Chenyang Lei, Li Cao, Juan Jiang, Jipin Hu, Gaoyun Xiong, Shanguang Lv
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been identified as a potential indicator closely related to cognitive decline (CD). This review explores the complex connection between olfactory and cognitive function, with a focus on the nose–brain axis. We summarize recent evidence linking OD of various etiologies to CD and discuss how this relationship depends on the specific disease. The review also addresses neuroanatomical changes in OD and CD and potential mechanisms underpinning the OD–CD relationship, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and microbiota–gut/nose–brain communication. Despite progress in elucidating these pathological mechanisms, challenges persist in applying these findings to effective clinical applications. Additionally, this review assesses new therapeutic interventions, particularly olfactory training (OT), which demonstrates potential in improving both olfactory and cognitive functions. By synthesizing this evidence, this article seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the bidirectional relationships between olfaction and cognition and advance diagnostic and rehabilitative strategies for patients with OD and CD.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Impacts, Mechanisms, and Potential Interventions","authors":"Chenyang Lei, Li Cao, Juan Jiang, Jipin Hu, Gaoyun Xiong, Shanguang Lv","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/5582661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/5582661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been identified as a potential indicator closely related to cognitive decline (CD). This review explores the complex connection between olfactory and cognitive function, with a focus on the nose–brain axis. We summarize recent evidence linking OD of various etiologies to CD and discuss how this relationship depends on the specific disease. The review also addresses neuroanatomical changes in OD and CD and potential mechanisms underpinning the OD–CD relationship, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and microbiota–gut/nose–brain communication. Despite progress in elucidating these pathological mechanisms, challenges persist in applying these findings to effective clinical applications. Additionally, this review assesses new therapeutic interventions, particularly olfactory training (OT), which demonstrates potential in improving both olfactory and cognitive functions. By synthesizing this evidence, this article seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the bidirectional relationships between olfaction and cognition and advance diagnostic and rehabilitative strategies for patients with OD and CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/5582661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of adding tirofiban or argatroban after early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with branch atheromatous disease (BAD) receiving dual antiplatelet therapy and compared the outcomes with those of patients who continued dual antiplatelet therapy alone.
Methods
This retrospective study focused on 135 consecutive patients with BAD and END between June 2019 and June 2021. The primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of ≤ 2 at 90 days after stroke and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on Day 7 after END. Safety outcomes included other bleeding and mortality events.
Results
A total of 65, 33, and 37 patients were included in the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), argatroban, and tirofiban groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the clinical outcome (mRS 0–2) among the three groups (p = 0.001). Post hoc test analysis showed that the proportion of good outcomes in the tirofiban group was significantly higher than that in the argatroban and DAPT groups (p = 0.011, < 0.001, Bonferroni corrected). The NIHSS score of the tirofiban group (3.32 ± 1.81) on Day 7 was significantly lower than that of the argatroban (6.24 ± 3.18) and DAPT (5.62 ± 3.25) groups (p < 0.01). No severe bleeding and mortality events were observed in any of the three groups.
Conclusion
Following END in patients with BAD receiving DAPT, adding tirofiban to the existing treatment results in a higher proportion of favorable clinical outcomes (mRS 0–2) and a lower 7-day NIHSS score. It also demonstrates good safety while improving prognosis.
{"title":"Anticoagulant or Antithrombotic Therapy After Early Neurological Deterioration in Patients With Branch Atheromatous Disease Receiving Dual Antiplatelet Therapy","authors":"Xuemin Zhong, Juan Yang, Ronghua Xu, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/8636214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/8636214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of adding tirofiban or argatroban after early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with branch atheromatous disease (BAD) receiving dual antiplatelet therapy and compared the outcomes with those of patients who continued dual antiplatelet therapy alone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study focused on 135 consecutive patients with BAD and END between June 2019 and June 2021. The primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of ≤ 2 at 90 days after stroke and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on Day 7 after END. Safety outcomes included other bleeding and mortality events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 65, 33, and 37 patients were included in the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), argatroban, and tirofiban groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the clinical outcome (mRS 0–2) among the three groups (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Post hoc test analysis showed that the proportion of good outcomes in the tirofiban group was significantly higher than that in the argatroban and DAPT groups (<i>p</i> = 0.011, < 0.001, Bonferroni corrected). The NIHSS score of the tirofiban group (3.32 ± 1.81) on Day 7 was significantly lower than that of the argatroban (6.24 ± 3.18) and DAPT (5.62 ± 3.25) groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). No severe bleeding and mortality events were observed in any of the three groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following END in patients with BAD receiving DAPT, adding tirofiban to the existing treatment results in a higher proportion of favorable clinical outcomes (mRS 0–2) and a lower 7-day NIHSS score. It also demonstrates good safety while improving prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/8636214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of T-cell lymphomas that begin with skin manifestations. In advanced mycosis fungoides (MF), as MF reached advanced stages, the lesions disseminated beyond the skin, involving lymph nodes and blood, which further worsened the prognosis. As no reliable malignancy markers were identified, diagnostic challenges occurred and influenced prognosis. CTCL was usually indolent; however, it progressed quickly in some patients and exhibited variable therapeutic responses.
Methods
This study used GEO scRNA-seq data to analyze CTCL heterogeneity. Differential expression and enrichment analyses clarified immune and drug pathways. Monocle and CytoTRACE mapped cell trajectories, while CellChat and pySCENIC revealed intercellular communication and transcriptional regulation.
Results
CTCL heterogeneity was uncovered by scRNA-seq, which identified malignant subtypes driving progression. Pathway analysis connected oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and pyruvate metabolism with cellular stability, while EPCs engaged TME communication via MIF signaling to advance disease.
Conclusion
We examined the role of C3 STMN1+ EPCs in CTCL and discovered that this EPC subtype facilitates tumor progression, immune evasion, and angiogenesis. The C3 subtype’s heightened malignancy and specific cell cycle traits are tied to DNA replication and genomic stability. Single-cell sequencing reveals CTCL heterogeneity and underscores the potential for personalized treatment strategies. Although our study has a limited sample size, it identifies C3 STMN1+ EPCs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CTCL, necessitating further research for broader clinical validation and offering new prospects for CTCL treatment.
{"title":"Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Potential of Programmed Cell Death Pathways in STMN1+ EPCs in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma","authors":"Huan Yao, Yiyi Liu, Chengcheng Song, Mengnan Fan, Cuicui Wang, Yuwei Sun","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/4527545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/4527545","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of T-cell lymphomas that begin with skin manifestations. In advanced mycosis fungoides (MF), as MF reached advanced stages, the lesions disseminated beyond the skin, involving lymph nodes and blood, which further worsened the prognosis. As no reliable malignancy markers were identified, diagnostic challenges occurred and influenced prognosis. CTCL was usually indolent; however, it progressed quickly in some patients and exhibited variable therapeutic responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used GEO scRNA-seq data to analyze CTCL heterogeneity. Differential expression and enrichment analyses clarified immune and drug pathways. Monocle and CytoTRACE mapped cell trajectories, while CellChat and pySCENIC revealed intercellular communication and transcriptional regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CTCL heterogeneity was uncovered by scRNA-seq, which identified malignant subtypes driving progression. Pathway analysis connected oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and pyruvate metabolism with cellular stability, while EPCs engaged TME communication via MIF signaling to advance disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the role of C3 <i>STMN1+</i> EPCs in CTCL and discovered that this EPC subtype facilitates tumor progression, immune evasion, and angiogenesis. The C3 subtype’s heightened malignancy and specific cell cycle traits are tied to DNA replication and genomic stability. Single-cell sequencing reveals CTCL heterogeneity and underscores the potential for personalized treatment strategies. Although our study has a limited sample size, it identifies C3 <i>STMN1+</i> EPCs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CTCL, necessitating further research for broader clinical validation and offering new prospects for CTCL treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/4527545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Betul Cigdem Yortanli, Muhammet Cemal Kizilarslanoglu, Betul Kozanhan, Ibrahim Solak, Fatma Kacar, Dilek Ates, Mehmet Mermer, Korhan Kollu
Purpose
To investigate the predictive ability of the SARC-F score, FRAIL scale, and G8 questionnaire on adverse clinical outcomes in older inpatients with COVID-19.
Methods
A total of 141 patients (50.4% male) were included in this prospective cohort study and assessed by the SARC-F score (for sarcopenia risk), FRAIL scale (for frailty status), and G8 questionnaire (for vulnerability risk) on the first day of hospitalization. The outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (NICUA), and mortality, were recorded.
Results
Median age was 71 years (median LOS, 9 days; NICUA, 15.6%; and in-hospital mortality, 2.8%). The patients’ frailty, sarcopenia risk, and vulnerability rates were 43.3%, 37.6%, and 52.5%, respectively. Crude regression models showed that sarcopenia risk (odds ratio (OR): 10.800; p < 0.001), frailty (OR: 4.385; p = 0.002), and vulnerability (OR: 12.037; p < 0.001) might be related factors for the NICUA. All scales showed good predictive performance in ROC curve analyses. For predicting the need for intensive care unit admission, the AUC values were 0.696 for the FRAIL scale, 0.769 for the SARC–F-score, and 0.785 for the G8 questionnaire. For in-hospital mortality, the corresponding AUC values were 0.792, 0.799, and 0.822, respectively (all p < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study suggests that the mentioned assessment tools might predict worse clinical outcomes among the study population.
目的探讨SARC-F评分、体弱量表和G8问卷对老年住院患者COVID-19不良临床结局的预测能力。方法本前瞻性队列研究共纳入141例患者（男性50.4%），于入院第一天采用SARC-F评分（肌少症风险）、虚弱量表（虚弱状态）和G8问卷（脆弱性风险）进行评估。结果包括住院时间（LOS）、重症监护病房（ICU）入院需求（NICUA）和死亡率。结果中位年龄为71岁（中位LOS为9天；NICUA为15.6%；住院死亡率为2.8%）。患者的脆性、肌肉减少风险和易损率分别为43.3%、37.6%和52.5%。粗回归模型显示，骨骼肌减少症风险(比值比（OR）： 10.800；p < 0.001)、虚弱（OR: 4.385; p = 0.002）和脆弱（OR: 12.037; p < 0.001）可能是NICUA的相关因素。各量表在ROC曲线分析中均表现出较好的预测效果。对于预测重症监护病房入住需求，虚弱量表的AUC值为0.696，sarc - f评分为0.769，G8问卷的AUC值为0.785。对于住院死亡率，相应的AUC值分别为0.792、0.799和0.822 （p < 0.001）。结论本研究提示上述评估工具可能在研究人群中预测较差的临床结果。
{"title":"Predicting Adverse Outcomes via Simple Assessment Tools Among Older Inpatients With Nonsevere COVID-19: The SARC-F Score, FRAIL Scale, and G8 Questionnaire","authors":"Betul Cigdem Yortanli, Muhammet Cemal Kizilarslanoglu, Betul Kozanhan, Ibrahim Solak, Fatma Kacar, Dilek Ates, Mehmet Mermer, Korhan Kollu","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/8845077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/8845077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the predictive ability of the SARC-F score, FRAIL scale, and G8 questionnaire on adverse clinical outcomes in older inpatients with COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 141 patients (50.4% male) were included in this prospective cohort study and assessed by the SARC-F score (for sarcopenia risk), FRAIL scale (for frailty status), and G8 questionnaire (for vulnerability risk) on the first day of hospitalization. The outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (NICUA), and mortality, were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median age was 71 years (median LOS, 9 days; NICUA, 15.6%; and in-hospital mortality, 2.8%). The patients’ frailty, sarcopenia risk, and vulnerability rates were 43.3%, 37.6%, and 52.5%, respectively. Crude regression models showed that sarcopenia risk (odds ratio (OR): 10.800; <i>p</i> < 0.001), frailty (OR: 4.385; <i>p</i> = 0.002), and vulnerability (OR: 12.037; <i>p</i> < 0.001) might be related factors for the NICUA. All scales showed good predictive performance in ROC curve analyses. For predicting the need for intensive care unit admission, the AUC values were 0.696 for the FRAIL scale, 0.769 for the SARC–F-score, and 0.785 for the G8 questionnaire. For in-hospital mortality, the corresponding AUC values were 0.792, 0.799, and 0.822, respectively (all <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that the mentioned assessment tools might predict worse clinical outcomes among the study population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/8845077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies suggest that there might be a relationship between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to obtain causal estimates between them and measure the mediating impact of established modifiable risk factors.
Methods
In this study, we employed the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the potential link between LRTIs and CRC susceptibility. The main results were assessed through the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated using Cochrane’s Q test and MR-Egger analysis. Moreover, to investigate potential mediating mechanisms, we conducted a two-step MR analysis evaluating whether 731 immune phenotypes could serve as mediators in this pathway.
Results
IVW revealed a positive causal impact of LRTIs on CRC (odds ratio [ORs] = 1.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.203, and p = 0.045). In the two-step MR analysis, we observed suggestively significant causal relationships between LRTIs and 38 immune phenotypes. Among the 38 immune phenotypes, IVW analysis revealed a suggestive causal effect of CD4+ T-cell side scatter area (SSC-A) on CRC risk. Mediation analysis estimated that SSC-A on CD4+ T cells accounted for 10.335% (95% CI: 9.104%–11.566%) of the total effect of LRTIs on CRC.
Conclusion
As an exploratory study, this MR analysis suggests a potential link between LRTIs and CRC, which may partially mediate through the SSC-A profile of CD4+ T cells.
{"title":"The Causal Relationship Between Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Colorectal Cancer: A Two-Sample and Network Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Yi Zhang, Bingyuan Fei, Xuedong Fang, Suyan Tian","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/2889885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/2889885","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent studies suggest that there might be a relationship between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to obtain causal estimates between them and measure the mediating impact of established modifiable risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we employed the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the potential link between LRTIs and CRC susceptibility. The main results were assessed through the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated using Cochrane’s <i>Q</i> test and MR-Egger analysis. Moreover, to investigate potential mediating mechanisms, we conducted a two-step MR analysis evaluating whether 731 immune phenotypes could serve as mediators in this pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IVW revealed a positive causal impact of LRTIs on CRC (odds ratio [ORs] = 1.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.203, and <i>p</i> = 0.045). In the two-step MR analysis, we observed suggestively significant causal relationships between LRTIs and 38 immune phenotypes. Among the 38 immune phenotypes, IVW analysis revealed a suggestive causal effect of CD4+ T-cell side scatter area (SSC-A) on CRC risk. Mediation analysis estimated that SSC-A on CD4+ T cells accounted for 10.335% (95% CI: 9.104%–11.566%) of the total effect of LRTIs on CRC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As an exploratory study, this MR analysis suggests a potential link between LRTIs and CRC, which may partially mediate through the SSC-A profile of CD4+ T cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/2889885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maher Khdour, Anan S. Jarab, Walid Al-Qerem, Adam Khdour, Yara Hilqawi, Tahani Rabaiah, Yousef Mimi
Background
Telepharmacy, a branch of telemedicine, enables remote pharmaceutical services such as medication counseling and drug monitoring. However, the readiness of pharmacists to adopt telepharmacy remains uncertain, particularly in regions like Palestine where no prior studies have explored this topic.
Aims
This study evaluated Palestinian pharmacists’ perceptions, barriers, and willingness to implement telepharmacy.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine, using the convenience sampling method. A validated online questionnaire assessed pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward telepharmacy, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.75 to 0.81, indicating good reliability. The tool demonstrated strong reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha scores of 0.81 (willingness), 0.77 (attitudes), and 0.75 (barriers). Convenience sampling was employed to recruit participants from northern, central, and southern regions, ensuring geographic representation. The questionnaire comprised four sections: demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers.
Results
Among participants, only 36.5% were aware of telepharmacy and 39.7% had poor knowledge, but 57.8% showed high willingness to implement telepharmacy, particularly for patient counseling (82.5%) and provider communication (83.2%). The most frequently used communication tool was WhatsApp (79%), followed by phone calls (68%). Major barriers included low health literacy (78.9%), poor internet access (74.5%), and high operational costs (74.4%). Key barriers included limited health literacy (78.9%), unreliable internet access (74.5%), and high costs (74.4%). Regression analysis revealed that higher education (OR = 2.1; p < 0.001) and female gender (OR = 1.68; p < 0.001) were associated with greater willingness.
Conclusion
While Palestinian pharmacists are receptive to telepharmacy, significant barriers hinder adoption. Addressing these challenges requires targeted training, infrastructure investment, and policy support. This study fills a critical gap in the literature, as no prior research has examined telepharmacy readiness in Palestine.
远程药房是远程医疗的一个分支，可以实现药物咨询和药物监测等远程药学服务。然而，药剂师是否愿意采用远程药房仍然不确定，特别是在像巴勒斯坦这样的地区，以前没有研究探讨过这个话题。目的本研究评估巴勒斯坦药师实施远程药房的认知、障碍和意愿。方法采用方便抽样法，对巴勒斯坦西岸地区375名药师进行横断面调查。一份有效的在线问卷评估了药剂师对远程药房的知识、态度和障碍，Cronbach的alpha值在0.75到0.81之间，表明信度良好。该工具显示出很强的可靠性，Cronbach的alpha分数为0.81（意愿），0.77（态度）和0.75（障碍）。采用便利抽样，从北部、中部和南部地区招募参与者，确保地理代表性。问卷包括四个部分：人口统计、知识、态度和障碍。结果受访人员中，仅有36.5%的人对远程药房有所了解，39.7%的人对远程药房知之甚少，但57.8%的人表示愿意实施远程药房，特别是对患者咨询（82.5%）和提供者沟通（83.2%）。最常用的通讯工具是WhatsApp(79%)，其次是电话（68%）。主要障碍包括卫生知识普及程度低（78.9%）、互联网接入不良（74.5%）和运营成本高（74.4%）。主要障碍包括卫生知识普及程度有限（78.9%）、互联网接入不可靠（74.5%）和费用高（74.4%）。回归分析显示，高等教育（OR = 2.1; p < 0.001）和女性（OR = 1.68; p < 0.001）与更大的意愿相关。结论巴勒斯坦药师对远程药房的接受程度较高，但存在较大障碍。应对这些挑战需要有针对性的培训、基础设施投资和政策支持。这项研究填补了一个关键的空白，在文献中，因为没有先前的研究已经检查了远程药房准备在巴勒斯坦。
{"title":"Perception, Barriers, and Willingness to Implement Telepharmacy Among Pharmacists in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Maher Khdour, Anan S. Jarab, Walid Al-Qerem, Adam Khdour, Yara Hilqawi, Tahani Rabaiah, Yousef Mimi","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/9959675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/9959675","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Telepharmacy, a branch of telemedicine, enables remote pharmaceutical services such as medication counseling and drug monitoring. However, the readiness of pharmacists to adopt telepharmacy remains uncertain, particularly in regions like Palestine where no prior studies have explored this topic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated Palestinian pharmacists’ perceptions, barriers, and willingness to implement telepharmacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine, using the convenience sampling method. A validated online questionnaire assessed pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward telepharmacy, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.75 to 0.81, indicating good reliability. The tool demonstrated strong reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha scores of 0.81 (willingness), 0.77 (attitudes), and 0.75 (barriers). Convenience sampling was employed to recruit participants from northern, central, and southern regions, ensuring geographic representation. The questionnaire comprised four sections: demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among participants, only 36.5% were aware of telepharmacy and 39.7% had poor knowledge, but 57.8% showed high willingness to implement telepharmacy, particularly for patient counseling (82.5%) and provider communication (83.2%). The most frequently used communication tool was WhatsApp (79%), followed by phone calls (68%). Major barriers included low health literacy (78.9%), poor internet access (74.5%), and high operational costs (74.4%). Key barriers included limited health literacy (78.9%), unreliable internet access (74.5%), and high costs (74.4%). Regression analysis revealed that higher education (OR = 2.1; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and female gender (OR = 1.68; <i>p</i> < 0.001) were associated with greater willingness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While Palestinian pharmacists are receptive to telepharmacy, significant barriers hinder adoption. Addressing these challenges requires targeted training, infrastructure investment, and policy support. This study fills a critical gap in the literature, as no prior research has examined telepharmacy readiness in Palestine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/9959675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sohani Afroja, Md. Salauddin Khan, Abu Saleh Muhammad Nasim, Masudul Islam, Md. Murad Hossain
Background
Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is a national strategy to address vitamin A deficiency. Children aged 6–59 months receive vitamin A twice a year. Despite this, coverage of VAS remains a major public health challenge for children in Bangladesh, with multiple studies aiming to identify its primary risk factors. This study examines the relationship between various sociodemographic factors and identifies the significant risk factors for low VAS rates, suggesting recommendations to enhance supplementation coverage among children.
Methods
Data were derived from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022. Analysis included 6472 (male: 3316 and female: 3156) weighted children aged 12–59 months; although children aged 6–59 months are eligible to receive VAS, the analysis focused on those aged 12–59 months. This is because the survey question required caregivers to recall VAS received in the past six months, and all children in the 12–59 month age group would have been eligible for supplementation during that period. The chi-squared test was used to assess associations, followed by multilevel logistic regression models for identifying significant risk factors. The multilevel logistic regression model outperformed logistic regression in clustered data analysis.
Results
A proportion of 73.1% (4731) of children had received a vitamin A capsule in the prior six months, below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 90% target. Children in the Dhaka division were notably 1.097 times more likely not to receive VAS compared to children in other regions. Conversely, children from the wealthiest wealth quartile (AOR = 0.749, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.618–0.908) and those with mothers aged 30–49 years (AOR = 0.649, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.518–0.812) were significantly less likely to miss VAS. Furthermore, higher maternal education was associated with a reduced likelihood of a child being excluded from the VAS program.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the need for targeted awareness campaigns in vulnerable communities, particularly to educate parents about the benefits of VAS.
补充维生素A （VAS）是解决维生素A缺乏症的一项国家战略。6-59个月大的儿童每年服用两次维生素A。尽管如此，对孟加拉国儿童来说，VAS的覆盖范围仍然是一项重大的公共卫生挑战，多项研究旨在确定其主要风险因素。本研究考察了各种社会人口因素之间的关系，并确定了低VAS率的重要危险因素，提出了提高儿童补充覆盖率的建议。方法数据来源于孟加拉国人口与健康调查（BDHS） 2022。分析纳入6472名12-59月龄加权儿童（男3316名，女3156名）；虽然6-59个月的儿童有资格接受VAS，但分析的重点是12-59个月的儿童。这是因为调查问题要求护理人员回忆过去六个月接受的VAS，并且在此期间所有12-59个月年龄组的儿童都有资格补充。采用卡方检验来评估相关性，然后采用多水平逻辑回归模型来确定显著的危险因素。多层逻辑回归模型在聚类数据分析中优于逻辑回归模型。结果73.1%（4731人）的儿童在前6个月内服用了维生素A胶囊，低于世界卫生组织（WHO） 90%的目标。与其他地区的儿童相比，达卡地区的儿童不接受VAS治疗的可能性要高出1.097倍。相反，来自最富有的四分位数（AOR = 0.749, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.618-0.908）和母亲年龄在30-49岁（AOR = 0.649, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.518-0.812）的儿童错过VAS的可能性显著降低。此外，较高的母亲教育程度与儿童被排除在VAS计划之外的可能性降低有关。研究结果强调了在弱势社区开展有针对性的宣传活动的必要性，特别是教育家长关于VAS的好处。
{"title":"Coverage of Vitamin A Supplementation Among Children Aged 12–59 Months in Bangladesh: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Approach","authors":"Sohani Afroja, Md. Salauddin Khan, Abu Saleh Muhammad Nasim, Masudul Islam, Md. Murad Hossain","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/5530962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/5530962","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is a national strategy to address vitamin A deficiency. Children aged 6–59 months receive vitamin A twice a year. Despite this, coverage of VAS remains a major public health challenge for children in Bangladesh, with multiple studies aiming to identify its primary risk factors. This study examines the relationship between various sociodemographic factors and identifies the significant risk factors for low VAS rates, suggesting recommendations to enhance supplementation coverage among children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were derived from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022. Analysis included 6472 (male: 3316 and female: 3156) weighted children aged 12–59 months; although children aged 6–59 months are eligible to receive VAS, the analysis focused on those aged 12–59 months. This is because the survey question required caregivers to recall VAS received in the past six months, and all children in the 12–59 month age group would have been eligible for supplementation during that period. The chi-squared test was used to assess associations, followed by multilevel logistic regression models for identifying significant risk factors. The multilevel logistic regression model outperformed logistic regression in clustered data analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A proportion of 73.1% (4731) of children had received a vitamin A capsule in the prior six months, below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 90% target. Children in the Dhaka division were notably 1.097 times more likely not to receive VAS compared to children in other regions. Conversely, children from the wealthiest wealth quartile (AOR = 0.749, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.618–0.908) and those with mothers aged 30–49 years (AOR = 0.649, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.518–0.812) were significantly less likely to miss VAS. Furthermore, higher maternal education was associated with a reduced likelihood of a child being excluded from the VAS program.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings highlight the need for targeted awareness campaigns in vulnerable communities, particularly to educate parents about the benefits of VAS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/5530962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting Zhang, Weiyi Gong, Cheng Huang, Hongkai Wang, Baojun Liu
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease of uncertain etiology with few specific and effective therapeutic agents approved for its treatment. We examined the underlying processes and the impact of icariin (ICA) on a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. After giving ICA orally to the experimental mouse model for 4 weeks, the impact of the drug on pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, Masson’s trichrome staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. 16S rRNA sequencing and 5R 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to investigate the compositions of the gut and lung microbiota, respectively. The alterations of serum metabolites were assessed using untargeted metabolomic technique. ICA treatment attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in the BLM-induced mouse model. Meanwhile, ICA regulated the abundance and composition of pulmonary along with intestinal microbiota, especially Akkermansia and Lactobacillus. The strong connections between the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota supported the gut–lung axis. In addition, serum metabolic profiles and related metabolic pathways were influenced by ICA intervention. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that Akkermansia or Lactobacillus was significantly associated with various metabolites via corresponding metabolic pathways. ICA has a pulmonary-protective effect against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which appears to modulate serum metabolic profiles by affecting the Akkermansia- or Lactobacillus-involved gut–lung axis.
{"title":"Icariin Alleviates Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice by Modulating the Gut–Lung Axis and Serum Metabolism","authors":"Ting Zhang, Weiyi Gong, Cheng Huang, Hongkai Wang, Baojun Liu","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/5441024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/5441024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease of uncertain etiology with few specific and effective therapeutic agents approved for its treatment. We examined the underlying processes and the impact of icariin (ICA) on a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. After giving ICA orally to the experimental mouse model for 4 weeks, the impact of the drug on pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, Masson’s trichrome staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. 16S rRNA sequencing and 5R 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to investigate the compositions of the gut and lung microbiota, respectively. The alterations of serum metabolites were assessed using untargeted metabolomic technique. ICA treatment attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in the BLM-induced mouse model. Meanwhile, ICA regulated the abundance and composition of pulmonary along with intestinal microbiota, especially <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>. The strong connections between the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota supported the gut–lung axis. In addition, serum metabolic profiles and related metabolic pathways were influenced by ICA intervention. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that <i>Akkermansia</i> or <i>Lactobacillus</i> was significantly associated with various metabolites via corresponding metabolic pathways. ICA has a pulmonary-protective effect against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which appears to modulate serum metabolic profiles by affecting the <i>Akkermansia-</i> or <i>Lactobacillus-</i>involved gut–lung axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/5441024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146016384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei Yu, Gui-Yan Liu, Wen-Xuan Zhou, Zhao-Hua Liu, Lian-Tao Li
Objective
To assess the efficacy and safety of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction (CGGJD) combined with Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DS) in oligomenorrhea treatment.
Methods
In this prospective open-label trial, 35 oligomenorrhea patients (30–40 years) received CGGJD-DS for 3 months, followed by a 2-month follow-up. Outcomes included clinical efficacy rate, menstrual pattern and frequency, serum hormones (E2, LH, and FSH), uterine spiral artery indices (RI, PI, and S/D), endometrial blood flow parameters (VI, FI, and VFI), and endometrial thickness assessed pre-/post-treatment and post–follow-up.
Results
Post-treatment menstrual pattern and frequency both significantly increased versus baseline (p < 0.01), with a 68.6% total efficacy rate. E2 levels significantly increased post-treatment and post–follow-up (both p < 0.01), while LH and FSH decreased significantly (both p < 0.01). Significant improvements occurred in spiral artery indices (all p < 0.01), endometrial blood flow parameters (all p < 0.01), endometrial blood distribution (Wald χ2 = 20.8, p < 0.01), and endometrial thickness (p < 0.01). No serious adverse events occurred.
Conclusions
CGGJD-DS effectively improves ovarian function and endometrial perfusion in oligomenorrhea, demonstrating potential as an alternative therapy.
{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang Decoction Combined With Danggui-Shaoyao-San for the Treatment of Oligomenorrhea: A Prospective, Open-Label Clinical Study","authors":"Mei Yu, Gui-Yan Liu, Wen-Xuan Zhou, Zhao-Hua Liu, Lian-Tao Li","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/8431842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/8431842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the efficacy and safety of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction (CGGJD) combined with Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DS) in oligomenorrhea treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this prospective open-label trial, 35 oligomenorrhea patients (30–40 years) received CGGJD-DS for 3 months, followed by a 2-month follow-up. Outcomes included clinical efficacy rate, menstrual pattern and frequency, serum hormones (E2, LH, and FSH), uterine spiral artery indices (RI, PI, and S/D), endometrial blood flow parameters (VI, FI, and VFI), and endometrial thickness assessed pre-/post-treatment and post–follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-treatment menstrual pattern and frequency both significantly increased versus baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with a 68.6% total efficacy rate. E2 levels significantly increased post-treatment and post–follow-up (both <i>p</i> < 0.01), while LH and FSH decreased significantly (both <i>p</i> < 0.01). Significant improvements occurred in spiral artery indices (all <i>p</i> < 0.01), endometrial blood flow parameters (all <i>p</i> < 0.01), endometrial blood distribution (Wald χ<sup>2</sup> = 20.8, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and endometrial thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.01). No serious adverse events occurred.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CGGJD-DS effectively improves ovarian function and endometrial perfusion in oligomenorrhea, demonstrating potential as an alternative therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/8431842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background/Aims</h3> <p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, as well as vascular abnormalities caused by insulin deficiency or resistance. It may progress with severe complications and lead to early mortality. For diabetic patients, it is essential to be able to measure their own blood glucose levels at home to detect any increases or decreases and take necessary precautions. To evaluate treatment satisfaction and the quality of glucose monitoring devices, Polonsky et al. developed the Glucose Monitoring System Satisfaction (GMSS) Scale, which consists of 4 factors and 15 items. In this study, we investigated the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the GMSS Scale and examined its association with HbA1c levels, sociodemographic characteristics, and related variables.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A research questionnaire developed by the authors and the GMSS Scale were used. The questionnaire consisted of a sociodemographic section and 52 items in total—37 items assessing the GMSS Scale and 15 items constituting the scale itself. Patients who attended the Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Outpatient Clinics of Katip Çelebi University between April 1, 2018, and September 31, 2018, were voluntarily included in the study.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The study included 152 patients with Type 1 diabetes (102 females and 50 males). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.814, indicating high internal consistency. The overall correlation of the scale was positive and significant (<i>r</i> = 0.927, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Factor loadings for the Turkish adaptation ranged from 0.38 to 0.76, demonstrating acceptable validity. Patients who perceived their diabetes education quality as higher had significantly greater satisfaction scores. Regression analysis showed that insulin type, HbA1c level, quality of life, and educational well-being significantly predicted overall satisfaction (adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.265). A significant inverse correlation was observed between HbA1c levels and total satisfaction scores (<i>p</i> < 0.0001, <i>r</i> = −0.389).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>The results of our study indicate that the GMSS Scale, developed by Polonsky et al. and consisting of 4 factors and 15 items, is a valid and reliable tool for use in Turkish populations. This scale provides an effective method for evaluating treatment satisfaction and the quality of glucose monitoring devices.
背景/目的糖尿病是一种以碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质代谢紊乱以及胰岛素缺乏或抵抗引起的血管异常为特征的慢性疾病。它可能发展成严重的并发症并导致早期死亡。对于糖尿病患者来说，能够在家测量自己的血糖水平以发现任何升高或降低并采取必要的预防措施是至关重要的。为了评价治疗满意度和血糖监测设备的质量，Polonsky等人制定了葡萄糖监测系统满意度（GMSS）量表，该量表由4个因素和15个项目组成。在本研究中，我们调查了土耳其版GMSS量表的有效性和可靠性，并检查了其与HbA1c水平、社会人口特征和相关变量的关系。方法采用自行编制的调查问卷和GMSS量表。问卷由社会人口学部分组成，共52个项目，其中37个项目评估GMSS量表，15个项目构成量表本身。2018年4月1日至2018年9月31日期间在卡蒂普Çelebi大学内科和内分泌门诊就诊的患者自愿纳入研究。结果纳入152例1型糖尿病患者，其中女性102例，男性50例。量表的Cronbach’s alpha系数为0.814，内部一致性较高。量表的总体相关性为正且显著（r = 0.927, p < 0.0001）。土耳其语适应的因子负荷范围从0.38到0.76，证明了可接受的有效性。认为自己的糖尿病教育质量越高的患者满意度越高。回归分析显示，胰岛素类型、HbA1c水平、生活质量和教育幸福感显著预测整体满意度（调整R2 = 0.265）。HbA1c水平与总满意度得分呈显著负相关（p < 0.0001, r = - 0.389）。我们的研究结果表明，由Polonsky等人开发的由4个因素和15个项目组成的GMSS量表是一个有效和可靠的工具，适用于土耳其人群。该量表为评价治疗满意度和血糖监测设备的质量提供了一种有效的方法。此外，糖尿病教育在实现最佳血糖控制方面起着至关重要的作用。
{"title":"Adaptation of the Glucose Monitoring System Satisfaction Scale for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Into Turkish: A Study on Validity and Reliability","authors":"Muhammet Demirbaş, Uğur Ergün, Barış Önder Pamuk","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/4857821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijcp/4857821","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, as well as vascular abnormalities caused by insulin deficiency or resistance. It may progress with severe complications and lead to early mortality. For diabetic patients, it is essential to be able to measure their own blood glucose levels at home to detect any increases or decreases and take necessary precautions. To evaluate treatment satisfaction and the quality of glucose monitoring devices, Polonsky et al. developed the Glucose Monitoring System Satisfaction (GMSS) Scale, which consists of 4 factors and 15 items. In this study, we investigated the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the GMSS Scale and examined its association with HbA1c levels, sociodemographic characteristics, and related variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A research questionnaire developed by the authors and the GMSS Scale were used. The questionnaire consisted of a sociodemographic section and 52 items in total—37 items assessing the GMSS Scale and 15 items constituting the scale itself. Patients who attended the Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Outpatient Clinics of Katip Çelebi University between April 1, 2018, and September 31, 2018, were voluntarily included in the study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 152 patients with Type 1 diabetes (102 females and 50 males). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.814, indicating high internal consistency. The overall correlation of the scale was positive and significant (<i>r</i> = 0.927, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Factor loadings for the Turkish adaptation ranged from 0.38 to 0.76, demonstrating acceptable validity. Patients who perceived their diabetes education quality as higher had significantly greater satisfaction scores. Regression analysis showed that insulin type, HbA1c level, quality of life, and educational well-being significantly predicted overall satisfaction (adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.265). A significant inverse correlation was observed between HbA1c levels and total satisfaction scores (<i>p</i> < 0.0001, <i>r</i> = −0.389).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of our study indicate that the GMSS Scale, developed by Polonsky et al. and consisting of 4 factors and 15 items, is a valid and reliable tool for use in Turkish populations. This scale provides an effective method for evaluating treatment satisfaction and the quality of glucose monitoring devices. ","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/4857821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号