International endodontic journal最新文献_第7页

Biological evaluation of novel phosphorylated pullulan-based calcium hydroxide formulations as direct pulp capping materials: An in vivo study on a rat model 新型磷酸化拉普兰基氢氧化钙制剂作为直接纸浆封盖材料的生物学评价：大鼠模型体内研究。

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14083

Md Refat Readul Islam, Rafiqul Islam, Yunqing Liu, Yu Toida, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Hidehiko Sano, Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed, Atsushi Tomokiyo

Aim

Calcium hydroxide (CH) has been considered as a direct pulp capping materials (DPC) for the last decades despite having some limitations. Phosphorylate pullulan (PPL) incorporated with CH (CHPPL) is a novel biomaterial that was introduced as a promising DPC material. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory response and mineralized tissue formation (MTF) ability of PPL-based CH formulations on rat molars after DPC.

Methodology

This study consisted of six groups: CH with 1% PPL (CHPPL-1); 3% PPL (CHPPL-3); 5% PPL (CHPPL-5); Dycal and NEX MTA Cement (N-MTA) as the positive control, and no capping materials (NC). One hundred twenty maxillary first molar cavities were prepared on Wistar rats. After capping, all the cavities were restored with 4-META/MMA-TBB resin and pulpal responses were evaluated at days 1, 7, and 28. Kruskal–Wallis followed by Mann–Whitney U-test was performed with a significance level of 0.05. Immunohistochemical expression of IL-6, Nestin, and DMP-1 was observed.

Results

At day 1, CHPPL-1, N-MTA, and Dycal exhibited no to mild inflammation, whilst CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC showed mild to moderate inflammation, and the results were significantly different (p < .05). At day 7, mild to moderate inflammation was observed in CHPPL-1, N-MTA, and Dycal, whereas CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC exhibited moderate to severe inflammation. Significant differences were observed between CHPPL-1 and N-MTA with NC (p < .05), CHPPL-1 and CHPPL-3 with CHPPL-5 and Dycal (p < .05), and CHPPL-3 with N-MTA (p < .05). A thin layer of mineralized tissue formation (MTF) was observed in all groups. At day 28, CHPPL-1, Dycal, and N-MTA showed no to mild inflammation, whilst CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC exhibited mild to severe inflammation, and statistically significant difference was detected (p < .05). CHPPL-1, Dycal, and N-MTA exhibited continuous MTF, whilst CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC had thicker and interrupted MTF. Significant differences were observed between CHPPL-1, CHPPL-3, and N-MTA with NC group (p < .05). Variable expressions of IL-6, Nestin, and DMP-1 indicated differences in the materials' impact on odontoblast-like cell formation and tissue mineralization.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that CHPPL-1 has the potential to minimize pulpal inflammation and promote MTF and had similar efficacy as MTA cement.

目的：过去几十年来，氢氧化钙（CH）一直被认为是一种直接纸浆封端材料（DPC），尽管存在一些局限性。磷酸盐拉普兰（PPL）与氢氧化钙（CHPPL）是一种新型生物材料，被认为是一种很有前途的 DPC 材料。因此，本研究旨在评估基于 PPL 的 CH 制剂在大鼠臼齿上进行 DPC 后的炎症反应和矿化组织形成（MTF）能力：本研究包括六组：方法：本研究包括六组：含 1% PPL 的 CH 组（CHPPL-1）；含 3% PPL 的 CH 组（CHPPL-3）；含 5% PPL 的 CH 组（CHPPL-5）；阳性对照组为 Dycal 和 NEX MTA 水泥（N-MTA），以及无盖材料组（NC）。在 Wistar 大鼠身上制备了 120 个上颌第一磨牙龋洞。封顶后，用 4-META/MMA-TBB 树脂修复所有龋洞，并在第 1、7 和 28 天评估牙髓反应。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 和 Mann-Whitney U 检验，显著性水平为 0.05。观察了 IL-6、Nestin 和 DMP-1 的免疫组化表达：结果：在第 1 天，CHPPL-1、N-MTA 和 Dycal 没有至轻度炎症，而 CHPPL-3、CHPPL-5 和 NC 有轻度至中度炎症，且结果有显著差异（p 结论：CHPPL-1、N-MTA 和 Dycal 在第 1 天没有至轻度炎症：这些研究结果表明，CHPPL-1 具有减少牙髓炎症和促进 MTF 的潜力，其功效与 MTA 水泥相似。

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引用次数: 0

Microrobotics in endodontics: A perspective 根管治疗中的微机器人技术：透视。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 Dentistry

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14082

Alaa Babeer, Sarah Bukhari, Rayan Alrehaili, Bekir Karabucak, Hyun Koo

Microorganisms are the primary aetiological factor of apical periodontitis. The goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent and eliminate the infection by removing the microorganisms. However, microbial biofilms and the complex root canal anatomy impair the disinfection process. Effective and precise endodontic therapy could potentially be achieved using advanced multifunctional technologies that have the ability to access hard-to-reach surfaces and perform simultaneous biofilm killing, removal, and detection of microorganisms. Advances in microrobotics are providing novel therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities with high precision and efficacy to address current biofilm-related challenges in biomedicine. Concurrently, multifunctional magnetic microrobots have been developed to overcome the disinfection challenges of current approaches to disrupt, kill, and retrieve biofilms with the goal of enhancing the efficacy and precision of endodontic therapy. This article reviews the recent advances of microrobotics in healthcare and particularly advances to overcome disinfection challenges in endodontics, and provides perspectives for future research in the field.

微生物是根尖牙周炎的主要致病因素。根管治疗的目的是通过清除微生物来预防和消除感染。然而，微生物生物膜和复杂的根管解剖结构会影响消毒过程。先进的多功能技术能够进入难以触及的表面，并同时进行生物膜杀灭、清除和微生物检测，从而有可能实现有效而精确的牙髓治疗。微型机器人技术的进步提供了新的治疗和诊断机会，以高精度和高效率应对当前生物医学中与生物膜相关的挑战。与此同时，多功能磁性微机器人的开发克服了目前破坏、杀死和清除生物膜的消毒难题，目的是提高牙髓治疗的有效性和精确性。本文回顾了微机器人技术在医疗保健领域的最新进展，特别是在克服牙髓治疗中的消毒难题方面取得的进展，并为该领域的未来研究提供了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Two- and three-dimensional healing assessment after endodontic microsurgery in through-and-through periapical lesions: 5-year follow-up from a randomized controlled trial 牙髓显微外科手术后对贯通性根尖周病变的二维和三维愈合评估：一项随机对照试验的 5 年随访。

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14084

Ritika Dhamija, Sanjay Tewari, Ambika Gupta

Aim

To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcome of endodontic microsurgery in through-and-through periapical lesions at 1-year and 5-year follow-up with adjunct use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Methodology

Thirty-two patients with large through-and-through periapical lesions were randomized in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group and control group. Two-dimensional (2D) healing was evaluated with Molven's criteria and three-dimensional (3D) healing with modified PENN 3D criteria. Healing at resection plane (R), apical area (A), buccal cortex (BC), palatal cortex (PC) and overall bone healing (B) was assessed using CBCT scans. The volume of lesion was measured using ITK-Snap software. The analysis included comparison of 1- to 5-year intragroup (Friedman test/McNemar test) and intergroup scoring (Chi-square/ Mann–Whitney test). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of various factors on healing at 5 years.

Results

Out of 32 patients/59 teeth evaluated after 1-year of endodontic microsurgery, 24 patients/44 teeth reported at 5 - year follow-up. Healing assessment with modified PENN 3D criteria revealed improvement in overall success rate of 66.7% at 1 year to 83.3% at 5 years, with no deterioration in any healing category. PRP group exhibited significantly better 3D healing than control group; both at 1 year (84.6% vs. 45.5%) and 5 years (100% vs. 63.6%). A significantly higher number of completely healed teeth were observed in PRP group than the control group at 5 years with respect to R, BC and B parameters. A volume reduction of 88% (91.4% PRP, 84% control) was depicted at 1 year and 94% (97.1% PRP, 91.1% control) at 5 years. None of the recorded factors including age, gender, size of lesion, preoperative swelling and sinus, histology of lesion, use of PRP, tooth location, preoperative buccal bone had significant effect on 3D healing at 5 years.

Conclusions

This 5-year study suggested improvement in 3D radiographic healing of large through-and-through periapical lesions from 1 to 5 years with no deterioration in any healing parameter in both control and PRP groups. The additional use of PRP led to significantly better healing in such lesions. RACB index using CBCT allows better estimation of healing at resected, apical and cortical plane over modified PENN 3D or Molven's criteria.

目的：评估牙髓显微外科手术治疗贯通性根尖周病变1年和5年随访时辅助使用富血小板血浆（PRP）的临床和影像学效果：将 32 例大型贯通性根尖周病变患者随机分为富血小板血浆 (PRP) 组和对照组。二维（2D）愈合采用 Molven 标准进行评估，三维（3D）愈合采用修改后的 PENN 3D 标准进行评估。使用 CBCT 扫描评估切除面（R）、根尖区（A）、颊皮层（BC）、腭皮层（PC）和整体骨愈合（B）。使用 ITK-Snap 软件测量病变体积。分析包括 1 至 5 年的组内比较（Friedman 检验/McNemar 检验）和组间评分（Chi-square 检验/Mann-Whitney 检验）。为确定各种因素对 5 年愈合的影响，进行了逻辑回归分析：在牙髓显微手术 1 年后进行评估的 32 名患者/59 颗牙齿中，有 24 名患者/44 颗牙齿在 5 年随访时报告了愈合情况。根据修改后的 PENN 3D 标准进行的愈合评估显示，总体成功率从 1 年时 66.7% 提高到 5 年时 83.3%，且所有愈合类别均无恶化。PRP 组的 3D 愈合效果明显优于对照组；1 年时（84.6% 对 45.5%）和 5 年时（100% 对 63.6%）均是如此。就 R、BC 和 B 参数而言，PRP 组 5 年后完全愈合的牙齿数量明显高于对照组。1 年时，体积缩小了 88%（PRP 为 91.4%，对照组为 84%），5 年时缩小了 94%（PRP 为 97.1%，对照组为 91.1%）。记录的因素包括年龄、性别、病变大小、术前肿胀和窦道、病变组织学、PRP 的使用、牙齿位置、术前颊骨，这些因素对 5 年后的三维愈合均无显著影响：这项为期 5 年的研究表明，大型贯通性根尖周病变在 1 至 5 年的三维影像学愈合情况有所改善，对照组和 PRP 组的任何愈合参数都没有恶化。额外使用 PRP 可明显改善此类病变的愈合。与修改后的 PENN 3D 或 Molven 标准相比，使用 CBCT 的 RACB 指数能更好地估计切除面、根尖面和皮质面的愈合情况。

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引用次数: 0

Interventions in root-filled teeth identified in general dental practice: A 6-year longitudinal observational study 对普通牙科诊所发现的充填牙根进行干预：为期 6 年的纵向观察研究

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14079

Sara Olsson, Jakob Jonsson Sjögren, Maria Pigg, Helena Fransson, Alf Eliasson, EndoReCo, Thomas Kvist

Aim

To investigate what happens to cross-sectionally identified root-filled teeth over a 6-year period, regardless of the time that elapsed since primary root canal treatment, in a cohort of adult patients regularly attending a Public Dental Service. A secondary aim was to investigate how the cumulative events affecting root-filled teeth over the same time were associated with variables obtained from a baseline examination.

Methodology

Adult patients with ≥1 previously root-filled tooth and regularly attending the Public Dental Service in Örebro County were enrolled for study participation in 2015. General dental practitioners examined all identified root-filled teeth in this cohort at baseline using a standardized protocol and were also responsible for further decision-making and treatments. After six years, information on events of the root-filled teeth was collected from dental records. The highest rating (most invasive treatment) on a 5-point ordinal scale was used in the analyses. Regression analyses with stepwise selection were performed for associations between patient- and tooth-related factors and events.

Results

A total of 445 patients with 1007 root-filled teeth were followed the entire observation time. Twenty (2.0%) of the root-filled teeth had endodontic retreatment and 150 (14.9%) were extracted over six years. Among teeth with periapical radiolucency or pain, the majority did not undergo retreatment or extraction; however, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that retreatment or extraction was associated with baseline recordings of teeth with periapical radiolucency (p < .0001), tenderness to percussion (p < .0001), and poor coronal restoration (p < .0001).

Conclusions

This study corroborates the notion that in general dentistry, root-filled teeth with radiological signs of apical disease often remain untreated over time. Furthermore, it also reveals that root-filled teeth presenting with mild pain do not necessarily receive any intervention. However, teeth with baseline signs of apical periodontitis, pain, or inadequate coronal restoration were more likely to have received intervention during the six-year period.

目的是调查定期到公共牙科服务机构就诊的成年患者队列中，无论初级根管治疗后经过了多长时间，横截面确定的充填根管牙在 6 年时间里发生了什么变化。另一个目的是调查在同一时间内影响根充牙的累积事件如何与基线检查中获得的变量相关联。

{"title":"Interventions in root-filled teeth identified in general dental practice: A 6-year longitudinal observational study","authors":"Sara Olsson, Jakob Jonsson Sjögren, Maria Pigg, Helena Fransson, Alf Eliasson, EndoReCo, Thomas Kvist","doi":"10.1111/iej.14079","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate what happens to cross-sectionally identified root-filled teeth over a 6-year period, regardless of the time that elapsed since primary root canal treatment, in a cohort of adult patients regularly attending a Public Dental Service. A secondary aim was to investigate how the cumulative events affecting root-filled teeth over the same time were associated with variables obtained from a baseline examination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adult patients with ≥1 previously root-filled tooth and regularly attending the Public Dental Service in Örebro County were enrolled for study participation in 2015. General dental practitioners examined all identified root-filled teeth in this cohort at baseline using a standardized protocol and were also responsible for further decision-making and treatments. After six years, information on events of the root-filled teeth was collected from dental records. The highest rating (most invasive treatment) on a 5-point ordinal scale was used in the analyses. Regression analyses with stepwise selection were performed for associations between patient- and tooth-related factors and events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 445 patients with 1007 root-filled teeth were followed the entire observation time. Twenty (2.0%) of the root-filled teeth had endodontic retreatment and 150 (14.9%) were extracted over six years. Among teeth with periapical radiolucency or pain, the majority did not undergo retreatment or extraction; however, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that retreatment or extraction was associated with baseline recordings of teeth with periapical radiolucency (<i>p</i> < .0001), tenderness to percussion (<i>p</i> < .0001), and poor coronal restoration (<i>p</i> < .0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study corroborates the notion that in general dentistry, root-filled teeth with radiological signs of apical disease often remain untreated over time. Furthermore, it also reveals that root-filled teeth presenting with mild pain do not necessarily receive any intervention. However, teeth with baseline signs of apical periodontitis, pain, or inadequate coronal restoration were more likely to have received intervention during the six-year period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunological isolation and characterization of neuronal progenitors from human dental pulp: A laboratory-based investigation 从人类牙髓中免疫学分离和鉴定神经元祖细胞：基于实验室的研究。

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14077

Hayley P. McMillan, Fionnuala T. Lundy, Orla M. Dunne, Kiran John McLoughlin, Imad About, T. M. Curtis, Ikhlas El Karim

Aims

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contain a population of stem cells with a broad range of differentiation potentials, as well as more lineage-committed progenitors. Such heterogeneity is a significant obstacle to experimental and clinical applications. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize a homogenous neuronal progenitor cell population from human DPSCs.

Methodology

Polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM+) neural progenitors were isolated from the dental pulp of three independent donors using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Immunofluorescent staining with a panel of neural and non-neural markers was used to characterize the magnetically isolated PSA-NCAM+ fraction. PSA-NCAM+ cells were then cultured in Neurobasal A supplemented with neurotrophic factors: dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, neurotrophin-3, B27 and N2 supplements to induce neuronal differentiation. Both PSA-NCAM+ and differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were used in Ca²⁺ imaging studies to assess the functionality of P2X3 receptors as well as membrane depolarization.

Results

PSA-NCAM+ neural progenitors were isolated from a heterogeneous population of hDPSCs using magnetic-activated cell sorting and anti-PSA-NCAM MicroBeads. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that immunomagnetic sorting significantly increased the purity of PSA-NCAM+ cells. Immunofluorescent staining revealed expression of pan-neuronal and mature neuronal markers, PGP9.5 and MAP2, respectively, as well as weak expression of the mature sensory markers, peripherin and islet1. ATP-induced response was mediated predominately by P2X3 receptors in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells, with a greater magnitude observed in the latter. In addition, membrane depolarizations were also detected in cells before and after differentiation when loaded with fast-voltage-responding fluorescent molecule, FluoVolt™ in response to potassium chloride. Interestingly, only differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were capable of spontaneous membrane oscillations.

Conclusions

In summary, DPSCs contain a population of neuronal progenitors with enhanced neural differentiation and functional neural-like properties that can be effectively isolated with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS).

目的：牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）包含一群具有广泛分化潜能的干细胞，以及更多的系定向祖细胞。这种异质性是实验和临床应用的一大障碍。本研究旨在从人类 DPSCs 中分离出同源神经元祖细胞群并确定其特征：方法：使用磁激活细胞分拣（MACS）技术从三名独立供体的牙髓中分离出聚ialylated-神经细胞粘附分子（PSA-NCAM+）神经祖细胞。用一组神经和非神经标记物进行免疫荧光染色，以确定磁性分离的 PSA-NCAM+ 部分的特征。然后将 PSA-NCAM+ 细胞置于添加了神经营养因子（二丁烯环-AMP、神经营养素-3、B27 和 N2 补充剂）的 Neurobasal A 中培养，以诱导神经元分化。PSA-NCAM+细胞和分化的PSA-NCAM+细胞都被用于Ca2+成像研究，以评估P2X3受体的功能和膜去极化：结果：利用磁激活细胞分选和抗PSA-NCAM MicroBeads技术，从异质的hDPSCs群体中分离出了PSA-NCAM+神经祖细胞。流式细胞仪分析表明，免疫磁性分选显著提高了 PSA-NCAM+ 细胞的纯度。免疫荧光染色显示了泛神经元和成熟神经元标记物 PGP9.5 和 MAP2 的表达，以及成熟感觉标记物 peripherin 和 islet1 的微弱表达。在未分化细胞和分化细胞中，ATP 诱导的反应主要由 P2X3 受体介导，后者的反应幅度更大。此外，分化前后的细胞在氯化钾作用下装载快速电压反应荧光分子 FluoVolt™ 时也检测到膜去极化。有趣的是，只有分化后的 PSA-NCAM+ 细胞才能发生自发膜振荡：总之，DPSCs含有神经元祖细胞群，它们具有增强的神经分化能力和类似神经元的功能特性，可通过磁激活细胞分拣（MACS）有效地分离出来。

{"title":"Immunological isolation and characterization of neuronal progenitors from human dental pulp: A laboratory-based investigation","authors":"Hayley P. McMillan, Fionnuala T. Lundy, Orla M. Dunne, Kiran John McLoughlin, Imad About, T. M. Curtis, Ikhlas El Karim","doi":"10.1111/iej.14077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contain a population of stem cells with a broad range of differentiation potentials, as well as more lineage-committed progenitors. Such heterogeneity is a significant obstacle to experimental and clinical applications. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize a homogenous neuronal progenitor cell population from human DPSCs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM+) neural progenitors were isolated from the dental pulp of three independent donors using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Immunofluorescent staining with a panel of neural and non-neural markers was used to characterize the magnetically isolated PSA-NCAM+ fraction. PSA-NCAM+ cells were then cultured in Neurobasal A supplemented with neurotrophic factors: dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, neurotrophin-3, B27 and N2 supplements to induce neuronal differentiation. Both PSA-NCAM+ and differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were used in Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging studies to assess the functionality of P2X3 receptors as well as membrane depolarization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PSA-NCAM+ neural progenitors were isolated from a heterogeneous population of hDPSCs using magnetic-activated cell sorting and anti-PSA-NCAM MicroBeads. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that immunomagnetic sorting significantly increased the purity of PSA-NCAM+ cells. Immunofluorescent staining revealed expression of pan-neuronal and mature neuronal markers, PGP9.5 and MAP2, respectively, as well as weak expression of the mature sensory markers, peripherin and islet1. ATP-induced response was mediated predominately by P2X3 receptors in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells, with a greater magnitude observed in the latter. In addition, membrane depolarizations were also detected in cells before and after differentiation when loaded with fast-voltage-responding fluorescent molecule, FluoVolt™ in response to potassium chloride. Interestingly, only differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were capable of spontaneous membrane oscillations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, DPSCs contain a population of neuronal progenitors with enhanced neural differentiation and functional neural-like properties that can be effectively isolated with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing of endothelial cells and proteomics to unravel the role of ICAM1–PTGS2 communication in apical periodontitis: A laboratory investigation 整合内皮细胞单细胞 RNA 测序和蛋白质组学，揭示 ICAM1-PTGS2 在根尖牙周炎中的作用：实验室研究

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14080

Xiaomin Lv, Cuiting Luo, Jie Wu, Yihua Huang, Jingjing Quan, Qimei Gong, Zhongchun Tong

Aim

Endothelial cells (EDs) play a key role in angiogenesis and are associated with granulomatous lesions in patients with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). This study aimed to investigate the diversity of EDs using single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) and to evaluate the regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) on the ferroptosis-related protein, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), in CAP.

Methodology

EDs from the uploaded scRNA-seq data of five CAP samples (GSE181688 and GSE197680) were categorized using distinct marker genes. The interactions between vein EDs (veinEndo) and other cell types were analysed using CellPhoneDB. Differentially expressed proteins in the proteomics of human umbilical vein EDs (HUVECs) and THP-1-derived macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis were compared with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of VeinEndo in scRNA-seq of CAP versus healthy control periodontal tissues. The protein–protein interaction of ICAM1–PTGS2 in macrophages and HUVECs was validated by adding recombinant ICAM1, ICAM1 inhibitor and PTGS2 inhibitor using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining.

Results

EDs in patients with CAP were divided into eight subclusters: five vein ED, capillaries, arterials and EC (PLA). There were 29 mutually upregulated DEGs and two mutually downregulated DEGs in vein cells in the scRNA-seq data, as well as differentially expressed proteins in the proteomics of HUVECs. Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed that ICAM1 and PTGS2 were highly expressed in CAP, infected HUVECs, and macrophages. Recombinant protein ICAM1 may improve PTGS2 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Fe²⁺ levels and decrease glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11 protein levels. ICAM1 inhibitor may inverse the above changes.

Conclusions

scRNA-seq revealed the diversity of EDs in CAP and identified the possible regulation of ICAM1 by the ferroptosis-related protein, PTGS2, in infected HUVECs and macrophages, thus providing a basis for therapeutic approaches that target the inflammatory microenvironment of CAP.

目的：内皮细胞（EDs）在血管生成中起着关键作用，并与慢性根尖牙周炎（CAP）患者的肉芽肿病变有关。本研究旨在利用单细胞核糖核酸测序（scRNA-seq）研究内皮细胞（EDs）的多样性，并评估细胞间粘附分子 1（ICAM1）对 CAP 中铁败相关蛋白前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶 2（PTGS2）的调控作用：使用不同的标记基因对五个 CAP 样本（GSE181688 和 GSE197680）上传的 scRNA-seq 数据中的 EDs 进行分类。使用 CellPhoneDB 分析了静脉 ED（veinEndo）与其他细胞类型之间的相互作用。将感染牙龈卟啉单胞菌的人脐静脉EDs（HUVECs）和THP-1衍生巨噬细胞蛋白质组学中的差异表达蛋白与CAP与健康对照牙周组织scRNA-seq中静脉Endo的差异表达基因（DEGs）进行了比较。通过加入重组 ICAM1、ICAM1 抑制剂和 PTGS2 抑制剂，使用实时聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、Western 印迹和免疫荧光染色验证了 ICAM1-PTGS2 在巨噬细胞和 HUVEC 中的蛋白相互作用：CAP患者的ED被分为8个亚群：5个静脉ED、毛细血管、动脉和EC（PLA）。在 scRNA-seq 数据中，静脉细胞中有 29 个相互上调的 DEGs 和 2 个相互下调的 DEGs，在 HUVECs 蛋白质组学中也有差异表达的蛋白质。实时 PCR 和免疫荧光染色显示，ICAM1 和 PTGS2 在 CAP、感染的 HUVECs 和巨噬细胞中高表达。重组蛋白 ICAM1 可改善 PTGS2 的表达、活性氧（ROS）和 Fe2+ 水平，降低谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 4（GPX4）和 SLC7A11 蛋白水平。结论：scRNA-seq揭示了CAP中ED的多样性，并确定了在受感染的HUVECs和巨噬细胞中，ICAM1可能受到铁突变相关蛋白PTGS2的调控，从而为针对CAP炎症微环境的治疗方法提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Discriminatory performance of the pulpal inflammatory biomarkers; Interleukin-8 and TNF-α in patients with symptoms indicative of reversible and irreversible pulpitis: A diagnostic accuracy study 牙髓炎症生物标记物白细胞介素-8 和 TNF-α 在有可逆和不可逆牙髓炎症状的患者中的鉴别性能：诊断准确性研究

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14078

Ruchika Roongta Nawal, Sudha Yadav, Henry Fergus Duncan, Sangeeta Talwar, Aishvarya Kaushik, Vijay K. Singh, Bidhan C. Koner

Aim

The success of vital pulp treatment (VPT) procedures is dependent on an accurate diagnosis of the pulpal inflammatory condition. Compared with current subjective pulpal diagnostic tests, inflammatory molecular biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis represent potential objective indicators of the degree of pulpal inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify level of inflammatory biomarkers – Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and TNF-α in patients diagnosed with reversible pulpitis (RP), irreversible pulpitis (IR) and normal pulp (NP) and investigate their diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between healthy and inflamed conditions.

Methodology

This prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 72 patients aged 14–53 years with extremely deep carious lesions after establishing a clinical diagnosis of RP (n = 42), symptomatic IR (n = 22) and NP (n = 8). 50 μL of pulpal blood sample was collected from all the patients using a micropipette after pulpal exposure. The level of IL-8 and TNF-α was assessed in pg/mL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mann–Whitney U test was applied to establish the association between IL-8/TNF-α level and degree of pulp inflammation. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to calculate area under the curve (AUC) for RP versus IR. Cut-off values were established using Youden's index.

Results

IL-8 and TNF-α levels differed significantly between RP and IR groups (p ≤ .001). The median value of IL-8 in RP and IP groups was 259.8 pg/mL [187.5–310.0] and 1357.8 pg/mL [1036.7–2177.6] respectively. The AUC-ROC curve for RP versus IR was 0.997 with 95.5% sensitivity and 99.76% specificity. The median value of TNF-α in RP and IR groups was 75.4 pg/mL [62.7–95.8] and 157.6 pg/mL [94.1–347.3]. The AUC-ROC curve for TNF-α was 0.812 with a sensitivity and specificity of 59.1% and 92.1%, respectively. IL-8 and TNF-α levels were below detection levels for all NP samples.

Conclusion

This study showed that pulpal blood could provide an excellent medium for establishing pulpal diagnosis under extremely deep carious lesions. The selected cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, demonstrated excellent discriminatory performance for reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Future studies should correlate the IL-8/TNF-α levels with VPT treatment outcomes.

活力牙髓治疗（VPT）程序的成功取决于对牙髓炎症状况的准确诊断。与目前的主观牙髓诊断测试相比，参与牙髓炎发病机制的炎症分子生物标志物是牙髓炎症程度的潜在客观指标。因此，本研究旨在量化被诊断为可逆性牙髓炎（RP）、不可逆牙髓炎（IR）和正常牙髓（NP）患者的炎症生物标志物--白细胞介素8（IL-8）和TNF-α的水平，并研究它们在区分健康和炎症情况方面的诊断准确性。

{"title":"Discriminatory performance of the pulpal inflammatory biomarkers; Interleukin-8 and TNF-α in patients with symptoms indicative of reversible and irreversible pulpitis: A diagnostic accuracy study","authors":"Ruchika Roongta Nawal, Sudha Yadav, Henry Fergus Duncan, Sangeeta Talwar, Aishvarya Kaushik, Vijay K. Singh, Bidhan C. Koner","doi":"10.1111/iej.14078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The success of vital pulp treatment (VPT) procedures is dependent on an accurate diagnosis of the pulpal inflammatory condition. Compared with current subjective pulpal diagnostic tests, inflammatory molecular biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis represent potential objective indicators of the degree of pulpal inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify level of inflammatory biomarkers – Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and TNF-α in patients diagnosed with reversible pulpitis (RP), irreversible pulpitis (IR) and normal pulp (NP) and investigate their diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between healthy and inflamed conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 72 patients aged 14–53 years with extremely deep carious lesions after establishing a clinical diagnosis of RP (<i>n</i> = 42), symptomatic IR (<i>n</i> = 22) and NP (<i>n</i> = 8). 50 μL of pulpal blood sample was collected from all the patients using a micropipette after pulpal exposure. The level of IL-8 and TNF-α was assessed in pg/mL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test was applied to establish the association between IL-8/TNF-α level and degree of pulp inflammation. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to calculate area under the curve (AUC) for RP versus IR. Cut-off values were established using Youden's index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IL-8 and TNF-α levels differed significantly between RP and IR groups (<i>p</i> ≤ .001). The median value of IL-8 in RP and IP groups was 259.8 pg/mL [187.5–310.0] and 1357.8 pg/mL [1036.7–2177.6] respectively. The AUC-ROC curve for RP versus IR was 0.997 with 95.5% sensitivity and 99.76% specificity. The median value of TNF-α in RP and IR groups was 75.4 pg/mL [62.7–95.8] and 157.6 pg/mL [94.1–347.3]. The AUC-ROC curve for TNF-α was 0.812 with a sensitivity and specificity of 59.1% and 92.1%, respectively. IL-8 and TNF-α levels were below detection levels for all NP samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed that pulpal blood could provide an excellent medium for establishing pulpal diagnosis under extremely deep carious lesions. The selected cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, demonstrated excellent discriminatory performance for reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Future studies should correlate the IL-8/TNF-α levels with VPT treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of root canal disinfection on the bacteriome present in primary endodontic infection: A next generation sequencing study 根管消毒对原发性牙髓感染细菌群的影响：新一代测序研究

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14074

Theeb Abdullah Alquria, Aneesha Acharya, Patricia Tordik, Ina Griffin, Frederico C. Martinho

Aim

To investigate the bacteriome present in teeth with primary endodontic infection (PEI) and apical periodontitis (AP) and to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of chemomechanical preparation (CMP) using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite NAOCl on the bacteriome found in PEI with AP using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Methodology

Thirty-six paired samples from 18 patients were successfully sequenced and analysed. Samples were collected at two sampling times: before (s1) and after (s2) CMP using 2.5% NaOCl. The DNA was extracted from s1 and s2 samples and quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR). All 36 samples were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Raw V3–V4 amplicon sequencing data were processed with the DADA2 pipeline to generate amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Alpha diversity metrics representing abundance (Chao1) and diversity and evenness (Shannon, Simpson) were computed. The paired-sample Wilcoxon's test was used to compare alpha diversity metrics and qPCR counts between s1 and s2. The PERMANOVA method (with 999 permutations) was applied to compare community composition between sample types (s1 versus s2) and between patient IDs. ALDEx2 (ANOVA-like differential expression tool for high-throughput sequencing data) to investigate differentially abundant taxa between s1 and s2. A paired-sample Wilcoxon's test was used to compare alpha diversity metrics and qPCR counts between s1 and s2.

Results

The qPCR counts were significantly higher in s1 compared to s2 (p = .0007). The Chao1 index indicated no difference in alpha diversity (p < .7019); whereas Shannon (p = .0056) and Simpson (p = .02685) indexes showed higher values in s2. The PERMANOVA test using Adonis2 showed a significant effect of sample time on community composition (R² = .0630, p = .012). Patient ID also showed a significant effect on community composition (R² = .6961, p = .001). At the genus level, Dialister, Mogibacterium, Prevotella, and Olsenella were differentially enriched at s1, while Actinomyces, Stenotrophomonas_unclassified, Enterococcus_unclassified, and Actinomyces_unclassified were differentially enriched in s2.

Conclusion

The bacteriome present in teeth with PEI with AP is complex and diverse. CMP using 2.5% NaOCl showed a high quantitatively and qualitatively disinfectant impac

利用 Illumina MiSeq 平台研究原发性牙髓感染（PEI）和根尖牙周炎（AP）牙齿中存在的细菌群，并定量和定性地确定使用 2.5% 次氯酸钠 NAOCl 进行化学机械制备（CMP）对原发性牙髓感染和根尖牙周炎牙齿中细菌群的影响。

{"title":"Impact of root canal disinfection on the bacteriome present in primary endodontic infection: A next generation sequencing study","authors":"Theeb Abdullah Alquria, Aneesha Acharya, Patricia Tordik, Ina Griffin, Frederico C. Martinho","doi":"10.1111/iej.14074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the bacteriome present in teeth with primary endodontic infection (PEI) and apical periodontitis (AP) and to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of chemomechanical preparation (CMP) using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite NAOCl on the bacteriome found in PEI with AP using the Illumina MiSeq platform.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-six paired samples from 18 patients were successfully sequenced and analysed. Samples were collected at two sampling times: before (s1) and after (s2) CMP using 2.5% NaOCl. The DNA was extracted from s1 and s2 samples and quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR). All 36 samples were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Raw V3–V4 amplicon sequencing data were processed with the DADA2 pipeline to generate amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Alpha diversity metrics representing abundance (Chao1) and diversity and evenness (Shannon, Simpson) were computed. The paired-sample Wilcoxon's test was used to compare alpha diversity metrics and qPCR counts between s1 and s2. The PERMANOVA method (with 999 permutations) was applied to compare community composition between sample types (s1 versus s2) and between patient IDs. ALDEx2 (ANOVA-like differential expression tool for high-throughput sequencing data) to investigate differentially abundant taxa between s1 and s2. A paired-sample Wilcoxon's test was used to compare alpha diversity metrics and qPCR counts between s1 and s2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The qPCR counts were significantly higher in s1 compared to s2 (<i>p</i> = .0007). The Chao1 index indicated no difference in alpha diversity (<i>p</i> < .7019); whereas Shannon (<i>p</i> = .0056) and Simpson (<i>p</i> = .02685) indexes showed higher values in s2. The PERMANOVA test using Adonis2 showed a significant effect of sample time on community composition (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .0630, <i>p</i> = .012). Patient ID also showed a significant effect on community composition (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .6961, <i>p</i> = .001). At the genus level, <i>Dialister</i>, <i>Mogibacterium</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, and <i>Olsenella</i> were differentially enriched at s1, while <i>Actinomyces, Stenotrophomonas_unclassified</i>, <i>Enterococcus_unclassified</i>, and <i>Actinomyces_unclassified</i> were differentially enriched in s2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The bacteriome present in teeth with PEI with AP is complex and diverse. CMP using 2.5% NaOCl showed a high quantitatively and qualitatively disinfectant impac","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical strategies for successful palato-mesiobuccal canal management—Report of 2 cases 成功管理腭颊管的临床策略--2 例病例报告

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14076

Dmitry Kudryashov, Marco A. Versiani

Aim

To describe the management of the palato-mesiobuccal (PMB) canal in maxillary second molars with fused roots using conventional techniques.

Summary

Root canal treatment success hinges upon effectively addressing the intricate and variable anatomy of molar teeth. Failure to do so can lead to persistent infections and treatment failure. Recent advancements in imaging technologies have provided unparalleled insights into dental anatomy, especially in molars. Among these discoveries is the PMB canal, a unique anatomical variant recently reported for the first time in Endodontic literature. This canal, found in maxillary second molars with fused roots and originating from the coronal third of the palatal canal while traversing towards the mesiobuccal root presents challenges in clinical management due to its location. This article is the first to showcase the management of the PMB canal using conventional techniques. In the first case, a 38-year-old male patient presented with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the maxillary second right molar. Following thorough instrumentation and irrigation, the presence of the PMB canal was discovered during root canal preparation. The canal was managed using rotary instruments and obturated successfully, resulting in a symptom-free tooth at an 8-year follow-up. The second case illustrates a similar scenario in a 23-year-old female patient presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in tooth 17. The PMB canal was identified during treatment and managed using rotary nickel-titanium instruments, leading to a favourable outcome at a 9-year follow-up.

Key learning points

In fused roots of maxillary second molars, a PMB canal might be expected.
Exploration of the buccal wall of the palatal canal under magnification after shaping procedures can reveal the PMB canal orifice in fused roots.
Small tapers are suggested for the enlargement of the PMB canal.
Continuous bleeding spots in the palatal canal might indicate a possible PMB canal orifice in vital cases.
The use of an apex locator is suggested for the differential diagnosis of the PMB canal orifice from a perforation site.

描述使用传统技术治疗牙根融合的上颌第二磨牙腭颊管 (PMB) 的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Development of clobetasol-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles as an endodontic intracanal medicament 将氯倍他索负载型生物可降解纳米粒子作为牙髓病根管内药物进行开发

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal

Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14072

Firas Elmsmari, José Antonio González Sánchez, Luis M. Delgado, Marta Espina, Fernando Duran-Sindreu, Maria Luisa García, Elena Sánchez-López

Aim

The aim of current study is the development and optimization of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to be used in the field of Endodontics as intracanal medication in cases of avulsed teeth with extended extra-oral time, utilizing PLGA polymers loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug clobetasol propionate (CP).

Methodology

CP-loaded nanoparticles (CP-NPs) were prepared using the solvent displacement method. CP release profile from CP-NPs was assessed for 48 h against free CP. Using extracted human teeth, the degree of infiltration inside the dentinal tubules was studied for both CP-NPs and CP. The anti-inflammatory capacity of CP-NPs was evaluated in vitro measuring their response and reaction against inflammatory cells, in particular against macrophages. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the cytokine release of IL-1β and TNF-α.

Results

Optimized CP-NPs displayed an average size below 200 nm and a monomodal population. Additionally, spherical morphology and non-aggregation of CP-NPs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Interaction studies showed that CP was encapsulated inside the NPs and no covalent bonds were formed. Moreover, CP-NPs exhibited a prolonged and steady release with only 21% of the encapsulated CP released after 48 h. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, it was observed that CP-NPs were able to display enhanced penetration into the dentinal tubules. Neither the release of TNF-α nor IL-1β increased in CP-NPs compared to the LPS control, displaying results similar and even less than the TCP after 48 h. Moreover, IL-1β release in LPS-stimulated cells, decreased when macrophages were treated with CP-NPs.

Conclusions

In the present work, CP-NPs were prepared, optimized and characterized displaying significant increase in the degree of infiltration inside the dentinal tubules against CP and were able to significantly reduce TNF-α release. Therefore, CP-NPs constitute a promising therapy for the treatment of avulsed teeth with extended extra-oral time.

本研究的目的是开发和优化可生物降解的聚合物纳米粒子（NPs），将其用于牙髓病学领域，在口外时间较长的牙齿脱落病例中作为牙髓腔内用药，使用的方法是在 PLGA 聚合物中添加抗炎药物丙酸氯倍他索（CP）。

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引用次数: 0

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