Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428127
Changrong Liu, A. Johnson, J. Lai
Multiphase interleaving technology allows significant reduction on current ripple and filter size, and thus is well received in power electronics industry. Conventional interleaved control signals are generated by multiple RC timing circuits, which are synchronized externally to obtain phase shift between two adjacent phases. Because of the variation of RC component values, the unbalance between phases is unavoidable. In this paper, the use of digital FIFO circuit as a phase-shifter is proposed. It inherently benefits from the advantage of digital circuit accuracy and stability, and saves a lot of efforts on synchronizing multiple timing signal sources. The principle of such phase-shifter is explained, and the method of applying FIFO phase-shifter for converter interleaved control is depicted. A design example is shown for a 3-phase 6-leg converter control. The hardware test and experimental results verify the effectiveness of such digital FIFO circuit in the power converter controller design.
{"title":"A novel phase-shifting circuit using digital first-in-first-out (FIFO) for multiphase power converter interleaved control","authors":"Changrong Liu, A. Johnson, J. Lai","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428127","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase interleaving technology allows significant reduction on current ripple and filter size, and thus is well received in power electronics industry. Conventional interleaved control signals are generated by multiple RC timing circuits, which are synchronized externally to obtain phase shift between two adjacent phases. Because of the variation of RC component values, the unbalance between phases is unavoidable. In this paper, the use of digital FIFO circuit as a phase-shifter is proposed. It inherently benefits from the advantage of digital circuit accuracy and stability, and saves a lot of efforts on synchronizing multiple timing signal sources. The principle of such phase-shifter is explained, and the method of applying FIFO phase-shifter for converter interleaved control is depicted. A design example is shown for a 3-phase 6-leg converter control. The hardware test and experimental results verify the effectiveness of such digital FIFO circuit in the power converter controller design.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114309043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428159
M. Cirstea
This paper is concerned with the research carried out in the area of holistic modelling of power electronic systems. The method is based on the behavioural features of hardware description languages. Three examples of using VHDL for power electronic system modelling, simulation, controller design and implementation are given. The controllers, based on neural networks, fuzzy logic and vector control, are implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). There are major advantages of the new approach, like: a unique modelling and evaluation environment for complete power electronic systems, the same platform is used for FPGA rapid prototyping of the digital controller, a CAD platform independent model, fast development of a reusable model/design. This approach is validated experimentally.
{"title":"Power electronic systems modelling & controller rapid prototyping - an efficient method using VHDL","authors":"M. Cirstea","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428159","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the research carried out in the area of holistic modelling of power electronic systems. The method is based on the behavioural features of hardware description languages. Three examples of using VHDL for power electronic system modelling, simulation, controller design and implementation are given. The controllers, based on neural networks, fuzzy logic and vector control, are implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). There are major advantages of the new approach, like: a unique modelling and evaluation environment for complete power electronic systems, the same platform is used for FPGA rapid prototyping of the digital controller, a CAD platform independent model, fast development of a reusable model/design. This approach is validated experimentally.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123188881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428136
P. Krein, B.M. Nee, J.R. Wells
Harmonic elimination methods create discrete-valued switching control waveforms with explicit harmonic content. A major drawback is that these methods do not allow dynamic adjustment as frequencies and amplitudes change continuously. Harmonic elimination is constructed in a general manner here, leading to infinite numbers of solutions. A modified carrier approach that closely approximates the performance of harmonic elimination is introduced. The modified approach can produce even lower weighted total harmonic distortion than conventional harmonic elimination, and supports dynamic PWM with low harmonics.
{"title":"Harmonic elimination switching through modulation","authors":"P. Krein, B.M. Nee, J.R. Wells","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428136","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic elimination methods create discrete-valued switching control waveforms with explicit harmonic content. A major drawback is that these methods do not allow dynamic adjustment as frequencies and amplitudes change continuously. Harmonic elimination is constructed in a general manner here, leading to infinite numbers of solutions. A modified carrier approach that closely approximates the performance of harmonic elimination is introduced. The modified approach can produce even lower weighted total harmonic distortion than conventional harmonic elimination, and supports dynamic PWM with low harmonics.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126137649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428121
R. Marczak, V. L. Gongora, A.A. Pereira, Carlos Dias Maciel, A.A. Shinoda, L. Barbosa
This paper introduces the design of a PWM power inverter as a source of sinusoidal current with a new closed loop current control. The control of the PWM applies the concept of instantaneous next step compensation in order to keep the average current constant through the main power. This method consists in collecting a sample of the line current and based on it, to estimate the upper and lower limits which are compared with the inverter's output current, in order to keep constant the frequency and the average current supplied by the inverter. The presented current power inverter is fully digitally controlled, using FPGA and VHDL technology. The method presents advantages to operate in high constant switching frequencies, improving the energy quality, and can be also powered by renewed unregulated energy sources, generating as result stable energy without pollution.
{"title":"Novel current inverter fully digitally controlled using SLCMC","authors":"R. Marczak, V. L. Gongora, A.A. Pereira, Carlos Dias Maciel, A.A. Shinoda, L. Barbosa","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428121","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the design of a PWM power inverter as a source of sinusoidal current with a new closed loop current control. The control of the PWM applies the concept of instantaneous next step compensation in order to keep the average current constant through the main power. This method consists in collecting a sample of the line current and based on it, to estimate the upper and lower limits which are compared with the inverter's output current, in order to keep constant the frequency and the average current supplied by the inverter. The presented current power inverter is fully digitally controlled, using FPGA and VHDL technology. The method presents advantages to operate in high constant switching frequencies, improving the energy quality, and can be also powered by renewed unregulated energy sources, generating as result stable energy without pollution.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122361081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428141
G. Papafotiou, Tobias Geyer, Manfred Morari
This paper presents a new solution approach to the optimal control problem of fixed frequency switch-mode dc-dc converters using hybrid systems methodologies. In particular, the notion of the N-step model is introduced to capture the hybrid nature of these systems, and an optimal control problem is formulated, which allows one to easily incorporate in the controller design safety constraints such as current limiting. The optimal control problem is solved offline resulting in the explicit state-feedback controller that can be stored in a look-up table and used for the practical implementation of the control scheme. Simulation results are provided that demonstrate the prospect of this approach.
{"title":"Hybrid modelling and optimal control of switch-mode dc-dc converters","authors":"G. Papafotiou, Tobias Geyer, Manfred Morari","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428141","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new solution approach to the optimal control problem of fixed frequency switch-mode dc-dc converters using hybrid systems methodologies. In particular, the notion of the N-step model is introduced to capture the hybrid nature of these systems, and an optimal control problem is formulated, which allows one to easily incorporate in the controller design safety constraints such as current limiting. The optimal control problem is solved offline resulting in the explicit state-feedback controller that can be stored in a look-up table and used for the practical implementation of the control scheme. Simulation results are provided that demonstrate the prospect of this approach.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"16 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114024236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428131
P. Krein
Active power factor correction provides near unity power factor, at the expense of large filters to handle double-frequency power. When active correction is not used and converter regulation is the main control objective instead, poor power factor results. It is shown that a tradeoff between power factor and filter size can be supported. Through computer analysis, it is found that there is a specific supply current waveform that should be used to achieve a given power factor target with minimum filter size. For reasonable power factors (such as 70% to 100%), the current waveforms meet requirements in IEC 61000-3-2 over a wide range of supply power level. The results point the way to reduced cost power supplies.
{"title":"Current quality and performance tradeoffs under active power factor correction","authors":"P. Krein","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428131","url":null,"abstract":"Active power factor correction provides near unity power factor, at the expense of large filters to handle double-frequency power. When active correction is not used and converter regulation is the main control objective instead, poor power factor results. It is shown that a tradeoff between power factor and filter size can be supported. Through computer analysis, it is found that there is a specific supply current waveform that should be used to achieve a given power factor target with minimum filter size. For reasonable power factors (such as 70% to 100%), the current waveforms meet requirements in IEC 61000-3-2 over a wide range of supply power level. The results point the way to reduced cost power supplies.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128362720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428150
Hongsheng Jiang, Qiang Li
Based on the least-squares principle, a fundamental detection algorithm is proposed. The presented algorithm is capable of not only extracting the fundamental component from the voltage or current signal containing harmonics, but also tracking the fundamental frequency and phase, which can supply the synchronizing reference signal for the system. The theoretical analysis and the practical implementation of this method have been discussed in detail. Its high filtering performance and fast dynamic response have been verified by the simulation and experiment. In this paper, a laboratory prototype of the current-source active filter is built, which employs the proposed technique to generate the current reference signal for harmonic compensation, and the voltage synchronizing reference signal for DC side active power control.
{"title":"A novel fundamental wave detection method and its application in the active power filter","authors":"Hongsheng Jiang, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428150","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the least-squares principle, a fundamental detection algorithm is proposed. The presented algorithm is capable of not only extracting the fundamental component from the voltage or current signal containing harmonics, but also tracking the fundamental frequency and phase, which can supply the synchronizing reference signal for the system. The theoretical analysis and the practical implementation of this method have been discussed in detail. Its high filtering performance and fast dynamic response have been verified by the simulation and experiment. In this paper, a laboratory prototype of the current-source active filter is built, which employs the proposed technique to generate the current reference signal for harmonic compensation, and the voltage synchronizing reference signal for DC side active power control.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"76 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129772325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428116
A. Kashyap, P.L. Ramavarapu, S. Lal, T. McNutt, A. Lostetter, T. Funaki, H. Mantooth
The electrical characterization and model development for silicon carbide (SiC) vertical channel SIT and JFET structures are presented in this work. A compact model is developed based on the device geometry and SiC material properties. The model is validated against measured data at 25/spl deg/C and 100/spl deg/C for a prototype 0.03 cm/sup 2/ SiC SIT provided by Northrop Grumman. Validation is also done against the power JFET present in the combined MOSFET-SiC JFET cascode structure from SiCED. The model's on-state and transient characteristics are validated over this temperature range. Validation of the model shows excellent agreement with measured data. The physics-based approach implemented in this model is crucial to describing the transient behavior over a wide range of application conditions and temperature ranges.
本文介绍了碳化硅(SiC)垂直沟道SIT和JFET结构的电学特性和模型开发。基于器件的几何形状和SiC材料的特性，建立了一个紧凑的模型。该模型针对诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司提供的0.03 cm/sup 2/ SiC SIT原型机在25/spl°C和100/spl°C下的测量数据进行了验证。还针对来自SiCED的组合MOSFET-SiC JFET级联结构中存在的功率JFET进行了验证。在此温度范围内验证了模型的导态和瞬态特性。模型的验证与实测数据吻合良好。在该模型中实现的基于物理的方法对于描述在广泛的应用条件和温度范围内的瞬态行为至关重要。
{"title":"Compact circuit simulation model of silicon carbide static induction and junction field effect transistors","authors":"A. Kashyap, P.L. Ramavarapu, S. Lal, T. McNutt, A. Lostetter, T. Funaki, H. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428116","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical characterization and model development for silicon carbide (SiC) vertical channel SIT and JFET structures are presented in this work. A compact model is developed based on the device geometry and SiC material properties. The model is validated against measured data at 25/spl deg/C and 100/spl deg/C for a prototype 0.03 cm/sup 2/ SiC SIT provided by Northrop Grumman. Validation is also done against the power JFET present in the combined MOSFET-SiC JFET cascode structure from SiCED. The model's on-state and transient characteristics are validated over this temperature range. Validation of the model shows excellent agreement with measured data. The physics-based approach implemented in this model is crucial to describing the transient behavior over a wide range of application conditions and temperature ranges.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127011327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428123
R. Cox, S. Leeb, L. Norford
This paper describes an ozone-based tracer gas system that can be used to create models of indoor air flow. Ozone is generated via corona discharge using a parallel resonant DC-DC converter, and ozone concentration is monitored using a novel low-noise amplifier. Power-line carrier modems are used to coordinate the generation and detection of ozone. Intelligent digital control strategies for the generator are developed using the requirements of several different air flow tests.
{"title":"A minimally intrusive, low cost system for determining indoor air flow patterns","authors":"R. Cox, S. Leeb, L. Norford","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an ozone-based tracer gas system that can be used to create models of indoor air flow. Ozone is generated via corona discharge using a parallel resonant DC-DC converter, and ozone concentration is monitored using a novel low-noise amplifier. Power-line carrier modems are used to coordinate the generation and detection of ozone. Intelligent digital control strategies for the generator are developed using the requirements of several different air flow tests.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126855286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-15DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428152
P. Norman, G. Dudgeon, J. Mcdonald
In recent years, power electronics have become a key enabling technology within electrical distribution networks, supporting the use of many other novel technologies. They also have a considerable impact though, on the configuration and operation of the electrical networks. Accurate simulations are hence required to aid the development and understanding of these networks. However, simulations using switched power electronics models can be very time consuming, and most power electronics modeling simplification techniques fail to give accurate results for specific systems-level studies. New model simplification methods must be developed in order to facilitate accurate and time efficient systems level simulations.
{"title":"Assessment and recommendations for the modeling of faults and interactions within power electronics based power systems","authors":"P. Norman, G. Dudgeon, J. Mcdonald","doi":"10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2004.1428152","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, power electronics have become a key enabling technology within electrical distribution networks, supporting the use of many other novel technologies. They also have a considerable impact though, on the configuration and operation of the electrical networks. Accurate simulations are hence required to aid the development and understanding of these networks. However, simulations using switched power electronics models can be very time consuming, and most power electronics modeling simplification techniques fail to give accurate results for specific systems-level studies. New model simplification methods must be developed in order to facilitate accurate and time efficient systems level simulations.","PeriodicalId":137483,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings.","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121476695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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