Pub Date : 2016-09-05DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794648
À. Martínez, P. Eggers, E. Carvalho
This paper introduces three key features in geometry-based stochastic channel models in order to include massive MIMO channels. Those key features consists of multiuser (MU) consistency, non-stationarities across the base station array and inclusion of spherical wave modelling. To ensure MU consistency, we introduce the concept of “user aura”, which is a circle around the user with radius defined according to the stationarity interval. The overlap between auras determines the share of common clusters among users. To model non-stationarities across a massive array, sub-arrays are defined for which clusters are independently generated. At last, we describe a procedure to incorporate spherical wave modelling, where a cluster focal point is defined to account for distance between user and cluster.
{"title":"Geometry-based stochastic channel models for 5G: Extending key features for massive MIMO","authors":"À. Martínez, P. Eggers, E. Carvalho","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794648","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces three key features in geometry-based stochastic channel models in order to include massive MIMO channels. Those key features consists of multiuser (MU) consistency, non-stationarities across the base station array and inclusion of spherical wave modelling. To ensure MU consistency, we introduce the concept of “user aura”, which is a circle around the user with radius defined according to the stationarity interval. The overlap between auras determines the share of common clusters among users. To model non-stationarities across a massive array, sub-arrays are defined for which clusters are independently generated. At last, we describe a procedure to incorporate spherical wave modelling, where a cluster focal point is defined to account for distance between user and cluster.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125341186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-04DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794839
Guillaume Gaillard, D. Barthel, Fabrice Théoleyre, F. Valois
The industrial Internet of Things (IoT) relies on multi-hop radio paths. Synchronized nodes follow a Frequency-Time Division Multiple Access (FTDMA) schedule, but even using channel-hopping to mitigate interference, the radio links suffer packet losses. Resource allocation algorithms must consider the requirements of the applications in terms of delivery and allocate extra resource to compensate for anticipated losses. We propose a hop-by-hop allocation mechanism that extends the Traffic-Aware Scheduling Algorithm (TASA) by enabling retransmissions. We give each flow on the network the possibility to satisfy its applicative end-to-end delivery constraint. We keep the amount of resource allocated for retransmissions low, and balance the allocations on the relay nodes. By means of simulations, we show the gain in terms of reliability, and the cost in terms of number of allocations.
{"title":"High-reliability scheduling in deterministic wireless multi-hop networks","authors":"Guillaume Gaillard, D. Barthel, Fabrice Théoleyre, F. Valois","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794839","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial Internet of Things (IoT) relies on multi-hop radio paths. Synchronized nodes follow a Frequency-Time Division Multiple Access (FTDMA) schedule, but even using channel-hopping to mitigate interference, the radio links suffer packet losses. Resource allocation algorithms must consider the requirements of the applications in terms of delivery and allocate extra resource to compensate for anticipated losses. We propose a hop-by-hop allocation mechanism that extends the Traffic-Aware Scheduling Algorithm (TASA) by enabling retransmissions. We give each flow on the network the possibility to satisfy its applicative end-to-end delivery constraint. We keep the amount of resource allocated for retransmissions low, and balance the allocations on the relay nodes. By means of simulations, we show the gain in terms of reliability, and the cost in terms of number of allocations.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131080562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-04DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794951
L. Chavarria, P. Michaelsen, K. Pedersen
This study compares the amount of control signaling required by traditional network-controlled mobility management with the one required by user equipment autonomous cell management operations in a real-life highway scenario. The scenario is covered by macros and densely-deployed small cells. Different strategies for preparing the small cells for autonomous operations are studied. Our results show that traditional dual connectivity requires an average of 4.9 messages, per user per second, to be exchanged between the user equipment and the network, and 11.6 messages between e-NodeBs. On the other hand, autonomous cell management operations considerably decrease the amount of signaling. The highest reductions can be achieved by preparing all cells along the highway, cutting the signaling overhead by 92 % over the air, and 39 % between e-NodeBs. Furthermore, the approach of applying a newly developed window-based feature for preparing the cells brings significant benefits.
{"title":"UE autonomous cell management in a high-speed scenario with dual connectivity","authors":"L. Chavarria, P. Michaelsen, K. Pedersen","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794951","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the amount of control signaling required by traditional network-controlled mobility management with the one required by user equipment autonomous cell management operations in a real-life highway scenario. The scenario is covered by macros and densely-deployed small cells. Different strategies for preparing the small cells for autonomous operations are studied. Our results show that traditional dual connectivity requires an average of 4.9 messages, per user per second, to be exchanged between the user equipment and the network, and 11.6 messages between e-NodeBs. On the other hand, autonomous cell management operations considerably decrease the amount of signaling. The highest reductions can be achieved by preparing all cells along the highway, cutting the signaling overhead by 92 % over the air, and 39 % between e-NodeBs. Furthermore, the approach of applying a newly developed window-based feature for preparing the cells brings significant benefits.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114713479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-04DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794914
Pham Tran Anh Quang, Kandaraj Piamrat, K. Singh, C. Viho
This paper presents a QoE-based multipath routing algorithm for scalable video coding (SVC) over multichannel wireless mesh networks (WMN). The availability and quality of links in WMN significantly depends on not only the positions of neighbors but also the interference between links. In video streaming, the quality perceived by the users is the key to success. Consequently, enhancing experience of users and network utilization in these networks is an interesting challenge. In this paper, we utilize multicommodity model to formulate the problem of streaming SVC video over multichannel WMN. Then, we propose a heuristic algorithm to speed up searching solution procedure. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain a near-optimal solution within a short calculation time.
{"title":"Q-SWiM: QoE-based routing algorithm for SVC video streaming over wireless mesh networks","authors":"Pham Tran Anh Quang, Kandaraj Piamrat, K. Singh, C. Viho","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a QoE-based multipath routing algorithm for scalable video coding (SVC) over multichannel wireless mesh networks (WMN). The availability and quality of links in WMN significantly depends on not only the positions of neighbors but also the interference between links. In video streaming, the quality perceived by the users is the key to success. Consequently, enhancing experience of users and network utilization in these networks is an interesting challenge. In this paper, we utilize multicommodity model to formulate the problem of streaming SVC video over multichannel WMN. Then, we propose a heuristic algorithm to speed up searching solution procedure. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain a near-optimal solution within a short calculation time.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120819458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-04DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794582
N. Zaric, M. Pejanovic, A. Mihovska
This paper proposes the concept of Human Centric Sensing in the context of Internet of Things and Ambient Assisted Living. The paper uses a case study to present and analyze the proposed idea, and identifies the main challenges and open issues that require research and policy attention.
{"title":"Ambient assisted living systems in the context of human centric sensing and IoT concept: EWall case study","authors":"N. Zaric, M. Pejanovic, A. Mihovska","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794582","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the concept of Human Centric Sensing in the context of Internet of Things and Ambient Assisted Living. The paper uses a case study to present and analyze the proposed idea, and identifies the main challenges and open issues that require research and policy attention.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132914978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-04DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794820
Francois Despaux, K. Jaffrès-Runser, A. Bossche, T. Val
Emerging applications of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) combine low to medium rate communications with positioning capabilities allowing centimeter level accuracy in ranging. For positioning systems employing UWB radios, time-based schemes provide very good accuracy due to the high time resolution of UWB signals. These time-based positioning systems rely on measurements of travel times of signal between nodes allowing to estimate the distance between nodes. The standard IEEE 802.15.4a-2007 propose TWR and SDS-TWR time-based protocols for ranging purpose. However, the accuracy of TWR is quite poor due to the effects of clock skews. SDS-TWR mitigates the clock skew error at the expenses of the number of message exchanges, which is increased. In this work, we present a novel approach for accurately estimating the ToF in UWB taking into account the clock skew between nodes while minimising the number of exchanged messages. Experimentations were carried out in our Open Source Framework, which enables fast prototyping of protocols based on an UWB Physical Layer.
{"title":"Accurate and platform-agnostic time-of-flight estimation in ultra-wide band","authors":"Francois Despaux, K. Jaffrès-Runser, A. Bossche, T. Val","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794820","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging applications of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) combine low to medium rate communications with positioning capabilities allowing centimeter level accuracy in ranging. For positioning systems employing UWB radios, time-based schemes provide very good accuracy due to the high time resolution of UWB signals. These time-based positioning systems rely on measurements of travel times of signal between nodes allowing to estimate the distance between nodes. The standard IEEE 802.15.4a-2007 propose TWR and SDS-TWR time-based protocols for ranging purpose. However, the accuracy of TWR is quite poor due to the effects of clock skews. SDS-TWR mitigates the clock skew error at the expenses of the number of message exchanges, which is increased. In this work, we present a novel approach for accurately estimating the ToF in UWB taking into account the clock skew between nodes while minimising the number of exchanged messages. Experimentations were carried out in our Open Source Framework, which enables fast prototyping of protocols based on an UWB Physical Layer.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130354808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-04DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794709
J. P. Beltran, Danilo De Donno, D. Giustiniano, J. Widmer
Millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless technologies are expected to become key enablers of multi-gigabit wireless access in next-generation cellular and local area networks. Due to unfavorable radio propagation, mmWave systems will exploit large-scale MIMO and adaptive antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver to realize sufficient link margin. Unfortunately, power and cost requirements in mmWave radio frontends make the use of fully-digital beamforming very challenging. In this paper, we focus on hybrid analog-digital beamforming and address two relevant aspects of the initial access procedure at mmWave frequencies. First, we propose a beam training protocol which effectively accelerates the link establishment by exploiting the ability of mobile users to simultaneously receive from multiple directions. Second, we deal with practical constraints of mmWave transceivers and propose a novel, geometric approach to synthesize multi-beamwidth beam patterns that can be leveraged for simultaneous multi-direction scanning. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid codebooks are able to shape beam patterns very close to those attained by a fully-digital beamforming architecture, yet require lower complexity hardware compared with the state of the art. Furthermore, the reduced duration of the beam training phase, in turn enabled by the multi-beam characteristics of our hybrid codebooks, provides a 25% to 70% increase in spectral efficiency compared to existing sequential scanning strategies.
{"title":"Speeding up mmWave beam training through low-complexity hybrid transceivers","authors":"J. P. Beltran, Danilo De Donno, D. Giustiniano, J. Widmer","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794709","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless technologies are expected to become key enablers of multi-gigabit wireless access in next-generation cellular and local area networks. Due to unfavorable radio propagation, mmWave systems will exploit large-scale MIMO and adaptive antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver to realize sufficient link margin. Unfortunately, power and cost requirements in mmWave radio frontends make the use of fully-digital beamforming very challenging. In this paper, we focus on hybrid analog-digital beamforming and address two relevant aspects of the initial access procedure at mmWave frequencies. First, we propose a beam training protocol which effectively accelerates the link establishment by exploiting the ability of mobile users to simultaneously receive from multiple directions. Second, we deal with practical constraints of mmWave transceivers and propose a novel, geometric approach to synthesize multi-beamwidth beam patterns that can be leveraged for simultaneous multi-direction scanning. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid codebooks are able to shape beam patterns very close to those attained by a fully-digital beamforming architecture, yet require lower complexity hardware compared with the state of the art. Furthermore, the reduced duration of the beam training phase, in turn enabled by the multi-beam characteristics of our hybrid codebooks, provides a 25% to 70% increase in spectral efficiency compared to existing sequential scanning strategies.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131595341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-03DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794608
Yuqi Mo, C. Goursaud, J. Gorce
UNB is dedicated to long range and low power transmission in IoT networks. The channel access is Random-FTMA, where nodes select their time and frequency in a random and continuous way. This randomness leads to a new behavior of the interference which has not been theoretically analyzed yet, when considering the pathloss of nodes located randomly in an area. In this paper, in order to quantify the system performance, we derive and exploit a theoretical expression of the packet error rate in a UNB based IoT network, when taking into account both interference due to the spectral randomness and path loss due to the propagation.
{"title":"Theoretical analysis of UNB-based IoT networks with path loss and random spectrum access","authors":"Yuqi Mo, C. Goursaud, J. Gorce","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794608","url":null,"abstract":"UNB is dedicated to long range and low power transmission in IoT networks. The channel access is Random-FTMA, where nodes select their time and frequency in a random and continuous way. This randomness leads to a new behavior of the interference which has not been theoretically analyzed yet, when considering the pathloss of nodes located randomly in an area. In this paper, in order to quantify the system performance, we derive and exploit a theoretical expression of the packet error rate in a UNB based IoT network, when taking into account both interference due to the spectral randomness and path loss due to the propagation.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121025202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794966
Alexander Yohan, N. Lo, Henry Roes Lie
Nowadays, smartphone has become a vital tool for both productivity and entertainment that most people can't live without it. Due to the widespread usage of smartphone for both personal and professional purposes, many people consider them as private property. This means other people should not be able to freely gain access to their smartphone, because it contains a lot of sensitive data. Therefore, its security is a very important research area with the potential to benefit millions of people in the world. A security system that protects owners from any breaches of privacy is needed to ensure the data inside the device stays private. In this paper, we propose a new system for securing smartphone. We incorporate a multi-factor authentication method to provide high security. Our system also incorporates an implicit authentication method to continuously authenticate the user and prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing the device. A prototype based on the proposed system is also constructed.
{"title":"Dynamic multi-factor authentication for smartphone","authors":"Alexander Yohan, N. Lo, Henry Roes Lie","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794966","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, smartphone has become a vital tool for both productivity and entertainment that most people can't live without it. Due to the widespread usage of smartphone for both personal and professional purposes, many people consider them as private property. This means other people should not be able to freely gain access to their smartphone, because it contains a lot of sensitive data. Therefore, its security is a very important research area with the potential to benefit millions of people in the world. A security system that protects owners from any breaches of privacy is needed to ensure the data inside the device stays private. In this paper, we propose a new system for securing smartphone. We incorporate a multi-factor authentication method to provide high security. Our system also incorporates an implicit authentication method to continuously authenticate the user and prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing the device. A prototype based on the proposed system is also constructed.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114963040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794925
Sana Rekik, Nouha Baccour, M. Jmaiel, K. Drira
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been recognized as a promising communication technology for smart grid monitoring and control applications. Unfortunately, environmental conditions in smart grids are complex and harsh (electromagnetic interference, obstructions, fading, etc.), which turns radio links extremely unreliable. Routing protocols play a crucial role to overcome low-power link unreliability in smart grid environments. Especially, RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks) is an IETF standard that is supposed to meet the requirements of WSN-based smart grid communications. RPL routing metric relies on link quality estimation through ETX (Expected Transmission Count) assessment, to identify high quality links for data delivery. However, ETX is not sufficiently accurate as it assesses a particular link aspect, number of packet retransmissions over the link, and ignores other important aspects such as channel quality. Consequently, as confirmed by recent experimental studies, RPL can fail to identify routing paths with high quality links leading to high packet loss rates. In this paper, we propose an alternative routing metric for RPL based on holistic link quality estimation, where several link metrics are combined. Based on COOJA simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed routing metric improves RPL performance over traditional routing metrics, including the RPL default metric, mainly in terms of packet loss ratio, end-to-end delay, energy efficiency, and topology stability.
无线传感器网络(WSNs)已被认为是一种很有前途的智能电网监测和控制通信技术。不幸的是，智能电网的环境条件复杂而恶劣(电磁干扰、障碍物、衰落等)，这使得无线电链路极其不可靠。在智能电网环境下，路由协议在克服低功耗链路不可靠性方面起着至关重要的作用。特别是RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks)是IETF为满足基于无线网络的智能电网通信需求而制定的标准。RPL路由度量依赖于通过ETX(预期传输计数)评估的链路质量估计，以确定用于数据传输的高质量链路。然而，ETX不够准确，因为它评估的是特定链路方面，即链路上的数据包重传数量，而忽略了其他重要方面，如信道质量。因此，最近的实验研究证实，RPL可能无法识别具有高质量链路的路由路径，从而导致高丢包率。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于整体链路质量估计的RPL替代路由度量，其中多个链路度量相结合。基于COOJA模拟，我们证明了我们提出的路由度量比传统的路由度量(包括RPL默认度量)提高了RPL性能，主要是在丢包率、端到端延迟、能效和拓扑稳定性方面。
{"title":"Holistic link quality estimation-based routing metric for RPL networks in smart grids","authors":"Sana Rekik, Nouha Baccour, M. Jmaiel, K. Drira","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794925","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been recognized as a promising communication technology for smart grid monitoring and control applications. Unfortunately, environmental conditions in smart grids are complex and harsh (electromagnetic interference, obstructions, fading, etc.), which turns radio links extremely unreliable. Routing protocols play a crucial role to overcome low-power link unreliability in smart grid environments. Especially, RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks) is an IETF standard that is supposed to meet the requirements of WSN-based smart grid communications. RPL routing metric relies on link quality estimation through ETX (Expected Transmission Count) assessment, to identify high quality links for data delivery. However, ETX is not sufficiently accurate as it assesses a particular link aspect, number of packet retransmissions over the link, and ignores other important aspects such as channel quality. Consequently, as confirmed by recent experimental studies, RPL can fail to identify routing paths with high quality links leading to high packet loss rates. In this paper, we propose an alternative routing metric for RPL based on holistic link quality estimation, where several link metrics are combined. Based on COOJA simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed routing metric improves RPL performance over traditional routing metrics, including the RPL default metric, mainly in terms of packet loss ratio, end-to-end delay, energy efficiency, and topology stability.","PeriodicalId":137845,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115664239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：