Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.23
F. Wahyuni, Desi Eka Putri, Yozarwardi Usama Putra, Dachriyanus Hamidi
Objective: Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub. (cemara Sumatra) is one of the plants found in Indonesia and other countries known as a medicine plant. Taxus's bark, leaves, and shoots are used traditionally and massively for some diseases (cancer, etc.), so recently it has become a rare plant. The chemical constituents of T. sumatrana are alkaloids, steroids, tannins, and flavonoids. This study aimed to investigate the potential anticancer properties of T. sumatrana bark, leaves, and shoot extracts. Methods: The cytotoxic activity against the HELA, T47D, and MCF-7/HER2 cell lines was determined using the MTT assay. Each cell was cultured on 96 well plates treated with extract of T. sumatrana with concentrations of 100, 10, 1, and 0,1 µg/ml. Cells were incubated for 48 h at 37 °C, 5% CO2 and then given 100 µl MTT solution 0.5 mg/ml in PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) for 4 h. The results of the measurements were processed with the GraphPad Prism Program. Results: The bark, leaves, and shoots extracts have strong cytotoxic activity based on IC50 parameters. The mean IC50 of bark, leaves, and shoots on the HELA cell line consecutively 8.94; 5.93; and 4.08 μg/ml; on the T47D cell line 5.80, 4.86, and 4,11 μg/ml; and on MCF-7/HER2 cell line 7.46, 10.60, and 13.74 μg/ml). Conclusion: T. sumatrana bark, leaves, and shoots have potential anti-cancer properties.
{"title":"CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF TAXUS SUMATRANA (MIQ.) DE LAUB. BARK, LEAVES, AND SHOOTS ON HELA, T47D, AND MCF-7/HER2 CELL LINES","authors":"F. Wahyuni, Desi Eka Putri, Yozarwardi Usama Putra, Dachriyanus Hamidi","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub. (cemara Sumatra) is one of the plants found in Indonesia and other countries known as a medicine plant. Taxus's bark, leaves, and shoots are used traditionally and massively for some diseases (cancer, etc.), so recently it has become a rare plant. The chemical constituents of T. sumatrana are alkaloids, steroids, tannins, and flavonoids. This study aimed to investigate the potential anticancer properties of T. sumatrana bark, leaves, and shoot extracts. \u0000Methods: The cytotoxic activity against the HELA, T47D, and MCF-7/HER2 cell lines was determined using the MTT assay. Each cell was cultured on 96 well plates treated with extract of T. sumatrana with concentrations of 100, 10, 1, and 0,1 µg/ml. Cells were incubated for 48 h at 37 °C, 5% CO2 and then given 100 µl MTT solution 0.5 mg/ml in PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) for 4 h. The results of the measurements were processed with the GraphPad Prism Program. \u0000Results: The bark, leaves, and shoots extracts have strong cytotoxic activity based on IC50 parameters. The mean IC50 of bark, leaves, and shoots on the HELA cell line consecutively 8.94; 5.93; and 4.08 μg/ml; on the T47D cell line 5.80, 4.86, and 4,11 μg/ml; and on MCF-7/HER2 cell line 7.46, 10.60, and 13.74 μg/ml). \u0000Conclusion: T. sumatrana bark, leaves, and shoots have potential anti-cancer properties. ","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.30
Triswanto Sentat, Henny Lucida, W. Widyati, Hansen Nasif, Y. Harahap, Pandu Harijono, Ratih Ratih
Objective: The primary purposes of this research were to develop and validate a novel, accurate, sensitive, and repeatable bioanalytical method for determining amikacin in human plasma employing UPLC-MS/MS. Methods: The bioanalytical procedure of amikacin involved a BEH C18 UPLC column as a stationary phase, with an employed mobile phase consisting of 0.1% v/v formic acid and acetonitrile (85:15 v/v). The flow rate was set at 0.1 ml/min, and the column temperature was kept at 30 °C. Kanamycin was selected as an internal standard. Amikacin and kanamycin were determined at mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 585.9>162.9 and 484.67>162.83, respectively. The amikacin bioanalysis method in the plasma matrix at the optimum separation condition was validated by determination of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, carry-over, matrix effect, and stability. Results: The optimum conditions of the sample preparation procedure were obtained through liquid-liquid extraction using trichloroacetic acid, followed by vortex mixing for one minute and centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for five minutes. Ten µl of supernatant was collected and injected into the system. A linear response was achieved in the 1.0-150.0 µg/ml range with R2 0.9997. Accuracy and precision met the requirements with % differences and coefficient variation at all concentration levels less than 15% and at the LLOQ level (1 μg/ml) less than 20%. The validated analytical method of amikacin in plasma is required for therapeutic monitoring in patients. The data would be valuable for determining or adjusting amikacin doses to enhance patient safety. Conclusion: A bioanalytical method was developed and validated for determining amikacin in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. The method selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, carry-over, matrix effect, and stability were performed.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A BIOANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING OF AMIKACIN IN HUMAN PLASMA USING ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY","authors":"Triswanto Sentat, Henny Lucida, W. Widyati, Hansen Nasif, Y. Harahap, Pandu Harijono, Ratih Ratih","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The primary purposes of this research were to develop and validate a novel, accurate, sensitive, and repeatable bioanalytical method for determining amikacin in human plasma employing UPLC-MS/MS. \u0000Methods: The bioanalytical procedure of amikacin involved a BEH C18 UPLC column as a stationary phase, with an employed mobile phase consisting of 0.1% v/v formic acid and acetonitrile (85:15 v/v). The flow rate was set at 0.1 ml/min, and the column temperature was kept at 30 °C. Kanamycin was selected as an internal standard. Amikacin and kanamycin were determined at mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 585.9>162.9 and 484.67>162.83, respectively. The amikacin bioanalysis method in the plasma matrix at the optimum separation condition was validated by determination of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, carry-over, matrix effect, and stability. \u0000Results: The optimum conditions of the sample preparation procedure were obtained through liquid-liquid extraction using trichloroacetic acid, followed by vortex mixing for one minute and centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for five minutes. Ten µl of supernatant was collected and injected into the system. A linear response was achieved in the 1.0-150.0 µg/ml range with R2 0.9997. Accuracy and precision met the requirements with % differences and coefficient variation at all concentration levels less than 15% and at the LLOQ level (1 μg/ml) less than 20%. The validated analytical method of amikacin in plasma is required for therapeutic monitoring in patients. The data would be valuable for determining or adjusting amikacin doses to enhance patient safety. \u0000Conclusion: A bioanalytical method was developed and validated for determining amikacin in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. The method selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, carry-over, matrix effect, and stability were performed.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.18
Armita Harahap, Suci Triamarta, Dinda Kharisma, Wiwik Hanifah, Muhammad Iqbal, Nurwahidatul Arifa, F. Ismed
Objective: Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crop that has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Using corn kernels on a large scale will produce much corn cob waste, usually unused. According to the literature search, corn cobs’ phytochemical studies and pharmacological activities still need to be improved. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites (metabolite profiling) and their antityrosinase and anti-aging potential. Methods: Corn cobs were macerated with methanol and fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The phytochemical profiling approach of the methanol extract was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectra (LC-MS/MS). Anti-tyrosinase and anti-aging bioactivity were evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography and IC50 spectrophotometrically. Results: The evaluation results show that the butanol fraction leads to a potential value (IC50 99.92 µg/ml). Several compounds, especially flavonoid compounds (including catechin; kaempferol 3-arabinofuranoside 7-rhamnoside; 6,8-Di-C-beta-D-arabino pyranosyl apigenin; 5,7-Dihydroxy-8,4’-dimethoxyisoflavone) were identified by LC-MS/MS by comparing the molecular mass of MS/MS data with literature data. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that butanol is the fraction that most actively inhibits tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzymes, which means it potentially becomes a new anti-aging candidate.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-TYROSINASE-ANTI-AGING POTENTIAL AND METABOLITE PROFILING FROM THE BIOACTIVE FRACTION OF CORN COB (ZEA MAYS L.)","authors":"Armita Harahap, Suci Triamarta, Dinda Kharisma, Wiwik Hanifah, Muhammad Iqbal, Nurwahidatul Arifa, F. Ismed","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crop that has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Using corn kernels on a large scale will produce much corn cob waste, usually unused. According to the literature search, corn cobs’ phytochemical studies and pharmacological activities still need to be improved. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites (metabolite profiling) and their antityrosinase and anti-aging potential. \u0000Methods: Corn cobs were macerated with methanol and fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The phytochemical profiling approach of the methanol extract was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectra (LC-MS/MS). Anti-tyrosinase and anti-aging bioactivity were evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography and IC50 spectrophotometrically. \u0000Results: The evaluation results show that the butanol fraction leads to a potential value (IC50 99.92 µg/ml). Several compounds, especially flavonoid compounds (including catechin; kaempferol 3-arabinofuranoside 7-rhamnoside; 6,8-Di-C-beta-D-arabino pyranosyl apigenin; 5,7-Dihydroxy-8,4’-dimethoxyisoflavone) were identified by LC-MS/MS by comparing the molecular mass of MS/MS data with literature data. \u0000Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that butanol is the fraction that most actively inhibits tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzymes, which means it potentially becomes a new anti-aging candidate.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.04
Uswatul Hasanah, Yesica Azfitri, L. Fitriani, Erizal Zaini
Objective: Tenoxicam is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug employed for managing musculoskeletal conditions. However, its effectiveness is obstructed by its restricted ability to dissolve in water. This investigation aims to create a multicomponent crystal involving tenoxicam and tromethamine to augment tenoxicam's solubility and dissolution rate. Methods: Using the solvent drop grinding technique, the multicomponent crystal was synthesized by combining tenoxicam and tromethamine in equimolar proportions. The physicochemical properties of multicomponent crystal were assessed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FT-IR spectroscopy. Solubility test and dissolution rate profile were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of multicomponent crystal formation in compared to intact tenoxicam. The solubility test occurred in CO2-free distilled water over 48 h and was quantified using UV spectrophotometry at 368 nm. Dissolution rate profiles were conducted using a USP type II dissolution apparatus in HCl 0.1 N, and CO2-free distilled water as the dissolution media. Results: The multicomponent crystal displayed distinctive characteristics in the diffractogram, including altered melting points, and shifts in the FT-IR spectrum peaks. Within the multicomponent crystal system, the solubility of tenoxicam exhibited a notable increase, specifically by a factor of 11.130. Moreover, the dissolution efficiency of tenoxicam in HCl 0.1 N solution and CO2-free distilled water showed substantial enhancements, with respective increases of 2.600-fold and 8.605-fold observed at the 60-minute mark. Conclusion: In conclusion, the tenoxicam and tromethamine multicomponent crystal formation using a solvent drop grinding technique resulted in a novel crystalline structure, enhancing the solubility and dissolution of tenoxicam both in CO2-free distilled water and HCl 0.1 N.
目的：替诺昔康是一种用于治疗肌肉骨骼疾病的非甾体抗炎药。然而，由于其溶解于水的能力有限，其有效性受到了阻碍。本研究旨在创建一种包含替诺昔康和三甲胺的多组分晶体，以提高替诺昔康的溶解度和溶解速率。研究方法采用溶剂滴磨技术，将替诺昔康和氨基丁三醇以等摩尔比例混合，合成多组分晶体。通过粉末 X 射线衍射 (PXRD)、差示扫描量热 (DSC) 和傅立叶变换红外光谱评估了多组分晶体的理化性质。为了评估多组分晶体与完整的替诺昔康相比的有效性，还进行了溶解度测试和溶解速率曲线测试。溶解度测试在无二氧化碳的蒸馏水中进行，历时 48 小时，采用 368 纳米紫外分光光度法进行定量。使用美国药典 II 型溶解仪，以 0.1 N 盐酸和不含二氧化碳的蒸馏水作为溶解介质，进行溶解速率曲线测试。结果多组分晶体在衍射图中显示出独特的特征，包括熔点的改变和傅立叶变换红外光谱峰的移动。在多组分晶体体系中，替诺昔康的溶解度明显增加，特别是增加了 11.130 倍。此外，替诺昔康在 0.1 N 盐酸溶液和无二氧化碳蒸馏水中的溶解效率也有大幅提高，在 60 分钟时分别提高了 2.600 倍和 8.605 倍。结论总之，利用溶剂滴磨技术形成的替诺昔康和氨丁三醇多组分晶体具有新颖的晶体结构，可提高替诺昔康在无二氧化碳蒸馏水和 0.1 N 盐酸中的溶解度和溶解效率。
{"title":"TENOXICAM-TROMETHAMINE MULTICOMPONENT CRYSTAL: PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SOLUBILITY, AND DISSOLUTION EVALUATION","authors":"Uswatul Hasanah, Yesica Azfitri, L. Fitriani, Erizal Zaini","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Tenoxicam is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug employed for managing musculoskeletal conditions. However, its effectiveness is obstructed by its restricted ability to dissolve in water. This investigation aims to create a multicomponent crystal involving tenoxicam and tromethamine to augment tenoxicam's solubility and dissolution rate. \u0000Methods: Using the solvent drop grinding technique, the multicomponent crystal was synthesized by combining tenoxicam and tromethamine in equimolar proportions. The physicochemical properties of multicomponent crystal were assessed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FT-IR spectroscopy. Solubility test and dissolution rate profile were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of multicomponent crystal formation in compared to intact tenoxicam. The solubility test occurred in CO2-free distilled water over 48 h and was quantified using UV spectrophotometry at 368 nm. Dissolution rate profiles were conducted using a USP type II dissolution apparatus in HCl 0.1 N, and CO2-free distilled water as the dissolution media. \u0000Results: The multicomponent crystal displayed distinctive characteristics in the diffractogram, including altered melting points, and shifts in the FT-IR spectrum peaks. Within the multicomponent crystal system, the solubility of tenoxicam exhibited a notable increase, specifically by a factor of 11.130. Moreover, the dissolution efficiency of tenoxicam in HCl 0.1 N solution and CO2-free distilled water showed substantial enhancements, with respective increases of 2.600-fold and 8.605-fold observed at the 60-minute mark. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, the tenoxicam and tromethamine multicomponent crystal formation using a solvent drop grinding technique resulted in a novel crystalline structure, enhancing the solubility and dissolution of tenoxicam both in CO2-free distilled water and HCl 0.1 N.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.22
Perwitasari Da, S. D., S. T., D. H., Faridah In, Irham Lm
Objective: The objective of this study is to define the profile of liver function of tuberculosis patients during the treatment. Methods: We conducted the longitudinal study with adult tuberculosis patients treated with the first line of antituberculosis as the inclusion criteria. The pregnant and patients with comorbidities which related to liver function were excluded. We measured the total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) over the 2nd, 4th, and 6th mo of the treatment. Results: We recruited 202 patients, with 58.91% male patients, and the mean age was 39.91 (SD: 17.18) years old. As 9% of tuberculosis patients experienced increased levels of bilirubin, AST, and ALT, and 50% among them experienced increased levels of bilirubin, AST, and ALT starting from 2nd mo of the treatment. The total bilirubin level in the 2nd,4th, and 6th mo were 0.57, 0.59 and 0.67 mg/dl, respectively. The AST levels were 27, 22, and 26 U/l in 2nd,4th and 6th mo, respectively, and the ALT levels were 21,19 and 25 U/l in 2nd,4th and 6th mo, respectively. At the end of the treatment, around 4.5% tuberculosis patients experienced high levels of bilirubin, AST and ALT. Conclusion: The monitoring treatment for tuberculosis patients should be conducted until the end of the treatment because the level of bilirubin, AST, and ALT increased after 6th mo of treatment.
{"title":"LIVER FUNCTIONS PROFILE OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN INDONESIA DURING ANTITUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT","authors":"Perwitasari Da, S. D., S. T., D. H., Faridah In, Irham Lm","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study is to define the profile of liver function of tuberculosis patients during the treatment. \u0000Methods: We conducted the longitudinal study with adult tuberculosis patients treated with the first line of antituberculosis as the inclusion criteria. The pregnant and patients with comorbidities which related to liver function were excluded. We measured the total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) over the 2nd, 4th, and 6th mo of the treatment. \u0000Results: We recruited 202 patients, with 58.91% male patients, and the mean age was 39.91 (SD: 17.18) years old. As 9% of tuberculosis patients experienced increased levels of bilirubin, AST, and ALT, and 50% among them experienced increased levels of bilirubin, AST, and ALT starting from 2nd mo of the treatment. The total bilirubin level in the 2nd,4th, and 6th mo were 0.57, 0.59 and 0.67 mg/dl, respectively. The AST levels were 27, 22, and 26 U/l in 2nd,4th and 6th mo, respectively, and the ALT levels were 21,19 and 25 U/l in 2nd,4th and 6th mo, respectively. At the end of the treatment, around 4.5% tuberculosis patients experienced high levels of bilirubin, AST and ALT. \u0000Conclusion: The monitoring treatment for tuberculosis patients should be conducted until the end of the treatment because the level of bilirubin, AST, and ALT increased after 6th mo of treatment.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.08
Irene Puspa Dewi, Dachriyanus, Y. Aldi, Nor Hadiani Ismail, D. Hefni, Meri Susanti, Suryati Syafri, F. Wahyuni
Objective: The study explores the potential of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract for anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. simplicia was macerated with distilled ethanol. In vitro testing was done on Raw 264.7 macrophages to fulfill this aim by observing Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6 production and phagocytosis activity. The production of IL-6 and TNF-α were determined using the ELISA method while phagocytosis activity using the neutral red uptake method. Results: The results showed that Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract inhibited production of TNF-α and IL-6 and phagocytic activity and on Raw 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract could be developed as an anti-inflammatory, which can be improved as a novel pharmaceutical approach for treating inflammation-related illness.
研究目的本研究探讨了莪术提取物的抗炎潜力。研究方法用蒸馏乙醇浸渍莪术。为了达到这一目的，对 Raw 264.7 巨噬细胞进行了体外测试，观察肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-6 的产生和吞噬活性。IL-6和TNF-α的产生采用酶联免疫吸附法测定，吞噬活性采用中性红吸收法测定。结果表明结果表明，莪术提取物能抑制 Raw 264.7 巨噬细胞产生 TNF-α 和 IL-6，并抑制其吞噬活性。结论结果表明，莪术提取物可作为一种抗炎药物进行开发，并可作为治疗炎症相关疾病的一种新型药物方法进行改进。
{"title":"CURCUMA AERUGINOSA ROXB. EXTRACT INHIBITS THE PRODUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES ON RAW 264.7 MACROPHAGES","authors":"Irene Puspa Dewi, Dachriyanus, Y. Aldi, Nor Hadiani Ismail, D. Hefni, Meri Susanti, Suryati Syafri, F. Wahyuni","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study explores the potential of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract for anti-inflammatory properties. \u0000Methods: Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. simplicia was macerated with distilled ethanol. In vitro testing was done on Raw 264.7 macrophages to fulfill this aim by observing Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6 production and phagocytosis activity. The production of IL-6 and TNF-α were determined using the ELISA method while phagocytosis activity using the neutral red uptake method. \u0000Results: The results showed that Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract inhibited production of TNF-α and IL-6 and phagocytic activity and on Raw 264.7 macrophages. \u0000Conclusion: The results demonstrated that Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract could be developed as an anti-inflammatory, which can be improved as a novel pharmaceutical approach for treating inflammation-related illness.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.12
Rahmi Yosmar, Eugenia Shepany, Najmiatul Fitria
Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that is the leading cause of blindness, heart disease, and kidney failure. Geriatric patients with type 2 DM and complications require multiple medications (polypharmacy), contributing to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). DDIs can affect the clinical outcome of patients. This study aims to analyze potential drug-drug interactions based on the mechanism and severity, determine the relationship between the number of medications and potential drug interaction, and determine the relationship between polypharmacy and the severity of clinical outcomes. Methods: This was an analytical observational with retrospective data collection through patient medical records of hospitalized patients treated with an antidiabetic and one or more other drugs that met the inclusion criteria, involving 81 patients using total sampling. Results: The result showed that out of 81 patients, there were 59 patients who potentially experienced drug-drug interactions (72.8%) with a total of 162 cases of drug interactions, and the most prevalent interaction mechanism was pharmacodynamic (84.0%) with a moderate severity level (57.4%). There was a significant relationship between the number of medications and potential drug-drug interactions (p<0.05). At the same time, there was no meaningful relationship between polypharmacy and the severity of drug interactions with clinical outcomes (p>0.05). Conclusion: An increase in the number of drugs is a predictor of drug interactions. Although drug interactions may theoretically occur, not all interactions will significantly affect patients.
{"title":"A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUG INTERACTIONS IN GERIATRIC NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS","authors":"Rahmi Yosmar, Eugenia Shepany, Najmiatul Fitria","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that is the leading cause of blindness, heart disease, and kidney failure. Geriatric patients with type 2 DM and complications require multiple medications (polypharmacy), contributing to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). DDIs can affect the clinical outcome of patients. This study aims to analyze potential drug-drug interactions based on the mechanism and severity, determine the relationship between the number of medications and potential drug interaction, and determine the relationship between polypharmacy and the severity of clinical outcomes. \u0000Methods: This was an analytical observational with retrospective data collection through patient medical records of hospitalized patients treated with an antidiabetic and one or more other drugs that met the inclusion criteria, involving 81 patients using total sampling. \u0000Results: The result showed that out of 81 patients, there were 59 patients who potentially experienced drug-drug interactions (72.8%) with a total of 162 cases of drug interactions, and the most prevalent interaction mechanism was pharmacodynamic (84.0%) with a moderate severity level (57.4%). There was a significant relationship between the number of medications and potential drug-drug interactions (p<0.05). At the same time, there was no meaningful relationship between polypharmacy and the severity of drug interactions with clinical outcomes (p>0.05). \u0000Conclusion: An increase in the number of drugs is a predictor of drug interactions. Although drug interactions may theoretically occur, not all interactions will significantly affect patients.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Allicin is one of the components contained in garlic extract (Allium sativum L) and can easily be decomposed. To improve the chemical stability of allicin, a garlic extract was formulated in a phytosome system. Phytosomes, which are colloidal systems, are susceptible to ostwald ripening, which can result in an increase in particle size distribution. Changes in the size distribution indicate that the system is physically unstable. The aimed of the study was to test the physical stability of the garlic extract phytosome stored at three different temperatures for four weeks. Methods: Garlic extract phytosomes (GEP) were prepared by the thin layer hydration method using garlic extract and lecithin at the same concentration of 4.5%. Furthermore, the phytosomes were stored at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C for four weeks. Every week, a physical evaluation was carried out (organoleptic, pH, density, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential). The data obtained were analysed statistically using the Friedman test. Results: The phytosome’s organoleptic result showed separation at 4 °C and 40 °C, starting from the second week. The average particle size of phytosomes was 214.3 nm, the zeta potential value was -29.08 mV, and the polydispersity value was 0.46. The results of statistical analysis showed that the Asymp. Sig<0.05 indicated that the particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, pH values, and density were significantly different at each week and storage temperature. Conclusion: Conclusion based on study indicated a decrease in the physical stability of phytosomes, especially those stored at extreme temperatures (4 °C and 40 °C).
{"title":"GARLIC EXTRACT PHYTOSOME: PREPARATION AND PHYSICAL STABILITY","authors":"Rahmah Elfiyani, Naniek Setiadi Radjab, Anisa Nurul Wijaya","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Allicin is one of the components contained in garlic extract (Allium sativum L) and can easily be decomposed. To improve the chemical stability of allicin, a garlic extract was formulated in a phytosome system. Phytosomes, which are colloidal systems, are susceptible to ostwald ripening, which can result in an increase in particle size distribution. Changes in the size distribution indicate that the system is physically unstable. The aimed of the study was to test the physical stability of the garlic extract phytosome stored at three different temperatures for four weeks. \u0000Methods: Garlic extract phytosomes (GEP) were prepared by the thin layer hydration method using garlic extract and lecithin at the same concentration of 4.5%. Furthermore, the phytosomes were stored at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C for four weeks. Every week, a physical evaluation was carried out (organoleptic, pH, density, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential). The data obtained were analysed statistically using the Friedman test. \u0000Results: The phytosome’s organoleptic result showed separation at 4 °C and 40 °C, starting from the second week. The average particle size of phytosomes was 214.3 nm, the zeta potential value was -29.08 mV, and the polydispersity value was 0.46. The results of statistical analysis showed that the Asymp. Sig<0.05 indicated that the particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, pH values, and density were significantly different at each week and storage temperature. \u0000Conclusion: Conclusion based on study indicated a decrease in the physical stability of phytosomes, especially those stored at extreme temperatures (4 °C and 40 °C).","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aimed to develop and optimize the microcapsule formula of bisoprolol fumarate-Eudragit EPO by double-emulsion solvent evaporation. Methods: The preparation of bisoprolol fumarate-Eudragit EPO microcapsule was done in three different ratios 1: 3 (F1), 1: 4 (F2), and 1: 5 (F3), followed by characterization of each of the microcapsule formula using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer. Further analysis included investigation of the drug loading, entrapment efficiency, solubility in pH 6.8, and the difference among dissolution profiles of each microcapsule using one-way ANOVA. Results: Infra-red spectrum showed no chemical interaction between bisoprolol fumarate and Eudragit E PO in microcapsules. The morphology and structure of F1 microcapsule was irregular spheres, while F2 and F3 were regular spheres. The average particle distribution of microcapsules was 24.765±0,236 μm (F1), 28.245±0,252 μm (F2), and 40.634±0,218 μm (F3). The drug loading was 7.691±0,087 % (F1), 8.922±0,056 % (F2), and 9.012±0,133% (F3). The encapsulation efficiency was 4.980 % (F1), 5.857%(F2), and 6,285 %(F3). The average amount of bisoprolol fumarate released in pH 6.8 was 2.113±0,289 % (F1), 1.954±0,015 % (F2), and 1.619±0,020 % (F3). The dissolution profile between each formula was statistically different (p value= 0,000). Conclusion: As the low value of drug loading and encapsulation efficiency in each formula, we concluded that the microencapsulation formula with Eudragit EPO by solvent evaporation method is not effective to entrap bisoprolol fumarate.
{"title":"MICROENCAPSULATION BISOPROLOL FUMARATE WITH EUDRAGIT E PO BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD","authors":"Azhoma Gumala, Febriyenti, Fithriani Armin, Zahrah Yulindra","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to develop and optimize the microcapsule formula of bisoprolol fumarate-Eudragit EPO by double-emulsion solvent evaporation. \u0000Methods: The preparation of bisoprolol fumarate-Eudragit EPO microcapsule was done in three different ratios 1: 3 (F1), 1: 4 (F2), and 1: 5 (F3), followed by characterization of each of the microcapsule formula using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer. Further analysis included investigation of the drug loading, entrapment efficiency, solubility in pH 6.8, and the difference among dissolution profiles of each microcapsule using one-way ANOVA. \u0000Results: Infra-red spectrum showed no chemical interaction between bisoprolol fumarate and Eudragit E PO in microcapsules. The morphology and structure of F1 microcapsule was irregular spheres, while F2 and F3 were regular spheres. The average particle distribution of microcapsules was 24.765±0,236 μm (F1), 28.245±0,252 μm (F2), and 40.634±0,218 μm (F3). The drug loading was 7.691±0,087 % (F1), 8.922±0,056 % (F2), and 9.012±0,133% (F3). The encapsulation efficiency was 4.980 % (F1), 5.857%(F2), and 6,285 %(F3). The average amount of bisoprolol fumarate released in pH 6.8 was 2.113±0,289 % (F1), 1.954±0,015 % (F2), and 1.619±0,020 % (F3). The dissolution profile between each formula was statistically different (p value= 0,000). \u0000Conclusion: As the low value of drug loading and encapsulation efficiency in each formula, we concluded that the microencapsulation formula with Eudragit EPO by solvent evaporation method is not effective to entrap bisoprolol fumarate.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.21
Dwi Lestari, E. S. Syamsul, Wirnawati, Suryati Syafri, S. Syofyan, A. Rohman, Nancy Dewi Yuliana, Nor Kartini BT. ABU BAKAR, Dachriyanus Hamidi
Objective: The objective of this study was to employ Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR‑ATR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for the analysis of rat meat adulteration in beef sausages. Methods: Lipid components in sausages were extracted using three extraction methods, namely Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Soxhlet methods. The lipid components extracted were then analysed using FTIR‑ATR spectroscopy, and their spectra obtained were used as variables during chemometrics modeling. Samples were prepared by mixing beef with adulterant of rat meat in the concentration range of 0-100% of rat meat. Each sample was scanned using FTIR-Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy in three replicates at 4000-650 cm-1 wavenumber region. Results: The absorbance values at wavenumbers regions of 3100-700 cm-1 were used to discriminate lipid components extracted by the Bligh Dyer, Folch, and Soxhlet Method with an accuracy level of 100%. The prediction of rat sausages was successfully determined using multivariate calibrations of Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principle Component Regression (PCR) using optimised conditions. Conclusion: FTIR-ATR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics is a rapid and accurate method for detecting and quantifying rat meat in beef sausages for halal authentication.
{"title":"RAPID DETECTION OF RAT MEAT ADULTERATION IN BEEF SAUSAGES USING FTIR‑ATR SPECTROSCOPY AND CHEMOMETRICS FOR HALAL AUTHENTICATION","authors":"Dwi Lestari, E. S. Syamsul, Wirnawati, Suryati Syafri, S. Syofyan, A. Rohman, Nancy Dewi Yuliana, Nor Kartini BT. ABU BAKAR, Dachriyanus Hamidi","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to employ Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR‑ATR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for the analysis of rat meat adulteration in beef sausages. \u0000Methods: Lipid components in sausages were extracted using three extraction methods, namely Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Soxhlet methods. The lipid components extracted were then analysed using FTIR‑ATR spectroscopy, and their spectra obtained were used as variables during chemometrics modeling. Samples were prepared by mixing beef with adulterant of rat meat in the concentration range of 0-100% of rat meat. Each sample was scanned using FTIR-Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy in three replicates at 4000-650 cm-1 wavenumber region. \u0000Results: The absorbance values at wavenumbers regions of 3100-700 cm-1 were used to discriminate lipid components extracted by the Bligh Dyer, Folch, and Soxhlet Method with an accuracy level of 100%. The prediction of rat sausages was successfully determined using multivariate calibrations of Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principle Component Regression (PCR) using optimised conditions. \u0000Conclusion: FTIR-ATR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics is a rapid and accurate method for detecting and quantifying rat meat in beef sausages for halal authentication.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"10 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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