International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research最新文献

Background: Globally, prevalence of diabetes is 10.5%, and in 2019, approximately 463 million adults were living with diabetes by 2045; this will increase to 700 million (10.9%). India is a diabetic capital of world, prevalence of diabetes in India is 8.3%.

Aim: This study aimed to assess self-care practices (SCPs) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, its predictors, and effect of SCP on glycemic control.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 300 known T2DM patients in the age group of 18-60 years attending noncommunicable diseases clinic at Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, selected using two-stage purposive sampling method. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected from consenting respondents on the sociodemographic profile (about their residence, gender, marital status, type of family, educational status, family income, employment status, etc.). SCP was assessed using Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: Among 300 patients with a mean age 50 ± 8.9 years, the prevalence of good SCPs was 37%. Out of 189 T2DM patients with poor SCPs, 66.4% had uncontrolled blood sugar level (285.4 ± 67 mg/dL). Out of 73 T2DM patients with poor SCPs, 65.7% had uncontrolled glycated hemoglobin level (8.4% ± 2%), and this was statistically significant.

Conclusion: The practice of self-care was found to be suboptimal among patients with T2DM in the study.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neuro-osteal syndrome of childhood and a constellation of cerebral hemiatrophy, facial asymmetry, seizures, osseous changes, and hemiplegia. It commonly presents with seizures and hemiplegia. The involvement of the kidney in DDMS is not known in the available literature, except in a case report that described ectopic kidney in DDMS. We present the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented with recurrent seizures, right facial palsy, left hemiparesis, and advanced renal failure. The neuroimaging revealed diffuse right cerebral atrophy, dilatation of the ipsilateral lateral ventricle, and ipsilateral thickening of the calvaria. The nephrological evaluation suggested the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease stage VD, probably secondary to congenital hypoplasia of the kidney.

Introduction: Mobile phones are frequently used in environments of high bacteria presence. These can harbor various potential pathogens and become an exogenous source of nosocomial infections. Even in recent outbreak of COVID-19, it has become a point which needs to be sanitized to prevent and control further disease transmission as it is equally important for health-care professionals to use mobile phones in the hospital and other health and care settings, especially for communication. The present study was conducted to determine the potential role of mobile phones in the dissemination of disease.

Objective: To compare the evaluation of microbial contamination on the mobile phones used by dental health-care professionals and faculty of senior secondary school and to access the microbial contamination of mobile phones by measuring the percentages of pathogens and to determine the type of bacteria commonly present on mobile phones. It also assesses the efficacy of 70% ethyl alcohol to be used as decontamination solution.

Materials and methods: A total of 126 mobile phones were screened in the study; 63 mobile phones belonging to dental health-care personnel from nine different specialties of dental college (Group 1 - test group) and 63 mobile phones belonging to nonhealth-care personnel like school teachers of senior schools (Group 2 - control group). All the samples were taken before and after cleaning with 70% ethyl alcohol. A total of 252 swab samples were taken.

Results: Microbial contamination was approximately 68% in swab samples taken from mobile phones before cleaning with 70% of ethyl alcohol but even with one time disinfection with alcohol, decontamination was found to be only 95% effective. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common isolated organism in swabs collected from dental college. Pathogenic bacteria were more prevalent in samples of dental college than to school samples.

Conclusion: Ninetythree percentage of cell phones of health-care workers were contaminated and they act as potential source of nosocomial infections. Alcohol should be used to disinfect the mobile phones.

Background: Around 80% of preterm births (PTBs) occur spontaneously. Various biomarkers are being evaluated to assess the possible role of chorioamniotic inflammation in PTBs.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the accuracy of serum bio-markers( cut off values of ferritin and alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] at midtrimester) along with cervical length [CL] assessment to predict preterm delivery among low-risk women.

Methods: Three hundred low-risk pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary health care facility were included and underwent CL measurement during mid-trimester by transvaginal ultrasonography and their serum levels of ferritin and AFP were recorded. All were followed up till delivery.

Results: Receptor-operated characteristic curves for ferritin, AFP, and CL were constructed. Area under curves and Youden Index calculated for each marker were very low (<0.5) which is statistically considered very poor for a screening test.

Conclusion: Serum ferritin and AFP together with CL measurement in the second trimester of pregnancy had poor discriminatory value in predicting preterm delivery among low-risk asymptomatic pregnant women.

Background: Obesity and overweight, irrespective of metabolic status, confer an increased risk of adverse consequences including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The mechanisms underlying altered cardiovascular responses in obese individuals during and after submaximal treadmill exercise are the subjects of great interest to public health. After graded exercise, delayed heart rate recovery (HRR), exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response, and prolongation of QT interval are the powerful predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that may facilitate timely identification of individuals at risk of CVD and help to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment interventions.

Aim: To compare the cardiovascular parameters on submaximal treadmill exercise in obese and nonobese adults.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 80 subjects, 40 obese (cases) and 40 normal-weight individuals (controls), belonging to the age group of 18-60 years. Each participant was subjected to submaximal treadmill exercise according to the Bruce protocol. Heart rate (HR), systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured preexercise, immediately after exercise, and during passive recovery at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. The Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test, whichever is appropriate, were employed for the comparison of variables between the two study groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean HR immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min postexercise was significantly higher in obese when compared to nonobese participants (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, P = 0.001) despite similar resting HR in both the groups (P = 0.874). Mean SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP were significantly higher in obese in comparison to nonobese subjects in all stages, i.e. before exercise, immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. QT and QTc intervals were also found to be significantly greater in obese than nonobese subjects in all stages (P = 0.001 each).

Conclusion: Obese subjects had higher resting BP (SBP, DBP, and MAP), QT/QTc interval, RPP, and increased response to submaximal treadmill exercise activity. Delayed HRR after exercise was also noted in obese subjects which indicates that obese populations are at risk of developing CVDs due to alteration in autonomic functions with sympathetic hyperactivity.