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Essential role of CD155 glycosylation in functional binding to DNAM-1 on natural killer cells. CD155 糖基化在与自然杀伤细胞上的 DNAM-1 功能性结合中的重要作用。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae005
Saeko Tahara, Genki Okumura, Tomohei Matsuo, Akira Shibuya, Kazuko Shibuya

The cluster of differentiation 155 (CD155) is highly expressed on tumor cells and augments or inhibits the cytotoxic activities of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells through its receptor ligands DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT), respectively. Although CD155 is heavily glycosylated, the role of glycosylation of CD155 in the cytotoxic activity of effector lymphocytes remains unknown. Here, we show that the N-linked glycosylation at residue 105 (N105 glycosylation) in the first Ig-like domain of CD155 is involved in the binding of CD155 to both DNAM-1 and TIGIT. The N105 glycosylation also plays an essential role to induce signaling in both DNAM-1 and TIGIT reporter cells. Moreover, we show that the N105 glycosylation of CD155 contributes preferentially to the DNAM-1-mediated activating signal over the TIGIT-mediated inhibitory signal in NK cells. Our results demonstrated the important role of the N105 glycosylation of CD155 in DNAM-1 and TIGIT functions and shed new light on the understanding of tumor immune responses.

CD155在肿瘤细胞上高度表达,并分别通过其受体配体DNAM-1和T细胞免疫球蛋白免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基团结构域(TIGIT)增强或抑制自然杀伤(NK)细胞和T细胞的细胞毒活性。虽然 CD155 被大量糖基化,但 CD155 的糖基化在效应淋巴细胞的细胞毒性活性中的作用仍然未知。在这里,我们发现 CD155 的第一个免疫球蛋白样结构域中残基 105 处的 N-连接糖基化(N105 糖基化)参与了 CD155 与 DNAM-1 和 TIGIT 的结合。N105 糖基化在 DNAM-1 和 TIGIT 报告细胞中诱导信号传导中也起着至关重要的作用。此外,我们还发现在 NK 细胞中,CD155 的 N105 糖基化对 DNAM-1 介导的激活信号的作用优于 TIGIT 介导的抑制信号。我们的研究结果证明了 CD155 的 N105 糖基化在 DNAM-1 和 TIGIT 功能中的重要作用,并为理解肿瘤免疫反应提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X glycans involved in lymphocyte homing. 通过靶向参与淋巴细胞归巢的 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X 聚糖预防实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae009
Qianqian Liu, Wei Xiong, Sachiyo Obara, Hirohito Abo, Hiroko Nakatsukasa, Hiroto Kawashima

Lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes (PLN) is critical for immune surveillance. However, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) can occur due to excessive immune responses in the PLN. Here we show that 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X (6-sulfo sLex) glycans on high endothelial venules that function as ligands for l-selectin on lymphocytes play a critical role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. In N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase (GlcNAc6ST)-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 double-knockout mice lacking the expression of 6-sulfo sLeX glycans, the EAE symptoms and the numbers of effector Th1 and Th17 cells in the draining lymph nodes (dLN) and spinal cords (SC) were significantly reduced. To determine whether 6-sulfo sLeX could serve as a target for MS, we also examined the effects of anti-glycan monoclonal antibody (mAb) SF1 against 6-sulfo sLeX in EAE. Administration of mAb SF1 significantly reduced EAE symptoms and the numbers of antigen-specific effector T cells in the dLN and SC in association with suppression of critical genes including Il17a and Il17f that are involved in the pathogenesis of EAE. Taken together, these results suggest that 6-sulfo sLeX glycan would serve as a novel target for MS.

淋巴细胞归巢到外周淋巴结(PLN)对于免疫监视至关重要。然而,多发性硬化症(MS)等自身免疫性疾病的发生可能是由于外周淋巴结的过度免疫反应。我们在这里发现,内皮高位静脉上的 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X(6-sulfo sLex)聚糖是淋巴细胞上 L 选择素的配体,在多发性硬化症的动物模型实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的发病机制中起着关键作用。在缺乏6-sulfo sLeX聚糖表达的N-乙酰葡糖胺-6-O-磺基转移酶(GlcNAc6ST)-1和GlcNAc6ST-2双基因敲除小鼠中,EAE症状以及引流淋巴结(dLN)和脊髓(SC)中Th1和Th17效应细胞的数量明显减少。为了确定 6-sulfo sLeX 是否可作为多发性硬化症的靶点,我们还研究了抗糖单克隆抗体(mAb)SF1 对 6-sulfo sLeX 在 EAE 中的作用。给予 mAb SF1 能明显减轻 EAE 症状,减少 dLN 和 SC 中抗原特异性效应 T 细胞的数量,同时抑制参与 EAE 发病机制的关键基因(包括 Il17a 和 Il17f)。综上所述,这些结果表明 6-sulfo sLeX 聚糖可作为治疗多发性硬化症的新靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Causal modulation of lipid metabolism may shape the inflammatory microenvironment and potentially augment immunotherapy: a comprehensive genetic landscape revealed by Mendelian randomization analysis. 脂质代谢的因果调节可塑造炎症微环境,并有可能增强免疫疗法:孟德尔随机分析法揭示的综合基因图谱。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae008
Wenjie Li, Wei Wang

Previous observational and experimental studies have suggested a relationship between statin treatments and the augmentation of immunotherapy effects; however, the causal role of statin usage in promoting antitumor immunity remains largely unexplored. Utilizing large-scale genome-wide association studies, we conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to examine the association between genetically proxied inhibition of the gene for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a specific target of statins, and 524 immunotherapy-related profiles, encompassing immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, immune checkpoints, and gut microbiota. Our findings indicated a suggestive association between statin therapy and proinflammatory as well as antitumor effects; notably, inhibition of HMGCR demonstrated a robust link with increased susceptibility of various immune cell types, including basophil cells, white blood cells, eosinophil cells, neutrophil cells, activated CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells; furthermore, a causal relationship was observed between statin use and a decrease in terminal CD8+ T cells, granulocytes, monocytes, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells; genetically proxied statin usage was also significantly associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and immunotherapy-related gut microbiota; importantly, the potential inhibition of HMGCR in influencing the response to immunotherapy was confirmed in the real-world cohorts. This study provides novel insights into the regulatory role of HMGCR inhibition in antitumor immunity, suggesting that strategies targeting HMGCR or lipid regulation may hold therapeutic potential for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy.

背景:以往的观察性和实验性研究表明,他汀类药物治疗与增强免疫治疗效果之间存在关系;然而,他汀类药物的使用在促进抗肿瘤免疫方面的因果作用在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。方法:利用大规模全基因组关联研究,我们进行了孟德尔随机化(MR)分析,研究他汀类药物的特异性靶点--3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)的基因代理抑制与524个免疫疗法相关特征(包括免疫细胞、炎症细胞因子、免疫检查点和肠道微生物群)之间的关联。结果我们的研究结果表明,他汀类药物治疗与促炎症和抗肿瘤作用之间存在提示性关联;特别是,抑制 HMGCR 与各种免疫细胞类型(包括嗜碱性粒细胞、白细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、活化的 CD8+ T 细胞、树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞)的易感性增加有密切联系;此外,还观察到他汀类药物的使用与终末 CD8+ T 细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞和髓源性抑制细胞的减少之间存在因果关系;基因替代他汀类药物的使用还与促炎细胞因子和免疫疗法相关肠道微生物群水平的升高显著相关;重要的是,HMGCR 在影响免疫疗法反应方面的潜在抑制作用在真实世界队列中得到了证实。结论:这项研究为HMGCR抑制在抗肿瘤免疫中的调节作用提供了新的见解,表明针对HMGCR或脂质调节的策略可能具有提高免疫疗法疗效的治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Reprogramming T-cell metabolism to enhance adoptive cell therapies. 重编程 T 细胞新陈代谢,加强收养细胞疗法。
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae007
Meghan Kates, Samuel D Saibil

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an immunotherapeutic approach that involves isolating T cells from a patient, culturing them ex vivo, then reinfusing the cells back into the patient. Although this strategy has shown remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies, the solid-tumour microenvironment (TME) has presented serious challenges for therapy efficacy. Particularly, the TME has immunosuppressive signalling and presents a metabolically challenging environment that leads to T-cell suppression. T-cell metabolism is an expanding field of research with a focus on understanding its inherent link to T-cell function. Here, we review the current model of T-cell metabolism from naïve cells through effector and memory life stages, as well as updates to the model from recent literature. These models of metabolism have provided us with the tools and understanding to explore T-cell metabolic and mitochondrial insufficiency in the TME. We discuss manipulations that can be made to these mitochondrial and metabolic pathways to enhance the persistence of infused T cells, overcome the metabolically challenging TME and improve the efficacy of therapy in ACT models. Further understanding and investigation of the impact of metabolic pathways on T-cell performance could contribute to improving therapy efficacy for patients.

适应性细胞疗法(ACT)是一种免疫治疗方法,包括从患者体内分离出 T 细胞,对其进行体外培养,然后再将细胞回输到患者体内。虽然这种策略在血液恶性肿瘤中显示出显著疗效,但实体瘤微环境(TME)对疗效提出了严峻挑战。尤其是,实体瘤微环境具有免疫抑制信号传导作用,并提供了一个具有挑战性的代谢环境,从而导致 T 细胞抑制。T 细胞新陈代谢是一个不断扩展的研究领域,重点是了解其与 T 细胞功能的内在联系。在此,我们回顾了目前从幼稚细胞到效应细胞和记忆细胞生命阶段的 T 细胞代谢模型,以及近期文献对该模型的更新。这些新陈代谢模型为我们提供了探索 TME 中 T 细胞新陈代谢和线粒体不足的工具和认识。我们讨论了可以对这些线粒体和代谢途径进行的操作,以提高输注 T 细胞的持久性、克服代谢挑战性 TME 并改善 ACT 模型的疗效。进一步了解和研究代谢途径对 T 细胞性能的影响有助于提高患者的疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Crystal structure of the complex of CLEC12A and an antibody that interferes with binding of diverse ligands. CLEC12A 与干扰多种配体结合的抗体的复合物晶体结构。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae006
Shotaro Mori, Masamichi Nagae, Sho Yamasaki

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors, which detect a broad spectrum of ligands via small carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). CLEC12A is an inhibitory CLR that recognizes crystalline structures such as monosodium urate crystals. CLEC12A also recognizes mycolic acid, a major component of mycobacterial cell walls, and suppresses host immune responses. Although CLEC12A could be a therapeutic target for mycobacterial infection, structural information on CLEC12A was not available. We report here the crystal structures of human CLEC12A (hCLEC12A) in ligand-free form and in complex with 50C1, its inhibitory antibody. 50C1 recognizes human-specific residues on the top face of hCLEC12A CRD. A comprehensive alanine scan demonstrated that the ligand-binding sites of mycolic acid and monosodium urate crystals may overlap with each other, suggesting that CLEC12A utilizes a common interface to recognize different types of ligands. Our results provide atomic insights into the blocking and ligand-recognition mechanisms of CLEC12A and leads to the design of CLR-specific inhibitors.

C 型凝集素受体(CLR)是一种模式识别受体,通过小型碳水化合物识别结构域(CRD)检测多种配体。CLEC12A 是一种抑制性 CLR,可识别单钠尿酸盐结晶等结晶结构。CLEC12A 还能识别霉菌细胞壁的主要成分霉菌酸,并抑制宿主的免疫反应。虽然 CLEC12A 可能是霉菌感染的治疗靶点,但目前还没有关于 CLEC12A 的结构信息。我们在此报告了人类 CLEC12A 不含配体的晶体结构以及与其抑制性抗体 50C1 复合物的晶体结构。50C1 可识别 hCLEC12A CRD 顶面的人类特异残基。一项全面的丙氨酸扫描显示,霉菌酸和尿酸单钠盐晶体的配体结合位点可能相互重叠,这表明 CLEC12A 利用一个共同的界面来识别不同类型的配体。我们的研究结果从原子角度揭示了 CLEC12A 的阻断和配体识别机制,有助于设计 CLR 特异性抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in the epithelial barrier theory. 上皮屏障理论的最新进展。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae002
Yagiz Pat, Duygu Yazici, Paolo D'Avino, Manru Li, Sena Ardicli, Ozge Ardicli, Yasutaka Mitamura, Mübeccel Akdis, Raja Dhir, Kari Nadeau, Ioana Agache, Ismail Ogulur, Cezmi A Akdis

The epithelial barrier theory links the recent rise in chronic non-communicable diseases, notably autoimmune and allergic disorders, to environmental agents disrupting the epithelial barrier. Global pollution and environmental toxic agent exposure have worsened over six decades because of uncontrolled growth, modernization, and industrialization, affecting human health. Introducing new chemicals without any reasonable control of their health effects through these years has led to documented adverse effects, especially on the skin and mucosal epithelial barriers. These substances, such as particulate matter, detergents, surfactants, food emulsifiers, micro- and nano-plastics, diesel exhaust, cigarette smoke, and ozone, have been shown to compromise the epithelial barrier integrity. This disruption is linked to the opening of the tight-junction barriers, inflammation, cell death, oxidative stress, and metabolic regulation. Consideration must be given to the interplay of toxic substances, underlying inflammatory diseases, and medications, especially in affected tissues. This review article discusses the detrimental effect of environmental barrier-damaging compounds on human health and involves cellular and molecular mechanisms.

上皮屏障理论认为,近年来慢性非传染性疾病(尤其是自身免疫性和过敏性疾病)的增加与破坏上皮屏障的环境因素有关。六十多年来,由于无节制的增长、现代化和工业化,全球污染和环境有毒物质暴露日益严重,影响了人类健康。这些年来,在没有对新化学物质的健康影响进行合理控制的情况下引入这些物质,导致了有记录的不良影响,尤其是对皮肤和粘膜上皮屏障的影响。这些物质,如微粒物质、洗涤剂、表面活性剂、食品乳化剂、微塑料和纳米塑料、柴油废气、香烟烟雾和臭氧,已被证明会损害上皮屏障的完整性。这种破坏与紧密连接屏障的开放、炎症、细胞死亡、氧化应激和代谢调节有关。必须考虑有毒物质、潜在炎症疾病和药物的相互作用,尤其是在受影响的组织中。这篇综述文章讨论了破坏环境屏障的化合物对人体健康的有害影响,并涉及细胞和分子机制。
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引用次数: 0
The role of IFN-γ-mediated host immune responses in monitoring and the elimination of Toxoplasma gondii infection. IFN-γ 介导的宿主免疫反应在监测和消除弓形虫感染中的作用。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae001
Fumiaki Ihara, Masahiro Yamamoto

Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan parasite of the Apicomplexa family that affects approximately 30% of the world's population. Symptoms are usually mild in immunocompetent hosts, but it can pose significant health risks to immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women. Current treatment options are limited, and new therapies and vaccines are needed. The innate immune system is the first to recognize T. gondii infection and activates pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to promote acquired immunity. The IL-12/IFN-γ axis is particularly important, and when this pathway is inhibited, infection becomes uncontrolled and lethal. In mice, receptors such as Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11), TLR12, and chemokine receptors are involved in T. gondii recognition and the modulation of immune responses. In humans, where TLR11 and TLR12 are absent, other mechanisms have been reported as the innate immune sensing system in T. gondii infection. Immune cells activated in response to infection produce interleukin (IL)-12, which stimulates the proliferation of natural killer cells and T cells and promotes the production of interferon (IFN)-γ. Several IFN-γ-induced anti-T. gondii defense mechanisms inhibit parasite growth. These include nitric oxide (NO) production, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and the destruction of parasitophorous vacuoles by IFN-γ-inducible immunity related GTPase groups (IRGs and GBPs). Recent studies focusing on the diversity of IRGs in rodents and effector molecules in T. gondii suggest that host immune mechanisms and pathogen immune evasion mechanisms have co-evolved. Furthermore, it has been suggested that cysts are not simply dormant during chronic infection. This review summarizes recent findings on anti-T. gondii innate, adaptive, and cell-autonomous immune responses.

弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种致病性原生动物寄生虫,属于弓形虫科(Apicomplexa),全世界约有 30% 的人感染了这种寄生虫。免疫功能正常的宿主通常症状轻微,但它会对免疫抑制患者和孕妇的健康造成严重危害。目前的治疗方案有限,需要新的疗法和疫苗。先天性免疫系统最先识别淋球菌感染,并激活促炎细胞因子和趋化因子,促进获得性免疫。IL-12/IFN-γ轴尤为重要,当这一途径受到抑制时,感染就会失控并致命。在小鼠中,Toll 样受体 11(TLR11)、TLR12 和趋化因子受体等受体参与了对淋球菌的识别和免疫反应的调节。在人类中,由于没有 TLR11 和 TLR12,因此有报道称 T. gondii 感染的先天性免疫传感系统是由其他机制构成的。因感染而被激活的免疫细胞会产生 IL-12,它能刺激自然杀伤细胞和 T 细胞的增殖,并促进 IFN-γ 的产生。IFN-γ 诱导的几种抗淋球菌防御机制可抑制寄生虫的生长。这些机制包括一氧化氮的产生、吲哚胺 2,3-二氧化酶以及 IFN-γ 诱导的免疫相关 GTPase 组(IRGs 和 GBPs)对寄生虫空泡的破坏。最近对啮齿动物中 IRGs 和淋病双球菌中效应分子多样性的研究表明,宿主免疫机制和病原体免疫逃避机制是共同进化的。此外,有研究表明,囊肿在慢性感染期间并非处于休眠状态。本综述总结了有关抗淋病双球菌先天性、适应性和细胞自主免疫反应的最新发现。
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引用次数: 0
A purified diet affects intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier functions through gut microbial alterations. 纯化饮食通过肠道微生物的改变影响肠道上皮细胞的增殖和屏障功能。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae003
Hiroaki Shiratori, Kisara M Hattori, Kazuaki Nakata, Takuma Okawa, Seiga Komiyama, Yusuke Kinashi, Yuma Kabumoto, Yuria Kaneko, Motoyoshi Nagai, Tomoko Shindo, Nobuko Moritoki, Yuki I Kawamura, Taeko Dohi, Daisuke Takahashi, Shunsuke Kimura, Koji Hase

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier function. Although multiple studies have demonstrated the significance of dietary factors on the gut microbiota and mucosal barrier function, the impact of a purified diet, which has long been used in various animal experiments, on intestinal homeostasis remains to be elucidated. Here, we compared the impact of two different types of diets, a crude diet and an AIN-93G-formula purified diet, on epithelial integrity and the gut microbiota. Purified diet-fed mice exhibited shorter villi and crypt lengths and slower epithelial turnover, particularly in the ileum. In addition, antimicrobial products, including REG3γ, were substantially decreased in purified diet-fed mice. Purified diet feeding also suppressed α1,2-fucosylation on the epithelial surface. Furthermore, the purified diet induced metabolic rewiring to fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the ileal contents and mucus layer revealed distinct gut microbiota compositions between the purified and crude diet-fed mice. Purified diet feeding reduced the abundance of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), which potently upregulate REG3γ and fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) by stimulating group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) to produce IL-22. These observations illustrate that the intake of a crude diet secures epithelial barrier function by facilitating SFB colonization, whereas a purified diet insufficiently establishes the epithelial barrier, at least partly owing to the loss of SFB. Our data suggest that the influence of purified diets on the epithelial barrier integrity should be considered in experiments using purified diets.

肠道微生物群在维持上皮屏障功能方面起着至关重要的作用。尽管多项研究已经证明了膳食因素对肠道微生物群和粘膜屏障功能的重要性,但长期以来一直用于各种动物实验的纯化膳食对肠道稳态的影响仍有待阐明。在这里,我们比较了两种不同类型的饮食(粗制饮食和 AIN-93G 配方纯化饮食)对上皮完整性和肠道微生物群的影响。纯化饮食喂养的小鼠表现出较短的绒毛和隐窝长度以及较慢的上皮更新速度,尤其是在回肠。此外,纯化饮食喂养的小鼠体内抗微生物产物(包括胰岛衍生蛋白 3γ (REG3γ))大幅减少。纯化饮食也抑制了上皮细胞表面的α1,2-岩藻糖基化。此外,纯化饮食诱导脂肪酸氧化和酮生成的代谢重构。回肠内容物和粘液层的 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因测序显示,纯化饮食和粗制饮食喂养的小鼠肠道微生物群组成不同。纯化饮食降低了分节丝状菌(SFB)的丰度,SFB 通过刺激第 3 组先天性淋巴细胞(ILC3)产生 IL-22 而有效上调 REG3γ 和岩藻糖基转移酶 2(Fut2)。这些观察结果表明,摄入粗制膳食可通过促进SFB定植来确保上皮屏障功能,而纯化膳食则不能充分建立上皮屏障,至少部分原因是SFB的缺失。我们的数据表明,在使用纯化日粮进行实验时,应考虑纯化日粮对上皮屏障完整性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
TRAF6 signaling in T cells is crucial for the pathogenicity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. T 细胞中的 TRAF6 信号对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的致病性至关重要。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad055
Naganori Kamiyama, Benjawan Saechue, Nozomi Sachi, Astri Dewayani, Thanyakorn Chalalai, Sotaro Ozaka, Shimpei Ariki, Yasuhiro Soga, Yomei Kagoshima, Supanuch Ekronarongchai, Shinya Hidano, Takashi Kobayashi

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Although IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells are thought to be one of the exacerbating factors in MS, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is incompletely understood. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) deficient T cells exhibited enhanced Th17 cell differentiation, however, the physiological relevance of TRAF6 in T cells remains unknown. Here, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in T cell-specific TRAF6 deficient (TRAF6ΔT) mice to investigate the role of TRAF6 in T cells during the course of MS using an EAE model. Although Th17 cell differentiation was enhanced in TRAF6ΔT mice, mutant mice were resistant to EAE. In contrast, TRAF6 loss did not affect regulatory T-cell differentiation. Consistent with the severity of EAE, a small number of infiltrating T cells and a small area of demyelination were observed in the CNS of TRAF6ΔT mice. Moreover, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced IL-17 production in TRAF6-deficient T cells was significantly suppressed. We further confirmed lower levels of CD69 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Th17 cells of TRAF6ΔT mice than in wild-type mice. In contrast, the expression of IL-10 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 in T cells was significantly elevated in the absence of TRAF6 because of enhanced T-cell receptor signaling. Collectively, TRAF6 signaling in T cells contributes to the pathogenesis of EAE by regulating the pathogenicity and autoantigen reactivity of Th17 cells.

多发性硬化症(MS)是一种影响中枢神经系统(CNS)的无法治愈的慢性自身免疫性疾病。尽管产生IL-17的辅助T细胞(Th17)被认为是多发性硬化症的恶化因素之一,但其潜在的致病机制仍不完全清楚。TNF受体相关因子6(TRAF6)缺陷的T细胞表现出Th17细胞分化增强,然而,TRAF6在T细胞中的生理相关性仍然未知。在这里,我们用T细胞特异性TRAF6缺陷(TRAF6ΔT)小鼠诱导实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE),利用EAE模型研究TRAF6在多发性硬化症病程中对T细胞的作用。虽然THAF6ΔT小鼠的Th17细胞分化增强,但突变小鼠对EAE有抵抗力。相反,TRAF6 的缺失并不影响调节性 T 细胞的分化。与 EAE 的严重程度一致,在 TRAF6ΔT 小鼠的中枢神经系统中观察到少量浸润性 T 细胞和小面积脱髓鞘。此外,TRAF6缺陷T细胞中髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白诱导的IL-17生成明显受到抑制。我们进一步证实,与野生型小鼠相比,TRAF6ΔT 小鼠 Th17 细胞中 CD69 和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的水平较低。相反,在 TRAF6 缺失的情况下,由于 T 细胞受体信号的增强,T 细胞中 IL-10 和细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关蛋白 4 的表达明显升高。总之,T细胞中的TRAF6信号通过调节Th17细胞的致病性和自身抗原反应性,有助于EAE的发病机制。
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引用次数: 0
The UDP-glucose/P2Y14 receptor axis promotes eosinophil-dependent large intestinal inflammation. UDP-葡萄糖/P2Y14受体轴促进嗜酸性粒细胞依赖性大肠炎症。
IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad050
Li Liu, Takayoshi Ito, Bo Li, Haruka Tani, Daisuke Okuzaki, Daisuke Motooka, Hazuki Miyazaki, Takayuki Ogino, Shota Nakamura, Kiyoshi Takeda, Hisako Kayama

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder of the large intestine with inflammation and ulceration. The incidence and prevalence of UC have been rapidly increasing worldwide, but its etiology remains unknown. In patients with UC, the accumulation of eosinophils in the large intestinal mucosa is associated with increased disease activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the promotion of intestinal eosinophilia in patients with UC remains poorly understood. Here, we show that uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose mediates the eosinophil-dependent promotion of colonic inflammation via the purinergic receptor P2Y14. The expression of P2RY14 mRNA was upregulated in the large intestinal mucosa of patients with UC. The P2Y14 receptor ligand UDP-glucose was increased in the large intestinal tissue of mice administered dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In addition, P2ry14 deficiency and P2Y14 receptor blockade mitigated DSS-induced colitis. Among the large intestinal immune cells and epithelial cells, eosinophils highly expressed P2ry14 mRNA. P2ry14-/- mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow eosinophils developed more severe DSS-induced colitis compared with P2ry14-/- mice that received P2ry14-deficient eosinophils. UDP-glucose prolonged the lifespan of eosinophils and promoted gene transcription in the cells through P2Y14 receptor-mediated activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Thus, the UDP-glucose/P2Y14 receptor axis aggravates large intestinal inflammation by accelerating the accumulation and activation of eosinophils.

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种伴有炎症和溃疡的慢性大肠疾病。溃疡性结肠炎的发病率和流行率在全球范围内迅速上升,但其病因仍然不明。在 UC 患者中,嗜酸性粒细胞在大肠粘膜的聚集与疾病活动性增加有关。然而,人们对促进 UC 患者肠道嗜酸性粒细胞增多的分子机制仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们发现二磷酸尿苷(UDP)-葡萄糖通过嘌呤能受体 P2Y14 介导了嗜酸性粒细胞对结肠炎症的促进作用。在 UC 患者的大肠粘膜中,P2RY14 mRNA 的表达上调。给小鼠注射右旋糖酐硫酸钠(DSS)后,其大肠组织中的 P2Y14 受体配体 UDP-葡萄糖增加。此外,P2ry14 缺乏和 P2Y14 受体阻断可减轻 DSS 诱导的结肠炎。在大肠免疫细胞和上皮细胞中,嗜酸性粒细胞高度表达 P2ry14 mRNA。与接受了P2ry14缺陷型嗜酸性粒细胞的P2ry14-/-小鼠相比,移植了野生型骨髓嗜酸性粒细胞的P2ry14-/-小鼠患上了更严重的DSS诱导的结肠炎。UDP 葡萄糖延长了嗜酸性粒细胞的寿命,并通过 P2Y14 受体介导的 ERK1/2 信号激活促进了细胞中的基因转录。因此,UDP-葡萄糖/P2Y14受体轴通过加速嗜酸性粒细胞的聚集和活化而加剧了大肠炎症。
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International immunology
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