Yara K Haddad, Gabrielle F Miller, Ramakrishna Kakara, Curtis Florence, Gwen Bergen, Elizabeth Rose Burns, Adam Atherly
Background: The older adult (65+) population in the USA is increasing and with it the number of medically treated falls. In 2015, healthcare spending attributable to older adult falls was approximately US$50 billion. We aim to update the estimated medical expenditures attributable to older adult non-fatal falls.
Methods: Generalised linear models using 2017, 2019 and 2021 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and cost supplement files were used to estimate the association of falls with healthcare expenditures while adjusting for demographic characteristics and health conditions in the model. To portion out the share of total healthcare spending attributable to falls versus not, we adjusted for demographic characteristics and health conditions, including self-reported health status and certain comorbidities associated with increased risk of falling or higher healthcare expenditure. We calculated a fall-attributable fraction of expenditure as total expenditures minus total expenditures with no falls divided by total expenditures. We applied the fall-attributable fraction of expenditure from the regression model to the 2020 total expenditures from the National Health Expenditure Data to calculate total healthcare spending attributable to older adult falls.
Results: In 2020, healthcare expenditure for non-fatal falls was US$80.0 billion, with the majority paid by Medicare.
Conclusion: Healthcare spending for non-fatal older adult falls was substantially higher than previously reported estimates. This highlights the growing economic burden attributable to older adult falls and these findings can be used to inform policies on fall prevention efforts in the USA.
{"title":"Healthcare spending for non-fatal falls among older adults, USA.","authors":"Yara K Haddad, Gabrielle F Miller, Ramakrishna Kakara, Curtis Florence, Gwen Bergen, Elizabeth Rose Burns, Adam Atherly","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The older adult (65+) population in the USA is increasing and with it the number of medically treated falls. In 2015, healthcare spending attributable to older adult falls was approximately US$50 billion. We aim to update the estimated medical expenditures attributable to older adult non-fatal falls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Generalised linear models using 2017, 2019 and 2021 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and cost supplement files were used to estimate the association of falls with healthcare expenditures while adjusting for demographic characteristics and health conditions in the model. To portion out the share of total healthcare spending attributable to falls versus not, we adjusted for demographic characteristics and health conditions, including self-reported health status and certain comorbidities associated with increased risk of falling or higher healthcare expenditure. We calculated a fall-attributable fraction of expenditure as total expenditures minus total expenditures with no falls divided by total expenditures. We applied the fall-attributable fraction of expenditure from the regression model to the 2020 total expenditures from the National Health Expenditure Data to calculate total healthcare spending attributable to older adult falls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, healthcare expenditure for non-fatal falls was US$80.0 billion, with the majority paid by Medicare.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Healthcare spending for non-fatal older adult falls was substantially higher than previously reported estimates. This highlights the growing economic burden attributable to older adult falls and these findings can be used to inform policies on fall prevention efforts in the USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Injury is a major challenge to global public health. Analysing the trend of injury incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 and predicting future trends in incidence can provide a theoretical basis for injury prevention and control in China.
Methods: We collected age-standardised incidence rates of injuries in China from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We analysed trends using joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models. A prediction study was conducted using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.
Results: From 1990 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in transport injuries, a decreasing trend in unintentional injuries and a decreasing trend in self-harm and interpersonal violence. The high-risk age for transport injuries, unintentional injuries and self-harm and interpersonal violence were 20-69 years (relative risk (RR)>1), ≤14 and ≥80 years (RR>1) and 20-24 years (RR=2.311, 95% CI 2.296 to 2.326), respectively. Projections indicate that by 2030, the incidence of transport and unintentional injuries will increase, whereas the incidence of self-harm and interpersonal violence will decrease.
Conclusion: The age group with the highest risk of transport injuries, unintentional injuries and self-harm and interpersonal violence were the 20-69 years, ≤ 14 and ≥80 years and 20-24 years age groups, respectively. Transport injuries and unintentional injuries will increase in 2020-2030, while self-harm and interpersonal violence will decrease. These can serve as a basis for developing measures to prevent and manage the impact of injuries.
{"title":"Trend analysis and prediction of injury incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 based on Bayesian age-period-cohort model.","authors":"Yuanjie Meng, Chaocai Wang, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Injury is a major challenge to global public health. Analysing the trend of injury incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 and predicting future trends in incidence can provide a theoretical basis for injury prevention and control in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected age-standardised incidence rates of injuries in China from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We analysed trends using joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models. A prediction study was conducted using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in transport injuries, a decreasing trend in unintentional injuries and a decreasing trend in self-harm and interpersonal violence. The high-risk age for transport injuries, unintentional injuries and self-harm and interpersonal violence were 20-69 years (relative risk (RR)>1), ≤14 and ≥80 years (RR>1) and 20-24 years (RR=2.311, 95% CI 2.296 to 2.326), respectively. Projections indicate that by 2030, the incidence of transport and unintentional injuries will increase, whereas the incidence of self-harm and interpersonal violence will decrease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The age group with the highest risk of transport injuries, unintentional injuries and self-harm and interpersonal violence were the 20-69 years, ≤ 14 and ≥80 years and 20-24 years age groups, respectively. Transport injuries and unintentional injuries will increase in 2020-2030, while self-harm and interpersonal violence will decrease. These can serve as a basis for developing measures to prevent and manage the impact of injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To identify risk factors associated with falls in older people in rural China.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted across 27 villages in the rural areas of Ningxia, China. After excluding individuals younger than 60 years, a total of 758 out of the initial 822 participants were ultimately included for the collection of baseline information. Participants were followed up through telephone calls or face-to-face interviews at 3rd, 6th and 12th months following the baseline investigation. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine risk factors of falls.
Results: A total of 758 participants underwent baseline information surveys, and all samples were included in the Cox model analysis. The study found that being woman (RR=1.879, 95% CI: 1.313 to 2.668), smoking (RR=1.972, 95% CI: 1.238 to 3.143), use of painkillers (RR=1.700, 95% CI: 1.226 to 2.356) and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (RR=1.081, 95% CI: 1.013 to 1.154) were associated with higher risk of falls among the elderly in rural China. After excluding those who were lost to follow-up or deceased, 738 participants completed the follow-up. There were 341 men (46.2%) and 397 women (53.8%), with an average age of 66.8±5.0 years. The fall rate in study area was 23.8% during the follow-up period.
Conclusions: The fall rate among the elderly in rural China was higher than other areas. Our findings revealed that being woman, smoking, medication usage, elevated SBP and people with a higher body mass index were risk factors for developing falls.
{"title":"Risk factors of falls in rural elderly of Ningxia in China: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Qingan Wang, Guoqi Wang, Binxia Wang, Xiaoxia Li, Xiuying Liu, Ting Yin, Jinyun Jing, Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify risk factors associated with falls in older people in rural China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted across 27 villages in the rural areas of Ningxia, China. After excluding individuals younger than 60 years, a total of 758 out of the initial 822 participants were ultimately included for the collection of baseline information. Participants were followed up through telephone calls or face-to-face interviews at 3rd, 6th and 12th months following the baseline investigation. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine risk factors of falls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 758 participants underwent baseline information surveys, and all samples were included in the Cox model analysis. The study found that being woman (RR=1.879, 95% CI: 1.313 to 2.668), smoking (RR=1.972, 95% CI: 1.238 to 3.143), use of painkillers (RR=1.700, 95% CI: 1.226 to 2.356) and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (RR=1.081, 95% CI: 1.013 to 1.154) were associated with higher risk of falls among the elderly in rural China. After excluding those who were lost to follow-up or deceased, 738 participants completed the follow-up. There were 341 men (46.2%) and 397 women (53.8%), with an average age of 66.8±5.0 years. The fall rate in study area was 23.8% during the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fall rate among the elderly in rural China was higher than other areas. Our findings revealed that being woman, smoking, medication usage, elevated SBP and people with a higher body mass index were risk factors for developing falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brady Bushover, Christina A Mehranbod, Leah E Roberts, Ariana N Gobaud, Carolyn Fish, Xiang Gao, Siddhesh Zadey, Christopher N Morrison
Introduction: Firearm violence is a major public health issue in the USA. There is growing evidence that firearm violence is associated with higher ambient temperatures. The aim of this study was to test competing hypotheses that could explain associations between temperature and firearm violence: temperature-aggression theory and routine activities theory.
Methods: We examined associations between elevated daily temperatures and shooting incidents in four US cities: Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio; New York, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Temperature was operationalised using two different measures: daily maximum temperature and deviations of the daily maximum temperature from 30-year averages. Generalised linear autoregressive moving average models related temperature to shooting incidence while controlling for seasonal effects.
Results: As maximum daily temperature deviates from the expected, there was an association with increased shooting incidents in all four cities (eg, New York: b=0.014, 95% CI=0.011 to 0.017). An interaction term created by multiplying daily maximum temperature by the daily difference of maximum temperature from a 30-year average was also found to have a positive association in all four cities (eg, New York: b=0.020, 95% CI=0.016 to 0.025).
Discussion: These findings accord with previous studies demonstrating a positive relationship between temperature and firearm violence and further support temperature-aggression theory as the primary causal mechanism.
{"title":"Temperature and firearm violence in four US cities: testing competing hypotheses.","authors":"Brady Bushover, Christina A Mehranbod, Leah E Roberts, Ariana N Gobaud, Carolyn Fish, Xiang Gao, Siddhesh Zadey, Christopher N Morrison","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Firearm violence is a major public health issue in the USA. There is growing evidence that firearm violence is associated with higher ambient temperatures. The aim of this study was to test competing hypotheses that could explain associations between temperature and firearm violence: temperature-aggression theory and routine activities theory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined associations between elevated daily temperatures and shooting incidents in four US cities: Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio; New York, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Temperature was operationalised using two different measures: daily maximum temperature and deviations of the daily maximum temperature from 30-year averages. Generalised linear autoregressive moving average models related temperature to shooting incidence while controlling for seasonal effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As maximum daily temperature deviates from the expected, there was an association with increased shooting incidents in all four cities (eg, New York: b=0.014, 95% CI=0.011 to 0.017). An interaction term created by multiplying daily maximum temperature by the daily difference of maximum temperature from a 30-year average was also found to have a positive association in all four cities (eg, New York: b=0.020, 95% CI=0.016 to 0.025).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings accord with previous studies demonstrating a positive relationship between temperature and firearm violence and further support temperature-aggression theory as the primary causal mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Achieving sufficient adherence with injury prevention exercise programmes is a challenge. The aim was to explore how amateur football coaches experience the use of and support for injury prevention training using the Knee Control programmes as examples.
Methods: Semistructured interviews with 20 amateur football coaches around experiences of injury prevention training, facilitators and barriers, and perceived support, analysed with qualitative content analysis. Participants coached male and female, junior and senior teams. Experience of having used the Knee Control programmes was an inclusion criteria.
Results: Four main categories were developed: Why are we really doing this?, How do we make it work?, What are our drivers and challenges? and What could be improved? Coaches were motivated for injury prevention training but faced challenges such as limited access to football grounds and low player motivation. To make the prevention programme work for them, they integrated it and used exercises in the pauses during football-specific drills, or used as a warm-up. Many conducted prevention routines from an early player age. Coaches believed preventive training use could be further enhanced by education and practical support, and by football associations and clubs working together to reduce injuries.
Conclusion: Coaches were motivated and creatively worked with the prevention programme to make it fit their team. Even coaches with long-term experience of using prevention programmes wanted support, indicating that present implementation strategies targeting those about to start using prevention programmes should be complemented by continuous support for maintained use. These strategies should preferably target both coaches and players.
{"title":"'We may need some help; we are just parents who have chosen to engage in football': a qualitative study on amateur coaches' experiences of use of and support for injury prevention training in Sweden.","authors":"Hanna Lindblom, Sofi Sonesson, Martin Hägglund","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Achieving sufficient adherence with injury prevention exercise programmes is a challenge. The aim was to explore how amateur football coaches experience the use of and support for injury prevention training using the <i>Knee Control</i> programmes as examples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semistructured interviews with 20 amateur football coaches around experiences of injury prevention training, facilitators and barriers, and perceived support, analysed with qualitative content analysis. Participants coached male and female, junior and senior teams. Experience of having used the <i>Knee Control</i> programmes was an inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main categories were developed: <i>Why are we really doing this?</i>, <i>How do we make it work?</i>, <i>What are our drivers and challenges?</i> and <i>What could be improved?</i> Coaches were motivated for injury prevention training but faced challenges such as limited access to football grounds and low player motivation. To make the prevention programme work for them, they integrated it and used exercises in the pauses during football-specific drills, or used as a warm-up. Many conducted prevention routines from an early player age. Coaches believed preventive training use could be further enhanced by education and practical support, and by football associations and clubs working together to reduce injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coaches were motivated and creatively worked with the prevention programme to make it fit their team. Even coaches with long-term experience of using prevention programmes wanted support, indicating that present implementation strategies targeting those about to start using prevention programmes should be complemented by continuous support for maintained use. These strategies should preferably target both coaches and players.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Takagi-Stewart, Laura C Prater, Erika Marts, Pooja Ayachit, Tiago S Jesus
Background: Mobility disability impacts approximately 12% of the US population; females are overrepresented among persons with mobility disability. Those with mobility disability are at increased risk of suicide compared with their non-disabled counterparts. Suicide using a firearm has increased among females in the last two decades. This study aims to describe and explore significant circumstantial variables (eg, socio-demographic, health indicators) preceding firearm suicide among females with mobility disability as compared with females without mobility disability.
Methods: This is a secondary comparative, retrospective analysis of the narrative data from the National Violent Death Reporting System Restricted Access Database. Persons with mobility disability were identified through text mining and manual review and subsequently analysed with a summative form of content analysis. Pearson/Fisher's X2 or t-tests were used to assess differences in the circumstantial variables between those with and without mobility disabilities.
Results: Among female firearm suicide decedents, persons with mobility disability were more commonly older (p<0.001), identified as a homemaker (p<0.001), were perceived to be in a depressed mood before death (p<0.05), had a history of suicidal thoughts (p<0.05) and were perceived to have physical pain (p<0.001); they less commonly had relationship problems (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Females with mobility disability who die by firearm suicide may be differentiated from suicide decedents without mobility disability by age, employment status, depressive mood, relationship problems and physical pain. The significance of these variables as independent risk factors for firearm suicide may be tested with prospective study designs, which in turn may inform the development of targeted or disability-inclusive prevention strategies.
背景:美国约有 12% 的人口患有行动不便症;女性在行动不便者中所占比例较高。与非残疾人相比,行动不便者的自杀风险更高。在过去二十年中,女性使用枪支自杀的人数有所增加。本研究旨在描述和探讨行动不便女性与非行动不便女性持枪自杀前的重要环境变量(如社会人口学、健康指标等):这是对国家暴力死亡报告系统限制访问数据库中的叙述性数据进行的二次比较和回顾性分析。通过文本挖掘和人工审核确定了行动不便者,随后对其进行了总结性的内容分析。采用皮尔逊/费舍尔 X2 或 t 检验来评估行动不便者与非行动不便者之间的环境变量差异:结果:在持枪自杀的女性死者中,行动不便者通常年龄较大(p结论:在年龄、就业状况、抑郁情绪、人际关系问题和身体疼痛等方面,有行动障碍的女性持枪自杀者可能有别于无行动障碍的自杀者。这些变量作为持枪自杀的独立风险因素的重要性可通过前瞻性研究设计进行检验,进而为制定有针对性或兼顾残疾问题的预防策略提供信息。
{"title":"Circumstantial variables preceding firearm suicide among females with and without mobility disability in the USA: comparative analysis using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System.","authors":"Julian Takagi-Stewart, Laura C Prater, Erika Marts, Pooja Ayachit, Tiago S Jesus","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mobility disability impacts approximately 12% of the US population; females are overrepresented among persons with mobility disability. Those with mobility disability are at increased risk of suicide compared with their non-disabled counterparts. Suicide using a firearm has increased among females in the last two decades. This study aims to describe and explore significant circumstantial variables (eg, socio-demographic, health indicators) preceding firearm suicide among females with mobility disability as compared with females without mobility disability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary comparative, retrospective analysis of the narrative data from the National Violent Death Reporting System Restricted Access Database. Persons with mobility disability were identified through text mining and manual review and subsequently analysed with a summative form of content analysis. Pearson/Fisher's X<sup>2</sup> or t-tests were used to assess differences in the circumstantial variables between those with and without mobility disabilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among female firearm suicide decedents, persons with mobility disability were more commonly older (p<0.001), identified as a homemaker (p<0.001), were perceived to be in a depressed mood before death (p<0.05), had a history of suicidal thoughts (p<0.05) and were perceived to have physical pain (p<0.001); they less commonly had relationship problems (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Females with mobility disability who die by firearm suicide may be differentiated from suicide decedents without mobility disability by age, employment status, depressive mood, relationship problems and physical pain. The significance of these variables as independent risk factors for firearm suicide may be tested with prospective study designs, which in turn may inform the development of targeted or disability-inclusive prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Good eye protection is the most important factor in preventing eye injuries. Most eye injuries are due to the improper use or lack of use of eye protection equipment. Therefore, this study aims to assess eye protection practice and associated factors among welders in small-scale industries in Hosanna town of Southern Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 welders between 14 August and 14 September 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data entered into Epi-data V.4.6 and analysed using a statistical package for social science V.25.0. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the characteristics of study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with eye protection practice. Finally, the OR with a corresponding 95% CI was computed to show the strength of the association. A p value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.
Results: A total of 420 study participants were included. Good eye protection practice was 43.6% (95% CI 43.41 to 43.79). Monthly income between 4000 and 8000 and above 8000 Ethiopian birr, knowledge (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.90, 95% CI 1.96 to 7.78), permanent work pattern (AOR=2.86, 95% CI 1.59 to 5.17), previous ocular trauma (AOR=3.09, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.22) were positively associated with good eye protection practice.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed poor eye protection practice among welders. Factors such as monthly income, previous ocular injury, work pattern and knowledge of eye Personal Protective Equipment were significantly associated with eye protection practice.
目的:良好的护眼设备是防止眼睛受伤的最重要因素。大多数眼伤都是由于不正确使用或不使用护眼设备造成的。因此,本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部 Hosanna 镇小型工业焊工的护眼措施及相关因素:在 2023 年 8 月 14 日至 9 月 14 日期间对 420 名焊工进行了横断面研究。采用结构化问卷收集数据,输入 Epi-data V.4.6,并使用社会科学统计软件包 V.25.0 进行分析。描述性统计用于描述研究参与者的特征。此外,还进行了二元逻辑回归分析,以确定与护眼措施相关的因素。最后,计算出 OR 值及相应的 95% CI,以显示关联的强度。结果共纳入了 420 名研究参与者。良好护眼习惯的比例为 43.6%(95% CI 为 43.41 至 43.79)。月收入在 4000 至 8000 埃塞俄比亚比尔之间和 8000 埃塞俄比亚比尔以上、知识(调整后 OR (AOR)=3.90,95% CI 1.96 至 7.78)、长期工作模式(AOR=2.86,95% CI 1.59 至 5.17)、以前的眼外伤(AOR=3.09,95% CI 1.53 至 6.22)与良好的护眼习惯呈正相关:本研究结果显示,焊工的护眼习惯较差。月收入、以前的眼外伤、工作模式和对眼部个人防护设备的了解等因素与护眼措施显著相关。
{"title":"Ocular protection practice and associated factors among welders in small-scale industries in Hosanna town, Southern Ethiopia, 2023.","authors":"Getenet Shumet Birhan, Henock Erkeno Wossoro, Nebiyat Feleke Admassu, Biruk Lelisa Eticha","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Good eye protection is the most important factor in preventing eye injuries. Most eye injuries are due to the improper use or lack of use of eye protection equipment. Therefore, this study aims to assess eye protection practice and associated factors among welders in small-scale industries in Hosanna town of Southern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 welders between 14 August and 14 September 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data entered into Epi-data V.4.6 and analysed using a statistical package for social science V.25.0. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the characteristics of study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with eye protection practice. Finally, the OR with a corresponding 95% CI was computed to show the strength of the association. A p value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 420 study participants were included. Good eye protection practice was 43.6% (95% CI 43.41 to 43.79). Monthly income between 4000 and 8000 and above 8000 Ethiopian birr, knowledge (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.90, 95% CI 1.96 to 7.78), permanent work pattern (AOR=2.86, 95% CI 1.59 to 5.17), previous ocular trauma (AOR=3.09, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.22) were positively associated with good eye protection practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study revealed poor eye protection practice among welders. Factors such as monthly income, previous ocular injury, work pattern and knowledge of eye Personal Protective Equipment were significantly associated with eye protection practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liesbeth Verlinde, Femke Verlinde, Shauni Van Doren, David De Coninck, Jaan Toelen
Objectives: Although cycling is a healthy, ecological and practical way of transportation, it is not without risk. The effect of bicycle helmets to prevent head injuries on crashing has been extensively investigated. Nonetheless, the overall use of helmets by adolescents remains low. While various interventions to increase helmet use have been adopted, adolescents' perspectives on these interventions have not been extensively explored. In our study, we aim to understand the facilitators and barriers to bicycle helmet use by adolescents and their perspectives on injury prevention campaigns.
Methods: A qualitative methodology was selected. A convenience sample of three schools in Belgium was selected for participation. 12 focus groups were conducted with a total of 84 adolescents aged 12-17 years in the second, third or fourth year of secondary school.
Results: Four key themes regarding adolescents' views on safe cycling practices emerged from the analysis: external motivation, internal motivation, factors specific to the helmet and the cycling environment. The main barriers to bicycle helmet use identified by adolescents were peer pressure, appearance and discomfort. The perceived risks of cycling without a helmet among adolescents were low. Mandatory bicycle helmet laws and non-legislative programmes were considered to be an effective strategy by the study participants. Parental strategies, including strict parental rules and parental helmet use, further contributed to wear a bicycle helmet.
Conclusion: The results of this qualitative study add to the literature by expanding the understanding of motivation for bicycle helmet use and should be considered when designing interventions to promote bicycle helmet use.
{"title":"Cycle safe or cycle cool? Adolescents' views on bicycle helmet use and injury prevention campaigns in Belgium.","authors":"Liesbeth Verlinde, Femke Verlinde, Shauni Van Doren, David De Coninck, Jaan Toelen","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although cycling is a healthy, ecological and practical way of transportation, it is not without risk. The effect of bicycle helmets to prevent head injuries on crashing has been extensively investigated. Nonetheless, the overall use of helmets by adolescents remains low. While various interventions to increase helmet use have been adopted, adolescents' perspectives on these interventions have not been extensively explored. In our study, we aim to understand the facilitators and barriers to bicycle helmet use by adolescents and their perspectives on injury prevention campaigns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative methodology was selected. A convenience sample of three schools in Belgium was selected for participation. 12 focus groups were conducted with a total of 84 adolescents aged 12-17 years in the second, third or fourth year of secondary school.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four key themes regarding adolescents' views on safe cycling practices emerged from the analysis: external motivation, internal motivation, factors specific to the helmet and the cycling environment. The main barriers to bicycle helmet use identified by adolescents were peer pressure, appearance and discomfort. The perceived risks of cycling without a helmet among adolescents were low. Mandatory bicycle helmet laws and non-legislative programmes were considered to be an effective strategy by the study participants. Parental strategies, including strict parental rules and parental helmet use, further contributed to wear a bicycle helmet.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this qualitative study add to the literature by expanding the understanding of motivation for bicycle helmet use and should be considered when designing interventions to promote bicycle helmet use.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin Wright-Kelly, Jessica Theresa Buck-Atkinson, Marian E Betz, Kate Little, Jani S Little, Beverly E Kingston, Eric Sigel, Sabrina Arredondo-Mattson
Background: The Gun Shop Project aims to reduce firearm suicide and is widely implemented in the USA, yet little is known about the core firearm business practices and behaviours that might contribute to preventing firearm suicide.
Methods: Owners or managers of all firearm businesses identified as participants in Colorado's Gun Shop Project were invited to respond to a questionnaire. Data collection occurred from March to May 2021. Analyses included unweighted descriptive statistics with CIs and Pearson χ2 tests for categorical associations.
Results: 54 firearm businesses participated (response rate: 28%). Under half reported practices that are Gun Shop Project core aspects (range: 14%-45%). 22% of businesses frequently engaged customers on the importance of safe firearm storage in suicide prevention while 26% had denied a firearm sale and 14% had assisted with temporary secure storage in the past year with customers perceived to be in suicidal crisis. However, high proportions reported willingness to engage in these behaviours if a customer was in crisis: 74% were willing to refuse a sale of a firearm or ammunition, 70% were willing to discuss temporary secure storage options and 70% were willing to direct customers to mental health services.
Conclusions: This study suggests that efforts to continue educating and involving firearm businesses may have an impact on the adoption of organisational suicide prevention practices and behaviours. Ongoing efforts are needed to understand core components of Gun Shop Project to inform standardised recommendations for effective firearm business practices that prevent firearm suicide.
{"title":"Firearm businesses as partners in suicide prevention: a cross-sectional study of the Gun Shop Project in Colorado, USA.","authors":"Erin Wright-Kelly, Jessica Theresa Buck-Atkinson, Marian E Betz, Kate Little, Jani S Little, Beverly E Kingston, Eric Sigel, Sabrina Arredondo-Mattson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Gun Shop Project aims to reduce firearm suicide and is widely implemented in the USA, yet little is known about the core firearm business practices and behaviours that might contribute to preventing firearm suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Owners or managers of all firearm businesses identified as participants in Colorado's Gun Shop Project were invited to respond to a questionnaire. Data collection occurred from March to May 2021. Analyses included unweighted descriptive statistics with CIs and Pearson χ<sup>2</sup> tests for categorical associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>54 firearm businesses participated (response rate: 28%). Under half reported practices that are Gun Shop Project core aspects (range: 14%-45%). 22% of businesses frequently engaged customers on the importance of safe firearm storage in suicide prevention while 26% had denied a firearm sale and 14% had assisted with temporary secure storage in the past year with customers perceived to be in suicidal crisis. However, high proportions reported willingness to engage in these behaviours if a customer was in crisis: 74% were willing to refuse a sale of a firearm or ammunition, 70% were willing to discuss temporary secure storage options and 70% were willing to direct customers to mental health services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that efforts to continue educating and involving firearm businesses may have an impact on the adoption of organisational suicide prevention practices and behaviours. Ongoing efforts are needed to understand core components of Gun Shop Project to inform standardised recommendations for effective firearm business practices that prevent firearm suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Brockie, Lawrence Wissow, Jacquelyn C Campbell, Jerreed Ivanich, Katie Nelson, Gwenyth Wallen, Lawrence Wetsit, Holly Wilcox
Introduction: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Native American youth and adolescents in the USA. A myriad of factors have been correlated with risk for suicide ideation (SI)/suicide attempt (SA), including historical trauma; however, accurate measurement of historical trauma has been inconsistent.
Objective: To examine the association of family history of a negative mandatory boarding school experience with SI and SAs.
Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted with 288 Native youth aged 15-24 years from the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana. Multinomial regression was applied adjusting for other known risk and protective factors of SI and SAs.
Results: Thirty-five percent reported past SAs and 15% reported ideation without prior attempt. Of the 129 (45%) reporting a family history of mandatory boarding school experiences, 28% perceived the experience as positive while 22% as negative. After adjusting for risk and protective factors, both SI and SAs were associated with a family history of negative mandatory boarding school experiences (adjusted OR (AOR)=4.8 and 4.3, respectively) and polydrug use (AOR=3.6 and 2.3). SAs were also associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR=2.6) and depressive symptoms (AOR=3.6).
Conclusion: The association between family history of negative mandatory boarding school experiences and SI and SAs implies that culturally responsive interventions are needed to reduce the intergenerational impacts of historical trauma.
导言:自杀是导致美国本土青少年死亡的主要原因。与自杀意念(SI)/自杀未遂(SA)风险相关的因素不胜枚举,其中包括历史创伤;然而,对历史创伤的准确测量并不一致:研究寄宿学校的负面家庭经历与自杀意念和自杀未遂的关联:对蒙大拿州派克堡保留地 288 名 15-24 岁的原住民青年进行了匿名在线调查。采用多项式回归法对其他已知的 SI 和 SA 风险和保护因素进行了调整:35%的人报告了过去的自伤行为,15%的人报告了未尝试过的意念行为。在 129 名(45%)报告有家庭强制寄宿学校经历的人中,28% 的人认为这种经历是积极的,22% 的人认为是消极的。在对风险和保护性因素进行调整后,SI 和 SA 均与寄宿学校的负面家庭经历(调整后 OR (AOR)=4.8 和 4.3)和使用多种药物(AOR=3.6 和 2.3)有关。SAs还与创伤后应激障碍(AOR=2.6)和抑郁症状(AOR=3.6)有关:结论:寄宿学校的负面家庭经历与 SI 和 SAs 之间的关联意味着,需要采取文化应对干预措施,以减少历史创伤的代际影响。
{"title":"Relationship between family history of mandatory boarding school experiences and suicide risk in US reservation-based Native American youth: a cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Teresa Brockie, Lawrence Wissow, Jacquelyn C Campbell, Jerreed Ivanich, Katie Nelson, Gwenyth Wallen, Lawrence Wetsit, Holly Wilcox","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Suicide is a leading cause of death among Native American youth and adolescents in the USA. A myriad of factors have been correlated with risk for suicide ideation (SI)/suicide attempt (SA), including historical trauma; however, accurate measurement of historical trauma has been inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of family history of a negative mandatory boarding school experience with SI and SAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous online survey was conducted with 288 Native youth aged 15-24 years from the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana. Multinomial regression was applied adjusting for other known risk and protective factors of SI and SAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five percent reported past SAs and 15% reported ideation without prior attempt. Of the 129 (45%) reporting a family history of mandatory boarding school experiences, 28% perceived the experience as positive while 22% as negative. After adjusting for risk and protective factors, both SI and SAs were associated with a family history of negative mandatory boarding school experiences (adjusted OR (AOR)=4.8 and 4.3, respectively) and polydrug use (AOR=3.6 and 2.3). SAs were also associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR=2.6) and depressive symptoms (AOR=3.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between family history of negative mandatory boarding school experiences and SI and SAs implies that culturally responsive interventions are needed to reduce the intergenerational impacts of historical trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}