Posterior gastric perforation is a very rare finding, difficult to diagnose due to the insidious onset of upper abdominal symptoms, and no air under the diaphragm on X-ray. Posterior gastric perforation which opens into transverse mesocolon is even rarer. This is a case report done to entail such a rare case, with only two cases reported in the past. We present the case of a 21-year-old female with pain in the epigastric region spreading to involve the whole abdomen, fever, vomiting, and anorexia. In our case, radiological findings revealed pneumoperitoneum. Intraoperatively, a tract was identified between the posterior wall of the stomach and transverse mesocolon. Tract was excised and primary repair was done using the Graham patch method.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_382_23
Kapil Gupta
Students’ assessment, the major component of learning cycle, and curriculum serve many functions.[1-4] Assessment suggests areas of improvement during the training; the selection of students based on performance helps in the evaluation of the program and also has predictive utility. The assessment can be of learning – summative assessment, for learning - formative assessment, and can be without any external supervision – internal assessment. The importance and necessity of assessment in the learning cycle of the students can be gauged from the wordings of various proverbs in use, such as – ”assessment derives learning,” “assessment leads to learning,” and “assessment are the tail that wags the curriculum dog.” The students do modify their learning as per assessment. To make a precise decision about student’s learning and competency, the assessment must have both measurable and nonmeasurable components.[5] Van der Vleuten and Schuwirth defined assessment “as any formal or purported action to obtain information about the competence and performance of a student.”[6] Further, the assessment can be either criterion-referenced-comparing the competence of students against some fixed criteria or norm-referenced-comparing the performance of students with each other. Besides an aid to learning by virtue of having a provision of feedback and thus improve learning, assessment has reverse side too-improperly designed assessment can disfigure the learning. Therefore, any assessment should possess certain qualities or attributes. Traditional Concept Two important attributes defining students’ assessment are – reliability and validity. Conventionally, reliability of an assessment tool has commonly been referred to as “reproducibility” or “getting the same scores/marks under same conditions” or “precision of the measurement” or “consistency with which a test measures what it is supposed to assess.”[7] Reliability is measurable. As per classical test theory, the alpha coefficient (AC) is a range from 0 (no reliability) to 1 (perfect reliability); so if the test has an AC of 0.8%, it means it has a reliability of 80%, while measurement error is 20%.[8] The major factor affecting reliability is content or domain specificity. How an assessment can be reliable if it is based on a limited sampling of content or large content has been included in a single sample or if it is based on a single test? Moreover, a score that is derived from solving one problem cannot be interpolated for the second one. For example, assessment scores that are based on a single long case or viva for a single patient sample cannot produce reliable scores for another problem. If at the end of any professional year, subject knowledge is assessed by single multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based test of 10 items, can it measure students’ knowledge for the whole subject? Such assessments can be held valid but not reliable. Therefore, for any assessment test to be reliable, it is important to have a
学生评价是学习周期的主要组成部分，课程具有多种功能。[1-4]评估提出了培训过程中需要改进的地方;根据学生的表现选择学生有助于对项目进行评估，并具有预测效用。评估可以是学习-总结性评估，学习-形成性评估，也可以是没有任何外部监督-内部评估。评价在学生学习周期中的重要性和必要性，可以从“评价衍生学习”、“评价引导学习”、“评价是摇课程狗的尾巴”等各种谚语中判断出来。学生们确实会根据评估来调整他们的学习。要对学生的学习和能力做出准确的判断，评估必须既有可测量的成分，也有不可测量的成分Van der Vleuten和Schuwirth将评估定义为“获得学生能力和表现信息的任何正式或据称的行动”。此外，评估可以是标准参照的——将学生的能力与一些固定的标准进行比较，也可以是规范参照的——将学生的表现与其他学生进行比较。除了通过提供反馈来帮助学习从而改善学习之外，评估也有反面——设计不当的评估会破坏学习。因此，任何评估都应该具备某些品质或属性。传统观念定义学生评价的两个重要属性是信度和效度。传统上，评估工具的可靠性通常被称为“可重复性”或“在相同条件下获得相同的分数/标记”或“测量的精度”或“测试测量它应该评估的内容的一致性”。可靠性是可测量的。根据经典测试理论，α系数(AC)的取值范围为0(无信度)到1(完全信度);因此，如果测试的AC为0.8%，则意味着它的可靠性为80%，而测量误差为20%影响可靠性的主要因素是内容或域的专用性。如果评估是基于有限的内容抽样，或在单个样本中包含了大量内容，或基于单个测试，评估如何可靠?此外，从解决一个问题中得到的分数不能用于第二个问题。例如，基于单个长期病例或单个患者样本的评估分数不能为另一个问题产生可靠的分数。如果在任何一个专业学年结束时，学科知识都是通过单项选择题(mcq)来评估的，它能衡量学生对整个学科的知识吗?这种评估可以被认为是有效的，但并不可靠。因此，对于任何可靠的评估测试，重要的是要有整个内容的表示以及足够的抽样。此外，通过增加测试时间，将整个内容分成多个测试而不是单个测试，以及选择一系列测试来访问相同的能力，也可以提高可靠性。许多研究已经观察到，如果我们增加测试时间并进行适当的采样，许多评估工具/方法几乎可以获得相同的可靠性分数。[9-15]效度是好的评估的另一个重要特征，通常被定义为测量它想测量的东西。效度是一个统一的概念，证据可以从内容、结构相关和经验证据等多个方面获得;因此，评估的效度不能像信度那样用一个单一的系数来表示。例如，如果尿血蛋白的表现是一年级本科医学培训的一部分，而这些没有在技能考试中评估，那么内容相关的效度就会受到威胁。构念效度包括许多属性，主要关注学生在学科知识、技能、数据收集和分析、解释、沟通、道德等方面的问题解决能力。因此，传统的概念仅限于评估工具的有效性和可靠性，并将其视为独立和不相关的实体[图1]。图1:效度和信度的传统概念当代观点最近，我们已经从评估工具的效度和信度的历史概念中走了出来。现在，出于教育目的，我们对评估工具的可靠性不感兴趣。现在，更重要的方面是我们如何使用这个工具使结果可靠。 因此，按照当代的观点，我们真正感兴趣的是——对我们的评估结果的“可靠性”——我们在多大程度上相信我们的评估结果来对学生做出最终的判断。同样，当代的效度概念侧重于我们对评估数据的解释，而不是评估工具的效度。所以人们常说，没有评估工具/方法本质上是无效的，更重要的是，我们从使用该工具进行的评估中得出什么结论。例如，如果设计mcq是为了检查事实知识，那么它将测量事实知识;但是，如果此类mcq中内置了一些基于案例的场景或针对任何疾病的一些管理计划，它将评估学生解决问题的能力。同样，如果在理论考试中，询问了引发条件反射的步骤，并且学生被证明具有条件反射的技能，那么结果将无效。因此，特定工具测量的内容并不取决于工具，而是取决于我们将什么放入工具中，或者从使用该工具的结果中得出什么解释。用任何统计方法衡量任何评估的可靠性，都应始终推导出来，同时牢记评估的有效性。当代的效度概念认为，效度是一个从包括内容、标准、结构和信度证据在内的各种经验证据中推导出来的统一概念信度值在信度差的情况下没有意义。因此，根据当代观点，评估的有效性来自各种证据，包括可靠性证据，因此有效性和可靠性不再被视为独立的实体，孤立地工作[图2]。图2:当代对效度和信度的看法尽管当代的观点建立了评估的信度和效度之间的关系，以至于我们开始考虑得出效度结论所必需的可靠性证据，但相反的情况仍然是不正确的。效用概念的评估基于这些事实,Vleuten推导的效用评估的概念作为估计产品的可靠性、有效性、可行性、可接受性,和教育的影响,[17]而Vleuten和Schuwirth 2005年进一步提出一个修改的概念模型来计算乘法模型的效用的评估不同属性的微分weightage,效用V = R××E××C, R =可靠性,V =效度,EI =教育影响，A =可接受性，C =成本效益该模型还指出，不可能有完美的评价，如果一个属性的权重较高，另一个属性的不足可以得到补偿;取决于评估的背景和目的。例如，在高风险考试中，高可靠性的评估将更有价值，而对于任何多次出现的课堂测试，教育影响将是一个更可观的标准。该模型的乘法性质还确保，如果一个变量为0，则评估的总体效用自动变为0。同样，如果任何一个变量是消极的- -从而促进不健全的学习习惯- -评估的效用也将是消极的。有效信度:一个理论概念如上所述，多年来，我们一直将评估的效度和信度视为单独的度量。与当代观点和实用新型建立了相互关系;但是，我们仍然认为效度和信度是独立存在的实体。然而，你要考虑到，如果任何测量总是测量一个错误的构念，它可以说是可靠的，而效度是危险的;但在实践中，如果任何测量都没有测量它想要测量的东西，我们能依赖它的测量吗?一点也不!虽然由于效度问题，信度明显存在，但我们不能依靠评估结果来做出有效可靠的推断。类似地，如果任何评估是测量正确的构念，但不是以一致的方式，它被认为是有效的，不可靠的，但是偶尔的，准确的构念测量对做出有效和可靠的推论是没有用的。有效性和可靠性是相辅相成的，正如一个可量化的联系所证明的那样。据文献记载，信度的平方根几乎等于可达到的最大效度。例如，如果某项测试的信度系数为0.79，则效度系数不能大于0.88，其本身就是0.79的平方根。因此，它清楚地暗示，评估方法只有在有效和可靠的情况下才有用。 [19]如上所述，效度现在被认为是一个统一的概念，信度证据是效度的重要组成部分;因此，效度和信度是相互关联的。文献中也记载了效度和信度之间的权衡——信度基础越强，效度基础越弱(反之亦然)然而，这两个仍然被认为是不同的概念——信度证据被认为是评估效度的必要条件，但效度贡献对评估的信度又如何呢?当我们将学生评估的有效性作为一个与我们对评估数据的推断相关的概念，将学生评估的可靠性作为一个与评估推断的信任相关的概念来考虑时，这一点就变得更加重要了，两者似乎是相互关联的[图3]。图3:学生评估的效度和信度的概念表示让我们用一个简单的例子来讨论它。如果在考前会议上，所有的考官都决定在实际考试中不给任何一个学生超过80%和低于50%的分数，并且已经用
{"title":"Validity and Reliability of Students’ Assessment: Case for Recognition as a Unified Concept of Valid Reliability","authors":"Kapil Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_382_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_382_23","url":null,"abstract":"Students’ assessment, the major component of learning cycle, and curriculum serve many functions.[1-4] Assessment suggests areas of improvement during the training; the selection of students based on performance helps in the evaluation of the program and also has predictive utility. The assessment can be of learning – summative assessment, for learning - formative assessment, and can be without any external supervision – internal assessment. The importance and necessity of assessment in the learning cycle of the students can be gauged from the wordings of various proverbs in use, such as – ”assessment derives learning,” “assessment leads to learning,” and “assessment are the tail that wags the curriculum dog.” The students do modify their learning as per assessment. To make a precise decision about student’s learning and competency, the assessment must have both measurable and nonmeasurable components.[5] Van der Vleuten and Schuwirth defined assessment “as any formal or purported action to obtain information about the competence and performance of a student.”[6] Further, the assessment can be either criterion-referenced-comparing the competence of students against some fixed criteria or norm-referenced-comparing the performance of students with each other. Besides an aid to learning by virtue of having a provision of feedback and thus improve learning, assessment has reverse side too-improperly designed assessment can disfigure the learning. Therefore, any assessment should possess certain qualities or attributes. Traditional Concept Two important attributes defining students’ assessment are – reliability and validity. Conventionally, reliability of an assessment tool has commonly been referred to as “reproducibility” or “getting the same scores/marks under same conditions” or “precision of the measurement” or “consistency with which a test measures what it is supposed to assess.”[7] Reliability is measurable. As per classical test theory, the alpha coefficient (AC) is a range from 0 (no reliability) to 1 (perfect reliability); so if the test has an AC of 0.8%, it means it has a reliability of 80%, while measurement error is 20%.[8] The major factor affecting reliability is content or domain specificity. How an assessment can be reliable if it is based on a limited sampling of content or large content has been included in a single sample or if it is based on a single test? Moreover, a score that is derived from solving one problem cannot be interpolated for the second one. For example, assessment scores that are based on a single long case or viva for a single patient sample cannot produce reliable scores for another problem. If at the end of any professional year, subject knowledge is assessed by single multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based test of 10 items, can it measure students’ knowledge for the whole subject? Such assessments can be held valid but not reliable. Therefore, for any assessment test to be reliable, it is important to have a ","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There is a need for platelet products to have the best quality. Apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) obtained from single-donors PCs (SD-PCs) are considered best but have issues such as feasibility and cost. Buffy-coat pooled PCs (BCP-PCs) are considered an alternative to SD-PCs. This study compares BCP-PCs and SD-PCs for in vitro quality parameters and their changes during storage. Materials and Methods: Fifteen units of BCP-PCs and 15 units of SD-PCs were prepared. In this study, a pool of five buffy coats was prepared. Fifteen units of BCP-PCs were analyzed on day 1 and day 5 of storage, while 15 SD-PCs were analyzed on day 1 while ten units on day 5. The parameters analyzed were volume, hematological parameters, pH, swirling, and sterility. Results: The mean platelets count of SD-PCs was found to be significantly higher as compared to BCP-PCs. White blood cells (WBCs) contamination was significantly lower in BCP-PCs as compared to SD-PCs. The mean pH and mean platelet volume of SD-PCs were significantly lower than BCP-PCs. During storage, the mean platelets count of BCP-PCs was decreased significantly while that of SD-PCs nonsignificantly. The mean WBCs count and pH decreased in both BCP-PCs and SD-PCs significantly. All units in both types of PCs were sterile. Conclusion: Platelet yield was significantly better in SD-PCs, while mean WBCs contamination was significantly lower in BCP-PCs. BCP-PCs may be preferred in place of SD-PCs in case of nonavailability of apheresis, difficulty in finding a willing donor, or when the cost is of consideration.
背景:血小板产品需要有最好的质量。单供血小板浓缩液(SD-PCs)被认为是最好的，但存在可行性和成本等问题。Buffy-coat pool pc (bcp - pc)被认为是sd - pc的替代品。本研究比较了BCP-PCs和SD-PCs的体外质量参数及其在贮存期间的变化。材料与方法:制备BCP-PCs 15个单位，SD-PCs 15个单位。在这项研究中，准备了一个由5只灰褐色外套组成的水池。BCP-PCs在第1天和第5天分析15个单位，SD-PCs在第1天分析15个单位，在第5天分析10个单位。分析的参数包括体积、血液学参数、pH、旋流和无菌性。结果:SD-PCs的平均血小板计数明显高于BCP-PCs。与SD-PCs相比，BCP-PCs的白细胞污染显著降低。SD-PCs的平均pH值和平均血小板体积显著低于BCP-PCs。储存期间，BCP-PCs的平均血小板计数显著下降，而SD-PCs的平均血小板计数无显著下降。BCP-PCs和SD-PCs的平均白细胞计数和pH均显著降低。两种pc机的所有单元都是无菌的。结论:SD-PCs的血小板产率明显较高，而BCP-PCs的白细胞平均污染明显较低。在无采血、难以找到自愿供体或考虑到成本的情况下，BCP-PCs可能优于SD-PCs。
{"title":"Are Buffy-coat Pooled Platelet Concentrates an Effective Alternative to Apheresis Platelet Concentrates? An In vitro Analysis at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India","authors":"Prashant Agarwal, Ashish Jain, Priti Elhence, Anupam Verma","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a need for platelet products to have the best quality. Apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) obtained from single-donors PCs (SD-PCs) are considered best but have issues such as feasibility and cost. Buffy-coat pooled PCs (BCP-PCs) are considered an alternative to SD-PCs. This study compares BCP-PCs and SD-PCs for in vitro quality parameters and their changes during storage. Materials and Methods: Fifteen units of BCP-PCs and 15 units of SD-PCs were prepared. In this study, a pool of five buffy coats was prepared. Fifteen units of BCP-PCs were analyzed on day 1 and day 5 of storage, while 15 SD-PCs were analyzed on day 1 while ten units on day 5. The parameters analyzed were volume, hematological parameters, pH, swirling, and sterility. Results: The mean platelets count of SD-PCs was found to be significantly higher as compared to BCP-PCs. White blood cells (WBCs) contamination was significantly lower in BCP-PCs as compared to SD-PCs. The mean pH and mean platelet volume of SD-PCs were significantly lower than BCP-PCs. During storage, the mean platelets count of BCP-PCs was decreased significantly while that of SD-PCs nonsignificantly. The mean WBCs count and pH decreased in both BCP-PCs and SD-PCs significantly. All units in both types of PCs were sterile. Conclusion: Platelet yield was significantly better in SD-PCs, while mean WBCs contamination was significantly lower in BCP-PCs. BCP-PCs may be preferred in place of SD-PCs in case of nonavailability of apheresis, difficulty in finding a willing donor, or when the cost is of consideration.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT-1) is a marker of macrophage activation and recently attributed to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its role in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been sparsely discussed in the recent literature. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional exploratory study, 81 participants with T2DM were classified into two groups based on the presence of DKD. Their anthropometric, biochemical, and pathological profiles were estimated. Circulatory CHIT-1 concentration was determined using the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma. Results: CHIT-1 was significantly elevated in diabetic nephropathy, independent of age and gender. It is associated with severity of kidney disease, as assessed using urinary protein-creatinine ratio (uPCR) in a multiple linear regression model, independent of age, gender, diabetes duration, and insulin resistance. CHIT-1 positively predicted the likelihood of DKD in the study population (area under the curve = 0.724, P < 0.05). The duration of diabetes correlated positively with uPCR and negatively with estimated glomerular-filtration rate. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio was elevated in participants with DKD. This well-established marker of systemic inflammation exhibited significant positive association with CHIT-1. Conclusion: Plasma CHIT-1 protein is elevated in DKD and associated with disease progression. It is capable of reflecting disease severity and is closely related to systemic inflammation possibly caused by pro-inflammatory circulatory immune cells.
{"title":"Circulating 18-Glycosyl Hydrolase Protein Chitiotriosidase-1 is Associated with Renal Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation in Diabetic Kidney Disease","authors":"Kuppuswami Jayashree, Gandhipuram Periyasamy Senthilkumar, Mehalingam Vadivelan, Sreejith Parameswaran","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT-1) is a marker of macrophage activation and recently attributed to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its role in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been sparsely discussed in the recent literature. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional exploratory study, 81 participants with T2DM were classified into two groups based on the presence of DKD. Their anthropometric, biochemical, and pathological profiles were estimated. Circulatory CHIT-1 concentration was determined using the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma. Results: CHIT-1 was significantly elevated in diabetic nephropathy, independent of age and gender. It is associated with severity of kidney disease, as assessed using urinary protein-creatinine ratio (uPCR) in a multiple linear regression model, independent of age, gender, diabetes duration, and insulin resistance. CHIT-1 positively predicted the likelihood of DKD in the study population (area under the curve = 0.724, P < 0.05). The duration of diabetes correlated positively with uPCR and negatively with estimated glomerular-filtration rate. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio was elevated in participants with DKD. This well-established marker of systemic inflammation exhibited significant positive association with CHIT-1. Conclusion: Plasma CHIT-1 protein is elevated in DKD and associated with disease progression. It is capable of reflecting disease severity and is closely related to systemic inflammation possibly caused by pro-inflammatory circulatory immune cells.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_115_23
Rajesh Kumar Suman, Manjusha K Borde, Ipseeta Ray Mohanty, Hemant Kumar Singh
Background: Berberine (BER) and mangiferin are known natural dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Hence, the study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of action of natural DPP-IV inhibitors (BER and MNG) in experimentally induced diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe mechanism through which natural DPP-IV inhibitor works in diabetes with metabolic syndrome rat model. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were fed high-fat diet for 10 weeks and challenged with streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) at the 3 rd week (high-fat diabetic control [HF-DC] group). After the confirmation of metabolic syndrome in the setting of diabetes, monotherapy (metformin [MET], vildagliptin [VIL], BER, and MNG) and combination (MET + VIL, MET + BER, and MET + MNG) therapy was orally fed to these rats from the 4 th to 10 th weeks. Results: Insulin resistance (IR) was seen in the HF-DC group as indicated by raised homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in HF-DC group as compared with normal control (NC) groups. The treatment groups reduced IR as shown by a decrease in HOMA-IR as compared with HF-DC group rats. The marked reduction ( P < 0.001) of beta-cell function was observed in the HF-DC group as a reduced level of HOMA for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) was found as compared with the NC group. Increases in HOMA-β as compared to the HFDC group were observed in the therapy groups. The treatment group significantly reduced cholesterol and atherogenic index. The treatment group showed significant preservation of beta-cell mass as per immunohistochemistry and significant anti-apoptotic activity as per Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay report. The treated rats significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) marker ( P < 0.001) was significantly reduced in the treatment group. Conclusion: The natural DPP-IV inhibitors BER and MNG treatment showed beneficial effects on various components of metabolic syndrome.
{"title":"Mechanism of Action of Natural Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors (Berberine and Mangiferin) in Experimentally Induced Diabetes with Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Suman, Manjusha K Borde, Ipseeta Ray Mohanty, Hemant Kumar Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_115_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_115_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Berberine (BER) and mangiferin are known natural dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Hence, the study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of action of natural DPP-IV inhibitors (BER and MNG) in experimentally induced diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe mechanism through which natural DPP-IV inhibitor works in diabetes with metabolic syndrome rat model. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were fed high-fat diet for 10 weeks and challenged with streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) at the 3 rd week (high-fat diabetic control [HF-DC] group). After the confirmation of metabolic syndrome in the setting of diabetes, monotherapy (metformin [MET], vildagliptin [VIL], BER, and MNG) and combination (MET + VIL, MET + BER, and MET + MNG) therapy was orally fed to these rats from the 4 th to 10 th weeks. Results: Insulin resistance (IR) was seen in the HF-DC group as indicated by raised homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in HF-DC group as compared with normal control (NC) groups. The treatment groups reduced IR as shown by a decrease in HOMA-IR as compared with HF-DC group rats. The marked reduction ( P < 0.001) of beta-cell function was observed in the HF-DC group as a reduced level of HOMA for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) was found as compared with the NC group. Increases in HOMA-β as compared to the HFDC group were observed in the therapy groups. The treatment group significantly reduced cholesterol and atherogenic index. The treatment group showed significant preservation of beta-cell mass as per immunohistochemistry and significant anti-apoptotic activity as per Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay report. The treated rats significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) marker ( P < 0.001) was significantly reduced in the treatment group. Conclusion: The natural DPP-IV inhibitors BER and MNG treatment showed beneficial effects on various components of metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Quality and quantity of jaw bones have been previously classified in literature using different methods. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), successfully determine bone density of jaws. This study aims to establish the role of cone-beam CT (CBCT) in determining the density of cortical and cancellous bones at different jaw sites. Materials and Methods: Eighty-three possible implant sites in healthy patients were evaluated using NewTomGiano CBCT machine. Cross-sections were obtained and cortical and cancellous bone densities on different aspects of the virtual implant in terms of Hounsfield unit (HU) were determined using New Net Technologies software version 6.1 and were classified according to software from D1 to D4. Data were entered into SPSS software (version 19.0) and were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean HU showed the highest value for cortical and cancellous in the anterior mandible (mean HU 1874.01 and 1131.73, respectively) followed by the posterior mandible (mean HU 1789.20 and 872.95, respectively) and least in posterior maxilla (mean HU 1068.26 and 830.04, respectively). Maximum D1 bone type was found in cortical bone and D2 bone type was noted in cancellous bone area. Males showed very highly significant cortical bone thickness ( P < 0.001) whereas females showed more cancellous bone thickness but the results were nonsignificant. Conclusion: A high degree of concordance between different regions of jaw bones with a strong correlation between the four bone types was obtained. Bone density plays a pivotal role in determining the prognosis of the implant. CBCT has proven to be beneficial in bone density analysis.
文献中已经用不同的方法对颌骨的质量和数量进行了分类。成像方式，如计算机断层扫描(CT)，成功地确定颌骨的骨密度。本研究旨在建立锥形束CT (CBCT)在确定不同颌骨部位皮质骨和松质骨密度中的作用。材料与方法:使用NewTomGiano CBCT机对健康患者的83个可能的种植部位进行评估。采用New Net Technologies软件版本6.1获取虚拟种植体的横截面，以Hounsfield单位(HU)计算虚拟种植体不同方面的皮质骨密度和松质骨密度，并根据软件从D1到D4进行分类。数据输入SPSS软件(19.0版)进行统计分析。结果:前颌骨皮质和松质层平均HU最高，分别为1874.01和1131.73，后颌骨次之，分别为1789.20和872.95，后颌骨最低，分别为1068.26和830.04。皮质骨区D1骨型最多，松质骨区D2骨型最多。男性的皮质骨厚度非常显著(P <0.001)，而女性表现出更多的松质骨厚度，但结果不显著。结论:颌骨的不同区域之间具有高度的一致性，四种骨类型之间具有很强的相关性。骨密度在决定种植体预后方面起着关键作用。CBCT已被证明在骨密度分析中是有益的。
{"title":"Reliability of Grayscale Value for Bone Density Determination in Oral Rehabilitation using Dental Implants","authors":"Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Himanshi Tomar, Ayush Dhawan, Rohit Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Quality and quantity of jaw bones have been previously classified in literature using different methods. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), successfully determine bone density of jaws. This study aims to establish the role of cone-beam CT (CBCT) in determining the density of cortical and cancellous bones at different jaw sites. Materials and Methods: Eighty-three possible implant sites in healthy patients were evaluated using NewTomGiano CBCT machine. Cross-sections were obtained and cortical and cancellous bone densities on different aspects of the virtual implant in terms of Hounsfield unit (HU) were determined using New Net Technologies software version 6.1 and were classified according to software from D1 to D4. Data were entered into SPSS software (version 19.0) and were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean HU showed the highest value for cortical and cancellous in the anterior mandible (mean HU 1874.01 and 1131.73, respectively) followed by the posterior mandible (mean HU 1789.20 and 872.95, respectively) and least in posterior maxilla (mean HU 1068.26 and 830.04, respectively). Maximum D1 bone type was found in cortical bone and D2 bone type was noted in cancellous bone area. Males showed very highly significant cortical bone thickness ( P < 0.001) whereas females showed more cancellous bone thickness but the results were nonsignificant. Conclusion: A high degree of concordance between different regions of jaw bones with a strong correlation between the four bone types was obtained. Bone density plays a pivotal role in determining the prognosis of the implant. CBCT has proven to be beneficial in bone density analysis.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_77_23
Josefina Principe, Anna Mary Jose, Santiago Niño Basto, Isabela Castañeda, Abdul Rafay Pasha
Encapsulated fat necrosis (EFN), most commonly, is an asymptomatic entity and is often found incidentally in images. However, in the abdomen, it may present as an acute abdomen. Mesenteric fat necrosis is part of a larger disease spectrum called collectively mesenteric sclerosis. It results in forming of a mass that can be confused with other pathologies such as liposarcoma, carcinoma of the cecum, and other more benign conditions such as appendagitis of the epiplon. We present the case of an 82-year-old male who presented with an asymptomatic right lower quadrant mass with concerning computed tomography findings with no previous abdominal surgery or trauma history. Diagnosing EFN is crucial as it can mimic bowel cancer and immune-related mesenteric pathology such as sclerosing mesenteritis, the management of which is far more extreme and aggressive than EFN.
{"title":"Benign Mesenteric Lesion Presenting with Features of a Malignant Mass","authors":"Josefina Principe, Anna Mary Jose, Santiago Niño Basto, Isabela Castañeda, Abdul Rafay Pasha","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_77_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_77_23","url":null,"abstract":"Encapsulated fat necrosis (EFN), most commonly, is an asymptomatic entity and is often found incidentally in images. However, in the abdomen, it may present as an acute abdomen. Mesenteric fat necrosis is part of a larger disease spectrum called collectively mesenteric sclerosis. It results in forming of a mass that can be confused with other pathologies such as liposarcoma, carcinoma of the cecum, and other more benign conditions such as appendagitis of the epiplon. We present the case of an 82-year-old male who presented with an asymptomatic right lower quadrant mass with concerning computed tomography findings with no previous abdominal surgery or trauma history. Diagnosing EFN is crucial as it can mimic bowel cancer and immune-related mesenteric pathology such as sclerosing mesenteritis, the management of which is far more extreme and aggressive than EFN.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_98_23
Sharulatha Raguraman, Akshat Kushwaha, P. Lokesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar Saxena
Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus is one of the rare diseases which an ENT surgeon can encounter in a clinical setup. It can often present as a chronic headache. It can remain undiagnosed unless a symptom due to the compression effect of the mucocele, such as diminution of vision, ophthalmoplegia, or any intracranial complication, occurs. Early diagnosis and emergency surgical intervention are imperative to prevent complications. Although late presentation can have a risk of permanent vision loss, improvement in vision postsurgery does not necessarily depend on the duration of symptoms. Here, we present a rare case scenario where, even after the delayed presentation, the patient had a significant vision improvement postsurgery.
{"title":"One More Chance to See the World: A Rare Case Report on Sphenoid Mucocele Causing Vision Loss","authors":"Sharulatha Raguraman, Akshat Kushwaha, P. Lokesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar Saxena","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_98_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_98_23","url":null,"abstract":"Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus is one of the rare diseases which an ENT surgeon can encounter in a clinical setup. It can often present as a chronic headache. It can remain undiagnosed unless a symptom due to the compression effect of the mucocele, such as diminution of vision, ophthalmoplegia, or any intracranial complication, occurs. Early diagnosis and emergency surgical intervention are imperative to prevent complications. Although late presentation can have a risk of permanent vision loss, improvement in vision postsurgery does not necessarily depend on the duration of symptoms. Here, we present a rare case scenario where, even after the delayed presentation, the patient had a significant vision improvement postsurgery.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_248_22
V. Chauhan
After going through the book, it inspired me to write a review. The title of the book is so catchy “THESIS WRITING ‒ the T, H, E, S, I, S. Approach.” It compelled me to peep into the book and explore the acronym ‒ T: Tickling, H: Hologram, E: Expansion, S: Scenarios, I: Improvisation, and S: Summary. I found that every chapter is crafted using this philosophy. The second reason which stimulated me to go through this book is that it has been authored by well‐known medical educationists who could appreciate the real need of the PGs of this country.
读完这本书后，它激发了我写一篇评论。这本书的标题是如此吸引人的“论文写作- T, H, E, S, I, S方法。”它迫使我窥探这本书并探索首字母缩略词——T:挠痒，H:全息，E:扩展，S:场景，I:即兴，S:总结。我发现这本书的每一章都是用这种哲学构思的。促使我阅读这本书的第二个原因是，它是由著名的医学教育家撰写的，他们能够理解这个国家pg的真正需求。
{"title":"Thesis Writing: The T, H, E, S, I, S Approach – Review of the Book","authors":"V. Chauhan","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_248_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_248_22","url":null,"abstract":"After going through the book, it inspired me to write a review. The title of the book is so catchy “THESIS WRITING ‒ the T, H, E, S, I, S. Approach.” It compelled me to peep into the book and explore the acronym ‒ T: Tickling, H: Hologram, E: Expansion, S: Scenarios, I: Improvisation, and S: Summary. I found that every chapter is crafted using this philosophy. The second reason which stimulated me to go through this book is that it has been authored by well‐known medical educationists who could appreciate the real need of the PGs of this country.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"220 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43572548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_602_21
Y. Mehta, Anand Sutar, K. Zirpe, J. Kothari, Chakravarthi Alapati, Manu Pathak, V. Nagvekar, Kapil D. Mehta, Khokan Debnath
Background: Levonadifloxacin is a novel broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the benzoquinolizine subclass of quinolones. It is available in intravenous as well as oral formulation for the treatment of infections caused by common Gram-positive bacterial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively assessed the real-world safety and efficacy of levonadifloxacin (oral and/or IV) in the treatment of 1229 patients across various clinical conditions. Study outcomes were clinical and microbiological success at the end of therapy. Results: The mean duration of levonadifloxacin therapy was 7.2 days, with a time to clinical improvement averaging at 4 days. Three hundred and three patients received oral therapy, 875 received IV, and 51 received a combination of IV followed by oral therapy. Patients were prescribed levonadifloxacin for skin and soft-tissue infections, diabetic foot infections, septicemia, catheter-related bloodstream infections, bone and joint infections, febrile neutropenia, and respiratory infections including COVID-19 pneumonia. High clinical success rates of 98.3%, 93.7%, and 96.1% with oral, IV, and IV followed by oral levonadifloxacin, respectively, were obtained. Only 11 mild adverse events were reported in 9 patients which included constipation, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. Overall, 96.3% and 97.3% of investigators rated the efficacy and safety of levonadifloxacin as “good to excellent.” Conclusions: An excellent safety and efficacy profile of levonadifloxacin was observed in this study making it a suitable treatment option for management of various bacterial infections, including those caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens such as MRSA and quinolone-resistant S. aureus.
{"title":"Prescription-Event Monitoring Study on Safety and Efficacy of Levonadifloxacin (Oral and I.V.) in Management of Bacterial Infections: Findings of Real-World Observational Study","authors":"Y. Mehta, Anand Sutar, K. Zirpe, J. Kothari, Chakravarthi Alapati, Manu Pathak, V. Nagvekar, Kapil D. Mehta, Khokan Debnath","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_602_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_602_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Levonadifloxacin is a novel broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the benzoquinolizine subclass of quinolones. It is available in intravenous as well as oral formulation for the treatment of infections caused by common Gram-positive bacterial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively assessed the real-world safety and efficacy of levonadifloxacin (oral and/or IV) in the treatment of 1229 patients across various clinical conditions. Study outcomes were clinical and microbiological success at the end of therapy. Results: The mean duration of levonadifloxacin therapy was 7.2 days, with a time to clinical improvement averaging at 4 days. Three hundred and three patients received oral therapy, 875 received IV, and 51 received a combination of IV followed by oral therapy. Patients were prescribed levonadifloxacin for skin and soft-tissue infections, diabetic foot infections, septicemia, catheter-related bloodstream infections, bone and joint infections, febrile neutropenia, and respiratory infections including COVID-19 pneumonia. High clinical success rates of 98.3%, 93.7%, and 96.1% with oral, IV, and IV followed by oral levonadifloxacin, respectively, were obtained. Only 11 mild adverse events were reported in 9 patients which included constipation, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. Overall, 96.3% and 97.3% of investigators rated the efficacy and safety of levonadifloxacin as “good to excellent.” Conclusions: An excellent safety and efficacy profile of levonadifloxacin was observed in this study making it a suitable treatment option for management of various bacterial infections, including those caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens such as MRSA and quinolone-resistant S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"30 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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