Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329278
W. Didimo, Francesco Giordano, G. Liotta
Cluster planarity is currently recognized as one of the most interesting problem in graph drawing. This paper investigates a new direction in this area by addressing the following question: let G be a graph along with a hierarchy of vertex clusters, where clusters can partially intersect. Does G admit a drawing where each cluster is inside a simple closed region, no two edges intersect, and no edge intersects a region twice? We investigate the interplay between this problem and the classical cluster planarity testing problem where clusters are not allowed to partially intersect. Characterizations, models, and algorithms are discussed.
{"title":"Overlapping cluster planarity","authors":"W. Didimo, Francesco Giordano, G. Liotta","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329278","url":null,"abstract":"Cluster planarity is currently recognized as one of the most interesting problem in graph drawing. This paper investigates a new direction in this area by addressing the following question: let G be a graph along with a hierarchy of vertex clusters, where clusters can partially intersect. Does G admit a drawing where each cluster is inside a simple closed region, no two edges intersect, and no edge intersects a region twice? We investigate the interplay between this problem and the classical cluster planarity testing problem where clusters are not allowed to partially intersect. Characterizations, models, and algorithms are discussed.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329289
C. Mueller, Benjamin Martin, A. Lumsdaine
In this study, we examine the use of graph ordering algorithms for visual analysis of data sets using visual similarity matrices. Visual similarity matrices display the relationships between data items in a dot-matrix plot format, with the axes labeled with the data items and points drawn if there is a relationship between two data items. The biggest challenge for displaying data using this representation is finding an ordering of the data items that reveals the internal structure of the data set. Poor orderings are indistinguishable from noise whereas a good ordering can reveal complex and subtle features of the data. We consider three general classes of algorithms for generating orderings: simple graph theoretic algorithms, symbolic sparse matrix reordering algorithms, and spectral decomposition algorithms. We apply each algorithm to synthetic and real world data sets and evaluate each algorithm for interpretability (i.e., does the algorithm lead to images with usable visual features?) and stability (i.e., does the algorithm consistently produce similar results?). We also provide a detailed discussion of the results for each algorithm across the different graph types and include a discussion of some strategies for using ordering algorithms for data analysis based on these results.
{"title":"A comparison of vertex ordering algorithms for large graph visualization","authors":"C. Mueller, Benjamin Martin, A. Lumsdaine","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329289","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examine the use of graph ordering algorithms for visual analysis of data sets using visual similarity matrices. Visual similarity matrices display the relationships between data items in a dot-matrix plot format, with the axes labeled with the data items and points drawn if there is a relationship between two data items. The biggest challenge for displaying data using this representation is finding an ordering of the data items that reveals the internal structure of the data set. Poor orderings are indistinguishable from noise whereas a good ordering can reveal complex and subtle features of the data. We consider three general classes of algorithms for generating orderings: simple graph theoretic algorithms, symbolic sparse matrix reordering algorithms, and spectral decomposition algorithms. We apply each algorithm to synthetic and real world data sets and evaluate each algorithm for interpretability (i.e., does the algorithm lead to images with usable visual features?) and stability (i.e., does the algorithm consistently produce similar results?). We also provide a detailed discussion of the results for each algorithm across the different graph types and include a discussion of some strategies for using ordering algorithms for data analysis based on these results.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114518253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329273
Shinichi Mukosaka, H. Koike
In monitoring security of enterprise or campus networks, detecting attacks from internal network to external network is becoming more and more important. After detecting such attacks, finding the location of the target PC is sometimes needed. This paper describes a visual security monitoring system for large-scale local area network. The system integrates three information, logical, temporal, and geographical information, in one 3D visualization. The system also provides effective interaction capabilities and filtering mechanism. IDS logs obtained at the computer center of our university were visualized, and typical examples such as botnet activities and SSH brute force attack were discussed.
{"title":"Integrated visualization system for monitoring security in large-scale local area network","authors":"Shinichi Mukosaka, H. Koike","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329273","url":null,"abstract":"In monitoring security of enterprise or campus networks, detecting attacks from internal network to external network is becoming more and more important. After detecting such attacks, finding the location of the target PC is sometimes needed. This paper describes a visual security monitoring system for large-scale local area network. The system integrates three information, logical, temporal, and geographical information, in one 3D visualization. The system also provides effective interaction capabilities and filtering mechanism. IDS logs obtained at the computer center of our university were visualized, and typical examples such as botnet activities and SSH brute force attack were discussed.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131976622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329274
M. Bekos, M. Kaufmann, A. Symvonis
We consider a map labeling problem, where the sites to be labeled are restricted on a line L. This is quite common e.g. in schematized maps for road or subway networks. Each site si, is associated with an axis-parallel witimeshi label li, which can be placed anywhere on the "boundary" of the input line L. The main task is to place the labels in distinct positions, so that they do not overlap and do not obscure the site set, and to connect each label with its associated site through a leader, such that no two leaders intersect. We propose several variations of this problem and we investigate their computational complexity under certain optimization criteria.
{"title":"Labeling collinear sites","authors":"M. Bekos, M. Kaufmann, A. Symvonis","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329274","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a map labeling problem, where the sites to be labeled are restricted on a line L. This is quite common e.g. in schematized maps for road or subway networks. Each site si, is associated with an axis-parallel witimeshi label li, which can be placed anywhere on the \"boundary\" of the input line L. The main task is to place the labels in distinct positions, so that they do not overlap and do not obscure the site set, and to connect each label with its associated site through a leader, such that no two leaders intersect. We propose several variations of this problem and we investigate their computational complexity under certain optimization criteria.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132479591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329279
A. Ahmed, Seok-Hee Hong
In this paper, we consider the problem of navigating graphs drawn in 2.5 dimensions. First, we define criteria for good navigation and then present various methods to satisfy some of the criteria. In particular, we design and implement methods for trees, clustered graphs and hierarchical graphs drawn in 2.5 dimensions.
{"title":"Navigation techniques for 2.5D graph layout","authors":"A. Ahmed, Seok-Hee Hong","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329279","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the problem of navigating graphs drawn in 2.5 dimensions. First, we define criteria for good navigation and then present various methods to satisfy some of the criteria. In particular, we design and implement methods for trees, clustered graphs and hierarchical graphs drawn in 2.5 dimensions.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"818 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134214990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329305
Michael Ogawa, K. Ma, C. Bird, Premkumar T. Devanbu, A. Gourley
Open source software projects such as Apache and Mozilla present an opportunity for information visualization. Since these projects typically require collaboration between developers located far apart, the amount of electronic communication between them is large. Our goal is to apply information visualization techniques to assist software engineering scientists and project managers with analyzing the data. We present a visualization technique that provides an intuitive, time-series, interactive summary view of the social groups that form, evolve and vanish during the entire lifetime of the project. This visualization helps software engineering researchers understand the organization, structure, and evolution of the communication and collaboration activities of a large, complex software project.
{"title":"Visualizing social interaction in open source software projects","authors":"Michael Ogawa, K. Ma, C. Bird, Premkumar T. Devanbu, A. Gourley","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329305","url":null,"abstract":"Open source software projects such as Apache and Mozilla present an opportunity for information visualization. Since these projects typically require collaboration between developers located far apart, the amount of electronic communication between them is large. Our goal is to apply information visualization techniques to assist software engineering scientists and project managers with analyzing the data. We present a visualization technique that provides an intuitive, time-series, interactive summary view of the social groups that form, evolve and vanish during the entire lifetime of the project. This visualization helps software engineering researchers understand the organization, structure, and evolution of the communication and collaboration activities of a large, complex software project.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127136634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329303
C. Muelder, K. Ma
Email has become an integral method of communication. However, it is still plagued by vast amounts of spam. Many statistical techniques, such as Bayesian filtering, have been applied to this problem, and been proven useful. But these techniques in general require training. Another common method of spam prevention is blacklisting known spam sources. In order to do this, the sources must be identified. What this paper presents is a set of visualization techniques designed to show patterns in incoming email which can reveal misidentified pieces of spam, common spam sources, and patterns such as periods of increased spam activity, while maintaining the privacy of the email. This can aid system administrators in rapidly and effectively adjusting system level filters, which would improve the quality of service and decrease the time and resources wasted by spam.
{"title":"Visualization of sanitized email logs for spam analysis","authors":"C. Muelder, K. Ma","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329303","url":null,"abstract":"Email has become an integral method of communication. However, it is still plagued by vast amounts of spam. Many statistical techniques, such as Bayesian filtering, have been applied to this problem, and been proven useful. But these techniques in general require training. Another common method of spam prevention is blacklisting known spam sources. In order to do this, the sources must be identified. What this paper presents is a set of visualization techniques designed to show patterns in incoming email which can reveal misidentified pieces of spam, common spam sources, and patterns such as periods of increased spam activity, while maintaining the privacy of the email. This can aid system administrators in rapidly and effectively adjusting system level filters, which would improve the quality of service and decrease the time and resources wasted by spam.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131185227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329281
H. Hosobe
Graph drawing is an information visualization technology for illustrating relations between objects. Interactive graph drawing is often important since it is difficult to statically lay out complex graphs. For the interactive drawing of general undirected graphs, we have proposed the high-dimensional approach, which uses static graph layouts in high-dimensional spaces to dynamically find two-dimensional layouts according to user interaction. Although the resulting interactive graph drawing method was found to be fast, other properties of it are not yet clear. In this paper, we analyze the high-dimensional approach to further explore its properties. Specifically, we perform the following two kinds of its analysis: (1) sensitivity analysis for investigating how the high-dimensional approach places graph nodes on the two-dimensional plane; (2) empirical analysis for examining the appropriateness of underlying graph layout methods. The results show that, as an underlying graph layout method, Kruskal and Seery's method based on Torgerson's multidimensional scaling method is more appropriate for the high-dimensional approach than other methods for computing graph layouts in high-dimensional spaces.
{"title":"Analysis of a high-dimensional approach to interactive graph drawing","authors":"H. Hosobe","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329281","url":null,"abstract":"Graph drawing is an information visualization technology for illustrating relations between objects. Interactive graph drawing is often important since it is difficult to statically lay out complex graphs. For the interactive drawing of general undirected graphs, we have proposed the high-dimensional approach, which uses static graph layouts in high-dimensional spaces to dynamically find two-dimensional layouts according to user interaction. Although the resulting interactive graph drawing method was found to be fast, other properties of it are not yet clear. In this paper, we analyze the high-dimensional approach to further explore its properties. Specifically, we perform the following two kinds of its analysis: (1) sensitivity analysis for investigating how the high-dimensional approach places graph nodes on the two-dimensional plane; (2) empirical analysis for examining the appropriateness of underlying graph layout methods. The results show that, as an underlying graph layout method, Kruskal and Seery's method based on Torgerson's multidimensional scaling method is more appropriate for the high-dimensional approach than other methods for computing graph layouts in high-dimensional spaces.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128120038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-15DOI: 10.1109/APVIS.2007.329290
C. Mueller, Benjamin Martin, A. Lumsdaine
Visual similarity matrices (VSMs) are a common technique for visualizing graphs and other types of relational data. While traditionally used for small data sets or well-ordered large data sets, they have recently become popular for visualizing large graphs. However, our experience with users has revealed that large VSMs are difficult to interpret. In this paper, we catalog common structural features found in VSMs and provide graph-based interpretations of the structures. We also discuss implementation details that affect the interpretability of VSMs for large data sets.
{"title":"Interpreting large visual similarity matrices","authors":"C. Mueller, Benjamin Martin, A. Lumsdaine","doi":"10.1109/APVIS.2007.329290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APVIS.2007.329290","url":null,"abstract":"Visual similarity matrices (VSMs) are a common technique for visualizing graphs and other types of relational data. While traditionally used for small data sets or well-ordered large data sets, they have recently become popular for visualizing large graphs. However, our experience with users has revealed that large VSMs are difficult to interpret. In this paper, we catalog common structural features found in VSMs and provide graph-based interpretations of the structures. We also discuss implementation details that affect the interpretability of VSMs for large data sets.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122862952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In boundary labeling, each point site is uniquely connected to a label placed on the boundary of an enclosing rectangle by a leader, which may be a rectilinear or straight line segment. To our knowledge, all the results reported in the literature for boundary labeling deal with the so-called one-to-one boundary labeling, i.e., different sites are labelled differently. In certain applications of boundary labeling, however, more than one site may be required to be connected to a common label. In this case, the presence of crossings among leaders often becomes inevitable. Minimizing the total number of crossings in boundary labeling becomes a critical design issue as crossing is often regarded as the main source of confusion in visualization. In this paper, we consider the crossing minimization problem for multi-site-to-one-label boundary labeling, i.e., finding the placements of labels and leaders such that the total number of crossings among leaders is minimized. We show the crossing minimization problem to be NP-complete under certain one-side and two-side labeling schemes. Subsequently, approximation algorithms are derived for the above intractable problems. We also present an O(n2 log3 n)-time algorithm for the problem of minimizing the total leader length for multi-site-to-one-label boundary labeling, where n is the number of labels.
{"title":"Many-to-one boundary labeling","authors":"Chun-Cheng Lin, Hao-Jen Kao, H. Yen","doi":"10.7155/jgaa.00169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00169","url":null,"abstract":"In boundary labeling, each point site is uniquely connected to a label placed on the boundary of an enclosing rectangle by a leader, which may be a rectilinear or straight line segment. To our knowledge, all the results reported in the literature for boundary labeling deal with the so-called one-to-one boundary labeling, i.e., different sites are labelled differently. In certain applications of boundary labeling, however, more than one site may be required to be connected to a common label. In this case, the presence of crossings among leaders often becomes inevitable. Minimizing the total number of crossings in boundary labeling becomes a critical design issue as crossing is often regarded as the main source of confusion in visualization. In this paper, we consider the crossing minimization problem for multi-site-to-one-label boundary labeling, i.e., finding the placements of labels and leaders such that the total number of crossings among leaders is minimized. We show the crossing minimization problem to be NP-complete under certain one-side and two-side labeling schemes. Subsequently, approximation algorithms are derived for the above intractable problems. We also present an O(n2 log3 n)-time algorithm for the problem of minimizing the total leader length for multi-site-to-one-label boundary labeling, where n is the number of labels.","PeriodicalId":136557,"journal":{"name":"2007 6th International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125535845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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