Injury Prevention最新文献

Objective: Early onset of gun carrying correlates with a heightened risk of violent offences and injuries. This research estimates the association between state firearm legislation and first-time handgun carrying in the USA. It further identifies specific policy measures that could be most effective in discouraging the onset of risky gun-carrying activities.

Methods: The study sample included 6194 youth (51% male, 49% female; 48% white, 27% black, 24% Hispanic and 1% other race and ethnicity) drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, with an average age of 14.3 at the first round of data collection. Participants self-reported when they first carried a handgun. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to model the likelihood of gun-carrying initiation over time, using an overarching state gun law environment score as well as proportionate scores for individual policy subcategories as primary predictors. Analyses were completed in 2024.

Results: Approximately 30% of the study sample had initiated handgun carrying by the end of the study period. Individuals in states with a greater number of gun laws were less prone to begin carrying handguns. This association was notably stronger for males and white individuals. Laws that extend the firearm acquisition process and increase purchaser accountability were associated with a greater reduction in the initiation rates than other types of policy measures.

Conclusions: State firearm legislation has the potential to deter the commencement of risky gun-carrying behaviour. It is recommended that states consider implementing, publicising and enforcing these laws to reduce gun-related mortality and morbidity.

Background: Secure firearm storage is a proposed method for reducing intentional and unintentional firearm injury and death among US military service members. However, little is known about suggested key messengers and optimal message content to promote secure firearm storage practices among at-risk US service members. This qualitative study focused on military spouse and stakeholder perspectives concerning key messengers and message content for the delivery of effective messaging around promoting secure firearm storage practices among US service members.

Methods: Military spouses and stakeholders of military support organisations were recruited at various military installations in the USA and completed either individual or group qualitative interviews via Zoom consisting of open-ended questions on perspectives of effective messaging for secure firearm storage for at-risk service members. Qualitative analysis included comprehensive memoing, regularly scheduled team meetings and triangulation of data with established literature.

Results: 56 participants were interviewed between August 2022 and March 2023. Participants identified key messengers for promoting secure firearm storage as peers, chaplains, clinicians or a combination. Perspectives on preferred message content for the promotion of secure firearm storage consisted of focusing on lived experience, personal anecdotes and relatable stories.

Discussion and conclusions: Extant research has focused exclusively on firearm owners' perspectives of effective messaging for the promotion of secure firearm storage practices. This study highlights the important contributions of military spouses and stakeholder perspectives on who are credible messengers and what is the most effective message content to promote a perspective shift on how firearms are stored among military firearm owners.

Introduction: Schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed an increase of 7% in bullying prevalence since 2005. This review aimed to map antibullying interventions in the UAE.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Eric) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review. Studies addressing antibullying interventions and grey literature in the UAE from 2010 to 2021 were included. Interventions were mapped using distribution across key sectors, public health practice levels, and organisation types.

Results: Of the 2122 identified papers, only 2 were included. Both articles were published in 2019 and used qualitative methods. From the search of governmental and non-governmental websites, 22 multilevel interventions were included and presented on the three levels of public health practice across the different sectors and target stakeholders. Eight interventions were at the federal level, and six were by private stakeholders. The government funded 59% of all interventions. Four interventions addressed cyberbullying, and three used multisectoral collaboration.

Conclusions: Although the UAE is building capacity for bullying prevention, we found limited knowledge of antibullying prevention efforts. Further studies are needed to assess current interventions, strategies and policies.

In response to the call for better science that the Society for Advancement of Violence and Injury Research (SAVIR) put out 4 years ago, SAVIR established its Anti-racism Interest Group (AIG) and charged it to lead antiracism efforts at SAVIR. The SAVIR AIG has led SAVIR's efforts to actively integrate antiracism principles and frameworks into injury and violence prevention (IVP) education, research, methods, dissemination and implementation as a field, and more specifically into each of SAVIR committee activities and strategies. In this article, we detail those efforts and outline the immediate next steps of a vision that is developing and the course we are taking. But we acknowledge that these efforts are only the beginning on the long road ahead to fully rid ourselves (as a society), our science and our field of IVP of the scourge that racism is.

Background: Rising costs of living, coupled with housing shortages across the USA, have made housing instability a key issue over the past few years. Alongside this problem has also been a steady rise in violence against (and gun deaths among) Asian Americans. Limited scholarship, however, has examined these issues in the context of this increasingly stigmatised population. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between housing instability and firearm victimisation among Asian Americans. We further assessed how being worried about victimisation may vary by ethnicity.

Methods: We conducted secondary data analysis, using the 2021-2022 California Health Interview Survey. We used weighted logistic regression to assess the association between housing instability and firearm victimisation among Asian Americans.

Results: Asian respondents experiencing housing instability had significantly greater odds of worrying about firearm victimisation, compared with those with a stable home, even after accounting for various sociodemographic and health-related factors (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.79, p<0.05). Additionally, the odds of being concerned about firearm victimisation were significantly lower among Japanese (AOR=0.64) and Vietnamese (AOR=0.72) participants, compared with Chinese respondents (both p<0.05).

Discussion and conclusions: Our findings confirm that not having a stable home is strongly linked to worrying about firearm victimisation among Asian Americans. This concern varies significantly by ethnicity. We highlight the importance of disaggregating data on Asian Americans and discuss broader implications for public health.

Background: Illinois experienced a historic firearm violence surge in 2016 with a decline to baseline rates in 2018. This study aimed to understand this 2016 surge through the direct accounts of violence prevention community-based organisations (CBOs) in Illinois.

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 20 representatives from 13 CBOs from the south and west sides of greater Chicago metropolitan area. Interviews were audio recorded, coded and analysed thematically.

Results: We identified lack of government-derived infrastructure and systemic poverty as the central themes of Illinois's 2016 firearm violence surge. Participants highlighted the Illinois Budget Impasse halted funding for violence prevention efforts, leading to 2016's violence. This occurred in the context of a strained relationship with the criminal justice system, where disengagement from police and mistrust in the justice system led victims and families to seek justice outside of the judicial system. Participants emphasised that systemic poverty and the obliteration of community support structures led to overwhelming desperation, which, in turn, increased risky behaviours perceived as necessary for survival. Participants disproportionately identified that this impacted the young people in their communities.

Conclusions: Lack of government-derived infrastructure and systemic poverty were the central themes of the 2016 firearm violence surge. The insights gained from the 2016 surge are applicable to understanding both current and future surges. CBOs focused on violence prevention offer insights into the context and conditions fuelling surges in the epidemic of violence.

Background: Child-centred approaches in injury prevention emphasise the importance of practising bidirectional communications and decentring researcher-child power relations to support children's participation in research. To date, however, a dearth of scholarship offers methodological reflections on how to bolster children's feelings of comfort in discussing sensitive topics such as their injury experiences.

Goal: Drawing from lessons we learnt working with children in a low-income to mid-income neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada, we discuss the ways in which our strategies to support their participation succeeded in, and at times fell short of, supporting their participatory needs.

Discussion: Our discussions focus attention on two important areas for consideration in future injury prevention studies: (1) Children's inclusion in research and the demand for them to share experience and (2) supporting children's right to invite and comfort in discussing sensitive topics such as injury experiences. We discuss the benefits of making research fun for children and being sensitive to their needs at preliminary recruitment and data collection stages.

Implications: These discussions can strengthen researchers' work with children by helping them to reflect on strategies that can bolster their desire to participate and feel comfortable sharing perspectives.

Purpose: Teen dating violence (TDV) is a global public health and safety issue causing health impacts to youth people. This study aimed to examine: (1) the impact of the pandemic on TDV victimisation rates and (2) socioecological factors associated with sustained risk for TDV victimisation during the first year of COVID-19.

Methods: Data are from an ongoing randomised controlled trial of a TDV prevention programme in Texas (n=2768). We conducted annual assessments in 2019-2021. We used regression modelling to assess demographic, individual, peer and family factors associated with TDV risks.

Results: TDV rates declined from 11.9% in 2019 to 5.2% in 2021. While demographic, peer and family/household factors were not associated with TDV victimisation during the pandemic, individual-level factors (ie, early sexual debut, substance use, acceptance of violence and prior TDV involvement) were related to COVID-era risks. Only early sexual debut was uniquely linked to TDV victimisation risk the first year of COVID-19.

Conclusions: While TDV rates declined during the pandemic, previous victimisation, substance use and early sexual debut remained potent risks for relationship harm.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic stimulated unprecedented linkage of datasets worldwide, and while injury is endemic rather than pandemic, there is much to be learned by the injury prevention community from the data science approaches taken to respond to the pandemic to support research into the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of injuries. The use of routinely collected data to produce real-world evidence, as an alternative to clinical trials, has been gaining in popularity as the availability and quality of digital health platforms grow and the linkage landscape, and the analytics required to make best use of linked and unstructured data, is rapidly evolving. Capitalising on existing data sources, innovative linkage and advanced analytic approaches provides the opportunity to undertake novel injury prevention research and generate new knowledge, while avoiding data waste and additional burden to participants. We provide a tangible, but not exhaustive, list of examples showing the breadth and value of data linkage, along with the emerging capabilities of natural language processing techniques to enhance injury research. To optimise data science approaches to injury prevention, injury researchers in this area need to share methods, code, models and tools to improve consistence and efficiencies in this field. Increased collaboration between injury prevention researchers and data scientists working on population data linkage systems has much to offer this field of research.

Background: Paediatric vehicular hyperthermia (PVH) is the leading cause of non-crash vehicle-related death of children in the USA. Public health messaging is an important mitigation strategy, yet it is difficult to assess the effectiveness in reducing deaths. Here, we seek to better understand parent/caregiver perceptions on PVH to guide risk communication.

Methods: This pilot study focuses on a subset of participants (n=127) from a national survey, comprising parents/caregivers who met specific eligibility criteria (ie, those who both drive and have children ≤5 years of age). Survey participants answered questions about the perceived severity of forgetting a child in a hot car and their susceptibility to doing so, with responses recorded on a 7-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree and 7=strongly agree). : R : e : s : u : l : t : s : Our findings indicate that while on average (mean responses of 2.45 and 2.49) parents/caregivers did not consider themselves susceptible, they did acknowledge the severity (mean response of 6.12) of leaving a child unattended in a vehicle. The results suggest that because of this low perceived susceptibility, parents/caregivers are less likely to take protective actions aimed at preventing these incidents from happening.

Conclusions: Public health messaging on PVH should emphasise the universal risk to all parents/caregivers so as to foster greater awareness of the need to take protective actions. Furthermore, engaging secondary audiences such as teachers and healthcare professionals can amplify this message and offer concrete behavioural interventions to mitigate the risk of forgetting a child in a car.