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Investigation of fatty acid profiles in some economically important fish species living in Atatürk Dam Lake, Adıyaman, Türkiye <s:1> rkiye, Adıyaman, trkiye, atatatrk水坝湖几种重要经济鱼类脂肪酸谱调查
IF 1.3 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23002
Y. Yakar, A. Parmaksız, Y. Dörtbudak, N. Doğan
This study aims to deter-mine the fatty acid profile of 10 fish species (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Chondrostoma regi-um (Heckel, 1843), Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Carassius auratus (Linnae-us, 1758), Alburnus sellal (Heckel, 1843), Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843), Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843), Arabibarbus grypus (Heck-el, 1843), Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander 1794) ) caught from Atatürk Dam Lake, sold by fishermen and con-sumed by local people. Ac-cordingly, the fish species identification was made and the individuals belonging to the determined species were randomly selected and mus-cle tissue was taken from each sample for fatty acid analysis and put into tubes. Extraction of fats from muscle tissue was carried out using a chloroform-methanol solvent mixture. The methylation process of fatty acids was carried out using the TS EN ISO 12966:2 method. Analyzes were performed with Ther-mo brand Trace GC model GC with FID (Flame Ion De-tector) detector. A 60 m HP-88 column was used in the analysis. It has been deter-mined that 10 fish species contain a total of 26 differ-ent fatty acids. Palmitic acid is the major fatty acid among saturated fatty acids (SFA). Palmitic acid values vary between 18.31 % and 25.51 %. It was determined the most in C. carpio and the lowest in C. auratus. Among the mono unsaturat-ed fatty acids (MUFA), ole-ic acid is the major fatty ac-id and was found between 12.70 % and 29.77 %. It was detected at most in A. sellal with a rate of 29.77 % and in P. abu with a minimum rate of 12.70 %. Of the pol-yunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid is seen as the major fat-ty acid. It was detected at most in C. trutta with a rate of 14.24 %, and at a mini-mum in C. carpio with a rate of 0.62 %.
本研究旨在测定渔民出售和当地居民食用的10种鱼类(Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)、Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843)、Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)、carprinus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)、Alburnus sellal (Heckel, 1843)、Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)、Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)、Arabibarbus grypus (Heck-el, 1843)、Mastacembelus Mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794))的脂肪酸谱。据此,进行鱼种鉴定,随机选取属于所确定鱼种的个体,从每个样本中取出肌环组织进行脂肪酸分析,并放入管中。使用氯仿-甲醇溶剂混合物从肌肉组织中提取脂肪。脂肪酸的甲基化过程采用TS EN ISO 12966:2方法进行。分析采用thero -mo品牌痕量气相色谱模型,气相色谱带FID(火焰离子检测器)检测器。采用60 m HP-88色谱柱进行分析。已经确定,10种鱼类总共含有26种不同的脂肪酸。棕榈酸是饱和脂肪酸(SFA)中的主要脂肪酸。棕榈酸值在18.31%到25.51%之间变化。以鲫鱼最多,鲫鱼最少。在单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中,酸是主要的脂肪酸,含量在12.70% ~ 29.77%之间。其中,在沙蠓的检出率最高,为29.77%,在阿布蠓的检出率最低,为12.70%。在多元不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中,二十二碳六烯酸被认为是主要的脂肪酸。其中,特鲁菌检出率最高,为14.24%;卡皮菌检出率最低,为0.62%。
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引用次数: 0
Demographic characteristics and exploitation rate of Dormitator lebretonis (Pisces: Eleotridae: Steindachner, 1870) from four coastal lagoons of Southern Benin, West Africa 人口特征和剥削的Dormitator lebretonis(双鱼座:塘鳢科:Steindachner, 1870)从四个南部沿海泻湖贝宁、西非
IF 1.3 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23010
P. Sonon, Rachad Sidi Imorou, Nambil Adjibade, Hamidou Arame, A. Adite
Dormitator lebretonis (Pisces: Eleotridae) is the dominant eleotrid in the Benin coastal waters, where this species constitutes an important fisheries component. The current fisheries survey investigates demographic parameters and the exploitation of D. lebretonis from the Benin coastal waters to contribute to species conservation and sustainable use. Individuals of D. lebretonis have been sampled monthly for 18 months at four locations in the Benin coastal waters. Overall, D. lebretonis showed moderate asymptotic length (L∞) ranging between 11.55-12.08 cm. The growth rate (K) ranged between 0.74yr-1 and 3.1yr-1. The species exhibited moderate longevity ranging between 0.968 and 4.054 years. The growth performance index (φ’) varied between 1.994-2.617, indicating that D. lebretonis is a relatively slow-growing eleotrid. Annual mortalities dominate population growth (Z/K>1), and lengths at first capture (3.80≤L50≤5.05cm) indicated that D. lebretonis was exploited at immature stages. Nevertheless, the exploitation rate (E) was under 0.5, showing the stock was underexploited. The species showed two peaks of recruitment, except in Lake Ahémé. Sustainable exploitation of D. lebretonis in the coastal waters requires a holistic management scheme that should include fisheries regulation enforcement, spawning ground protection, ecosystem restoration, and follow-up.
宿舍鱼(双鱼座:宿舍鱼科)是贝宁沿海水域的主要宿舍鱼,是该地渔业的重要组成部分。目前的渔业调查调查了贝宁沿海水域的人口参数和lebretonis的开发,以促进物种保护和可持续利用。18个月来,在贝宁沿海水域的四个地点每月对lebretonis进行取样。总体而言,白齿蛙的渐近长度(L∞)在11.55 ~ 12.08 cm之间。生长速率(K)在0.74 ~ 3.1之间。平均寿命为0.968 ~ 4.054年。生长性能指数(φ’)在1.994 ~ 2.617之间变化,表明小白草属生长较慢的电栖植物。年死亡率在种群增长中占主导地位(Z/K>1),首次捕获长度(3.80≤L50≤5.05cm)表明,小叶棘豆在未成熟阶段就被利用。然而,开采率(E)低于0.5,表明该种群未被充分开发。除了在ahsamuise湖外,该物种有两个繁殖高峰。沿海水域的可持续开发需要一个整体的管理方案,包括渔业法规的执行、产卵地的保护、生态系统的恢复和后续行动。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing eutrophication vulnerability in Köyceğiz Lake: Climate change and basin developments impact trophic status 评估Köyceğiz湖泊富营养化脆弱性:气候变化和流域发展对营养状况的影响
IF 1.3 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23020
Elif Atasoy Aytış, E. Soyer, A. Ertürk
This study investigated the potential for eutrophication in Köyceğiz Lake, one of Türkiye's most important and sensitive ecosystems. We developed a simple steady-state eutrophication model system using a phosphorus mass balance model for the lake, utilising open-access data from the literature as input. The model was calibrated and validated, with a specific focus on the eutrophic state of Köyceğiz Lake, and it demonstrated good responsiveness to future predictions. Our findings revealed that both the epilimnion (TSI (TP) 56) and hypolimnion (TSI (TP) 70) of Köyceğiz Lake are eutrophic. Considering climate change impacts and developments in the basin, we conducted projections to determine the lake's trophic status between 2035 and 2095. By 2035, a 65% decrease in freshwater inflow and a 4% increase in total TP load will lead to a hypertrophic status, which will persist and gradually worsen to a severe trophic situation by 2095.
本研究调查了 rkiye最重要和最敏感的生态系统之一Köyceğiz湖的富营养化潜力。我们开发了一个简单的稳态富营养化模型系统,使用湖泊的磷质量平衡模型,利用文献中的开放获取数据作为输入。该模型经过校准和验证,特别关注Köyceğiz湖的富营养化状态,并显示出对未来预测的良好响应性。结果表明:Köyceğiz湖的咸水(TSI (TP) 56)和低咸水(TSI (TP) 70)都是富营养化的。考虑到气候变化的影响和流域的发展,我们对2035 - 2095年的湖泊营养状况进行了预测。到2035年,淡水流入减少65%,总磷负荷增加4%,将导致肥厚状态,到2095年将持续并逐渐恶化为严重营养状况。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792) (Aulopidae) in the Turkish Aegean Sea (Sığacık Bay, E. Mediterranean) 土耳其爱琴海(Sığacık湾,地中海东部)丝状栉蝗(栉蝗科)的分布
IF 1.3 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23021
O. Akyol
Three specimens of A. filamentosus were captured by recreational anglers off Sığacık Bay, Izmir, at a depth of 220 m on 22 March 2023. The total length of these specimens was between 255 and 310 mm. Thus, the certain record number has reached at least twenty specimens in the Turkish seas. This paper presents the fifth confirmed record of A. filamentosus from the southeastern Aegean Sea. Though the sporadic occurrences of this species in the Aegean Sea do not indicate an established population for the time being, it signs that it is becoming abundant.
2023年3月22日,在伊兹密尔Sığacık湾220米深处,钓鱼者捕获了3只丝纹沙蚤标本。这些标本的总长度在255 ~ 310 mm之间。因此,在土耳其海域的特定记录数量已达到至少20个标本。本文报道了爱琴海东南部第5个已证实的丝状假单胞虫记录。虽然这一物种在爱琴海的零星出现暂时并不表明一个固定的种群,但它表明它正在变得丰富。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomy and histological evaluation of the reproductive system of marine calanoid copepod Centropages furcatus from a mass culture perspective 从大众文化的角度对海洋花椰菜类桡足动物生殖系统的解剖和组织学评价
Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23022
M. Asrar Sheriff, Vijayaraj Radha, Kareem Altaff
Marine finfish culture is a priority area for future human food security. Although many marine finfish species have been domesticated and successful breeding and spawning in captive conditions are achieved, the larval rearing from hatchling to fingerling stage to the desired level is yet to be achieved. One of the essential impediment factors in this process is the availability of suitable live feed for the finfish larvae. The traditional live feeds (Artemia nauplii and rotifers) must be more adequate in size spectrum and nutritive value to many marine finfish larvae. In nature, copepod nauplii, copepodite stages, and adults constitute the preferred food of marine finfish larvae. Copepod size spectrum, nutritive value and swimming movements make them ideal live prey items for fish larvae. Nevertheless, the high-density culture of copepods is challenging due to their sexual reproduction and high species-specific variability. Further, adequate knowledge of the candidate species' food and feeding habits, reproductive biology, and life cycle strategies should exist. With this objective present study describes the female and male reproductive system, oogenesis and spermatogenesis, egg production, and reproductive potential of a candidate calanoid copepod species, Centropages furcatus. This basic information will help develop mass culture protocol for this species.
海洋鱼类养殖是未来人类粮食安全的优先领域。虽然许多海洋鱼类已经被驯化,并在圈养条件下成功繁殖和产卵,但从幼体到鱼种阶段的幼虫饲养尚未达到预期水平。在这一过程中,一个重要的阻碍因素是是否有合适的活饲料供鱼仔鱼食用。传统的活饲料(黄花蒿和轮虫)必须在尺寸谱和营养价值上更适合许多海洋鱼类幼虫。在自然界中,桡足幼体、桡足幼体和成体是海洋鱼类幼体的首选食物。桡足动物的体型、营养价值和游动能力使它们成为鱼类幼虫的理想猎物。然而,由于桡足类的有性繁殖和高度的物种特异性变异,高密度的培养是具有挑战性的。此外,还应充分了解候选物种的食物和摄食习性、生殖生物学和生命周期策略。本研究描述了一种候选的花萼类桡足动物Centropages furcatus的雌性和雄性生殖系统、卵子发生和精子发生、产卵和生殖潜力。这些基本信息将有助于制定该物种的大众培养方案。
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引用次数: 0
The first report and a new host record of leech fish, Trachelobdella lubrica (Grube, 1840) infecting the gills of Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Bejaia, Algeria 阿尔及利亚贝加亚湾水蛭(Trachelobdella luica, Grube, 1840)感染Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)鳃的首次报道和新宿主记录
Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23026
Souhila Ramdani
This study is to be the first report and new host record of segmented worms in the family Piscicolidae, Trachelobdella lubrica parasitizing Sparus aurata off the coasts of Algeria. Sparus aurata constitutes new host record for Trachelobdella lubrica. 05 specimens of Sparus aurata were examined for their leech parasites. A single specimen of leech species was recovered from the gills of Sparus aurata. Typical characters allowed us to classify the leech as Trachelobdella lubrica.
本研究是阿尔及利亚沿海首次报道和新记录的寄生于光Sparus aurata的Piscicolidae, Trachelobdella luica节段蠕虫。光斑Sparus aurata是绿斑蝽的新寄主记录。对5份中华Sparus aurata标本进行了水蛭寄生检查。从光斑Sparus aurata的鳃中发现了一种水蛭标本。典型的特征使我们能够将水蛭归类为水蛭。
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引用次数: 0
Phytoplankton communities of two floodplain lakes of the Dibru Saikhowa biosphere reserve, Tinsukia, Assam (Northeast India): Ecology, richness, and abundance 印度东北部阿萨姆邦Tinsukia Dibru Saikhowa生物圈保护区两个漫滩湖的浮游植物群落:生态、丰富度和丰度
Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23025
Nogen Noroh, Kensibo Pamai, Mrinal Hatimuria
Phytoplankton communities of Dibru Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve (DSBR) beels were studied from October 2013 to September 2015 in two floodplain lakes (beels), namely Maghuri beel and No.11 beel in Tinsukia district, upper Assam, Northeast India. Phytoplankton reveal a richness of (61 species) belonging to five groups: Chlorophyta (35 species) > Bacillariophyta (13 species) > Euglenophyta (7 species) > Cyanophyta (5 species) > Dinophyta (1). The monthly phytoplankton richness indicated 13–32 (25 ±6) species) and 21–39 (30 ±5) and with distinct species importance of Chlorophyta (5-17) 12 ±4 and (10-24) 15 ±3 species in Maghuri beel and No.11 beel respectively. Phytoplankton abundance ranged between 162 ±157 n/L and 138 ±39 n/L and comprised a sub-dominant component of net plankton, i.e., between 39.7 ±15.8% and 41.0 ±9.9% in Maghuri beel and No.11 beel respectively. Seventeen abiotic factors recorded relatively limited influence on the phytoplankton richness and abundance of the sampled bells. The canonical correspondence analysis asserted higher cumulative influence along the first two axes of 17 abiotic factors on phytoplankton assemblages of Maghuri beel (76.46%) than in No.11 beel (61.73%) beels.
2013年10月至2015年9月,在印度东北部上阿萨姆邦Tinsukia地区的Maghuri和No.11两个漫滩湖(beels)对Dibru Saikhowa生物圈保护区(DSBR)的beels浮游植物群落进行了研究。浮游植物丰富度为5个类群(61种):绿藻(35种);硅藻门(13种);裸藻类植物(7种);蓝藻(5种);浮游植物的月丰度分别为13-32(25±6)种和21-39(30±5)种,绿藻的月丰度分别为(5-17)12±4种和(10-24)15±3种。浮游植物丰度在162±157 n/L ~ 138±39 n/L之间,占净浮游生物的次优势成分,分别为39.7±15.8% ~ 41.0±9.9%。17个非生物因子对浮游植物丰富度和钟形标本丰度的影响相对有限。典型对应分析表明,17个非生物因子对Maghuri鞋跟浮游植物群落的前两轴累积影响(76.46%)高于11号鞋跟(61.73%)。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) living in Great Zab (Erbil, Iraq) 伊拉克大扎布(埃尔比勒)地区阿拉伯barbus grypus (Heckel, 1843)线粒体DNA序列分析
IF 1.3 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23003
A. Parmaksız
Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843), which naturally lives in the Euphrates and Tigris River systems and is endemic, is an economically important fish species consumed by humans. Since the population of this species, which is hunted by both fishermen and local peo-ple, is decreasing day by day, its genetic characteristics need to be determined. This study aims to determine the genetic characteristics of A. grypus samples living in Great Zab based on sequence analysis of mtDNA cyt b and mtDNA d loop gene regions. Total DNA isolation was performed from muscle tissue using the kit. Then, Polymerase Chain Reac-tion was applied through spe-cific primers to mtDNA cyt b and mtDNA d loop gene re-gions, and the target regions were amplified. The products with the target length were sent to the commercial firm and sequence analysis was per-formed. Regarding these spec-imens living in Great Zab, two haplotypes were determined for the mtDNA cyt b gene re-gion and five haplotypes for the mtDNA d loop gene re-gion. These haplotypes were compared with the haplotypes in the gene bank and the re-sults were evaluated. Some important data has been ob-tained regarding the conserva-tion and management of this fish species. Since three new haplotypes were detected for the d loop region in this stud-ied locality, it is important to include the samples in this lo-cality in conservation studies.
Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843)自然生长于幼发拉底河和底格里斯河水系,是当地特有的鱼类,是人类消费的重要经济鱼类。由于这种被渔民和当地人捕杀的物种的数量正在日益减少,因此需要确定其遗传特征。本研究旨在通过mtDNA cyt b和mtDNA d环基因区域的序列分析,确定生活在大扎布地区的斑竹样本的遗传特征。使用该试剂盒从肌肉组织中分离总DNA。然后,通过特异性引物对mtDNA cyt b和mtDNA d环基因区域进行聚合酶链反应,扩增目标区域。将目标长度的产品送到商业公司进行序列分析。对于生活在Great Zab地区的这些标本,鉴定出mtDNA cyt b基因区域的2个单倍型和mtDNA d环基因区域的5个单倍型。将这些单倍型与基因库中的单倍型进行比较并对结果进行评价。关于该鱼类的保护和管理已经获得了一些重要的数据。由于在该研究地点的d环区检测到三个新的单倍型,因此在保护研究中纳入该低区域的样本是重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal and spatial variations of pelagic microbial water quality in a coastal river-wetland area in a temperate climate zone 温带气候区滨海河流湿地中上层微生物水质时空变化
IF 1.3 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23018
B. Taş, Halim Topaldemir, F. Ustaoğlu, Z. Kolören
The introduction of anthropogenic pollutant loads into wetlands rapidly deteriorates water quality. This study was conducted in the Miliç River, a region with intense agricultural activities and coastal wetland characteristics. The Miliç wetland (fluvial wetland) is a receiving environment where the Terme Plain's drainage waters and the scattered settlements' waters are collected before they are poured into the Black Sea. In the study, monthly surface water samples were taken from four different sampling points of the Miliç River in the temperate climate zone, and total coliform, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens contamination from fecal indicators were investigated. Microbiological analyses were performed using standard methods with membrane filtration. The average colony count of the water samples at different stations in the Miliç River was determined as 2022 CFU/100 mL, 455 CFU/100 mL, and 34 CFU/100 mL for total coliform, E. coli, and C. perfringens, respectively. The highest fecal pollution was recorded during the rainy seasons (winter>autumn>spring>summer). In the correlation between stations and seasons, the highest correlation was determined for E. coli in winter (r= 0.985, p<0.05) and for C. perfringens in autumn (r=0.958, p<0.05). Analysis results show that there is fecal pollution in Miliç coastal wetlands. According to the bacteriological parameters in the Surface Water Quality Regulation, wetland water ranks II in total coliform bacteria count. The class is of water quality (slightly contaminated water). Regarding this parameter, the ecological status of the river-wetland is in the “good” water class. In terms of microbiological water quality, the Miliç River has values that are not very polluted but under the pressure of pollution. In order not to increase the level of fecal contamination, direct mixing of domestic waste/ wastewater, animal manures, industrial wastewater/rainwater channels, and drainage channels from settlements and agricultural areas in the wetland basin should be prevented, and the public should be made aware of the necessary precautions to be taken.
人为污染物负荷的引入使湿地水质迅速恶化。本研究以Miliç河为研究对象,这是一个农业活动密集、具有滨海湿地特征的地区。Miliç湿地(河流湿地)是一个接收环境,在这里收集特尔梅平原的排水和分散的定居点的水,然后将它们倒入黑海。本研究每月在温带Miliç河4个不同采样点采集地表水样本,调查粪便指标对总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌的污染情况。微生物学分析采用膜过滤标准方法进行。Miliç河不同站点水样中总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和产气荚膜杆菌的平均菌落数分别为2022 CFU/100 mL、455 CFU/100 mL和34 CFU/100 mL。在雨季(冬季、秋季、春季、夏季)粪便污染最高。气象站与季节的相关性中,大肠杆菌在冬季的相关性最高(r= 0.985, p<0.05),产气荚膜荚膜杆菌在秋季的相关性最高(r=0.958, p<0.05)。分析结果表明Miliç滨海湿地存在粪便污染。根据《地表水水质条例》的细菌学参数,湿地水体大肠菌群总数排名第二。该等级为水质级(轻度污染水)。在此参数下,河流湿地的生态状况为“良好”水类。在微生物水质方面,Miliç河的污染不是很严重,但受到污染的压力。为了不增加粪便污染的程度,应防止将居住废物/废水、动物粪便、工业废水/雨水渠道,以及来自居民点和农业区的排水渠道直接混合在湿地盆地内,并应告知公众应采取的必要预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of the maritime accident in the Aegean Sea Turkish search and rescue region 调查在爱琴海土耳其搜救区域的海上事故
IF 1.3 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3153/ar23009
The Aegean Sea is risky for marine accidents due to its geography and dense vessel traffic. Revealing the patterns of marine accidents in the region is essential for preventing such accidents in the future. With this motivation, this study analyzes the data on maritime accidents in the Aegean Sea Turkish Search and Rescue Region. For this purpose, the descriptive analysis of the 576 marine accidents in the region between 2001 and 2020 was accomplished. Moreover, by applying hypothesis tests, the relationships between the factors that affect the occurrence of marine accidents were investigated. As a result, the most common contributing factors to the event of accidents were revealed. The relationships between the variables of the data set were determined. Accordingly, the type of ship with the most accident are yacht/recreational boat. Hull/machinery failure is the most common type of accident, and summer is the most frequent season for maritime accidents. It was revealed that there are significant relationships between the variables such as the type of accident, the sub-region where the accident occurred, the time of the accident, and the ship type. Finally, deficiencies were evaluated, and suggestions were made for more effective investigation and prevention of accidents.
由于其地理位置和密集的船舶交通,爱琴海很容易发生海上事故。揭示该区域海上事故的模式对于今后防止此类事故至关重要。基于这一动机,本研究对爱琴海土耳其搜救区的海上事故数据进行了分析。为此,对2001年至2020年该地区发生的576起海上事故进行了描述性分析。此外,通过假设检验,探讨了影响海上事故发生的因素之间的关系。结果,揭示了导致事故发生的最常见因素。确定了数据集各变量之间的关系。因此,发生事故最多的船型是游艇/游船。船体/机械故障是最常见的事故类型,夏季是海上事故发生最频繁的季节。结果表明,事故类型、事故发生的子区域、事故发生时间和船舶类型等变量之间存在显著的相关关系。最后,对存在的不足进行了评价,并提出了建议,以便更有效地调查和预防事故。
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引用次数: 0
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International Aquatic Research
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