. On one hand, we want to offer a tool devoted to the economists community working on Common Pool Resources. On the other hand, we want to present a computer system solution dedicated to simulations' results interpretation for decision-makers in business and politics.
本文介绍了SIEGMAS系统(Multi-Agent system环境治理中的利益相关者互动),该系统旨在模拟印度洋岛屿公共资源池中利益相关者之间的互动。这个决策支持系统工具基于一个模型,该模型允许研究在一个领域上行动的代理之间的相互作用,并受农业界面的经济方面的影响。这里介绍的工作重点是我们开发的交互式和动态工具,以便为我们的系统提供强大的地图配置和结果解释功能。这个项目的目的是双重的。一方面,我们希望提供一个工具,专门用于研究公共资源的经济学家社区。另一方面,我们希望提供一个计算机系统解决方案,专门为商业和政治决策者提供模拟结果的解释。
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引用次数: 0
“Errare Humanum Est”: Simulation of communication error among a virtual team in crisis situation “错误的人性Est”:模拟虚拟团队在危机情况下的沟通错误
L. Huguet, N. Sabouret, D. Lourdeaux
In the context of medical team leaders training, we present a multiagent communication model that can introduce errors in a team of agents. This model is built from existing work from the literature in multiagents systems and information science, but also from a corpus of dialogues collected during actual field training for medical teams. Our model supports four types of communication errors (misunderstanding, misinterpretation, non-understanding and absence of answer) that appear at different stages of the communication process.
在医疗团队领导者培训的背景下,我们提出了一个多智能体通信模型,该模型可以在智能体团队中引入错误。该模型建立在多智能体系统和信息科学文献的现有工作基础上,也建立在医疗团队实际现场培训期间收集的对话语料库上。我们的模型支持在沟通过程的不同阶段出现的四种类型的沟通错误(误解、误解、不理解和没有回答)。
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引用次数: 3
Deep learning and deep thinking: New application framework by CICT 深度学习与深度思考:CICT新应用框架
R. Fiorini
In a previous paper we showed and discussed how computational information conservation theory (CICT) can help us to develop even competitive advanced quantum cognitive computational systems. To achieve reliable system intelligence outstanding results, current computational system modeling and simulation community has to face and to solve two orders of modeling limitations at least. As a solution, we propose an exponential, prespatial arithmetic scheme (“all-powerful scheme”) by CICT to overcome the Information Double-Bind (IDB) problem and to thrive on both deterministic noise (DN) and random noise (RN) to develop powerful cognitive computational frameworks for deep learning, towards deep thinking applications. An operative example is presented. This paper is a relevant contribution towards an effective and convenient “Science 2.0” universal computational framework to develop deeper learning and deep thinking system and application at your fingertips and beyond.
在之前的一篇论文中,我们展示并讨论了计算信息守恒理论(CICT)如何帮助我们开发甚至具有竞争力的先进量子认知计算系统。为了取得可靠的系统智能突出成果,当前计算系统建模和仿真界至少要面对和解决两个量级的建模限制。作为解决方案,我们提出了CICT的指数,前空间算法方案(“全能方案”),以克服信息双重绑定(IDB)问题,并在确定性噪声(DN)和随机噪声(RN)上茁壮成长,为深度学习开发强大的认知计算框架,走向深度思维应用。给出了一个有效的例子。本文是对一个有效、便捷的“科学2.0”通用计算框架的相关贡献,以开发触手可及的深度学习和深度思考系统和应用。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2016 IEEE 15th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)
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