Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1928726.1156
Yasuhisa Kobayashi, Takamasa Morishita, H. Chuda
Commercially significant groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites. Since their sex change from female (ovary) to male (testis) occurred in a larger size and older age, capturing or maintaining males in the aquaculture farm is very difficult. In the present study, juvenile longthooth groupers (2+ years old) were implanted with two doses of 17alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) cholesterol pellet (2 mg or 5 mg MT kg-1 BW) for the induction of artificial sex reversal. Individuals were sampled at 30 and 80 days after treatment. All the control group fish had immature ovaries contained with primary oocytes and germ cells. Fish treated with MT for 30 days had sex-transitional gonad consisted of few primary oocytes and testicular tissues. By using immunohistochemistry, we identified the proliferating and apoptotic cells in the gonad of this sexual stage. After 80 days for MT treatment, gonads of all individuals were filled with germ cells at all stages of spermatogenesis, and the newly formed efferent duct contained active spermatozoa. Since sperm motility was confirmed, MT treatment successfully induced functional sex reversal in pre-pubertal longtooth grouper. This method may dramatically reduce the cost and time required for the production of longtooth grouper.
{"title":"Effect of synthetic androgen treatment on the gonad of juvenile longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus)","authors":"Yasuhisa Kobayashi, Takamasa Morishita, H. Chuda","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1928726.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1928726.1156","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially significant groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites. Since their sex change from female (ovary) to male (testis) occurred in a larger size and older age, capturing or maintaining males in the aquaculture farm is very difficult. In the present study, juvenile longthooth groupers (2+ years old) were implanted with two doses of 17alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) cholesterol pellet (2 mg or 5 mg MT kg-1 BW) for the induction of artificial sex reversal. Individuals were sampled at 30 and 80 days after treatment. All the control group fish had immature ovaries contained with primary oocytes and germ cells. Fish treated with MT for 30 days had sex-transitional gonad consisted of few primary oocytes and testicular tissues. By using immunohistochemistry, we identified the proliferating and apoptotic cells in the gonad of this sexual stage. After 80 days for MT treatment, gonads of all individuals were filled with germ cells at all stages of spermatogenesis, and the newly formed efferent duct contained active spermatozoa. Since sperm motility was confirmed, MT treatment successfully induced functional sex reversal in pre-pubertal longtooth grouper. This method may dramatically reduce the cost and time required for the production of longtooth grouper.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43693325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1923096.1136
Kermi-u Tariang, Kitboklang Khongsti, B. Das
Heavy metal contaminations may have devastating effects on the ecological balance of the environment and diversity of aquatic organisms. Furthermore, they cause great threat to the Indian aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we analyzed the effect of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) on the blood glucose level and their possible involvement in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in liver and muscle tissues of Heteropneustes fossilis. The catfish, H. fossilis, were exposed to an acute (35.09 ppm As2O3 and 66.20 ppm PbCl2 for ~96 h) and chronic (LC50/20th ppm of both As2O3 and PbCl2 for ~30 d) concentration of As and Pb. Thereafter, the blood glucose level and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) expression level in liver and muscle tissues of the fish were analyzed. It was found that As and Pb caused hyperglycemia in H. fossilis. Both on acute and chronic treatment with As and Pb, no significant change in p-ERK1/2 expression level was found in the muscle tissue of H. fossilis, whereas, in the liver tissue, the p-ERK1/2 expression level showed a significant increase in both acute (96 h) and chronic treatment (10 d and 30 d) of As and Pb. Therefore, it can be concluded that As and Pb could be highly toxic to the aquatic fauna, which could be a potential threat to human health as well.
{"title":"Effect of arsenic and lead on glucose level and expression of ERK in air-breathing catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis","authors":"Kermi-u Tariang, Kitboklang Khongsti, B. Das","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1923096.1136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1923096.1136","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contaminations may have devastating effects on the ecological balance of the environment and diversity of aquatic organisms. Furthermore, they cause great threat to the Indian aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we analyzed the effect of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) on the blood glucose level and their possible involvement in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in liver and muscle tissues of Heteropneustes fossilis. The catfish, H. fossilis, were exposed to an acute (35.09 ppm As2O3 and 66.20 ppm PbCl2 for ~96 h) and chronic (LC50/20th ppm of both As2O3 and PbCl2 for ~30 d) concentration of As and Pb. Thereafter, the blood glucose level and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) expression level in liver and muscle tissues of the fish were analyzed. It was found that As and Pb caused hyperglycemia in H. fossilis. Both on acute and chronic treatment with As and Pb, no significant change in p-ERK1/2 expression level was found in the muscle tissue of H. fossilis, whereas, in the liver tissue, the p-ERK1/2 expression level showed a significant increase in both acute (96 h) and chronic treatment (10 d and 30 d) of As and Pb. Therefore, it can be concluded that As and Pb could be highly toxic to the aquatic fauna, which could be a potential threat to human health as well.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41620371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.682480
M. Haghi, M. Mohseni, M. Ghane
Changes in the expression of liver insulin-like growth factor IGF-I mRNA in two growing cold-water fish species Oncorhynchusmykiss(one from locally produced and one from imported broodstock) and in two warm-water species, Hypophthalmichthysnobilis and Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix were analyzed. Gene expression analysis in liver tissues by using real-time PCR revealed a significant difference in expression level of IGF-I between native and non-native rainbow trout (P bighead carp> silver carp> native rainbow trout. Local strains of rainbow trout, bighead carp and silver carp exhibited stable IGF-I mRNA levels, at different stages of growth. The imported broodstock of rainbow trout exhibited increased IGF-I levels during the entire period studied, with a peak in the IGF-I mRNA levels of fingerlings. The results indicate intra- and inter-specific variability of IGF-I expression in farmed fish.
{"title":"Intra- and inter-specific variability of IGF-I expression in farmed cold and warm-water species in Iran","authors":"M. Haghi, M. Mohseni, M. Ghane","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.682480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.682480","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the expression of liver insulin-like growth factor IGF-I mRNA in two growing cold-water fish species Oncorhynchusmykiss(one from locally produced and one from imported broodstock) and in two warm-water species, Hypophthalmichthysnobilis and Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix were analyzed. Gene expression analysis in liver tissues by using real-time PCR revealed a significant difference in expression level of IGF-I between native and non-native rainbow trout (P bighead carp> silver carp> native rainbow trout. Local strains of rainbow trout, bighead carp and silver carp exhibited stable IGF-I mRNA levels, at different stages of growth. The imported broodstock of rainbow trout exhibited increased IGF-I levels during the entire period studied, with a peak in the IGF-I mRNA levels of fingerlings. The results indicate intra- and inter-specific variability of IGF-I expression in farmed fish.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1924489.1140
Nadirah Musa, C-F Low, H. Ramli, M. Manaf, Kok Leong Lee, S. Tan, A. S. Aznan, N. Musa
Many aquatic species are vulnerable to warming water temperatures. Nonetheless, data on the physiological impact of global warming on cultured freshwater fish species are limited compared to marine species. This study investigated the effect of heat stress on oxidative stress response in red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis spp. (total length 37.0 ± 3.2 cm, body weight 500.0 ± 15.0 g). Fish were assigned randomly and exposed to gradual increment of water temperature (1°C. 8 h-1) from 28 to 31°C in aerated and thermoregulated fibreglass tanks for 2 weeks. Oxidative stress response was determined based on malondialdehyde levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthathione s-transferase in the muscle, liver and kidney on day 1, 7 and 14. The heat-stressed group showed significantly increased malondialdehyde levels in the muscle, liver and kidney in parallel to the exposure period. The highest malondialdehyde level was observed in the liver tissue. Activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased in the muscle over the course of the exposure period, in contrast to liver and kidney. Catalase activity was significantly higher in the muscle and liver, while gluthathione s-transferase activity was significantly increased in the muscle and liver but decreased in the kidney. The level of malondialdehyde strongly correlated with superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthathione s-transferase activities in the liver compared with the muscle and kidney. Microscopic examination of liver showed congestion and hepatocytes with karyorrhexis indicating progress of necrosis. Our results suggest that liver is more susceptible to heat stress-induced oxidative damage compared with muscle and kidney. Red hybrid tilapia showed narrow upper thermal tolerance, implicating high vulnerability to the rise in water temperature.
{"title":"Prominent vulnerability of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) liver to heat stress-induced oxidative damage","authors":"Nadirah Musa, C-F Low, H. Ramli, M. Manaf, Kok Leong Lee, S. Tan, A. S. Aznan, N. Musa","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1924489.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1924489.1140","url":null,"abstract":"Many aquatic species are vulnerable to warming water temperatures. Nonetheless, data on the physiological impact of global warming on cultured freshwater fish species are limited compared to marine species. This study investigated the effect of heat stress on oxidative stress response in red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis spp. (total length 37.0 ± 3.2 cm, body weight 500.0 ± 15.0 g). Fish were assigned randomly and exposed to gradual increment of water temperature (1°C. 8 h-1) from 28 to 31°C in aerated and thermoregulated fibreglass tanks for 2 weeks. Oxidative stress response was determined based on malondialdehyde levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthathione s-transferase in the muscle, liver and kidney on day 1, 7 and 14. The heat-stressed group showed significantly increased malondialdehyde levels in the muscle, liver and kidney in parallel to the exposure period. The highest malondialdehyde level was observed in the liver tissue. Activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased in the muscle over the course of the exposure period, in contrast to liver and kidney. Catalase activity was significantly higher in the muscle and liver, while gluthathione s-transferase activity was significantly increased in the muscle and liver but decreased in the kidney. The level of malondialdehyde strongly correlated with superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthathione s-transferase activities in the liver compared with the muscle and kidney. Microscopic examination of liver showed congestion and hepatocytes with karyorrhexis indicating progress of necrosis. Our results suggest that liver is more susceptible to heat stress-induced oxidative damage compared with muscle and kidney. Red hybrid tilapia showed narrow upper thermal tolerance, implicating high vulnerability to the rise in water temperature.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1916978.1119
Peiqi Hong, Shengjian Jiang, S. Katayama
The marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae) is a widely distributed, economically important demersal species in Japan. A study into the growth of marbled flounder in six sampling areas around Japan also found significant differences in otolith nucleus size (diameter of otolith opaque core area) among areas, warm areas showed the bigger nucleus size of otolith, and cold areas showed the smaller size. Based on the physical environmental factors, it was suggested that water temperature affected the nucleus size among these sampling areas. To investigate the factors that influenced the formation of opaque and translucent zones in otolith nucleus, we conducted a rearing experiment using juvenile fish at 122 days post hatch (dph). Fish were reared at salinity of 33 ‰ and different water temperatures (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃) from 138 to 213 dph. The otolith growth was correlated positively to water temperature. We also measured the relative greyscale values of the opaque and translucent zones during the period of rearing experiment in each otolith, which showed a negative correlation with water temperature. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between water temperature and otolith formation. The otolith of the marbled flounder will grow larger and have a higher matrix density at higher water temperatures.
{"title":"Experimental study on the influence of water temperature on the otolith formation of the marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)","authors":"Peiqi Hong, Shengjian Jiang, S. Katayama","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1916978.1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1916978.1119","url":null,"abstract":"The marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae) is a widely distributed, economically important demersal species in Japan. A study into the growth of marbled flounder in six sampling areas around Japan also found significant differences in otolith nucleus size (diameter of otolith opaque core area) among areas, warm areas showed the bigger nucleus size of otolith, and cold areas showed the smaller size. Based on the physical environmental factors, it was suggested that water temperature affected the nucleus size among these sampling areas. To investigate the factors that influenced the formation of opaque and translucent zones in otolith nucleus, we conducted a rearing experiment using juvenile fish at 122 days post hatch (dph). Fish were reared at salinity of 33 ‰ and different water temperatures (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃) from 138 to 213 dph. The otolith growth was correlated positively to water temperature. We also measured the relative greyscale values of the opaque and translucent zones during the period of rearing experiment in each otolith, which showed a negative correlation with water temperature. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between water temperature and otolith formation. The otolith of the marbled flounder will grow larger and have a higher matrix density at higher water temperatures.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46121291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1920885.1129
M. Naiel, M. Elnakeeb, L. Vasilyeva, N. Sudakova, A. Anokhina, A. Gewida, Mahmoud S. Amer
In the wild, overfishing, habitat loss, industrial and agriculture activity has led to the degradation of freshwater habitats and, therefore, dramatically declines the Mississippi paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) stocks (Stone 2007). Paddlefish gain a growing commercial interest in the USSR/Russian Federation due to its ability to produce high-quality caviar. Also, it can be reared in polyculture ponds and a wide range of temperate reservoirs. Therefore, aquaculture of these valuable fish is necessary to meet consumer demand in Eastern European markets with flesh and caviar. Published information about the culture of paddlefish in the USSR/Russian Federation is scarce and not permanently available. Regarding our study, data were collected from English reports and translated Russian official statistics and studies. Also, FAO fisheries data from 1880 up to 2010 for paddlefish were included. Moreover, caviar production data and prices were surveyed from companies. The collected data could briefly represent the historical and current status of paddlefish aquaculture and provide insight into the expected future production in the Russian Federation. Besides, it investigates the drawbacks of paddlefish aquaculture development and the potential challenges in Russian territories. Also, it discusses potential impacts related to the preservation of the breeding stocks, population naturalization and invasiveness of the species in the southern parts of Russia (i.e., in the Volga‐Caspian basin): Saratov, Rostov, Astrakhan Oblast and Krasnodar regions. Furthermore, this review aimed to gather the available data and the latest final findings that may address the welfare of paddlefish data to fill the knowledge gap towards improving the management of this species. In addition, future development prospects can be supported by government oversight through accurate accounting and financing for private farm activity.
{"title":"Paddlefish, Polyodon spathula: Historical, current status and future aquaculture prospects in Russia","authors":"M. Naiel, M. Elnakeeb, L. Vasilyeva, N. Sudakova, A. Anokhina, A. Gewida, Mahmoud S. Amer","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1920885.1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1920885.1129","url":null,"abstract":"In the wild, overfishing, habitat loss, industrial and agriculture activity has led to the degradation of freshwater habitats and, therefore, dramatically declines the Mississippi paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) stocks (Stone 2007). Paddlefish gain a growing commercial interest in the USSR/Russian Federation due to its ability to produce high-quality caviar. Also, it can be reared in polyculture ponds and a wide range of temperate reservoirs. Therefore, aquaculture of these valuable fish is necessary to meet consumer demand in Eastern European markets with flesh and caviar. Published information about the culture of paddlefish in the USSR/Russian Federation is scarce and not permanently available. Regarding our study, data were collected from English reports and translated Russian official statistics and studies. Also, FAO fisheries data from 1880 up to 2010 for paddlefish were included. Moreover, caviar production data and prices were surveyed from companies. The collected data could briefly represent the historical and current status of paddlefish aquaculture and provide insight into the expected future production in the Russian Federation. Besides, it investigates the drawbacks of paddlefish aquaculture development and the potential challenges in Russian territories. Also, it discusses potential impacts related to the preservation of the breeding stocks, population naturalization and invasiveness of the species in the southern parts of Russia (i.e., in the Volga‐Caspian basin): Saratov, Rostov, Astrakhan Oblast and Krasnodar regions. Furthermore, this review aimed to gather the available data and the latest final findings that may address the welfare of paddlefish data to fill the knowledge gap towards improving the management of this species. In addition, future development prospects can be supported by government oversight through accurate accounting and financing for private farm activity.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"89-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44571460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1921416.1130
Mahbubul Hassan, I. Hoshan, Mst Antara Masuda, I. Parvez, N. W. Rasdi, C. Roy
Sperm activation and short-term storage have important implications in breeding programs. Although silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, is an important aquaculture species in South Asia, information on sperm biology and storage is limited. The study aims to test the efficacy of NaCl solutions for activation and short-term storage of silver carp sperm. We found that the motility of silver carp sperm lasted for 45 sec after activation in distilled water. Sperm motility was higher within the first 10 sec of sperm activation, but sperm movement decreased with increasing activation time. When sperm was suspended a graded dilution of NaCl solutions (17 mM to 188 mM), sperm was immobilized at 154mM NaCl (287 mOsmol kg–1). The efficacy of sperm immobilizing solutions was validated during short-term storage at 4°C. A total of 7.1 ± 3.1% sperm was motile in 154 mM NaCl after 5 days of storage. Sperm motility lasted up to 2 days when sperm diluted in 103, 120, 171 and 188 mM NaCl solutions. The osmotic balance between seminal plasma and NaCl solution prepared at 154 mM prevented sperm activation and provided a suitable media for short-term storage. A 154 mM NaCl solution can be used for sperm collection and short-term storage of silver carp sperm.
精子的激活和短期储存在育种计划中具有重要意义。尽管鲢鱼是南亚重要的水产养殖物种，但有关精子生物学和储存的信息有限。本研究旨在测试NaCl溶液对鲢鱼精子的活化和短期储存的效果。我们发现，鲢鱼精子在蒸馏水中活化后，其活力持续45秒。精子活动性在精子激活的前10秒内较高，但随着激活时间的增加，精子活动性降低。当精子悬浮在NaCl溶液的分级稀释液（17 mM至188 mM）中时，精子固定在154 mM NaCl（287 mOsmol kg–1）中。精子固定溶液的功效在4°C下短期储存期间得到验证。储存5天后，共有7.1±3.1%的精子在154mM NaCl中活动。当精子在103、120、171和188 mM NaCl溶液中稀释时，精子活力可持续2天。精浆和以154mM制备的NaCl溶液之间的渗透平衡防止了精子活化，并为短期储存提供了合适的培养基。154mM NaCl溶液可用于精子收集和鲢鱼精子的短期储存。
{"title":"Motility activation and short-term storage of silver carp, Hypopthalmichthys molitrix, sperm","authors":"Mahbubul Hassan, I. Hoshan, Mst Antara Masuda, I. Parvez, N. W. Rasdi, C. Roy","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1921416.1130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1921416.1130","url":null,"abstract":"Sperm activation and short-term storage have important implications in breeding programs. Although silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, is an important aquaculture species in South Asia, information on sperm biology and storage is limited. The study aims to test the efficacy of NaCl solutions for activation and short-term storage of silver carp sperm. We found that the motility of silver carp sperm lasted for 45 sec after activation in distilled water. Sperm motility was higher within the first 10 sec of sperm activation, but sperm movement decreased with increasing activation time. When sperm was suspended a graded dilution of NaCl solutions (17 mM to 188 mM), sperm was immobilized at 154mM NaCl (287 mOsmol kg–1). The efficacy of sperm immobilizing solutions was validated during short-term storage at 4°C. A total of 7.1 ± 3.1% sperm was motile in 154 mM NaCl after 5 days of storage. Sperm motility lasted up to 2 days when sperm diluted in 103, 120, 171 and 188 mM NaCl solutions. The osmotic balance between seminal plasma and NaCl solution prepared at 154 mM prevented sperm activation and provided a suitable media for short-term storage. A 154 mM NaCl solution can be used for sperm collection and short-term storage of silver carp sperm.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43739719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1926852.1151
Yusuf Bozkurt, İ. Yavaş
The supplementation of extenders with PUFAs has not been investigated in fish by now. Thus, the present study examined whether different levels of docosahexaenoic (DHA), which is the predominat PUFAs in sperm plasma membrane, in Tris-glucose based extender could increase the quality and fertilizing ability of brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) sperm following cryopreservation were evaluated. Sperm samples diluted (1:10) with the base extender were supplemented with 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ng mL-1 concentrations of DHA. In the control group, sperm was diluted in the base extender, without DHA. Following dilution, the sperm was aspirated into 0.25 mL straws, frozen 3 cm above of the liquid nitrogen (LN2) surface, and plunged directly into the LN2. Based on the results, increasing of DHA supplementations in the Tris-glucose based extender improved post-thaw progressive motility, progressive duration of motility, viability, and fertility compared to the control group (p <0.05). Additionally, the results indicated that supplementation of 7.5 ng mL-1 of DHA significantly exhibited the best cryoprotective effect in terms of progressive motility (62.4±1.73%), progressive duration of motility (46.8±1.32s), viability (56.2±1.20%), fertility (52.6±1.48%), and hatching (28.6±1.45%). The results showed that supplementation of DHA to the Tris-glucose based extender can be beneficial for the cryopreservation of brown trout sperm.
目前还没有对添加PUFAs的扩展剂在鱼类中的作用进行研究。因此，本研究考察了在Tris-glucose - based extender中添加不同水平的二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic, DHA)是否能提高低温保存后褐鳟(Salmo trutta macrostigma)精子的质量和受精率。用碱基扩展剂稀释(1:10)的精子样本分别添加1、2.5、5、7.5和10 ng mL-1浓度的DHA。在对照组中，精子在碱基扩展剂中稀释，不含DHA。稀释后，将精子吸入0.25 mL吸管中，冷冻在液氮(LN2)表面以上3cm处，直接投入液氮中。结果表明，与对照组相比，增加DHA添加量可改善解冻后渐进式运动能力、渐进式运动持续时间、活力和生育能力(p <0.05)。此外，结果表明，添加7.5 ng mL-1的DHA在渐进式运动能力(62.4±1.73%)、渐进式运动持续时间(46.8±1.32s)、生存力(56.2±1.20%)、生育力(52.6±1.48%)和孵化力(28.6±1.45%)方面具有最佳的冷冻保护效果。结果表明，在Tris-glucose扩增剂中添加DHA有利于褐鳟精子的低温保存。
{"title":"Effect of supplementations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into a Tris-glucose based extender on the post-thaw sperm quality, fertility and hatching rates in brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) following cryopreservation","authors":"Yusuf Bozkurt, İ. Yavaş","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1926852.1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1926852.1151","url":null,"abstract":"The supplementation of extenders with PUFAs has not been investigated in fish by now. Thus, the present study examined whether different levels of docosahexaenoic (DHA), which is the predominat PUFAs in sperm plasma membrane, in Tris-glucose based extender could increase the quality and fertilizing ability of brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) sperm following cryopreservation were evaluated. Sperm samples diluted (1:10) with the base extender were supplemented with 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ng mL-1 concentrations of DHA. In the control group, sperm was diluted in the base extender, without DHA. Following dilution, the sperm was aspirated into 0.25 mL straws, frozen 3 cm above of the liquid nitrogen (LN2) surface, and plunged directly into the LN2. Based on the results, increasing of DHA supplementations in the Tris-glucose based extender improved post-thaw progressive motility, progressive duration of motility, viability, and fertility compared to the control group (p <0.05). Additionally, the results indicated that supplementation of 7.5 ng mL-1 of DHA significantly exhibited the best cryoprotective effect in terms of progressive motility (62.4±1.73%), progressive duration of motility (46.8±1.32s), viability (56.2±1.20%), fertility (52.6±1.48%), and hatching (28.6±1.45%). The results showed that supplementation of DHA to the Tris-glucose based extender can be beneficial for the cryopreservation of brown trout sperm.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42756830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.1916077.1115
O. V. Adeniyi, F. Olaifa, B. Emikpe, S. Ogunbanwo
The rise in global concern on the adverse effects of uncontrolled utilization of synthetic antibiotics in the production of food fish necessitates search for alternative natural products in aquaculture. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) leaf has great medicinal potentials but with scanty documentation of its utilization in fish production. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of tamarind leaves extract (TLE) on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, gut physiology, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. The fish were fed experimental diets enriched with 0.0 (control), 5, 10, 15 or 20 g TLE/kg diet at 3% body weight daily for 12 weeks. Thereafter, a 4-week challenge test with A. hydrophila infection was done. The results showed that dietary TLE significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced fish growth, nutrient digestibility, and utilization, villi height and absorption area at 1.0-1.5% inclusion levels, compared to the control diet. Regression analysis showed 1.12% as the level of TLE for optimum weight gain. Post-challenge fish fed TLE-enriched diets showed higher survival rate, relatively to fish fed the control diet. The results from the present study demonstrated that dietary TLE promoted growth, nutrient digestibility and protection against A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia and its inclusion at 1.0% was therefore recommended for aquaculture use.
全球对食用鱼生产中不加控制地使用合成抗生素的不利影响日益关注，因此必须在水产养殖中寻找替代天然产品。罗望子(Tamarindus indica)叶具有很大的药用价值，但在渔业生产中的利用文献很少。因此，本试验旨在研究罗望子叶提取物(TLE)对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)鱼种生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、肠道生理及对嗜水气单胞菌感染的影响。分别饲喂添加0.0(对照)、5、10、15或20 g TLE/kg饲料的试验饲料，饲料质量为3%，连续12周。然后进行4周的嗜水单胞菌感染攻毒试验。结果表明:与对照饲料相比，添加TLE显著(P < 0.05)提高了1.0 ~ 1.5%添加水平下鱼类的生长、营养物质消化率和利用率、绒毛高度和吸收面积;回归分析显示，TLE的最佳增重水平为1.12%。攻毒后饲喂富含le饲料的鱼的存活率高于饲喂对照饲料的鱼。本研究结果表明，饲料中添加TLE可促进尼罗罗非鱼的生长、营养物质消化率和抗嗜水单杆菌感染，推荐添加1.0%的TLE用于养殖。
{"title":"Effects of dietary tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) leaves extract on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut physiology, and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)","authors":"O. V. Adeniyi, F. Olaifa, B. Emikpe, S. Ogunbanwo","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.1916077.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1916077.1115","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in global concern on the adverse effects of uncontrolled utilization of synthetic antibiotics in the production of food fish necessitates search for alternative natural products in aquaculture. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) leaf has great medicinal potentials but with scanty documentation of its utilization in fish production. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of tamarind leaves extract (TLE) on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, gut physiology, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. The fish were fed experimental diets enriched with 0.0 (control), 5, 10, 15 or 20 g TLE/kg diet at 3% body weight daily for 12 weeks. Thereafter, a 4-week challenge test with A. hydrophila infection was done. The results showed that dietary TLE significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced fish growth, nutrient digestibility, and utilization, villi height and absorption area at 1.0-1.5% inclusion levels, compared to the control diet. Regression analysis showed 1.12% as the level of TLE for optimum weight gain. Post-challenge fish fed TLE-enriched diets showed higher survival rate, relatively to fish fed the control diet. The results from the present study demonstrated that dietary TLE promoted growth, nutrient digestibility and protection against A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia and its inclusion at 1.0% was therefore recommended for aquaculture use.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"37-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42461152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2021.679355
Aflaton Pourali, M. Sohrabnezhad
Farmed female Siberian sturgeon's gonad (n= 30, 3-year old) was examined using an ultrasonograph unit with a 9–13 MHz linear transducer and results were compared with serum steroid hormones, biochemical parameters and body size. The sonogram was practically interpreted based on two indices as gonad's size based on gonad's size and gonadal fat content in the three classifications (small, medium, and large). As evidenced, 73.3% of fishes were considered as weak gonadal fat content; adversely most of which had large gonad's quality. From the results, gonad's quality showed significant correlation with body size, in which larger fishes had medium and large gonad's quality. This ensures the more success of production of females for both caviar production and broodstocks production purposes when larger fishes in the same age are known in a farm and could be separated for better management. Pearson’s correlation showed that there was a significant positive relationship between body length and triglyceride (R = 0.571, P < 0.01) and between body weight and triglyceride (R = 0.665, P < 0.000). Furthermore, a positive trend of triglyceride level in large gonad's quality group rather than weak group could certify it as a potential serum's biomarker to detect larger female accompanied with relatively larger and more productive gonad in Siberian sturgeon.
采用9-13 MHz线性换能器对养殖的3岁雌性西伯利亚鲟鱼(n= 30)的性腺进行超声检查，并与血清类固醇激素、生化指标和体型进行比较。超声图的实际解读基于两个指标:基于性腺大小的性腺大小和性腺脂肪含量在三个分类(小、中、大)。结果表明，73.3%的鱼类性腺脂肪含量较低;相反，其中大多数具有大性腺的质量。从结果来看，性腺质量与体型有显著的相关性，其中较大的鱼类性腺质量为中、大型。这确保了在鱼子酱生产和种鱼生产中，当已知同一年龄的较大鱼类时，雌性鱼的生产更成功，并且可以分开进行更好的管理。Pearson相关分析显示，体长与甘油三酯呈显著正相关(R = 0.571, P < 0.01)，体重与甘油三酯呈显著正相关(R = 0.665, P < 0.000)。此外，甘油三酯水平在性腺质量大组呈阳性趋势，而在性腺质量弱组呈阳性趋势，可以证明其作为一种潜在的血清生物标志物，用于检测体型较大、生殖腺相对较大的东北鲟雌鱼。
{"title":"Study of steroid hormones, biochemical parameters and body size based on different gonad's quality and gonad's fat content from sonogrphy method in female cultured Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)","authors":"Aflaton Pourali, M. Sohrabnezhad","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2021.679355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.679355","url":null,"abstract":"Farmed female Siberian sturgeon's gonad (n= 30, 3-year old) was examined using an ultrasonograph unit with a 9–13 MHz linear transducer and results were compared with serum steroid hormones, biochemical parameters and body size. The sonogram was practically interpreted based on two indices as gonad's size based on gonad's size and gonadal fat content in the three classifications (small, medium, and large). As evidenced, 73.3% of fishes were considered as weak gonadal fat content; adversely most of which had large gonad's quality. From the results, gonad's quality showed significant correlation with body size, in which larger fishes had medium and large gonad's quality. This ensures the more success of production of females for both caviar production and broodstocks production purposes when larger fishes in the same age are known in a farm and could be separated for better management. Pearson’s correlation showed that there was a significant positive relationship between body length and triglyceride (R = 0.571, P < 0.01) and between body weight and triglyceride (R = 0.665, P < 0.000). Furthermore, a positive trend of triglyceride level in large gonad's quality group rather than weak group could certify it as a potential serum's biomarker to detect larger female accompanied with relatively larger and more productive gonad in Siberian sturgeon.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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