Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.15
Elsa Badriyya, Yoneta Srangenge, Joyce Artha Roslina Siregar, ALMAHDY A.
Objective: Diethylene glycol is listed in the Inventory of Cosmetic Ingredients as a solvent, viscosity controller, and fragrance. Most of diethylene glycol's toxicity is caused by ingesting the contaminated product. This study aims to determine the effect of a teratogen caused by diethylene glycol on mice fetuses. Methods: In this study, 20 mice were used, which were divided into four groups. Diethylene glycol was given with three variations of doses 1662.5, 3325, and 6650 mg/kgBW during the organogenesis period, day 6-15. The effects of teratogens observed were maternal body weight, fetal body weight, and number of fetuses, which were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, as well as morphological and skeletal abnormalities, which were analyzed descriptively. Results: Based on the results of the study, there was a significant difference in the body weight of the mice given diethylene glycol and the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight and the number of fetuses in the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). On the results of fixation of Bouins' solution, defects in the form of hemorrhage, resorption sites, and slow growth were found. At the same time, the results of the fixation of alizarin red solution found defects in the sternal, nasal, caudal, metacarpal, metatarsal, and phalanges bones. Conclusion: The conclusion based on the research is that diethylene glycol has the potential to provide teratogenic effects on mouse fetuses.
{"title":"THE TERATOGENIC EFFECT OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (DEG) ON FETUS MORPHOLOGY IN WHITE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS L.)","authors":"Elsa Badriyya, Yoneta Srangenge, Joyce Artha Roslina Siregar, ALMAHDY A.","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diethylene glycol is listed in the Inventory of Cosmetic Ingredients as a solvent, viscosity controller, and fragrance. Most of diethylene glycol's toxicity is caused by ingesting the contaminated product. This study aims to determine the effect of a teratogen caused by diethylene glycol on mice fetuses. \u0000Methods: In this study, 20 mice were used, which were divided into four groups. Diethylene glycol was given with three variations of doses 1662.5, 3325, and 6650 mg/kgBW during the organogenesis period, day 6-15. The effects of teratogens observed were maternal body weight, fetal body weight, and number of fetuses, which were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, as well as morphological and skeletal abnormalities, which were analyzed descriptively. \u0000Results: Based on the results of the study, there was a significant difference in the body weight of the mice given diethylene glycol and the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight and the number of fetuses in the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). On the results of fixation of Bouins' solution, defects in the form of hemorrhage, resorption sites, and slow growth were found. At the same time, the results of the fixation of alizarin red solution found defects in the sternal, nasal, caudal, metacarpal, metatarsal, and phalanges bones. \u0000Conclusion: The conclusion based on the research is that diethylene glycol has the potential to provide teratogenic effects on mouse fetuses.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.02
D. Dillasamola, Y. Aldi, F. Wahyuni, R. Rita, Yohannes Alen, Dachriyanus
Objective: SARS-CoV-2 is an illness that attacks the respiratory tract's alveoli lining cells. One approach to tackling it is to strengthen the immune system of the body, which has an organ specifically dedicated to defending against diseases. Among the key components of the body's immune system that defend against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are Natural Killer (NK) cells. Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a plant commonly used by communities to boost their immunity. The aim of this study was to examine the activity and characterization results of Sungkai leaves on Natural Killer cells. Method: Sungkai powder was extracted using a 70% ethanol solvent and evaporated using a rotary evaporator. It was then fractionated using n-Hexane and evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick fraction. The thick fraction was then chromatographed, resulting in two isolated compounds that were tested in vivo for their immunostimulatory activity using mice as test animals with ethical approval (405/UN.16.2/KEP-FK/2021). Results: The study consisted of five groups, including a normal group and four other groups of white mice that had been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen Moderna vaccine 0.0013 ml. Conclusion: The results showed that stigmasterol was more effective than Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in increasing Natural Killer cells' immunostimulant activity.
{"title":"STUDY OF ACTIVE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM SUNGKAI LEAF (PERONEMA CANESCENS JACK) AS IMMUNOSTIMULANT FROM EXPOSURE OF THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS ANTIGEN TO NATURAL KILLER CELLS","authors":"D. Dillasamola, Y. Aldi, F. Wahyuni, R. Rita, Yohannes Alen, Dachriyanus","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: SARS-CoV-2 is an illness that attacks the respiratory tract's alveoli lining cells. One approach to tackling it is to strengthen the immune system of the body, which has an organ specifically dedicated to defending against diseases. Among the key components of the body's immune system that defend against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are Natural Killer (NK) cells. Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a plant commonly used by communities to boost their immunity. The aim of this study was to examine the activity and characterization results of Sungkai leaves on Natural Killer cells. \u0000Method: Sungkai powder was extracted using a 70% ethanol solvent and evaporated using a rotary evaporator. It was then fractionated using n-Hexane and evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick fraction. The thick fraction was then chromatographed, resulting in two isolated compounds that were tested in vivo for their immunostimulatory activity using mice as test animals with ethical approval (405/UN.16.2/KEP-FK/2021). \u0000Results: The study consisted of five groups, including a normal group and four other groups of white mice that had been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen Moderna vaccine 0.0013 ml. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed that stigmasterol was more effective than Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in increasing Natural Killer cells' immunostimulant activity.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.34
Fitri Rachmaini, Armenia, Rahmad Abdillah
Objective: Diabetes and its vascular complications could prevent by antioxidants. Purified gambir is the purified extract of Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb, which contains more than 90% catechins and scientifically work as antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the effect of purified gambir on renal function in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were induced by alloxan 125 mg/kgBW by intraperitoneal injection. Forty-five diabetic rats were divided into five groups, diabetic control group treated with vehicle, a positive control group treated with glibenclamide at dose 0.45 mg/kgBW, and treatment groups of purified gambir at doses of 2.50, 5, and 10 mg/kgBW for 14 d. Blood glucose, water intake, urine volume, creatinine clearance, renal ratio, and urine density were measured on day 3, 7, and 14. All data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results: Purified gambir significantly lower blood glucose (p<0.05) and had a significant effect (p<0.05) on renal function parameters in diabetic rats. Duration of treatment purified gambir in diabetic rats had a significant effect (p<0.05) on water intake, urine volume, creatinine clearance and renal ratio. Conclusion: This result show that purified gambir at dose 2.5 mg/kgBW increased the renal function of diabetic rats, in contrast, purified gambir at dose 5 and 10 mg/kgBW attenuate renal function of diabetic rats
{"title":"PURIFIED GAMBIR (UNCARIA GAMBIR (HUNTER) ROXB.) ATTENUATE RENAL FUNCTION IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MALE RATS","authors":"Fitri Rachmaini, Armenia, Rahmad Abdillah","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diabetes and its vascular complications could prevent by antioxidants. Purified gambir is the purified extract of Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb, which contains more than 90% catechins and scientifically work as antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the effect of purified gambir on renal function in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats. \u0000Methods: Diabetic rats were induced by alloxan 125 mg/kgBW by intraperitoneal injection. Forty-five diabetic rats were divided into five groups, diabetic control group treated with vehicle, a positive control group treated with glibenclamide at dose 0.45 mg/kgBW, and treatment groups of purified gambir at doses of 2.50, 5, and 10 mg/kgBW for 14 d. Blood glucose, water intake, urine volume, creatinine clearance, renal ratio, and urine density were measured on day 3, 7, and 14. All data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. \u0000Results: Purified gambir significantly lower blood glucose (p<0.05) and had a significant effect (p<0.05) on renal function parameters in diabetic rats. Duration of treatment purified gambir in diabetic rats had a significant effect (p<0.05) on water intake, urine volume, creatinine clearance and renal ratio. \u0000Conclusion: This result show that purified gambir at dose 2.5 mg/kgBW increased the renal function of diabetic rats, in contrast, purified gambir at dose 5 and 10 mg/kgBW attenuate renal function of diabetic rats","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"12 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.33
Suryati Syafri, Riskana Soraya Putri, I. Jaswir, Faridah Yusof, Yohannes Alen, S. Syofyan, Dachriyanus Hamidi
Objective: This study aims to determine the wound-healing activity of turmeric essential oil (TEO) collected from seven growing locations in West Sumatra, classify it based on fingerprint patterns of IR spectra combined with chemometrics, and identify their metabolite profiling using GC-MS spectroscopy. Methods: Fresh turmeric rhizome was extracted by the hydrodistillation method. TEO classification was carried out by PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis) was used for predicting characteristic functional groups and metabolites (VIP>1) in TEO. Wound healing activity was performed using in vitro fibroblast cell proliferation and migration assay. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. Results: PCA analysis based FTIR spectra was able to determine highland and lowland-originated TEO. The metabolites responsible for TEO classification were α-Phellandrene and D-limonene. The result showed that TEO originating from both lowlands and highlands enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation and fibroblast cell migration. Conclusion: The combination of IR spectral fingerprint patterns and chemometric analysis could classify TEO based on the height location of growth. The results showed that the altitude of the growing location had no significant effect on the wound-healing activity of TEO from West Sumatra (p>0.05).
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA LINN) ESSENTIAL OIL FROM DIFFERENT GROWING LOCATIONS USING FTIR/GC-MS SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED TO CHEMOMETRICS AND ITS WOUND HEALING ACTIVITIES","authors":"Suryati Syafri, Riskana Soraya Putri, I. Jaswir, Faridah Yusof, Yohannes Alen, S. Syofyan, Dachriyanus Hamidi","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to determine the wound-healing activity of turmeric essential oil (TEO) collected from seven growing locations in West Sumatra, classify it based on fingerprint patterns of IR spectra combined with chemometrics, and identify their metabolite profiling using GC-MS spectroscopy. \u0000Methods: Fresh turmeric rhizome was extracted by the hydrodistillation method. TEO classification was carried out by PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis) was used for predicting characteristic functional groups and metabolites (VIP>1) in TEO. Wound healing activity was performed using in vitro fibroblast cell proliferation and migration assay. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. \u0000Results: PCA analysis based FTIR spectra was able to determine highland and lowland-originated TEO. The metabolites responsible for TEO classification were α-Phellandrene and D-limonene. The result showed that TEO originating from both lowlands and highlands enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation and fibroblast cell migration. \u0000Conclusion: The combination of IR spectral fingerprint patterns and chemometric analysis could classify TEO based on the height location of growth. The results showed that the altitude of the growing location had no significant effect on the wound-healing activity of TEO from West Sumatra (p>0.05).","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.07
Eliza Arman, ALMAHDY A., Putri Dafriani, Dedy Almasdy
Objective: Traditional therapies are increasingly explored as alternative methods for the management of diabetic ulcer. VCO and black cumin oil has attracted attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in promoting skin wound healing. Methods: The rats were induced with one dose diabetes mellitus through the of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 55 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were monitored weekly for assessment. The wound was created using a 10-mm diameter punch biopsy. An experimental methodology was used, comprising the division of 30 rats into six groups, namely control, VCO, black cumin oil, and combinations of VCO and black cumin oil labeled as C1, C2, and C3. The formulated treatments were topically applied to wound for 7 and 14 d. At the end of the treatment, the samples were sacrificed and wound was excised, followed by molecular biological analysis and histopathological examination. Results: On day 7, VEGF gene expression showed the highest increase in the C3 group, with an average of 1.85±0.10. Meanwhile, the highest increase on day 14 was observed in the C3 group, with an average of 1.69±0.11. C3 group treated wounds healed much faster, as indicated by a decreased time of complete epithelization and higher levels of various skin components. Conclusion: The combination of VCO and black cumin oil could be used as an agent to accelerate wound healing in diabetic conditions, as indicated by the increased expression of VEGF gene.
{"title":"COMBINED EFFECT OF TOPICAL APPLICATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) AND BLACK CUMIN OIL (NIGELLA SATIVA) ON THE UPREGULATION OF VEGF GENE EXPRESSION AND WOUND HEALING IN DIABETIC ULCERATED RATS.","authors":"Eliza Arman, ALMAHDY A., Putri Dafriani, Dedy Almasdy","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Traditional therapies are increasingly explored as alternative methods for the management of diabetic ulcer. VCO and black cumin oil has attracted attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in promoting skin wound healing. \u0000Methods: The rats were induced with one dose diabetes mellitus through the of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 55 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were monitored weekly for assessment. The wound was created using a 10-mm diameter punch biopsy. An experimental methodology was used, comprising the division of 30 rats into six groups, namely control, VCO, black cumin oil, and combinations of VCO and black cumin oil labeled as C1, C2, and C3. The formulated treatments were topically applied to wound for 7 and 14 d. At the end of the treatment, the samples were sacrificed and wound was excised, followed by molecular biological analysis and histopathological examination. \u0000Results: On day 7, VEGF gene expression showed the highest increase in the C3 group, with an average of 1.85±0.10. Meanwhile, the highest increase on day 14 was observed in the C3 group, with an average of 1.69±0.11. C3 group treated wounds healed much faster, as indicated by a decreased time of complete epithelization and higher levels of various skin components. \u0000Conclusion: The combination of VCO and black cumin oil could be used as an agent to accelerate wound healing in diabetic conditions, as indicated by the increased expression of VEGF gene.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"21 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Processed meat products are highly popular among the community. However, deceptive traders sometimes adulterate these products with pork elements, necessitating thorough inspections. The qualitative detection of lard in processed products can be analyzed using UV spectrophotometry with chemometric techniques such as Linear Discriminant Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. These methods facilitate data analysis derived from spectra and wavelengths, enabling the categorization of objects and providing high accuracy. Methods: This study aimed to determine whether processed products in Medan contain lard using UV spectrophotometry, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis methods. Results: The highest fat yield was obtained from lard at 14.24%, while the lowest was from chicken fat at 7.00%. The maximum wavelength results for control samples were 234 nm for chicken fat, 237 nm for beef fat, and 268 nm for lard. Data processing using Linear Discriminant Analysis and Principal Component Analysis showed that the processed products of three random samples, nugget, meatball, and sausage type A and C, fell within the same quadrant as chicken fat. Meatball and sausage type B were in the same quadrant as beef fat. Conclusion: Based on the identification of lard in processed products in Medan City using UV spectrophotometer by LDA and PCA, all random samples of nuggets, meatballs, and sausages do not contain lard, and this method can classify chicken fat, beef fat, lard well.
目的：肉类加工产品在社会上很受欢迎。然而，欺骗性商贩有时会在这些产品中掺杂猪肉成分，因此有必要进行彻底检查。加工产品中猪油的定性检测可使用紫外分光光度法和线性判别分析和主成分分析等化学计量技术进行分析。这些方法有助于对光谱和波长进行数据分析，从而对物体进行分类并提供高准确度。方法：本研究旨在使用紫外分光光度法、线性判别分析法和主成分分析法确定棉兰的加工产品是否含有猪油。结果猪油的脂肪含量最高，为 14.24%，鸡油的脂肪含量最低，为 7.00%。对照样品的最大波长结果为：鸡脂肪 234 纳米，牛肉脂肪 237 纳米，猪油 268 纳米。使用线性判别分析和主成分分析进行的数据处理显示，三个随机样本的加工产品，即鸡块、肉丸和香肠 A 型和 C 型，与鸡脂肪属于同一象限。肉丸和香肠 B 型与牛肉脂肪属于同一象限。结论根据使用紫外分光光度计通过 LDA 和 PCA 对棉兰市加工产品中的猪油进行的鉴定，所有随机样本中的鸡块、肉丸和香肠都不含猪油，这种方法可以很好地对鸡脂肪、牛肉脂肪和猪油进行分类。
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF LARD ON PROCESSED PRODUCTS IN MEDAN CITY USING UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER WITH LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS METHODS","authors":"Hafid Syahputra, Sri Yuliasmi, Fathur Rahman Harun, Fadilla Azzahra Sukma, Dita Elnora Siregar, Aliyya Noviyanti Akhraf","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Processed meat products are highly popular among the community. However, deceptive traders sometimes adulterate these products with pork elements, necessitating thorough inspections. The qualitative detection of lard in processed products can be analyzed using UV spectrophotometry with chemometric techniques such as Linear Discriminant Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. These methods facilitate data analysis derived from spectra and wavelengths, enabling the categorization of objects and providing high accuracy. \u0000Methods: This study aimed to determine whether processed products in Medan contain lard using UV spectrophotometry, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis methods. \u0000Results: The highest fat yield was obtained from lard at 14.24%, while the lowest was from chicken fat at 7.00%. The maximum wavelength results for control samples were 234 nm for chicken fat, 237 nm for beef fat, and 268 nm for lard. Data processing using Linear Discriminant Analysis and Principal Component Analysis showed that the processed products of three random samples, nugget, meatball, and sausage type A and C, fell within the same quadrant as chicken fat. Meatball and sausage type B were in the same quadrant as beef fat. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the identification of lard in processed products in Medan City using UV spectrophotometer by LDA and PCA, all random samples of nuggets, meatballs, and sausages do not contain lard, and this method can classify chicken fat, beef fat, lard well.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"20 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.11
Rahmi Yosmar, Ayu Amelia Putri, ALMAHDY A.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of catechins from purified gambier and vitamin C on the MDA levels of male white mice following maximum physical activity. Methods: This research employed an experimental approach using a Post Test Only Control Group Design with male white mice. The interventions included purified gambir catechin and vitamin C alongside physical fatigue-inducing activity. The primary focus was assessing serum MDA levels in these mice, measured using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) method. The test subjects were divided into five groups and average serum MDA levels were measured in each group, followed by an analysis checking for normal distribution and homogeneity. Subsequently, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted. If significant differences were observed among the groups, further analyses were performed with a significance level of p<0.05. All tests maintained a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). Results: The average serum MDA values for the treated groups were 1.63 nmol/ml for the negative control, 2.47 nmol/ml for the positive control, 1.75 nmol/ml for purified gambier catechin 200 mg/kgBW, 1.93 nmol/ml for Vitamin C 65 mg/kgBW, and 1.65 nmol/ml for purified gambier catechin 100 mg/kgBW and vitamin C 32.5 mg/kgBW. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test analysis, there was a significant difference in serum MDA levels (p<0.05) with a significance value of 0.004 of each group. However, the Mann-Whitney test showed that the negative control group significantly differed from the positive control group and there was a significant difference between the positive control and the treatment groups. Conclusion: The administration of catechins from purified gambier and vitamin C reduced MDA levels following maximum physical activity. Further study is recommended to investigate the efficacy of various antioxidants and their combinations in reducing MDA levels.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF CATECHINS FROM PURIFIED GAMBIER (UNCARIA GAMBIR ROXB.) AND VITAMIN C ON MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) LEVELS OF MALE WHITE MICE AFTER PHYSICAL ACTIVITY","authors":"Rahmi Yosmar, Ayu Amelia Putri, ALMAHDY A.","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of catechins from purified gambier and vitamin C on the MDA levels of male white mice following maximum physical activity. \u0000Methods: This research employed an experimental approach using a Post Test Only Control Group Design with male white mice. The interventions included purified gambir catechin and vitamin C alongside physical fatigue-inducing activity. The primary focus was assessing serum MDA levels in these mice, measured using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) method. The test subjects were divided into five groups and average serum MDA levels were measured in each group, followed by an analysis checking for normal distribution and homogeneity. Subsequently, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted. If significant differences were observed among the groups, further analyses were performed with a significance level of p<0.05. All tests maintained a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). \u0000Results: The average serum MDA values for the treated groups were 1.63 nmol/ml for the negative control, 2.47 nmol/ml for the positive control, 1.75 nmol/ml for purified gambier catechin 200 mg/kgBW, 1.93 nmol/ml for Vitamin C 65 mg/kgBW, and 1.65 nmol/ml for purified gambier catechin 100 mg/kgBW and vitamin C 32.5 mg/kgBW. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test analysis, there was a significant difference in serum MDA levels (p<0.05) with a significance value of 0.004 of each group. However, the Mann-Whitney test showed that the negative control group significantly differed from the positive control group and there was a significant difference between the positive control and the treatment groups. \u0000Conclusion: The administration of catechins from purified gambier and vitamin C reduced MDA levels following maximum physical activity. Further study is recommended to investigate the efficacy of various antioxidants and their combinations in reducing MDA levels.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.09
Adhitya Jessica, S. W. N. Yasa, Erizal Zaini, L. Fitriani
Objective: The objectives of this research were to improve the solubility as well as the rate of dissolution of aceclofenac (ACF) through the formation of multicomponent crystals (MCC) with L-glutamine (LGLN) as a coformer and following the liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) technique. Methods: MCC of ACF and LGLN was formed by Liquid Assisted Grinding (LAG) technique. Powder X-ray Diffractometer (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used for MCC characterization. Solubility and dissolution test were determined using ultraviolet-visible (Uv-Vis( spectrophotometer. Results: The results showed a decrease in the diffraction peak intensity, melting point, and enthalpy of fusion. FT-IR analysis showed a non-significant wavenumber shift compared to intact components. These characterizations showed that MCC formed a eutectic mixture. SEM and particle size analysis showed a homogeneous particle rod shape and decreased particle size. ACF's solubility in MCC increased 2.21 times more than intact form. MCC's dissolution rate increased by 5.34 times and 5.56 times, respectively, after 60 min in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and CO2-free distilled water. Conclusion: The formation of MCC of ACF and LGLN considerably enhances ACF's solubility and dissolution rate.
{"title":"INCREASED DISSOLUTION RATE OF ACECLOFENAC BY FORMATION OF MULTICOMPONENT CRYSTALS WITH L-GLUTAMINE","authors":"Adhitya Jessica, S. W. N. Yasa, Erizal Zaini, L. Fitriani","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.09","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objectives of this research were to improve the solubility as well as the rate of dissolution of aceclofenac (ACF) through the formation of multicomponent crystals (MCC) with L-glutamine (LGLN) as a coformer and following the liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) technique. \u0000Methods: MCC of ACF and LGLN was formed by Liquid Assisted Grinding (LAG) technique. Powder X-ray Diffractometer (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used for MCC characterization. Solubility and dissolution test were determined using ultraviolet-visible (Uv-Vis( spectrophotometer. \u0000Results: The results showed a decrease in the diffraction peak intensity, melting point, and enthalpy of fusion. FT-IR analysis showed a non-significant wavenumber shift compared to intact components. These characterizations showed that MCC formed a eutectic mixture. SEM and particle size analysis showed a homogeneous particle rod shape and decreased particle size. ACF's solubility in MCC increased 2.21 times more than intact form. MCC's dissolution rate increased by 5.34 times and 5.56 times, respectively, after 60 min in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and CO2-free distilled water. \u0000Conclusion: The formation of MCC of ACF and LGLN considerably enhances ACF's solubility and dissolution rate.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.03
L. Fitriani, Denanda Shintania, Hendrizal Usman, Uswatul Hasanah, Erizal Zaini
Objective: Trimethoprim is a wide-spectrum antimicrobial compound belonging to Class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), with high permeability but low solubility. This study aimed to prepare a multicomponent crystal (MCC) of trimethoprim-mandelic acid to enhance the solubility of trimethoprim. Methods: MCC trimethoprim–mandelic acid was prepared by spray drying technique. Solid-state characterizations were performed by using PowX-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and polarized microscopy. The solubility test was performed in distilled water. The amount of dissolved trimethoprim was analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using acetonitrile and phosphoric acid 1 % (10:90 v/v) as the mobile phase. Results: MCC characterizations showed a different diffraction pattern from its intact materials according to PXRD analysis, a decrease in the melting point in the DSC thermogram, a shift of the wave number in the FT-IR spectra, and a new crystalline habit compared to the intact materials was presented by SEM analysis. The MCC also showed the color of interference under polarized microscopy, indicating the crystalline phase. The solubility of trimethoprim in MCC increased significantly by 3.98 times in comparison to intact trimethoprim. Conclusion: The MCC trimethoprim-mandelic acid by spray drying technique enhanced the solubility of trimethoprim.
{"title":"PREPARATION OF SPRAY-DRIED MULTICOMPONENT CRYSTALS OF TRIMETHOPRIM-MANDELIC ACID AND ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION","authors":"L. Fitriani, Denanda Shintania, Hendrizal Usman, Uswatul Hasanah, Erizal Zaini","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Trimethoprim is a wide-spectrum antimicrobial compound belonging to Class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), with high permeability but low solubility. This study aimed to prepare a multicomponent crystal (MCC) of trimethoprim-mandelic acid to enhance the solubility of trimethoprim. \u0000Methods: MCC trimethoprim–mandelic acid was prepared by spray drying technique. Solid-state characterizations were performed by using PowX-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and polarized microscopy. The solubility test was performed in distilled water. The amount of dissolved trimethoprim was analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using acetonitrile and phosphoric acid 1 % (10:90 v/v) as the mobile phase. \u0000Results: MCC characterizations showed a different diffraction pattern from its intact materials according to PXRD analysis, a decrease in the melting point in the DSC thermogram, a shift of the wave number in the FT-IR spectra, and a new crystalline habit compared to the intact materials was presented by SEM analysis. The MCC also showed the color of interference under polarized microscopy, indicating the crystalline phase. The solubility of trimethoprim in MCC increased significantly by 3.98 times in comparison to intact trimethoprim. \u0000Conclusion: The MCC trimethoprim-mandelic acid by spray drying technique enhanced the solubility of trimethoprim.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"27 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.10
Najmiatul Fitria, Mila Andela, Resna Rerita, Hansen Nasif
Objective: Complications related to diabetes could reduce the quality of life. In Indonesia, the costs incurred for diabetes mellitus annually will increase as complications of the disease increase. This study explored the cost-effectiveness therapy of metformin-glimepiride combination on post-prandial blood glucose. Methods: Glimepiride is added to the first category for diabetes mellitus receiving metformin to improve blood sugar levels and reduce costs. An observational study was conducted retrospectively to analyze post-prandial blood sugar levels with the total direct medical costs at Universitas Andalas Hospital. The study involved 114 medical records of patients referred during 2021. The combination of Metformin HCL and Glimepiride was compared to Metformin alone in measuring cost and effect parameters. The categorical dependent-independent groups were statistically analyzed using Chi-square, while the cost and effect parameters were calculated to get the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value. Results: There were no significant differences between groups on sociodemographic characteristics (p<0.05). An incremental cost value of IDR 43,291 was obtained for reducing post-prandial blood sugar by 21.92 mg/dl. Conclusion: Increasing cost and effect parameters require further analysis to determine the trade-off point.
{"title":"COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF METFORMIN-GLIMEPIRIDE COMBINATION COMPARED TO SINGLE METFORMIN USE IN DECREASING 2 H POST PRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE","authors":"Najmiatul Fitria, Mila Andela, Resna Rerita, Hansen Nasif","doi":"10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Complications related to diabetes could reduce the quality of life. In Indonesia, the costs incurred for diabetes mellitus annually will increase as complications of the disease increase. This study explored the cost-effectiveness therapy of metformin-glimepiride combination on post-prandial blood glucose. \u0000Methods: Glimepiride is added to the first category for diabetes mellitus receiving metformin to improve blood sugar levels and reduce costs. An observational study was conducted retrospectively to analyze post-prandial blood sugar levels with the total direct medical costs at Universitas Andalas Hospital. The study involved 114 medical records of patients referred during 2021. The combination of Metformin HCL and Glimepiride was compared to Metformin alone in measuring cost and effect parameters. The categorical dependent-independent groups were statistically analyzed using Chi-square, while the cost and effect parameters were calculated to get the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value. \u0000Results: There were no significant differences between groups on sociodemographic characteristics (p<0.05). An incremental cost value of IDR 43,291 was obtained for reducing post-prandial blood sugar by 21.92 mg/dl. \u0000Conclusion: Increasing cost and effect parameters require further analysis to determine the trade-off point.","PeriodicalId":13737,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics","volume":"13 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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