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XXIst International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, 2004. Proceedings. ISDEIV.最新文献

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Analyses on insulation performance of breaking processes for vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器分断过程绝缘性能分析
Xiaoming Liu, Yundong Cao, Erzhi Wang, Lei Li
In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the unbounded electric field of a 40.SkV vacuum interrupter (VI). During calculating, multi-dielectrics (such as; air, porcelain casing, vacuum) have been taken into consideration, 4nd the potential variations of each floating electrode under different operating instants hare been obtained. Moreover, the whole electric field distributions of the VI with different opening strokes have been computed and figured out dynamically.
本文采用有限元法计算了一种40型电磁铁的无界电场。SkV真空灭流器(VI)。计算时,多介质(如;在空气、瓷壳、真空条件下,得到了各浮电极在不同工作时刻的电势变化。此外,还动态计算了不同开孔冲程下的全电场分布。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of work function variation on metal surface cleianing by vacuum arc discharge 功函数变化对真空电弧清理金属表面的影响
M. Sugimoto, K. Takeda
Cleaning by vacuum arc discharge was applied to the descaling of a stainless-steel plate surface. The surface of the stainless steel becomes rough after treatment because the surface melts and fixes at the same time as the scale is removed by the discharge. Recent experimental results indicate that application of chemical agents to the scale before treatment leads to a smoother surface. Measurement of the scale surface with a Kelvin probe revealed that coating with chemical agents affected the work function.
采用真空电弧放电法对不锈钢板表面除垢进行了研究。处理后的不锈钢表面变得粗糙,因为表面融化和固定的同时,水垢被排出。最近的实验结果表明,在处理前在水垢上应用化学药剂可以使表面更光滑。用开尔文探针测量了水垢表面,发现化学试剂的涂覆影响了水垢的功函数。
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引用次数: 0
Design on permanent magnet actuator and simulation of dynamic characteristic for vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器永磁作动器设计及动态特性仿真
Cao Yundong, Hou Chunguang, L. Xiaoming, Wang Er-zhi
A novel Permanent Magnet Actuator (PMA) is put forward in this paper. The 3D magnetic distributions of PMA in different conditions have been computed, adopting ANSOFT9.0 software. In order to determine the size of each part of PMA, the variations of each parameter haw been simulated in dynamic course of breaking and closing. Based on the simulation results, the prototype is manufactured and assembled. The feasibility of the proposed PMA and the simulation veracity of the dynamic characteristic of breaking and closing hare been proved by the tested data of the prototype.
提出了一种新型永磁作动器。采用ANSOFT9.0软件计算了不同条件下PMA的三维磁性分布。为了确定PMA各部件的尺寸,模拟了PMA在断裂和闭合的动态过程中各参数的变化。根据仿真结果,对样机进行了制造和组装。通过样机的试验数据,验证了该方法的可行性和对破合动态特性仿真的准确性。
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引用次数: 4
Transition mode of the vacuum arc in an axial magnetic field: comparison of experimental results and theory 真空电弧在轴向磁场中的过渡模式:实验结果与理论比较
E. Taylor, M. Keidar
The transition mode for drawn vacuum arcs in an axial magnetic field (AMF) occurred over a few milliseconds during the evolution from the initial bridge column arc to the diffuse arc mode. This dynamic period of arc evolution could be studied using a diffuse column arc model for the behavior of individual cathode spot jets burning in parallel with a high-current arc column. The model calculated a critical arc voltage, above which the sign of the anode sheath for the individual spots changed from negative to positive with respect to the inter-contact plasma. In this case, the individual jet could continue burning only if the anode supplied B significant fraction of its near-anode plasma. This change could hinder the existence of individual cathode spot jets outside the column. Experimental observations of the transition mode showed that when the arc voltage exceeded the critical voltage, the arc was in one of two modes. The lint mode consisted of a central column with few or no cathode spots outside the column, and the second involved the appearance of some cathode spots outside the column. When the arc voltage dropped below the critical voltage, the arc converted into a high-current diffuse mode. The diffuse column model can be used to explain the observed transition mode behavior. Cathode spots could freely burn over the cathode surface when the arc voltage was less than the critical voltage because of the change in sign of the anode sheath. This could divert current out of the arc column, thereby lowering the magnetic pinch pressure on the column and causing it to collapse. The theoretical predictions of the critical voltage agreed well with the observed transition to a high-current diffuse mode for AC currents ranging from 5-28 kA rms and axial magnetic field strengths from 2.5-7.5 mT/kA.
抽真空电弧在轴向磁场作用下由初始桥柱电弧向扩散电弧过渡的过程仅发生在几毫秒内。电弧演化的动态周期可以用扩散柱电弧模型来研究与大电流电弧柱平行燃烧的单个阴极点射流的行为。该模型计算了一个临界电弧电压,在此电压之上,相对于接触等离子体,单个点的阳极护套的符号从负变为正。在这种情况下,只有当阳极提供其近阳极等离子体的显著部分时,单个射流才能继续燃烧。这种变化可能会阻碍柱外个别阴极点射流的存在。过渡模式的实验观察表明,当电弧电压超过临界电压时,电弧处于两种模式之一。绒线模式由中心柱组成,柱外很少或没有阴极斑点,第二种模式涉及柱外出现一些阴极斑点。当电弧电压降至临界电压以下时,电弧转变为大电流扩散模式。扩散柱模型可以用来解释观测到的跃迁模式行为。当电弧电压低于临界电压时,由于阳极护套符号的变化,阴极表面出现了自由烧蚀现象。这可能会将电流从电弧柱中分流出去,从而降低磁夹压在电弧柱上的压力,导致电弧柱崩溃。临界电压的理论预测与观察到的在交流电流范围为5-28 kA rms,轴向磁场强度为2.5-7.5 mT/kA时向大电流漫射模式的转变非常吻合。
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引用次数: 21
The influence of CuCr25 characteristics on the interruption capability of vacuum interrupters CuCr25特性对真空灭弧器中断能力的影响
M. Devismes, H. Schellekens, P. Picot, S. Olive, A. Henon, J. Ponthenier, M. Boutillier
This paper presents an extended survey on the influence of material characteristics of CuCr2S on the overall performance of Axial Magnetic Field Vacuum Interrupters (VI'S). Three distinct production processes are used to manufacture this material which can be discriminated by the maximum operating temperature; these processes are : solid state sintering (Tmax = 1050°C) , liquid stale sintering (Tmax = 1200°C) and melting (Tmin = 1600°C). In this way materials with varying density (95% - 99.9%) and conductivity (23 MS/m - 34 MS/m) are obtained. These materials are characterised for their welding strength, chopping current, cold dielectric behaviour, interruption performance and gas content. The materials are tested as 20 mm diameter flat contacts in an asymmetrical V1 with external axial magnetic field coil. Short circuit interruption performance was highly dependent on the production process. We performed our tests at a short circuit current of about 10 kA in a strong AMF (15 mT/kA) and at a recovery voltage of 12 kV (TRV peak 21 kV). Under these conditions most materials interrupt the current but produce late to very late breakdowns. We correlate this behaviour to the above mentioned material characteristics, the gas and impurity content of the contacts and arc erosion products. We conclude that the solid stale sintering process yields a reliable and economical CuCr25 contact material with good overall performance in axial magnetic field VI's.
本文对CuCr2S材料特性对轴向磁场真空灭弧器(VI'S)整体性能的影响进行了深入研究。三种不同的生产工艺用于制造这种材料,可以通过最高工作温度来区分;这些过程是:固态烧结(Tmax = 1050℃),液态烧结(Tmax = 1200℃)和熔融(Tmin = 1600℃)。用这种方法可以得到密度(95% - 99.9%)和电导率(23 MS/m - 34 MS/m)不同的材料。这些材料的特点是焊接强度,斩波电流,冷介电性能,中断性能和气体含量。材料在带有外轴向磁场线圈的非对称V1中作为直径为20mm的扁平触点进行测试。短路中断性能高度依赖于生产工艺。我们在强AMF (15 mT/kA)中约10 kA的短路电流和12 kV (TRV峰值21 kV)的恢复电压下进行了测试。在这些条件下,大多数材料中断电流,但产生晚到很晚的击穿。我们将这种行为与上述材料特性、触点和电弧侵蚀产物的气体和杂质含量联系起来。结果表明,采用固体烧结工艺制备的CuCr25触点材料在轴向磁场下具有良好的综合性能,性能可靠、经济。
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引用次数: 9
Effect of space charge on electric field for a vacuum interrupter 空间电荷对真空灭流器电场的影响
Xiaoming Liu, Yundong Cao, Erzhi Wang, H. Jia
In this paper, for reflecting the distribution of electric field with post-arc charged particles, the electric field model based on the variation of the space charges of a vacuum interrupter has been established and calculated using the finite element method (FEM). In computing, the effects of floating shield and Hick open boundary on the charged electric field distribution have been taken into considerations, respectively. The distributions of electric field varying with the different distribution of space charges within the region of the contacts and between the contacts and floating shielding cover after current zero. have been clearly reflected. By comparison with different simulation results, the influence of space charges on the distribution of electric field during the breaking of vacuum interrupter has been studied and illustrated in this paper.
为了反映电弧后带电粒子的电场分布,建立了基于真空灭弧器空间电荷变化的电场模型,并用有限元方法进行了计算。在计算中,分别考虑了浮动屏蔽和希克开边界对带电电场分布的影响。电流为零后,电场分布随触点区域内和触点与浮罩之间空间电荷分布的不同而变化。已经被清楚地反映出来。通过与不同模拟结果的比较,研究并说明了空间电荷对真空灭流器开断过程中电场分布的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Hardening of carbonaceous and alloyed steels by low energy nitrogen ions irradiation in arc discharge plasma 低能氮离子辐照电弧放电等离子体硬化碳质及合金钢的研究
V. Belous, G. I. Nosov
Effect of low energy nitrogen ions irradiation in arc discharge plasma on structure and properties of a surface carbonaceous and alloyed steels (U8, St.30, PhVG, Ph12M, 5PhNV) was studied. The ion irradiation of steel specimens was performed vacuum facility with a triode gas plasma source based on thermionic cathode arc discharge ignited in atmosphere of pure nitrogen at low pressure. The nitrogen ions bombarded steel specimens surface carried out an energy 600 eV. The pressure of nitrogen at ion irradiation was 0,9...2 Pa. The temperature of irradiated specimens was not above 520°C. Studies were made into the structure, composition and microhardness of irradiated carbonaceous and alloyed steel specimens. Metallographic, X-ray diffraction and electron-microscope methods were used to investigate the surfaces of irradiated specimens. It is founded that microhardness of irradiated steel specimens surface increases by factors of 1.8 to 3. The thickness of strengthened layer reaches 80 ... 100 microns. Unstrengthening of bulk after nitrogen ions irradiation took place for carbonaceous steels with low heat resistance (U8, St.30). The bulk of material exhibits practically no unstrengthening after ion irradiation of alloyed steels with high heat resistance (PhVG, Ph12M, 5PhNV). The X-ray diffraction analysis performed for irradiated steels by nitrogen ions points presence of Fe 2-3/N (ϵ-phase), Fe4N (γ-phase) and carbide phase in most cases. Wear resistant and life-in-service of steel tools after nitrogen ions irradiation (U8, PhVG) were increased by factors of 2 or 3.
研究了电弧放电等离子体低能氮离子辐照对表面碳质和合金钢(U8、St.30、PhVG、Ph12M、5PhNV)组织和性能的影响。采用真空装置,在低压纯氮气氛中点燃基于热离子阴极电弧放电的三极管气体等离子体源,对钢试样进行了离子辐照。氮离子轰击钢试样表面产生了600 eV的能量。离子辐照时氮的压力分别为0、9、2Pa。辐照试样的温度不超过520℃。对辐照后碳质钢和合金钢试样的组织、成分和显微硬度进行了研究。采用金相、x射线衍射和电子显微镜等方法对辐照试样表面进行了研究。结果表明,辐照钢试样表面显微硬度增加了1.8 ~ 3倍。强化层厚度达到80…100微米。对于低耐热性(U8, St.30)的碳质钢,氮离子辐照后体不强化。高耐热合金钢(PhVG, Ph12M, 5PhNV)离子辐照后,大部分材料几乎没有出现不强化现象。对辐照钢进行了x射线衍射分析,大多数情况下氮离子点存在Fe 2-3/N (ϵ-phase)、Fe4N (γ-相)和碳化物相。氮离子辐照(U8, PhVG)后钢工具的耐磨性和使用寿命提高了2 ~ 3倍。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of conditions of formation of a stationary big section beam in plasma electron sources 等离子体电子源中固定大截面光束形成条件的模拟
O. N. Petrovich
The physics-mathematical model of an accelerating gap of a plasma electron source in an initial vacuum range of pressure is offered. Results of numerical modelling of formation of a stationary electron beam in sources with the plasma emitter having the big emission surface are presented. By computer simulation it were determined limiting values of pressure of residual gas in an accelerating gap at which generation of an electron beam is still possible. Influence of a return ion current on critical values of working pressure is investigated.
给出了初始真空压力范围内等离子体电子源加速间隙的物理数学模型。给出了大发射面等离子体发射极源中固定电子束形成的数值模拟结果。通过计算机模拟,确定了加速间隙中残余气体压力的极限值,在该极限值下电子束仍有可能产生。研究了回流离子电流对工作压力临界值的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Optimum assignment of component tolerances for actuator of vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器执行机构元件公差的优化分配
Wang Er-zhi, Chen Gang, Sun Bo
In this paper, the concept of optimal tolerance design for components of the actuator of vacuum circuit breaker is presented. the cost function related with nominal component parameters and its tolerances is chosen as the objective function, and the acceptable region of the tolerances is formed by some constraints. The optimum tolerances of the components of the actuator are given by solving the nonlinear programming problem, and the optimization results are discussed.
提出了真空断路器执行机构部件公差优化设计的概念。选择与部件标称参数及其公差相关的成本函数作为目标函数,通过一定的约束形成公差的可接受区域。通过求解非线性规划问题,给出了执行机构各部件的最优公差,并对优化结果进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Model of thermal and stressed state of material and cutting tool at plasma-machine treatment 等离子体机处理时材料和刀具的热应力状态模型
G. Kostyuk, E. Voliak
In this paper the determination of temperature and stress distribution in the coating material and in the cutting tool was carried out on a basis of model of thermal and stressed state of cutting tool and machined material where the thermal balances in the chip (machined material), coating (hardened layer) and in the tool body are investigated with the appropriate boundary conditions. This approach provides a possibility to determine parameters required for calculation of cutting tool wear, to determine its theoretical wear life, to estimate a probability of elastic chipping of cutting tool edge and the probability of its dimensions change due to the creeping.
本文以刀具和被加工材料的热应力状态模型为基础,研究了切屑(被加工材料)、涂层(硬化层)和刀体内的热平衡,并在适当的边界条件下确定了涂层材料和刀具内部的温度和应力分布。这种方法可以确定刀具磨损计算所需的参数,确定刀具的理论磨损寿命,估计刀具刃口弹性切屑的概率和刀具刃口因蠕变而发生尺寸变化的概率。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
XXIst International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, 2004. Proceedings. ISDEIV.
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