Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s44189-022-00006-4
Tee Lin, O. Zargar, Ming Hu, Chung-Chun Wang, Shih-cheng Hu, G. Leggett
{"title":"The impact of oxygen supply flow rates on the distribution of aerosols between the patient and the surgeon during lung intubation","authors":"Tee Lin, O. Zargar, Ming Hu, Chung-Chun Wang, Shih-cheng Hu, G. Leggett","doi":"10.1007/s44189-022-00006-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44189-022-00006-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81951052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1007/s44189-022-00004-6
Wan Muhammad Zaid Wan Zaidi, Yushazaziah Mohd-Yunos, N. Mohd-Ghazali, A. Pamitran, Jong-Taek Oh
{"title":"An optimization approach in the development of a new correlation for two-phase heat transfer coefficient of R744 in a microchannel","authors":"Wan Muhammad Zaid Wan Zaidi, Yushazaziah Mohd-Yunos, N. Mohd-Ghazali, A. Pamitran, Jong-Taek Oh","doi":"10.1007/s44189-022-00004-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44189-022-00004-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77196667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1007/s44189-022-00003-7
Hasan Falih, A. Hamed, A. N. Khalifa
{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of a hybrid connected PV solar system","authors":"Hasan Falih, A. Hamed, A. N. Khalifa","doi":"10.1007/s44189-022-00003-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44189-022-00003-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87045374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1007/s44189-022-00002-8
Zahra Bouramdane, A. Bah, Mohammed Alaoui, N. Martaj
{"title":"Numerical analysis of thermoacoustically driven thermoacoustic refrigerator with a stack of parallel plates having corrugated surfaces","authors":"Zahra Bouramdane, A. Bah, Mohammed Alaoui, N. Martaj","doi":"10.1007/s44189-022-00002-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44189-022-00002-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74224793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1007/s44189-022-00001-9
Oliver Brownbridge, M. Sully, Joshua Noons, Ibrahim M. Albayati
{"title":"Investigating the impact of indoor temperature on the performance of the retail commercial refrigeration system","authors":"Oliver Brownbridge, M. Sully, Joshua Noons, Ibrahim M. Albayati","doi":"10.1007/s44189-022-00001-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44189-022-00001-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74001779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.1142/s2010132521500371
Abdolazim Zarei, M. Ameri, H. Ghazizade-Ahsaee
This paper deals with the advanced exergetic analysis of a horizontal direct-expansion ground sourced CO2 heat pump operating in a transcritical cycle. The cycle is thermodynamically modeled in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) considering the pressure drops in both high and low temperature heat exchangers, and the system is to provide a fixed heating load. Conventional exergy analysis orderly suggests a compressor, expansion valve, gas cooler and ground heat exchanger to be considered for system improvement, while tracing exergy destruction of all components in detail demonstrates true improvement potential of each and all components and the system as a whole and offers a different order. Advanced exergy analysis points out that the compressor is directly and indirectly responsible for 56% of the overall exergy destruction generated in the cycle, confirming the detrimental role of this component in the system. The second influential component is recognized to be a ground heat exchanger accounting for 20% exergy destruction of the compressor as well as submitting 89% avoidability in its own exergy destruction, and expansion valve proves to be the last option for system improvement according to this analysis.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Evaluation of a Direct Expansion Ground-Sourced Heat Pump with Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers Using Advanced Exergy Analysis","authors":"Abdolazim Zarei, M. Ameri, H. Ghazizade-Ahsaee","doi":"10.1142/s2010132521500371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010132521500371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the advanced exergetic analysis of a horizontal direct-expansion ground sourced CO2 heat pump operating in a transcritical cycle. The cycle is thermodynamically modeled in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) considering the pressure drops in both high and low temperature heat exchangers, and the system is to provide a fixed heating load. Conventional exergy analysis orderly suggests a compressor, expansion valve, gas cooler and ground heat exchanger to be considered for system improvement, while tracing exergy destruction of all components in detail demonstrates true improvement potential of each and all components and the system as a whole and offers a different order. Advanced exergy analysis points out that the compressor is directly and indirectly responsible for 56% of the overall exergy destruction generated in the cycle, confirming the detrimental role of this component in the system. The second influential component is recognized to be a ground heat exchanger accounting for 20% exergy destruction of the compressor as well as submitting 89% avoidability in its own exergy destruction, and expansion valve proves to be the last option for system improvement according to this analysis.","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86207380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1142/s2010132521500346
Serkan Erdem, C. Onan
In zones separated by doors with many entrances and exits, it is crucial in terms of energy consumption to protect the conditioned air in the indoor environment from the effects of outside air. The increase in door dimensions and opening frequency make this effect even more evident. Various methods are used to prevent leakage of outside air into the indoor environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of using air curtains on energy consumption during the cooling season in a factory building. The door width and height in this building, which has a high story height, were also large. These 26 doors must remain open all the time because of the production process. With a transient model developed on Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS) coupled with Contaminant Transport Analysis Software (CONTAM), we showed the effects of using the air curtains in different climate conditions. As a result, we demonstrated that using air curtains will provide great savings, especially in cities with high cooling requirements.
{"title":"Effects of Using Air Curtains on Energy Consumption During Cooling Season Under Different Climate Conditions","authors":"Serkan Erdem, C. Onan","doi":"10.1142/s2010132521500346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010132521500346","url":null,"abstract":"In zones separated by doors with many entrances and exits, it is crucial in terms of energy consumption to protect the conditioned air in the indoor environment from the effects of outside air. The increase in door dimensions and opening frequency make this effect even more evident. Various methods are used to prevent leakage of outside air into the indoor environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of using air curtains on energy consumption during the cooling season in a factory building. The door width and height in this building, which has a high story height, were also large. These 26 doors must remain open all the time because of the production process. With a transient model developed on Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS) coupled with Contaminant Transport Analysis Software (CONTAM), we showed the effects of using the air curtains in different climate conditions. As a result, we demonstrated that using air curtains will provide great savings, especially in cities with high cooling requirements.","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82802591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1142/s2010132521500358
K. Al‐Chlaihawi, H. Kadhim, Ahmad Hashim Yousif
In this study, the performance of ejector-expansion refrigeration cycle (EERC) with R134a alternative refrigerants (R152a, R1234yf, R404A, R407C, R507A and R600a) for automobile air-conditioning application is investigated numerically. The ejector is modeled with a constant mixing-pressure assumption taking into consideration the friction effect in the ejector mixing section. The studied refrigerants are compared based on the optimum area ratio, discharge temperature, compressor input power, volumetric cooling capacity, exergy destruction, COP, exergy efficiency and COP improvement. The results show that R152a and R1234yf have the closest performance to R134a and can be considered the most suitable alternative refrigerants for R134a. The COP and exergy efficiency are improved by 2.26% and 2.27%, respectively, using R152a compared to the use of R134a, whereas they are reduced by 2.89% and 2.88% using R1234yf. The volumetric cooling capacity is reduced for both R152a and R1234yf by 6.14% and 6.8%, respectively. In addition, the effect of compressor rotational speed on the performances is reported.
{"title":"A Comparative Performance Study of an Ejector-Expansion Refrigeration Cycle Using R134a and its Alternatives: Application of Automobile Air Conditioning","authors":"K. Al‐Chlaihawi, H. Kadhim, Ahmad Hashim Yousif","doi":"10.1142/s2010132521500358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010132521500358","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the performance of ejector-expansion refrigeration cycle (EERC) with R134a alternative refrigerants (R152a, R1234yf, R404A, R407C, R507A and R600a) for automobile air-conditioning application is investigated numerically. The ejector is modeled with a constant mixing-pressure assumption taking into consideration the friction effect in the ejector mixing section. The studied refrigerants are compared based on the optimum area ratio, discharge temperature, compressor input power, volumetric cooling capacity, exergy destruction, COP, exergy efficiency and COP improvement. The results show that R152a and R1234yf have the closest performance to R134a and can be considered the most suitable alternative refrigerants for R134a. The COP and exergy efficiency are improved by 2.26% and 2.27%, respectively, using R152a compared to the use of R134a, whereas they are reduced by 2.89% and 2.88% using R1234yf. The volumetric cooling capacity is reduced for both R152a and R1234yf by 6.14% and 6.8%, respectively. In addition, the effect of compressor rotational speed on the performances is reported.","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89260832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1142/s201013252150036x
M. Medany, M. El Morsi, A. R. El-Sayed
In this work, R1234yf is tested in an air-conditioning system as a proposed alternative to R134a. The system is tested at 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50[Formula: see text]Hz evaporator fan frequency to cool the air entering into the evaporator section at a fixed temperature of 35∘C. The system is charged with 600, 700, 800, 1000 and 1200[Formula: see text]g of each refrigerant. The charge mass of 800 grams gives the best performance for both refrigerants. Also, R1234yf has higher COP, exergetic efficiency, second law efficiency, and lower compressor power consumption. Both refrigerants operate at a moderate range of compressor discharge temperature of 85∘C.
{"title":"Experimental Performance Analysis of R1234yf in an Air-Conditioning System as Substitute of R134a","authors":"M. Medany, M. El Morsi, A. R. El-Sayed","doi":"10.1142/s201013252150036x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s201013252150036x","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, R1234yf is tested in an air-conditioning system as a proposed alternative to R134a. The system is tested at 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50[Formula: see text]Hz evaporator fan frequency to cool the air entering into the evaporator section at a fixed temperature of 35∘C. The system is charged with 600, 700, 800, 1000 and 1200[Formula: see text]g of each refrigerant. The charge mass of 800 grams gives the best performance for both refrigerants. Also, R1234yf has higher COP, exergetic efficiency, second law efficiency, and lower compressor power consumption. Both refrigerants operate at a moderate range of compressor discharge temperature of 85∘C.","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"76 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77620963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1142/s2010132521500334
C. O. Yadav, P. Ramana
A Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler (MPTC) is the first selection for the cooling of IR sensors, infrared detectors, etc. in space technology. The regenerator is one of the key components to operate an MPTC at high efficiency. The objective of this study is to explore the possibilities of the different matrices as regenerator filler materials for MPTC operating at ultra-high frequencies. REGEN 3.3 is one of the best software available for the design and optimization of cryocooler regenerators. We have used REGEN 3.3 for numerical simulations of the three different regenerator matrix materials viz. stainless steel wire mesh screen (SS 635#), brass wire mesh screen (500#) and copper wire mesh screen (500#) at the hot end and cold end temperatures of 300[Formula: see text]K and 80[Formula: see text]K for COP, cooling power, total power losses and pressure losses, at an ultra-high frequency of 100[Formula: see text]Hz and 200[Formula: see text]Hz. The simulation results depict that the regenerator using stainless steel mesh screen shows better results than that of the brass mesh screen and copper mesh screen at 100[Formula: see text]Hz. However, the performance of brass mesh screen and copper mesh screen performs better than the stainless steel at 200[Formula: see text]Hz. Therefore, the proposed matrix materials can be used as regenerator materials for the MPTC at ultra-high frequencies with better performances.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Performance of Regenerator for Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler with Metal Matrix Materials at Ultra High Frequencies","authors":"C. O. Yadav, P. Ramana","doi":"10.1142/s2010132521500334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010132521500334","url":null,"abstract":"A Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler (MPTC) is the first selection for the cooling of IR sensors, infrared detectors, etc. in space technology. The regenerator is one of the key components to operate an MPTC at high efficiency. The objective of this study is to explore the possibilities of the different matrices as regenerator filler materials for MPTC operating at ultra-high frequencies. REGEN 3.3 is one of the best software available for the design and optimization of cryocooler regenerators. We have used REGEN 3.3 for numerical simulations of the three different regenerator matrix materials viz. stainless steel wire mesh screen (SS 635#), brass wire mesh screen (500#) and copper wire mesh screen (500#) at the hot end and cold end temperatures of 300[Formula: see text]K and 80[Formula: see text]K for COP, cooling power, total power losses and pressure losses, at an ultra-high frequency of 100[Formula: see text]Hz and 200[Formula: see text]Hz. The simulation results depict that the regenerator using stainless steel mesh screen shows better results than that of the brass mesh screen and copper mesh screen at 100[Formula: see text]Hz. However, the performance of brass mesh screen and copper mesh screen performs better than the stainless steel at 200[Formula: see text]Hz. Therefore, the proposed matrix materials can be used as regenerator materials for the MPTC at ultra-high frequencies with better performances.","PeriodicalId":13757,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86544189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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