Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985834
R. Otnes, V. Jodalen
At high latitudes, HF communications at medium data rates (1200-2400 bps) suffer from low availability because of ionospheric disturbances. The problem is that the channel exhibits large Doppler spread, delay spread and/or auroral absorption, not necessarily at the same time. If one can choose among different waveforms at each data rate, the maximum tolerable Doppler spread and delay spread can be increased (without increasing the maximum tolerable spreading factor). We have used DAMSON measurements to analyse the increase in availability that can be achieved using such a scheme. The largest improvement found is: at 2400(1200) bps the availability is 28(57)% using one waveform, and 35(68)% using 3 waveforms.
{"title":"Increasing the availability of medium data rates at high latitude HF channels","authors":"R. Otnes, V. Jodalen","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985834","url":null,"abstract":"At high latitudes, HF communications at medium data rates (1200-2400 bps) suffer from low availability because of ionospheric disturbances. The problem is that the channel exhibits large Doppler spread, delay spread and/or auroral absorption, not necessarily at the same time. If one can choose among different waveforms at each data rate, the maximum tolerable Doppler spread and delay spread can be increased (without increasing the maximum tolerable spreading factor). We have used DAMSON measurements to analyse the increase in availability that can be achieved using such a scheme. The largest improvement found is: at 2400(1200) bps the availability is 28(57)% using one waveform, and 35(68)% using 3 waveforms.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130302247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985841
A.F.R. Gillespie, S. Trinder, D. Brown
The transmission of commercial SMTP e-mail over the HF communications bearer is explicitly supported by proxy agents in the STANAG 5066 profile. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the performance of the Compressed File Transfer Protocol (CFTP) and HF Mail Transfer Protocol (HMTP) proxy agents defined in STANAG 5066. The performance of proxy agents is then compared with the performance achieved using SMTP and other standard TCP/IP network applications with the PPP and IP clients defined in STANAG 5066. A critical comparison of the merits of the various approaches for the practical implementation of networked HF applications over STANAG 5066 in support of network centric warfare in a maritime environment is provided.
{"title":"Client application considerations for low bandwidth communications using STANAG 5066","authors":"A.F.R. Gillespie, S. Trinder, D. Brown","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985841","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission of commercial SMTP e-mail over the HF communications bearer is explicitly supported by proxy agents in the STANAG 5066 profile. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the performance of the Compressed File Transfer Protocol (CFTP) and HF Mail Transfer Protocol (HMTP) proxy agents defined in STANAG 5066. The performance of proxy agents is then compared with the performance achieved using SMTP and other standard TCP/IP network applications with the PPP and IP clients defined in STANAG 5066. A critical comparison of the merits of the various approaches for the practical implementation of networked HF applications over STANAG 5066 in support of network centric warfare in a maritime environment is provided.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"373 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113998257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985758
G. Wyman, G.R. Bradbeer, S. Hurley, R. Taplin, D.H. Smith
The electromagnetic spectrum is a limited resource which is rapidly becoming saturated, and with the trend to charge users, efficient use is critical. Military users must react to different allotments and adapt to the prevailing conditions. The objective of using available bandwidth efficiently, while, at the same time, minimising interference, gives rise to a number of variations of a problem usually referred to as the frequency assignment problem (FAP). Many algorithms have been developed in order to produce optimal or near optimal assignments of frequencies to defined sets of transmitters, but it is recognised that rigorous solutions are only possible for a very small population. Early assignment algorithms were limited in their application, constrained by the available processing speed and thus only considered a reduced set of constraints. The authors have developed a system for combat net radio that takes into account these extensions to the standard FAP It was concluded that the most effective algorithms start from a sequential solution and use a meta-heuristic algorithm such as tabu search or simulated annealing to find solutions for large network deployments.
{"title":"Improving efficiency in frequency assignment engines","authors":"G. Wyman, G.R. Bradbeer, S. Hurley, R. Taplin, D.H. Smith","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985758","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic spectrum is a limited resource which is rapidly becoming saturated, and with the trend to charge users, efficient use is critical. Military users must react to different allotments and adapt to the prevailing conditions. The objective of using available bandwidth efficiently, while, at the same time, minimising interference, gives rise to a number of variations of a problem usually referred to as the frequency assignment problem (FAP). Many algorithms have been developed in order to produce optimal or near optimal assignments of frequencies to defined sets of transmitters, but it is recognised that rigorous solutions are only possible for a very small population. Early assignment algorithms were limited in their application, constrained by the available processing speed and thus only considered a reduced set of constraints. The authors have developed a system for combat net radio that takes into account these extensions to the standard FAP It was concluded that the most effective algorithms start from a sequential solution and use a meta-heuristic algorithm such as tabu search or simulated annealing to find solutions for large network deployments.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115226323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985852
A. Hansson, J. Nilsson, M. Skold, U. Sterner
Two types of tactical radio networks are analyzed and compared. Firstly we consider a multi-hop ad-hoc network and secondly a WCDMA cellular network based on the new UMTS terrestrial radio access network called UTRAN. We are interested in how an ad-hoc network behaves and compares to a cellular network with a limited number of base stations, in a mobile scenario. For the assessment, two tactical scenarios involving a Swedish mechanized battalion are drawn up for armed combat on Swedish ground. They are characterized by different mobility, where in the first we have constant movements over a large area and in the second only a high speed movement within a limited area at the end of the scenario. We test a service mix consisting of situation awareness data, group calls and intranet connections. We use a digitized terrain database for propagation modeling in the 300 MHz and the 1.5 GHz frequency bands. As a scenario elapses, at each time instant, the probability that the network can provide a service for an arbitrarily chosen radio terminal is estimated. Based on these results we finally assess the different network solutions.
{"title":"Scenario based comparison of cellular and ad-hoc tactical radio networks","authors":"A. Hansson, J. Nilsson, M. Skold, U. Sterner","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985852","url":null,"abstract":"Two types of tactical radio networks are analyzed and compared. Firstly we consider a multi-hop ad-hoc network and secondly a WCDMA cellular network based on the new UMTS terrestrial radio access network called UTRAN. We are interested in how an ad-hoc network behaves and compares to a cellular network with a limited number of base stations, in a mobile scenario. For the assessment, two tactical scenarios involving a Swedish mechanized battalion are drawn up for armed combat on Swedish ground. They are characterized by different mobility, where in the first we have constant movements over a large area and in the second only a high speed movement within a limited area at the end of the scenario. We test a service mix consisting of situation awareness data, group calls and intranet connections. We use a digitized terrain database for propagation modeling in the 300 MHz and the 1.5 GHz frequency bands. As a scenario elapses, at each time instant, the probability that the network can provide a service for an arbitrarily chosen radio terminal is estimated. Based on these results we finally assess the different network solutions.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114648389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.986083
Yang Wang, E. Serpedin, P. Ciblat, P. Loubaton
Blind carrier frequency offset and symbol timing delay estimators for linearly modulated waveforms transmitted through flat-fading channels have been previously developed by exploiting the received signal's second-order cyclostationary statistics in Ghogho et al., Gini and Giannakis (1998), and Scott and Olasz (1995). The goal of this paper is to establish and analyze the asymptotic (large sample) performance of the estimators of Ghogho et al. and Gini and Giannakis, as a function of the pulse shape bandwidth and the oversampling, factor. It is shown that the performance of these estimators improves as the pulse shape bandwidth increases and by selecting small values for the oversampling factor.
{"title":"Blind cyclostationary statistics based carrier frequency offset and symbol timing delay estimators in flat-fading channels","authors":"Yang Wang, E. Serpedin, P. Ciblat, P. Loubaton","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.986083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.986083","url":null,"abstract":"Blind carrier frequency offset and symbol timing delay estimators for linearly modulated waveforms transmitted through flat-fading channels have been previously developed by exploiting the received signal's second-order cyclostationary statistics in Ghogho et al., Gini and Giannakis (1998), and Scott and Olasz (1995). The goal of this paper is to establish and analyze the asymptotic (large sample) performance of the estimators of Ghogho et al. and Gini and Giannakis, as a function of the pulse shape bandwidth and the oversampling, factor. It is shown that the performance of these estimators improves as the pulse shape bandwidth increases and by selecting small values for the oversampling factor.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115826125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985755
P. Stenumgaard, S. Linder
Co-location between digital radio systems and civilian electronic equipment can lead to severe interference problems. Unintentional radiated electromagnetic emission can increase the bit error probability (BEP) in the digital radio receiver, and thus reduce the range of secure operation. Furthermore the intersystem interference causes a reduction of the jamming resistance. In this paper, the corresponding decrease of the operating range to compensate for this increase in BEP is determined Furthermore, the increase of the operating range for a hostile jammer is determined for a chosen example. The results are visualized as simulated coverage diagrams for chosen terrain environments. The analyses show that the operating range is decreased with approximately 25% for a co-location distance of 20 meters between the radio receiver and disturbing COTS (commercial of the shelf) equipment, if typical measured emission levels are used. In this scenario a hostile jammer gets nearly 50% larger operating range compared to a scenario without the COTS-computers. If a part of the emission equals the EN 55022 Class B emission limit, required for commercial equipment sold in the European Union, a range reduction of 50% is obtained. Thus, the overall conclusion is that interference from COTS can cause severe reductions of operating range for digital communication links. This interference can also have significant impact on the jamming resistance. These are important drawbacks that must be considered before co-locating COTS equipment close to tactical communication systems.
{"title":"Combat radio system range reduction due to radiated electromagnetic interference from COTS electronics","authors":"P. Stenumgaard, S. Linder","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985755","url":null,"abstract":"Co-location between digital radio systems and civilian electronic equipment can lead to severe interference problems. Unintentional radiated electromagnetic emission can increase the bit error probability (BEP) in the digital radio receiver, and thus reduce the range of secure operation. Furthermore the intersystem interference causes a reduction of the jamming resistance. In this paper, the corresponding decrease of the operating range to compensate for this increase in BEP is determined Furthermore, the increase of the operating range for a hostile jammer is determined for a chosen example. The results are visualized as simulated coverage diagrams for chosen terrain environments. The analyses show that the operating range is decreased with approximately 25% for a co-location distance of 20 meters between the radio receiver and disturbing COTS (commercial of the shelf) equipment, if typical measured emission levels are used. In this scenario a hostile jammer gets nearly 50% larger operating range compared to a scenario without the COTS-computers. If a part of the emission equals the EN 55022 Class B emission limit, required for commercial equipment sold in the European Union, a range reduction of 50% is obtained. Thus, the overall conclusion is that interference from COTS can cause severe reductions of operating range for digital communication links. This interference can also have significant impact on the jamming resistance. These are important drawbacks that must be considered before co-locating COTS equipment close to tactical communication systems.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116234627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.986041
M. Joham, Y. Sun, M. Zoltowski, M. Honig, J. S. Goldstein
The multi-stage nested Wiener filter (MSNWF) can be identified to be the solution of the Wiener-Hopf equation in the Krylov subspace of the covariance matrix of the observation and the crosscorrelation vector of the observation and the desired signal. Therefore, the Arnoldi algorithm which arises from the MSNWF development can be replaced by the Lanczos algorithm leading to a simpler computation of the Krylov subspace basis. Moreover, the foundation in the Krylov subspace framework helps to derive an order-recursive representation of the MSNWF which generates the filter for rank D in terms of the filter for rank D-1. The new backward recursion is used to design a linear equalizer filter in an enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) system. Simulation results show the ability of the MSNWF to reduce the receiver complexity while the system performance is unchanged.
{"title":"A new backward recursion for the multi-stage nested Wiener filter employing Krylov subspace methods","authors":"M. Joham, Y. Sun, M. Zoltowski, M. Honig, J. S. Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.986041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.986041","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-stage nested Wiener filter (MSNWF) can be identified to be the solution of the Wiener-Hopf equation in the Krylov subspace of the covariance matrix of the observation and the crosscorrelation vector of the observation and the desired signal. Therefore, the Arnoldi algorithm which arises from the MSNWF development can be replaced by the Lanczos algorithm leading to a simpler computation of the Krylov subspace basis. Moreover, the foundation in the Krylov subspace framework helps to derive an order-recursive representation of the MSNWF which generates the filter for rank D in terms of the filter for rank D-1. The new backward recursion is used to design a linear equalizer filter in an enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) system. Simulation results show the ability of the MSNWF to reduce the receiver complexity while the system performance is unchanged.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115507976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985766
B. Jabbari, E. Dinan
This paper considers the problem of packet transfer over the radio interface of a cellular network, in which the diversity area may provide alternate resources for mobiles communicating with base stations. A multilink architecture is proposed for the forward link of packet cellular networks. We develop a model for the access mechanism using a two-state MMPP (Markov modulated Poisson process) for the aggregate arrival and a seven-state MMPP for the overflow traffic approximation. An analytical approach is used to calculate the system performance including the probability distribution of packet transmission delay and packet loss rate. We show how a simplified approximate model based on a much smaller number of states for the resulting MMPP can capture the system performance in a reasonably accurate way. We quantify the performance improvement through a numerical example and also compare the results to those obtained from the simulation model.
{"title":"Modeling and performance of a multilink packet access for wireless cellular systems","authors":"B. Jabbari, E. Dinan","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985766","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of packet transfer over the radio interface of a cellular network, in which the diversity area may provide alternate resources for mobiles communicating with base stations. A multilink architecture is proposed for the forward link of packet cellular networks. We develop a model for the access mechanism using a two-state MMPP (Markov modulated Poisson process) for the aggregate arrival and a seven-state MMPP for the overflow traffic approximation. An analytical approach is used to calculate the system performance including the probability distribution of packet transmission delay and packet loss rate. We show how a simplified approximate model based on a much smaller number of states for the resulting MMPP can capture the system performance in a reasonably accurate way. We quantify the performance improvement through a numerical example and also compare the results to those obtained from the simulation model.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124827738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985922
A. Mathur, T.M. Nguyen, G. Goo
The wideband gapfiller satellite communication links will employ several frequencies in the X-, K-, and Ka-bands. Appropriate rain models are required to evaluate the propagation degradation due to rain at these frequencies. This paper reviews some of the study results reported by the NASA-ACTS (National Aeronautics and Space Administration-advanced communications technology satellite) researchers for K- and Ka-band propagation. The ACTS measured attenuation data in the K- and Ka-bands is compared with data obtained from well-established rain model attenuation predictions. Based on such comparisons, recommendations are made for gapfiller applications, especially at communication frequencies of 20.0, 21.2 and 30.0 GHz.
{"title":"Rain attenuation model assessment for wideband gapfiller satellite communications link","authors":"A. Mathur, T.M. Nguyen, G. Goo","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985922","url":null,"abstract":"The wideband gapfiller satellite communication links will employ several frequencies in the X-, K-, and Ka-bands. Appropriate rain models are required to evaluate the propagation degradation due to rain at these frequencies. This paper reviews some of the study results reported by the NASA-ACTS (National Aeronautics and Space Administration-advanced communications technology satellite) researchers for K- and Ka-band propagation. The ACTS measured attenuation data in the K- and Ka-bands is compared with data obtained from well-established rain model attenuation predictions. Based on such comparisons, recommendations are made for gapfiller applications, especially at communication frequencies of 20.0, 21.2 and 30.0 GHz.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123547662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-28DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985983
M. Pursley, H. Russell, J. Wysocarski
The purpose of adaptive forwarding is to provide short-term responses to changes in propagation conditions and network topology in mobile store-and-forward wireless communication networks. The primary need for such short-term responses occurs during the time period between consecutive updates to the routing tables. In this paper a new adaptive-forwarding protocol is described and evaluated for frequency-hop (FH) mobile wireless networks. The forwarding protocol operates in conjunction with adaptive routing and adaptive transmission to provide energy-efficient delivery of packets. Channel state information, which is developed in the receivers of the terminals in the network, is used to estimate the energy requirements of alternative routes for use in the routing protocol. For FH networks the channel state information consists primarily of counts of errors and erasures that are generated in the demodulators and decoders. Since channel state information may become outdated, especially for infrequently used links, it is desirable to provide a mechanism for occasionally testing links that have not handled packets recently. A feature of the new adaptive-transmission protocol is that it employs information packets, rather than control packets, to update the channel state information and thereby benefit the routing protocol without adding overhead traffic to the network load.
{"title":"An improved forwarding protocol for updating channel state information in mobile FH wireless networks","authors":"M. Pursley, H. Russell, J. Wysocarski","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2001.985983","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of adaptive forwarding is to provide short-term responses to changes in propagation conditions and network topology in mobile store-and-forward wireless communication networks. The primary need for such short-term responses occurs during the time period between consecutive updates to the routing tables. In this paper a new adaptive-forwarding protocol is described and evaluated for frequency-hop (FH) mobile wireless networks. The forwarding protocol operates in conjunction with adaptive routing and adaptive transmission to provide energy-efficient delivery of packets. Channel state information, which is developed in the receivers of the terminals in the network, is used to estimate the energy requirements of alternative routes for use in the routing protocol. For FH networks the channel state information consists primarily of counts of errors and erasures that are generated in the demodulators and decoders. Since channel state information may become outdated, especially for infrequently used links, it is desirable to provide a mechanism for occasionally testing links that have not handled packets recently. A feature of the new adaptive-transmission protocol is that it employs information packets, rather than control packets, to update the channel state information and thereby benefit the routing protocol without adding overhead traffic to the network load.","PeriodicalId":136537,"journal":{"name":"2001 MILCOM Proceedings Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force (Cat. No.01CH37277)","volume":"135 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113972724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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