International endodontic journal最新文献

英文中文

Endodontics in the Metaverse: Exploring new Frontiers 元宇宙中的牙髓病学：探索新领域。

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14063

Shima Saber Tahan, Ove A. Peters, Mehran Farajollahi

引用次数: 0

The clinical outcomes of vital intact teeth close to large cystic lesions of endodontic origin: A prospective clinical study 接近牙髓源性大囊性病变的重要完好牙齿的临床结果：前瞻性临床研究。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14050

Francesco Erovigni, Ilaria Bosso, Mario Alovisi, Luca Mela, Lorenzo Bianchi, Ilaria Bobba, Giuseppe Migliaretti, Caterina Chiara Bianchi, Damiano Pasqualini

Aim

To evaluate the indication of the endodontic treatment for vital intact teeth with the root apex involved in large radicular cystic lesions of endodontic origin.

Methodology

This prospective cohort study enrolled healthy participants with radicular cysts of endodontic origin and with the root apex of vital intact teeth involved in the bone defect, as determined by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty-two sound vital teeth were analysed by thermal (TPT) and electric pulp tests (EPT) before surgery (T0) and 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) post-surgery. Student's t-test (p < .05) was used to compare the EPT values at baseline and T4. anova (p < .05) was used to analyse the EPT variations for all maxillary and mandibular teeth. McNemar test (p < .05) was used to compare the results according to variation in EPT values gathering by variation, no variation and no response.

Results

At T1, 75 and 65.7% of teeth responded positively whilst 25 and 34.3% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. The variation of the EPT values between T0 and T1 was observed for 50.0% of teeth, whilst no variation was noticed in 25.0% of teeth. At T4, 90.6 and 87.5% of teeth responded positively whilst 9.4 and 12.5% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. At T4, variation of the EPT values between T0 and T4 was observed for 28.1%, whilst no variation was noticed in 62.5% of teeth. There were no statistical differences in EPT results between T0 and T4 (p > .05), but significant differences were observed for EPT values between T1 and T4 (p < .05), and between mandibular and maxillary teeth. The pulp sensibility of maxillary teeth worsened after surgery, before reverting progressively to T0 values, whilst no statistically significant differences were observed for mandibular teeth at the different time points.

Conclusions

These data support the inconsistence of the prophylactic endodontic treatment in healthy vital teeth with apex involvement in large cystic lesions of endodontic origin. Post-surgery follow-up with TPT and EPT is recommended to assess pulp status.

目的：评估牙髓源性根尖囊肿病变累及根尖的重要完整牙齿的牙髓治疗适应症：这项前瞻性队列研究招募了患有根管源性根尖囊肿的健康参试者，根据锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）确定，骨缺损涉及到了完整的重要牙齿的根尖。在手术前（T0）和手术后 1 周（T1）、2 周（T2）、3 个月（T3）和 6 个月（T4），对 32 颗完好无损的牙齿进行了热测试（TPT）和电髓测试（EPT）。学生 t 检验（P 结果：在 T1，分别有 75% 和 65.7% 的牙齿对 EPT 和 TPT 有积极反应，25% 和 34.3% 的牙齿没有反应。50.0% 的牙齿在 T0 和 T1 之间的 EPT 值有变化，而 25.0% 的牙齿没有变化。在 T4，分别有 90.6% 和 87.5% 的牙齿对 EPT 和 TPT 有积极反应，9.4% 和 12.5% 的牙齿没有反应。在 T4，28.1% 的牙齿在 T0 和 T4 之间的 EPT 值有变化，而 62.5% 的牙齿没有变化。T0 和 T4 之间的 EPT 结果没有统计学差异（p > .05），但 T1 和 T4 之间的 EPT 值有显著差异（p 结论：T1 和 T4 之间的 EPT 值不一致：这些数据支持对牙髓源性大囊性病变中累及顶端的健康活力牙进行预防性牙髓治疗的不一致性。建议使用 TPT 和 EPT 进行术后随访，以评估牙髓状况。

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引用次数: 0

STING inhibition alleviates bone resorption in apical periodontitis STING 抑制剂可减轻根尖牙周炎的骨吸收。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14057

Han-Qing Mao, Lu Zhou, Jia-Qi Li, Yuan-Hao Wen, Zhi Chen, Lu Zhang

Aim

The goal of this study was to investigate the potential effects of an immunotherapeutic drug targeting STING to suppress the overreactive innate immune response and relieve the bone defect in apical periodontitis.

Methodology

We established an apical periodontitis mouse model in Sting^−/− and WT mice in vivo. The progression of apical periodontitis was analysed by micro-CT analysis and H&E staining. The expression level and localization of STING in F4/80⁺ cells were identified by IHC and immunofluorescence staining. RANKL in periapical tissues was tested by IHC staining. TRAP staining was used to detect osteoclasts. To clarify the effect of STING inhibitor C-176 as an immunotherapeutic drug, mice with apical periodontitis were treated with C-176 and the bone loss was identified by H&E, TRAP, RANKL staining and micro-CT. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from Sting^−/− and WT mice and induced to osteoclasts in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory environment in vitro. Moreover, WT BMMs were treated with C-176 to determine the effect on osteoclast differentiation by TRAP staining. The expression levels of osteoclast-related genes were tested using qRT-PCR.

Results

Compared to WT mice, the bone resorption and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced in exposed Sting^−/− mice. In the exposed WT group, STING was activated mainly in F4/80⁺ macrophages. Histological staining revealed the less osteoclasts and lower expression of osteoclast-related factor RANKL in Sting^−/− mice. The treatment of the STING inhibitor C-176 in an apical periodontitis mice model alleviated inflammation progression and bone loss, similar to the effect observed in Sting^−/− mice. Expression of RANKL and osteoclast number in periapical tissues were also decreased after C-176 administration. In vitro, TRAP staining showed fewer positive cells and qRT-PCR reflected decreased expression of osteoclastic marker, Src and Acp5 were detected during osteoclastic differentiation in Sting^−/− and C-176 treated BMMs.

Conclusions

STING was activated and was proven to be a positive factor in bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in apical periodontitis. The STING inhibitor C-176 administration could alleviate the bone loss via modulating local immune response, which provided immunotherapy to the treatment of apical periodontitis.

目的：本研究旨在探讨靶向 STING 的免疫治疗药物对抑制过度反应的先天性免疫反应和缓解根尖牙周炎骨缺损的潜在作用：方法：我们在体内用 STING-/- 和 WT 小鼠建立了根尖牙周炎小鼠模型。方法：我们在 Sting-/- 和 WT 小鼠体内建立了根尖牙周炎小鼠模型，并通过显微 CT 分析和 H&E 染色分析了根尖牙周炎的进展。通过 IHC 和免疫荧光染色确定了 STING 在 F4/80+ 细胞中的表达水平和定位。通过 IHC 染色检测根尖周组织中的 RANKL。TRAP染色用于检测破骨细胞。为了明确 STING 抑制剂 C-176 作为免疫治疗药物的效果，用 C-176 治疗患有根尖牙周炎的小鼠，并通过 H&E、TRAP、RANKL 染色和显微 CT 确定骨质流失情况。从 Sting-/- 和 WT 小鼠身上分离出骨髓源性巨噬细胞（BMMs），并在脂多糖（LPS）诱导的体外炎症环境中诱导成破骨细胞。此外，用C-176处理WT BMM，通过TRAP染色确定其对破骨细胞分化的影响。使用 qRT-PCR 检测破骨细胞相关基因的表达水平：结果：与 WT 组小鼠相比，暴露于 STing-/- 组小鼠的骨吸收和炎症细胞浸润均有所减少。在暴露的 WT 组中，STING 主要在 F4/80+ 巨噬细胞中被激活。组织学染色显示，Sting-/-小鼠的破骨细胞较少，破骨细胞相关因子 RANKL 的表达也较低。在牙根尖牙周炎小鼠模型中使用 STING 抑制剂 C-176 可缓解炎症进展和骨质流失，与在 Sting-/- 小鼠中观察到的效果相似。服用C-176后，根尖周组织中RANKL的表达和破骨细胞的数量也有所减少。在体外，TRAP染色显示阳性细胞减少，qRT-PCR反映出破骨细胞标记物的表达减少，在Sting-/-和C-176处理的BMMs中，破骨细胞分化过程中检测到Src和Acp5：结论：STING被激活并被证明是牙根尖牙周炎骨质流失和破骨细胞生成的积极因素。服用 STING 抑制剂 C-176 可通过调节局部免疫反应缓解骨质流失，为治疗根尖牙周炎提供了免疫疗法。

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引用次数: 0

Association between pulp and periapical disease with type 2 diabetes: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization 牙髓和根尖周病与 2 型糖尿病的关系：双向孟德尔随机试验

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14034

Yuqiang Wang, Jiakang Zhu, Ying Tang, Cui Huang

Aim

This current Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to comprehensively explore the potential bidirectional link between pulp and periapical disease (PAP) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methodology

Summary level data of European-based population genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were employed to undertake this MR study. With the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the instrumental variable, the radial inverse-variance weighted (radial IVW) method with modified second-order weights was applied as the primary method. Additionally, a range of sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate pleiotropy. Results from different sources of outcome were pooled by meta-analysis with the fixed model.

Results

The results of this MR analysis did not suggest a significant impact of pulp and periapical disease on type 2 diabetes (combined OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, p = .033) and vice versa (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96–1.14, p = .329). No significant pleiotropy was detected in the final model after the removal of outliers, demonstrating the reliability of the results in our primary analysis.

Conclusions

With the limitations inherent in the present MR study, there is no significant evidence in either direction to suggest a causal association between pulp and periapical disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

目的：本项孟德尔随机化（MR）研究旨在全面探讨牙髓和根尖周病（PAP）与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）之间的潜在双向联系：本研究采用了基于欧洲人群的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的汇总数据。在选择单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）作为工具变量的情况下，采用了带有修正二阶权重的径向逆方差加权法（radial IVW）作为主要方法。此外，还进行了一系列敏感性分析，以研究多效性。采用固定模型进行荟萃分析，对不同结果来源的结果进行汇总：MR分析结果表明，牙髓和根尖周疾病对2型糖尿病没有显著影响（合并OR = 1.04，95% CI：1.00-1.07，p = .033），反之亦然（OR = 1.04，95% CI：0.96-1.14，p = .329）。剔除异常值后，最终模型中未发现明显的多向性，这表明我们的主要分析结果是可靠的：尽管本磁共振研究存在固有的局限性，但没有明显证据表明牙髓和根尖周病与 2 型糖尿病之间存在因果关系。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of root canal preparation tapers on planktonic bacteria and biofilm reduction in the apical third: A correlative microtomography and microbiological laboratory study 根管预备锥度对根尖三分之一处浮游细菌和生物膜减少的影响：显微层析成像和微生物实验室相关研究。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14052

Fernanda Piffer Garcia Macedo, Adriana de Jesus Soares, Marília Fagury Videira Marceliano-Alves, Elizabeth Martinez, Ricardo Lopes, Luan Ferreira Bastos, Wayne Martins Nascimento, Ana Grasiela Limoeiro, Marcos dos Frozoni

Aim

To evaluate the influence of different preparation tapers on the reduction in planktonic bacteria and biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in the apical third (4 mm) of the mesial roots of mandibular molars, correlating decontamination with canal shape.

Methodology

After microtomography analysis for morphological standardization of the canals, 48 mandibular molar roots, each containing two canals (96 canals), were contaminated with E. faecalis and C. albicans and divided into four groups (n = 11) for canal instrumentation using ProDesign Logic 2 files with different tapers G (.03): # 25.03; G (.04): # 25.04; G (.05): # 25.05; and G (.06): # 25.06 and irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Four roots were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to qualitatively assess biofilm formation. Eight roots were used as the negative control group (samples were not contaminated). Bacteriological samples were taken exclusively from the apical third of the roots before and after chemical–mechanical preparation and bacterial counts were determined (CFU/mL). The final micro-CT scan was used to quantify the volume variation and unprepared canal area in the apical third. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Student–Newman–Keuls and Wilcoxon tests for analysis of microbiological data. anova and the Tukey or Games–Howell test were used for analysis of micro-CT data and Spearman's test for correlations (α = 5%).

Results

All groups showed a significant reduction in bacteria (p < .05), with no statistically significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference in per cent volume increase between groups. The unprepared area (Δ%) was affected by the file used (p = .026) and was significantly lower for G (.06) compared to G (.03). There was no statistically significant correlation among bacterial reduction, volume and unprepared area (p > .05).

Conclusion

The different preparation tapers influenced root canal shaping in the apical third but did not improve decontamination in this region.

目的：评估不同制备锥度对减少下颌磨牙中牙根顶端三分之一（4 毫米）处浮游细菌以及粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌生物膜的影响，并将去污与牙道形状联系起来：在对牙槽骨形态进行标准化的显微层析成像分析之后，对 48 个下颌磨牙根（每个根包含两个牙槽骨（96 个牙槽骨））进行了粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌污染，并将其分为四组（n = 11），使用不同锥度 G (.03) 的 ProDesign Logic 2 锉刀进行牙槽骨器械操作：# 25.03; G (.04):# 25.04; G (.05):# 25.05；和 G (.06)：# 25.06，并用 2.5% 次氯酸钠灌溉。在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下检查四条根系，以定性评估生物膜的形成。八根用作阴性对照组（样品未受污染）。在化学机械制备前后，专门从根尖三分之一处提取细菌样本，并测定细菌计数（CFU/mL）。最终的显微 CT 扫描用于量化根尖三分之一处的体积变化和未制备的根管面积。使用 Kruskal-Wallis、Student-Newman-Keuls 和 Wilcoxon 检验对微生物数据进行统计分析，使用 anova 和 Tukey 或 Games-Howell 检验对显微 CT 数据进行分析，使用 Spearman 检验对相关性进行分析（α = 5%）：结果：所有组的细菌数量都明显减少（P .05）：结论：不同的预备锥度会影响根尖三分之一处的根管成形，但不会改善该区域的净化效果。

{"title":"The effect of root canal preparation tapers on planktonic bacteria and biofilm reduction in the apical third: A correlative microtomography and microbiological laboratory study","authors":"Fernanda Piffer Garcia Macedo, Adriana de Jesus Soares, Marília Fagury Videira Marceliano-Alves, Elizabeth Martinez, Ricardo Lopes, Luan Ferreira Bastos, Wayne Martins Nascimento, Ana Grasiela Limoeiro, Marcos dos Frozoni","doi":"10.1111/iej.14052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the influence of different preparation tapers on the reduction in planktonic bacteria and biofilms of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> in the apical third (4 mm) of the mesial roots of mandibular molars, correlating decontamination with canal shape.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After microtomography analysis for morphological standardization of the canals, 48 mandibular molar roots, each containing two canals (96 canals), were contaminated with <i>E</i>. <i>faecalis</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>albicans</i> and divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 11) for canal instrumentation using ProDesign Logic 2 files with different tapers G (.03): # 25.03; G (.04): # 25.04; G (.05): # 25.05; and G (.06): # 25.06 and irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Four roots were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to qualitatively assess biofilm formation. Eight roots were used as the negative control group (samples were not contaminated). Bacteriological samples were taken exclusively from the apical third of the roots before and after chemical–mechanical preparation and bacterial counts were determined (CFU/mL). The final micro-CT scan was used to quantify the volume variation and unprepared canal area in the apical third. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Student–Newman–Keuls and Wilcoxon tests for analysis of microbiological data. <span>anova</span> and the Tukey or Games–Howell test were used for analysis of micro-CT data and Spearman's test for correlations (<i>α</i> = 5%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All groups showed a significant reduction in bacteria (<i>p</i> < .05), with no statistically significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference in per cent volume increase between groups. The unprepared area (Δ%) was affected by the file used (<i>p</i> = .026) and was significantly lower for G (.06) compared to G (.03). There was no statistically significant correlation among bacterial reduction, volume and unprepared area (<i>p</i> > .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The different preparation tapers influenced root canal shaping in the apical third but did not improve decontamination in this region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanoparticulate bioceramic putty suppresses osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss in mice via inhibition of TRAF6-mediated signalling pathways: A laboratory investigation 纳米微粒生物陶瓷腻子通过抑制 TRAF6 介导的信号通路抑制小鼠破骨细胞生成和炎性骨质流失：实验室研究

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14051

Zijun Wang, Jie Zhang, Xiaoyue Sun, Jingjing Yu, Bingqian Liu, Bin Peng, Li Wang, Jingwen Yang, Lingxin Zhu

Aim

This study aimed to determine the effects of iRoot BP Plus on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and inflammation-mediated bone resorption in vivo and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methodology

CCK-8 was performed to test cell viability in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells and BMDMs in response to iRoot BP Plus. The effect of iRoot BP Plus on osteoclastogenesis was determined using TRAP staining and phalloidin staining, respectively. Pit formation assay was conducted to measure osteoclast resorptive capacity. Western blot and qPCR were performed to examine osteoclast-related proteins and gene expression, respectively. Western blot was also used to investigate the signalling pathways involved. For in vivo experiments, an LPS-induced mouse calvarial bone resorption model was established to analyse the effect of iRoot BP Plus on bone resorption (n = 6 per group). At 7 days, mouse calvaria were collected and prepared for histological analysis.

Results

We identified that iRoot BP Plus extracts significantly attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, reduced sealing zone formation, restrained osteolytic capacity and decreased osteoclast-specific gene expression (p < .01). Mechanistically, iRoot BP Plus extracts reduced TRAF6 via proteasomal degradation, then suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), blocked the nuclear translocation of c-Fos and diminished nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and NFATc1 accumulation. Consistent with the in vitro results, iRoot BP Plus extracts attenuated osteoclast activity thus protecting against inflammatory bone resorption in vivo (p < .05), which was accompanied by a suppression of TRAF6, c-Fos, NFATc1 and cathepsin K expression.

Conclusion

These findings provide valuable insights into the signalling mechanisms underlying nanoparticulate bioceramic putty-mediated bone homeostasis.

目的：本研究旨在确定iRoot BP Plus对体外核因子κB配体受体激活剂（RANKL）诱导的破骨细胞生成和体内炎症介导的骨吸收的影响，并研究其潜在的分子机制：用 CCK-8 检测 RANKL 诱导的 RAW 264.7 细胞和 BMDMs 对 iRoot BP Plus 的反应。iRoot BP Plus 对破骨细胞生成的影响分别通过 TRAP 染色和类磷脂染色来确定。坑形成试验用于测量破骨细胞的吸收能力。Western 印迹和 qPCR 分别用于检测破骨细胞相关蛋白和基因表达。此外，还使用 Western 印迹法研究了相关的信号通路。在体内实验中，建立了 LPS 诱导的小鼠小腿骨吸收模型，以分析 iRoot BP Plus 对骨吸收的影响（每组 6 人）。7 天后，收集小鼠钙片并准备进行组织学分析：这些发现为了解纳米微粒生物陶瓷腻子介导骨平衡的信号机制提供了宝贵的见解。

{"title":"Nanoparticulate bioceramic putty suppresses osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss in mice via inhibition of TRAF6-mediated signalling pathways: A laboratory investigation","authors":"Zijun Wang, Jie Zhang, Xiaoyue Sun, Jingjing Yu, Bingqian Liu, Bin Peng, Li Wang, Jingwen Yang, Lingxin Zhu","doi":"10.1111/iej.14051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine the effects of iRoot BP Plus on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and inflammation-mediated bone resorption in vivo and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CCK-8 was performed to test cell viability in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells and BMDMs in response to iRoot BP Plus. The effect of iRoot BP Plus on osteoclastogenesis was determined using TRAP staining and phalloidin staining, respectively. Pit formation assay was conducted to measure osteoclast resorptive capacity. Western blot and qPCR were performed to examine osteoclast-related proteins and gene expression, respectively. Western blot was also used to investigate the signalling pathways involved. For in vivo experiments, an LPS-induced mouse calvarial bone resorption model was established to analyse the effect of iRoot BP Plus on bone resorption (<i>n</i> = 6 per group). At 7 days, mouse calvaria were collected and prepared for histological analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified that iRoot BP Plus extracts significantly attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, reduced sealing zone formation, restrained osteolytic capacity and decreased osteoclast-specific gene expression (<i>p</i> < .01). Mechanistically, iRoot BP Plus extracts reduced TRAF6 via proteasomal degradation, then suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), blocked the nuclear translocation of c-Fos and diminished nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and NFATc1 accumulation. Consistent with the in vitro results, iRoot BP Plus extracts attenuated osteoclast activity thus protecting against inflammatory bone resorption in vivo (<i>p</i> < .05), which was accompanied by a suppression of TRAF6, c-Fos, NFATc1 and cathepsin K expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide valuable insights into the signalling mechanisms underlying nanoparticulate bioceramic putty-mediated bone homeostasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of supplementary sodium hypochlorite agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots 在模拟未成熟牙根被动消毒过程中，辅助次氯酸钠搅拌技术对体内外口腔多菌种生物膜的影响。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14053

Walbert de Andrade Vieira, Adriana de-Jesus-Soares, Erica M. Lopes, Brenda P. F. A. Gomes, Bruno P. Lima

Aim

To compare the effect of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots.

Methodology

Extracted human teeth were prepared to simulate immature roots. They were infected with a dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilm and cultured for 14 days. The roots were randomly designated into four groups: (1) negative control (PBS), (2) 1.5% NaOCl (CNI), (3) CNI + Ultrasonic activation (UA), (4) CNI + EasyClean agitation (ECA), (5) CNI + XP-endo finisher agitation (XPF), and (6) positive control (6% NaOCl). Biofilm samples were collected from the root canals and used to determine the number of viable cells (colony-forming units), scanning electron microscopy, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The mean colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) were analysed using One-way anova. 16S rRNA sequencing data were analysed for alpha (observed OTUs, Shannon index, and Chao1) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities). The LEfSe analysis was used to determine the effect of treatment procedures on the abundance of root canal microbiota. The significance was set at .05.

Results

PBS and CNI samples had significantly higher CFU/mL counts than UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl samples (p < .05). The pre-treatment, PBS, and CNI groups had significantly greater alpha diversity than the UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl groups (p < .05). NaOCl agitation groups and the 6% NaOCl group achieved a more pronounced reduction in bacteria from the genera Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, and Capnocytophaga.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of passive disinfection protocols was enhanced by NaOCl agitation techniques, suggesting that this supplementary method can improve the outcome of revitalization procedures.

目的：比较在模拟未成熟牙根被动消毒过程中，不同次氯酸钠（NaOCl）搅拌技术对体外口腔多菌种生物膜的影响：方法：取人类牙齿模拟未成熟牙根。方法：取下人类牙齿模拟未成熟牙根，用牙菌斑衍生的多菌种生物膜对其进行感染并培养 14 天。牙根被随机分为四组：(1) 阴性对照组（PBS）；(2) 1.5% NaOCl (CNI)；(3) CNI + 超声波活化 (UA)；(4) CNI + EasyClean 搅拌 (ECA)；(5) CNI + XP-endo Finisher 搅拌 (XPF)；(6) 阳性对照组（6% NaOCl）。从根管中采集生物膜样本，用于测定存活细胞数（菌落形成单位）、扫描电子显微镜和 16S rRNA 基因测序。每毫升菌落形成单位的平均值（CFU/mL）采用单因子anova法进行分析。对 16S rRNA 测序数据进行了阿尔法（观察到的 OTUs、香农指数和 Chao1）和贝塔多样性（Bray-Curtis 差异性）分析。LEfSe 分析用于确定治疗程序对根管微生物群丰度的影响。显著性设定为 0.05：结果：PBS 和 CNI 样品的 CFU/mL 数量明显高于 UA、ECA、XPF 和 6% NaOCl 样品（p 结论：PBS 和 CNI 样品的 CFU/mL 数量明显高于 UA、ECA、XPF 和 6% NaOCl 样品（p）：NaOCl 搅拌技术提高了被动消毒方案的效果，表明这种辅助方法可以改善活化程序的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the early apical release from endodontic hydrogels: A 3D printed model 牙髓水凝胶早期根尖释放的研究：三维打印模型。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14049

Marianne Leveque, Mourad Bekhouche, Jean-Christophe Farges, Raphaël Richert, Maxime Ducret

Aim

Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) using new materials such as hydrogels aim to replace current endodontic treatments, but numerous limitations are to overcome. Apical release was little explored in previous studies, especially regarding hydrogels that incorporate molecules, such as growth factors and antibiotics. Apical release is a key mechanism in achieving regeneration, as it could regulate disinfection or cell colonization. Few models exist for apical release, limiting the transfer of these devices from bench to bedside. This study aims to design a simple and standardized model to identify parameters that influence the early apical release kinetic of molecules from endodontic hydrogels.

Methodology

Endodontic Release Inserts (ERI) were designed to mimic the situation of an immature incisor using three different diameters (Ø 0.5 to 2 mm) and to allow the study of the early release from a hydrogel in a 96-well plate. ERI was produced with a 3D printing machine. The kinetic release was investigated using 2 fluorescent, hydrophobic (BDP-500) and hydrophilic (Fluorescein) molecules, in different hydrogels (fibrin and agarose) and in various media (PBS or serum). The release kinetics were estimated by measuring the fluorescence at different time points (1 to 24 h).

Results

ERI use made it possible to report that apical diameters increase from 500 to 1000 μm was associated with an increase in release from 4.02 ± 1.63% to 11.53 ± 2.38% over 24 h. It also allowed us to report that bottom solution composition change from PBS to human serum was associated with an increase in the release of fatty acid molecules, whilst a decrease in the hydrogel concentration was associated with a variation in release kinetics. Moreover, nano-encapsulation of a molecule was associated with a decreased release over the first 24 h from 5.25 to 0%.

Conclusion

ERI use enables investigation of the parameters influencing release kinetics from endodontic hydrogels. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the interaction of these parameters with each other, in animal models and clinic.

目的：使用水凝胶等新材料的再生牙髓治疗程序（REP）旨在取代目前的牙髓治疗方法，但需要克服许多局限性。以往的研究很少探讨根尖释放的问题，尤其是关于含有生长因子和抗生素等分子的水凝胶。根尖释放是实现再生的关键机制，因为它可以调节消毒或细胞定植。目前很少有用于顶端释放的模型，限制了这些设备从工作台到床边的转移。本研究旨在设计一个简单的标准化模型，以确定影响牙髓水凝胶分子早期根尖释放动力学的参数：设计牙髓释放插件（ERI）的目的是利用三种不同的直径（直径 0.5 至 2 毫米）来模拟未成熟切牙的情况，并在 96 孔板中对水凝胶的早期释放进行研究。ERI是用三维打印设备制作的。在不同的水凝胶（纤维蛋白和琼脂糖）和不同的介质（PBS 或血清）中，使用 2 种荧光、疏水性（BDP-500）和亲水性（荧光素）分子对释放动力学进行了研究。通过测量不同时间点（1 至 24 小时）的荧光来估计释放动力学：使用 ERI 可以发现，根尖直径从 500 μm 增加到 1000 μm，释放量在 24 小时内从 4.02 ± 1.63% 增加到 11.53 ± 2.38%；还可以发现，底部溶液成分从 PBS 到人血清的变化与脂肪酸分子释放量的增加有关，而水凝胶浓度的降低与释放动力学的变化有关。此外，分子的纳米封装与头 24 小时内释放量从 5.25% 降至 0% 有关：结论：使用 ERI 可以研究影响牙髓水凝胶释放动力学的参数。有必要进行进一步研究，以评估这些参数在动物模型和临床中的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Multimethod analysis of large- and low-tapered single file reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow 大锥度和小锥度单档往复式仪器的多方法分析：设计、冶金、机械性能和灌溉流量。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14047

Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Fernando Peña-Bengoa, Natasha C. Ajuz, Victor T. L. Vieira, Jorge N. R. Martins, Duarte Marques, Ricardo Pinto, Mario Rito Pereira, Francisco Manuel Braz-Fernandes, Marco A. Versiani

Aim

To compare eight large- and low-tapered heat-treated reciprocating instruments regarding their design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and irrigation flow through an in silico model.

Methodology

A total of 472 new 25-mm E-Flex Rex (25/.04 and 25/.06), Excalibur (25/.05), Procodile (25/.06), Reciproc Blue R25 (25/.08v), WaveOne Gold Primary (25/.07v), and Univy Sense (25/.04 and 25/.06) instruments were evaluated regarding their design (stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D surface scanning), metallurgy (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry), and mechanical performance (cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, cutting ability, bending and buckling resistance). Computational fluid dynamics assessment was also conducted to determine the irrigation flow pattern, apical pressure, and wall shear stress in simulated canal preparations. Kruskal–Wallis and one-way anova post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (α = 5%).

Results

Instruments presented variations in blade numbers, helical angles, and tip designs, with all featuring non-active tips, symmetrical blades, and equiatomic nickel-titanium ratios. Cross-sectional designs exhibited an S-shaped geometry, except for WaveOne Gold. Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue displayed the smallest and largest core diameters at D3. Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.04 demonstrated the longest time to fracture (p < .05). Reciproc Blue and Univy 25/.04 exhibited the highest and lowest torque to fracture, respectively (p < .05). Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue had the highest rotation angles, whilst E-Flex Rec 25/.06 showed the lowest angle (p < .05). The better cutting ability was observed with E-Flex Rec 25/.06, Procodile, Excalibur, and Reciproc Blue (p > .05). Reciproc R25 and E-Flex Rec showed the highest buckling resistance values (p < .05), with WaveOne Gold being the least flexible instrument. The impact of instruments' size and taper on wall shear stress and apical pressure did not follow a distinct pattern, although Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.06 yielded the highest and lowest values for both parameters, respectively.

Conclusions

Low-tapered reciprocating instruments exhibit increased flexibility, higher time to fracture, and greater angles of rotation, coupled with reduced maximum bending loads and buckling strength compared to large-tapered instruments. Nevertheless, low-tapered systems also exhibit lower maximum torque

目的：通过硅模型比较八种大锥度和小锥度热处理往复式器械的设计、冶金、机械性能和灌注流量：方法：共对 472 台新的 25 毫米 E-Flex Rex（25/.04 和 25/.06）、Excalibur（25/.05）、Procodile（25/.06）、Reciproc Blue R25（25/.08v）、WaveOne Gold Primary（25/.07v）和 Univy Sense（25/.04 和 25/.06）器械进行了设计、冶金和机械性能方面的评估。06）仪器的设计（立体显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和三维表面扫描）、冶金（能量色散 X 射线光谱仪和差示扫描量热仪）和机械性能（循环疲劳、抗扭转性、切割能力、抗弯曲和抗屈曲性）进行了评估。此外，还进行了计算流体动力学评估，以确定灌注流模式、根尖压力和模拟管道制备过程中的管壁剪切应力。统计比较采用 Kruskal-Wallis 和单向 anova 后 Tukey 检验（α = 5%）：结果：器械的刀片数量、螺旋角度和刀尖设计各不相同，所有器械均采用非活动刀尖、对称刀片和等原子镍钛比。除 WaveOne Gold 外，其他产品的横截面设计均呈 S 形。Univy 25/.04 和 Reciproc Blue 在 D3 时的核心直径最小和最大。Univy 25/.04 和 E-Flex Rec 25/.04 的断裂时间最长（p .05）。Reciproc R25 和 E-Flex Rec 显示出最高的抗屈曲值（p 结论）：与大锥度器械相比，低锥度往复式器械显示出更高的灵活性、更长的断裂时间和更大的旋转角度，同时降低了最大弯曲负荷和屈曲强度。然而，低锥度系统也表现出较低的最大折断力矩和较差的切割能力，导致根尖管扩大变窄，可能会影响冲洗剂在该区域的渗透。

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引用次数: 0

Calcium hydroxide-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in thermosensitive gel as a novel intracanal medicament 分散在热敏凝胶中的氢氧化钙纳米颗粒作为一种新型龋内药物。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14041

Xavier Roig, Lyda Halbaut, Firas Elmsmari, Rubén Pareja, Aizea Arrien, Fernando Duran-Sindreu, Luis María Delgado, Marta Espina, María Luisa García, José Antonio González Sánchez, Elena Sánchez-López

Aim

Design, produce and assess the viability of a novel nanotechnological antibacterial thermo-sensible intracanal medicament This involves encapsulating calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) within polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and dispersing them in a thermosensitive gel (Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel). In addition, perform in vitro and ex vivo assessments to evaluate tissue irritation and penetration capacity into dentinal tubules in comparison to free Ca(OH)₂.

Methodology

Reproducibility of Ca(OH)₂-NPs was confirmed by obtaining the average size of the NPs, their polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Moreover, rheological studies of Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel were carried out with a rheometer, studying the oscillatory stress sweep, the mean viscosity value, frequency and temperature sweeps. Tolerance was assessed using the membrane of an embryonated chicken egg. In vitro Ca(OH)₂ release was studied by direct dialysis in an aqueous media monitoring the amount of Ca(OH)₂ released. Six extracted human teeth were used to study the depth of penetration of fluorescently labelled Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel into the dentinal tubules and significant differences against free Ca(OH)₂ were calculated using one-way anova.

Results

Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel demonstrated to be highly reproducible with an average size below 200 nm, a homogeneous NPs population, negative surface charge and high entrapment efficiency. The analysis of the thermosensitive gel allowed us to determine its rheological characteristics, showing that at 10°C gels owned a fluid-like behaviour meanwhile at 37°C they owned an elastic-like behaviour. Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel showed a prolonged drug release and the depth of penetration inside the dentinal tubules increased in the most apical areas. In addition, it was found that this drug did not produce irritation when applied to tissues such as eggs' chorialantoidonic membrane.

Conclusion

Calcium hydroxide-loaded PLGA NPs dispersed in a thermosensitive gel may constitute a suitable alternative as an intracanal antibacterial medicament.

目的：设计、生产和评估一种新型纳米热敏性抗菌根管内药物的可行性，包括将氢氧化钙（Ca(OH)2）封装在聚乳酸-聚乙二醇酸（PLGA）纳米颗粒（NPs）中，并将其分散在热敏性凝胶（Ca(OH)2 -NPs-凝胶）中。此外，与游离 Ca(OH)2 相比，进行体外和体内评估，以评价组织刺激性和对牙本质小管的渗透能力：通过获得 NPs 的平均尺寸、多分散指数、Zeta 电位和包埋效率，确认了 Ca(OH)₂-NPs 的可重复性。此外，还使用流变仪对 Ca(OH)2 -NPs 凝胶进行了流变学研究，研究了振荡应力扫描、平均粘度值、频率和温度扫描。使用胚胎鸡卵膜对耐受性进行了评估。通过在水介质中直接透析监测 Ca(OH)2 的释放量，研究了体外 Ca(OH)2 的释放情况。用六颗拔出的人类牙齿来研究荧光标记的 Ca(OH)2 -NPs 凝胶在牙本质小管中的渗透深度，并使用单因子 anova 计算与游离 Ca(OH)2 的显著差异：结果表明：Ca（OH）2 -NPs-凝胶的平均粒度低于 200 纳米，NPs 数量均匀，表面带负电荷，包埋效率高，具有很高的可重复性。通过对热敏凝胶的分析，我们确定了它的流变特性，结果表明，在 10°C 时，凝胶具有类似流体的特性，而在 37°C 时，凝胶具有类似弹性的特性。Ca(OH)2 -NPs凝胶的药物释放时间较长，在最顶端区域，药物在牙本质小管内的渗透深度增加。此外，研究还发现这种药物在应用于鸡蛋绒毛膜等组织时不会产生刺激：结论：分散在热敏凝胶中的氢氧化钙载体聚乳酸（PLGA）NPs可作为一种合适的牙槽内抗菌药物替代品。

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