Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.22541/au.166176189.90109497/v1
O. Molnár, Eric P. Hoberg, V. Trivellone, G. Földvári, D. R.
The COVID-19 pandemic is the latest example of the profound socioeconomic impact of the emerging infectious disease (EID) crisis. Current health security measures are based on a failed evolutionary paradigm that presumes EID is rare and cannot be predicted because emergence requires the prior evolution of novel genetic capacities for colonizing a new host. Consequently, crisis response through preparation for previously emerged diseases and palliation following outbreaks have been the only health security options, which have become unsustainably expensive and unsuccessful. The Stockholm paradigm (SP) is an alternative evolutionary framework that suggests host changes are the result of changing conditions that bring pathogens into contact with susceptible hosts, with novel genetic variants arising in the new host after infection. Host changes leading to EID can be predicted because preexisting capacities for colonizing new hosts are highly specific and phylogenetically conservative. This makes EID prevention through limiting exposure to susceptible hosts possible. The DAMA (Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) protocol is a policy extension of the SP that can both prevent and mitigate EID by enhancing traditional efforts through adding early warning signs and predicting transmission dynamics. Prevention, preparation, and palliation compose the 3P framework, a comprehensive plan for reducing the socioeconomic impact of EID.
{"title":"The 3P Framework: A Comprehensive Approach to Coping with the Emerging Infectious Disease Crisis","authors":"O. Molnár, Eric P. Hoberg, V. Trivellone, G. Földvári, D. R.","doi":"10.22541/au.166176189.90109497/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.166176189.90109497/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is the latest example of the profound socioeconomic impact of the emerging infectious disease (EID) crisis. Current health security measures are based on a failed evolutionary paradigm that presumes EID is rare and cannot be predicted because emergence requires the prior evolution of novel genetic capacities for colonizing a new host. Consequently, crisis response through preparation for previously emerged diseases and palliation following outbreaks have been the only health security options, which have become unsustainably expensive and unsuccessful. The Stockholm paradigm (SP) is an alternative evolutionary framework that suggests host changes are the result of changing conditions that bring pathogens into contact with susceptible hosts, with novel genetic variants arising in the new host after infection. Host changes leading to EID can be predicted because preexisting capacities for colonizing new hosts are highly specific and phylogenetically conservative. This makes EID prevention through limiting exposure to susceptible hosts possible. The DAMA (Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) protocol is a policy extension of the SP that can both prevent and mitigate EID by enhancing traditional efforts through adding early warning signs and predicting transmission dynamics. Prevention, preparation, and palliation compose the 3P framework, a comprehensive plan for reducing the socioeconomic impact of EID.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129654179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter20
J. Ubelaker, Gábor R. Rácz
This document represents a summary of parasites, in the broadest sense of the term, reported from Peromyscus maniculatus from throughout its range in North America. The document provides data from work ranging from paleontological findings to relatively current reports of parasites and parasitism from P. maniculatus and covers viruses, bacteria sensu lato, protists, helminths, and ectoparasites.
{"title":"A Checklist of Parasites of Peromyscus maniculatus in North America","authors":"J. Ubelaker, Gábor R. Rácz","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter20","url":null,"abstract":"This document represents a summary of parasites, in the broadest sense of the term, reported from Peromyscus maniculatus from throughout its range in North America. The document provides data from work ranging from paleontological findings to relatively current reports of parasites and parasitism from P. maniculatus and covers viruses, bacteria sensu lato, protists, helminths, and ectoparasites.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131193349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter19
I. Beveridge, L. Smales
The nematode sub-family Cloacininae from Australasian macropodoid marsupials is reviewed. Keys are provided to all genera and species currently known. A revised definition of the sub-family and detailed generic diagnoses are provided. For each species, full synonymies and literature citations are included along with known hosts, geographical distributions and associated DNA sequence data. A brief morphological synopsis of each species is provided together with illustrations of the morphological features needed for identification using the keys. Due to uncertainties relating to the division of the sub-family into tribes, only the nominal allocation to tribe is provided. Two new genera are erected, Sacculostrongylus n. gen. for S. ochetocephalus (Beveridge, 1986) n. comb., formerly placed within Monilonema Beveridge & Johnson, 1981, and Thylicostrongylus n. gen., for several species formerly placed in Wallabinema Beveridge, 1983.
综述了澳大利亚大足类有袋动物的线虫亚科。提供了目前已知的所有属和种的钥匙。修订的亚家族的定义和详细的一般诊断提供。对于每个物种，包括完整的同义词和文献引用，以及已知的宿主，地理分布和相关的DNA序列数据。每个物种的一个简短的形态概述提供了形态学特征的插图需要使用钥匙识别。由于子家族划分为部落的不确定性，只提供了名义上的部落分配。建立了两个新属，saclostrongylus n. gen.为S. ochetocephalus (Beveridge, 1986) n. comb。，以前放在Monilonema Beveridge & Johnson, 1981年;Thylicostrongylus n. gen，以前放在Wallabinema Beveridge, 1983年。
{"title":"Review of the Cloacininae Stossich (Nemata: Strongyloidea) from Australasian marsupials (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea)","authors":"I. Beveridge, L. Smales","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter19","url":null,"abstract":"The nematode sub-family Cloacininae from Australasian macropodoid marsupials is reviewed. Keys are provided to all genera and species currently known. A revised definition of the sub-family and detailed generic diagnoses are provided. For each species, full synonymies and literature citations are included along with known hosts, geographical distributions and associated DNA sequence data. A brief morphological synopsis of each species is provided together with illustrations of the morphological features needed for identification using the keys. Due to uncertainties relating to the division of the sub-family into tribes, only the nominal allocation to tribe is provided. Two new genera are erected, Sacculostrongylus n. gen. for S. ochetocephalus (Beveridge, 1986) n. comb., formerly placed within Monilonema Beveridge & Johnson, 1981, and Thylicostrongylus n. gen., for several species formerly placed in Wallabinema Beveridge, 1983.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126112199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter18
Eric P. Hoberg, W. Boeger, D. Brooks, V. Trivellone, S. Agosta
Humans represent ecological super-spreaders in the dissemination and introduction of pathogens. These processes, consistent with the dynamics of the Stockholm paradigm, are exemplified in the origin and globalized distributions of SARS-CoV-2 since initial recognition in central Asia during 2019 and 2020. SARS-like viruses are not widespread in mammals but appear widespread in chiropterans. Bats are isolated ecologically from most other assemblages of mammals in terrestrial systems. Humans may be the stepping-stone hosts for broad global dissemination and wider infection (given the opportunity) among diverse assemblages of mammals in which host and viral capacity are compatible. Human globalization mediated insertion in global ecosystems along primary and secondary pathways initially with localized to regional circulation across continents. Origins and persistence of cycles involving variants and viral transmission among other mammals and the potential for secondary exposure (retrocolonization) of people occurs on multidirectional pathways. Humans were responsible for the initial breakdown in ecological isolation of the virus that facilitated colonization events from chiropterans to other mammals. In the absence of these human drivers, environmental or ecological interfaces (boundary zones among habitats) limiting the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to have been crossed, leaving a diverse assemblage of SARS-like viruses (Sarbecovirus) remaining relatively hidden and isolated in southeast Asia.
{"title":"Stepping-stones and Mediators of Pandemic Expansion—A Context for Humans as Ecological Super-spreaders","authors":"Eric P. Hoberg, W. Boeger, D. Brooks, V. Trivellone, S. Agosta","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter18","url":null,"abstract":"Humans represent ecological super-spreaders in the dissemination and introduction of pathogens. These processes, consistent with the dynamics of the Stockholm paradigm, are exemplified in the origin and globalized distributions of SARS-CoV-2 since initial recognition in central Asia during 2019 and 2020. SARS-like viruses are not widespread in mammals but appear widespread in chiropterans. Bats are isolated ecologically from most other assemblages of mammals in terrestrial systems. Humans may be the stepping-stone hosts for broad global dissemination and wider infection (given the opportunity) among diverse assemblages of mammals in which host and viral capacity are compatible. Human globalization mediated insertion in global ecosystems along primary and secondary pathways initially with localized to regional circulation across continents. Origins and persistence of cycles involving variants and viral transmission among other mammals and the potential for secondary exposure (retrocolonization) of people occurs on multidirectional pathways. Humans were responsible for the initial breakdown in ecological isolation of the virus that facilitated colonization events from chiropterans to other mammals. In the absence of these human drivers, environmental or ecological interfaces (boundary zones among habitats) limiting the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to have been crossed, leaving a diverse assemblage of SARS-like viruses (Sarbecovirus) remaining relatively hidden and isolated in southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122301301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter17
R. Guerrero
Between 1817 and 1835 Johann Natterer collected 1,729 samples of endoparasitic helminths in Brazil and southern Venezuela. Of the 323 names that were assigned to the collected nematode specimens, 163 are still valid and accepted species, 84 are still doubtful, and 76 must be rejected. In this work, each name is analyzed and correlated to the literature to clarify its taxonomic status. The purpose of this review of the material collected by Natterer is to establish a complete list of all described species; their current status; and whether they are valid species, synonyms, or nomen nudum as well as to update the hosts and the original dates and localities where they were collected.
{"title":"Natterer in Neotropical Nematoda: Species Described by Rudolphi, Diesing, and Molin","authors":"R. Guerrero","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter17","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1817 and 1835 Johann Natterer collected 1,729 samples of endoparasitic helminths in Brazil and southern Venezuela. Of the 323 names that were assigned to the collected nematode specimens, 163 are still valid and accepted species, 84 are still doubtful, and 76 must be rejected. In this work, each name is analyzed and correlated to the literature to clarify its taxonomic status.\u0000\u0000The purpose of this review of the material collected by Natterer is to establish a complete list of all described species; their current status; and whether they are valid species, synonyms, or nomen nudum as well as to update the hosts and the original dates and localities where they were collected.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120988688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter14
C. K. Blend, Gábor R. Rácz
Steganoderma eamiqtrema n. sp. and a single unidentified specimen of Steganoderma Stafford, 1904 (Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) obtained from the intestine of the greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus Ayres, 1859, and the flag rockfish, Sebastes rubrivinctus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) (Scorpaeniformes: Sebastidae), collected from 190–200 m depths off Oregon, USA, are described. The new species is distinguished from its seven other congeners by a diagnostic combination of morphological features including an elongate oval to spindle-shaped body, a clavate to comma-shaped cirrus pouch located in the forebody and hindbody, a bipartite seminal vesicle, a bifurcal or just post-bifurcal genital pore, a larger ventral than oral sucker, and a smooth testes and ovary with a relatively small distance between them. We present an updated key to the eight species now in Steganoderma and provide a list of parasites known from Se. elongatus and Se. rubrivinctus. The discovery of S. eamiqtrema in Se. elongatus represents the second species of zoogonid known from this host, and the finding of Steganoderma sp. in Se. rubrivinctus represents the first report of a digenean from this host species. A detailed discussion also is given of the type species, S. formosum Stafford, 1904, and questions are raised as to whether this species has a worldwide distribution and infects such a wide variety of fish hosts. We present evidence including variation we observed in redescriptions of the type species, query the implausible idea that there could be gene flow between conspecific helminths geographically separated in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans over such a vast geological period, and offer the possibility that some prior reports of S. formosum may, indeed, be S. eamiqtrema; all of which suggests S. formosum sensu lato may be part of a species complex and not the same worldwide species. Steganoderma is represented in the deep sea by S. eamiqtrema, S. formosum, and Steganoderma sp., and limited speculation is given as to the host specificity of this genus and life history strategies of the new species in deeper waters. Finally, molecular studies of species of Steganoderma are sorely needed (i.e., there is no DNA sequence data currently available in GenBank for any species of this genus), and we suspect that with further molecular, morphological, and life history work, this genus will be taxonomically divided up.
{"title":"Steganoderma Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) from Two Species of Rockfishes from Deep Waters off Oregon Including a New Species and an Updated Key to Species of This Genus","authors":"C. K. Blend, Gábor R. Rácz","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter14","url":null,"abstract":"Steganoderma eamiqtrema n. sp. and a single unidentified specimen of Steganoderma Stafford, 1904 (Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) obtained from the intestine of the greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus Ayres, 1859, and the flag rockfish, Sebastes rubrivinctus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) (Scorpaeniformes: Sebastidae), collected from 190–200 m depths off Oregon, USA, are described. The new species is distinguished from its seven other congeners by a diagnostic combination of morphological features including an elongate oval to spindle-shaped body, a clavate to comma-shaped cirrus pouch located in the forebody and hindbody, a bipartite seminal vesicle, a bifurcal or just post-bifurcal genital pore, a larger ventral than oral sucker, and a smooth testes and ovary with a relatively small distance between them. We present an updated key to the eight species now in Steganoderma and provide a list of parasites known from Se. elongatus and Se. rubrivinctus. The discovery of S. eamiqtrema in Se. elongatus represents the second species of zoogonid known from this host, and the finding of Steganoderma sp. in Se. rubrivinctus represents the first report of a digenean from this host species. A detailed discussion also is given of the type species, S. formosum Stafford, 1904, and questions are raised as to whether this species has a worldwide distribution and infects such a wide variety of fish hosts. We present evidence including variation we observed in redescriptions of the type species, query the implausible idea that there could be gene flow between conspecific helminths geographically separated in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans over such a vast geological period, and offer the possibility that some prior reports of S. formosum may, indeed, be S. eamiqtrema; all of which suggests S. formosum sensu lato may be part of a species complex and not the same worldwide species. Steganoderma is represented in the deep sea by S. eamiqtrema, S. formosum, and Steganoderma sp., and limited speculation is given as to the host specificity of this genus and life history strategies of the new species in deeper waters. Finally, molecular studies of species of Steganoderma are sorely needed (i.e., there is no DNA sequence data currently available in GenBank for any species of this genus), and we suspect that with further molecular, morphological, and life history work, this genus will be taxonomically divided up.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"58 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124556555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.32873/UNL.DC.MANTER15
A. Canaris, Sofía Capasso
The shorebird family Charadriidae in the Americas consists of 21 native and 7 vagrant species. Members of the family occupy a diversity of open habitats, ranging from Arctic tundra during nesting, coastal sands, and mudflats to inland prairies, savannas, and wetlands. Some native plovers migrate from nesting grounds in North America to wintering grounds in South America (Hayman et al., 1986; Paulson, 2005; Winkler et al., 2020). Our search of the literature revealed the following: 17 of 28 host species infected with helminth parasites, 153 helminth species, and 199 infections involving 13 geographic areas. The purpose of this guide is to provide easy access to this data and information relevant to helminth infections in charadriids from the Americas. Information is summarized in Tables I–VI. Table I lists in sequence host, parasite, geographic location, and attenuated citation. Common names are given for each host. Host names are listed alphabetically, and older scientific names used in the literature search are in parentheses. Host geographic distribution is abbreviated as follows: NA = North America, M = Mexico, CA = Central America, SA = South America, A = Americas (NA + M + CA + SA). If present, parasite species are listed in the following order: trematode, cestode, nematode, and acanthocephala. The helminth species names are listed as they were given in the cited literature. Tables II–V are parasite-host lists for trematode, cestode, nematode, and acanthocephalan species and host of the species associated with the parasite. Table VI is a summary of information extracted from the tables and literature cited section.
美洲滨鸟科包括21种本地种和7种流浪种。这个家族的成员占据着各种各样的开放栖息地，从筑巢的北极苔原、海岸沙滩和泥滩到内陆草原、稀树草原和湿地。一些本地鸻从北美的筑巢地迁徙到南美的越冬地(Hayman et al.， 1986;保尔森,2005;Winkler et al.， 2020)。通过文献检索，我们发现28种宿主中有17种感染了寄生虫，153种寄生虫，199例感染涉及13个地理区域。本指南的目的是使人们能够方便地获取与美洲的蛔虫感染有关的数据和信息。资料摘要载于表一至表六。表1按顺序列出了寄主、寄生物、地理位置和衰减引文。每个主机都有通用名称。主机名按字母顺序列出，在文献搜索中使用的较旧的科学名称在括号中。主机地理分布缩写为:NA =北美洲，M =墨西哥，CA =中美洲，SA =南美洲，A =美洲(NA + M + CA + SA)。如果存在，寄生虫种类按以下顺序列出:吸虫、囊虫、线虫和棘头虫。所列的蠕虫物种名称与所引用文献中的名称一致。表2 - 5是吸虫、囊虫、线虫和棘头虫物种的寄生虫-宿主列表，以及与该寄生虫相关的物种的宿主。表六是从表和文献引用部分摘录的信息摘要。
{"title":"A Guide to Helminth Parasites Reported from Shorebirds (Charadriidae) from the Americas","authors":"A. Canaris, Sofía Capasso","doi":"10.32873/UNL.DC.MANTER15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/UNL.DC.MANTER15","url":null,"abstract":"The shorebird family Charadriidae in the Americas consists of 21 native and 7 vagrant species. Members of the family occupy a diversity of open habitats, ranging from Arctic tundra during nesting, coastal sands, and mudflats to inland prairies, savannas, and wetlands. Some native plovers migrate from nesting grounds in North America to wintering grounds in South America (Hayman et al., 1986; Paulson, 2005; Winkler et al., 2020).\u0000Our search of the literature revealed the following: 17 of 28 host species infected with helminth parasites, 153 helminth species, and 199 infections involving 13 geographic areas. The purpose of this guide is to provide easy access to this data and information relevant to helminth infections in charadriids from the Americas. Information is summarized in Tables I–VI.\u0000Table I lists in sequence host, parasite, geographic location, and attenuated citation. Common names are given for each host. Host names are listed alphabetically, and older scientific names used in the literature search are in parentheses. Host geographic distribution is abbreviated as follows: NA = North America, M = Mexico, CA = Central America, SA = South America, A = Americas (NA + M + CA + SA). If present, parasite species are listed in the following order: trematode, cestode, nematode, and acanthocephala. The helminth species names are listed as they were given in the cited literature.\u0000Tables II–V are parasite-host lists for trematode, cestode, nematode, and acanthocephalan species and host of the species associated with the parasite. Table VI is a summary of information extracted from the tables and literature cited section.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122858923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-02DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter13
R. Guerrero
Abstract A new genus and species of Molineinae (Nemata: Trichostrongyloidea) is described. It is similar to Molineus but differs in ray 4 being longest instead of shortest. In addition, a new species of Parastrongyloides is described that is characterized by a short digitiform appendix on the tail and spicule tips with fine points. It is the second species known with two morphotypes of the females. Resumen Se describe un nuevo género y especie de Molineinae (Nemata: Trichostrongyloidea). Es similar a Molineus pero difiere en que el rayo 4 es el más largo en lugar del más corto. Además, se describe una nueva especie de Parastrongyloides que se caracteriza por un apéndice digital breve en la cola y las puntas de las espículas con puntas finas. Es la segunda especie conocida con dos morfotipos de las hembras.
描述了毛线虫亚科(线虫:毛线虫总科)的抽象新属和种。它与Molineus相似，但在ray 4上不同，它是最长的而不是最短的。此外,a new species of Parastrongyloides是公民that is by a short digitiform附录on the尾中西精致和spicule tips points。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。摘要描述了Molineinae(线虫:毛圆线虫总科)的一个新属和种。它与aMolineus相似，但不同之处在于4号射线是最长的而不是最短的。此外，还描述了一种新的副星线虫，其特征是尾巴上有一个短的指附肢和针尖上有细尖的针尖。它是已知的第二种有两种雌性形态的物种。
{"title":"Two New Nematodes from the Families Molineidae and Strongyloididae (Nemata): Parasites of Caenolestes (Mammalia: Paucituberculata: Caenolestidae) from the Andes of Ecuador","authors":"R. Guerrero","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000A new genus and species of Molineinae (Nemata: Trichostrongyloidea) is described. It is similar to Molineus but differs in ray 4 being longest instead of shortest. In addition, a new species of Parastrongyloides is described that is characterized by a short digitiform appendix on the tail and spicule tips with fine points. It is the second species known with two morphotypes of the females.\u0000Resumen\u0000Se describe un nuevo género y especie de Molineinae (Nemata: Trichostrongyloidea). Es similar a\u0000Molineus pero difiere en que el rayo 4 es el más largo en lugar del más corto. Además, se describe una nueva especie de Parastrongyloides que se caracteriza por un apéndice digital breve en la cola y las puntas de las espículas con puntas finas. Es la segunda especie conocida con dos morfotipos de las hembras.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116297857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-23DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter12
D. Gettinger, M. Epperson, Candy Hermasillo, S. Gardner
A survey of ectoparasites associated with bats collected along an elevational transect in the Manú Biosphere Reserve, Peru, includes specimens of two species of an unusual and rarely collected family of parasitic mites, the Spelaeorhynchidae Oudemans, and reveals information on the natural occurrence of these infections. In lowland rainforest (450–1,000 m) along the Rio Alto Madre de Dios, Spelaeorhynchus soaresi Peracchi was recorded exclusively infecting two species of frugivorous Carollia, C. brevicauda and C. perspicillata. At higher elevations in the mountains and cloud forests, Spelaeorhynchus praecursor Neumann exclusively infected two species of nectarivorous Anoura, A. cultrata and A. geoffroyi. The consistency of both altitudinal and host distributional limits between sampling periods suggests that the true focus of infection may be sustained in certain habituated, long-term roosting sites. This valuable spelaeorhynchid survey collection (slides and vials) is available for further study at the following repositories: the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
在秘鲁Manú生物圈保护区沿海拔样带收集的与蝙蝠有关的外寄生虫调查包括一种不寻常且很少收集的寄生螨科Spelaeorhynchidae Oudemans的两个物种的标本，并揭示了这些感染自然发生的信息。在Rio Alto Madre de Dios的低地雨林(450 - 1000 m)，记录到Spelaeorhynchus soaresi Peracchi只感染两种果食性Carollia, C. brevicauda和C. perspicillata。在海拔较高的山区和云雾林中，Spelaeorhynchus的前体Neumann只感染两种食蚁兽，A. cultrata和A. geoffroyi。采样期间的海拔和宿主分布界限的一致性表明，感染的真正焦点可能持续在某些习惯的、长期的栖息地点。这些有价值的spelaeorhynchd调查收集(幻灯片和小瓶)可在以下存储库进行进一步研究:内布拉斯加大学林肯分校哈罗德·w·曼特寄生虫学实验室和芝加哥菲尔德自然历史博物馆。
{"title":"The Enigmatic Spelaeorhynchidae Oudemans, 1902 (Acari:\u0000Mesostigmata) Blood-Feeding Ectoparasites Infesting Neotropical\u0000Bats, with Catalog and Notes on a Collection from the Manú\u0000Biosphere Reserve in Peru","authors":"D. Gettinger, M. Epperson, Candy Hermasillo, S. Gardner","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter12","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of ectoparasites associated with bats collected along an elevational transect in the Manú Biosphere Reserve, Peru, includes specimens of two species of an unusual and rarely collected family of parasitic mites, the Spelaeorhynchidae Oudemans, and reveals information on the natural occurrence of these infections. In lowland rainforest (450–1,000 m) along the Rio Alto Madre de Dios, Spelaeorhynchus soaresi Peracchi was recorded exclusively infecting two species of frugivorous Carollia, C. brevicauda and C. perspicillata. At higher elevations in the mountains and cloud forests, Spelaeorhynchus praecursor Neumann exclusively infected two species of nectarivorous Anoura, A. cultrata and A. geoffroyi. The consistency of both altitudinal and host distributional limits between sampling periods suggests that the true focus of infection may be sustained in certain habituated, long-term roosting sites. This valuable spelaeorhynchid survey collection (slides and vials) is available for further study at the following repositories: the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-23DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.manter11
E. Hoberg, Kaylen Marie Soudachanh
Tetrabothriid cestodes are characteristic helminths that infect species of seabirds globally. We begin with the exploration of the diversity of tapeworms of the genus Tetrabothrius Rudolphi, 1819 (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae), some of which are distributed among seabirds of the family Alcidae (Charadriiformes) at boreal to higher latitudes of Holarctic seas. During the course of 2 decades of field inventory from 1975 through the early 1990s (in addition to earlier collections assembled by Robert L. Rausch and colleagues in Alaska initiated in the late 1940s), an extensive series of tapeworm specimens attributable to species of Tetrabothrius was recovered from seabirds across the North Pacific Basin. It was assumed based on published records of species richness in this fauna that a single species, Tetrabothrius jagerskioeldi Nybelin, 1916, would predominate among alcid hosts. In contrast, detailed study revealed considerable morphological complexity that could not be accommodated within a single species. Further, it was apparent that the limits for the primary morphological attributes of T. jagerskioeldi were not clearly defined. We redescribe T. jagerskioeldi based on direct examination of the type series of specimens from Sweden and an assemblage of specimens largely from alcid hosts from the North Pacific basin. Specimens of T. jagerskioeldi are diagnosed by a characteristic configuration of the genital atrium, position of the male and female genital canals, structure of the male and female organ systems, and numbers of testes. Based on the spectrum of characters we explored, it was apparent that numerous specimens of Tetrabothrius among genera and species of Alcidae from the North Pacific inventory could not be accommodated in T. jagerskioeldi and provisionally are referred to Tetrabothrius undescribed n. sp. pending ongoing evaluations. Superficially, these are all large and robust tapeworms referable to Tetrabothrius, potentially contributing to misidentifications and misattribution that have occurred both in the literature and in the few archived specimens in museums. We summarize the results of extensive inventory collections since 1950, establishing a distributional baseline for species of Tetrabothrius from a wide range of geographic localities and an assemblage of host species among the Alcidae and some species of Laridae, Stercorariidae, and Phalacrocoracidae. We further MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity Supplementary data tables follow the references. MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity 2
四虫绦虫是感染全球海鸟物种的特征性蠕虫。我们首先探索了1819年鲁道夫四虫属绦虫的多样性(四虫纲:四虫科)，其中一些绦虫分布在全北极海域北纬至高纬地区的四虫科海鸟中。从1975年到20世纪90年代初，在长达20年的实地调查过程中(除了Robert L. Rausch及其同事于20世纪40年代末开始在阿拉斯加收集的早期标本外)，从北太平洋盆地的海鸟中恢复了一系列可归因于四足虫物种的绦虫标本。根据已发表的该动物群物种丰富度的记录，人们假设1916年的一种Tetrabothrius jagerskioeldi Nybelin在酸性宿主中占主导地位。相比之下，详细的研究揭示了相当大的形态复杂性，不能容纳在一个单一的物种。此外，很明显的是，对叶氏柽柳的主要形态属性的界限没有明确的界定。基于对瑞典标本类型系列的直接研究和来自北太平洋盆地酸性宿主的标本组合，我们重新描述了jagerskioeldi。jagerskioeldi的标本可以通过生殖器心房的特征配置、男性和女性生殖器管道的位置、男性和女性器官系统的结构以及睾丸的数量来诊断。根据我们所探索的特征谱，很明显，在北太平洋的海蝇科属和种中，有许多四足动物的标本不能被容纳在jagerskioeldi中，暂时被称为未描述的四足动物，等待进一步的评估。从表面上看，这些都是与四足虫相关的大而强壮的绦虫，这可能会导致文献和博物馆中少数存档标本中的错误识别和错误归属。本文总结了1950年以来广泛的调查收集结果，建立了广泛地理位置的四足动物物种分布基线，并在Alcidae和Laridae, Stercorariidae和Phalacrocoracidae的一些物种之间建立了宿主物种组合。我们进一步MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity参考文献补充数据表。宿主:寄生虫生物多样性杂志2
{"title":"Insights about Diversity of Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda) among\u0000Holarctic Alcidae (Charadriiformes): What Is Tetrabothrius\u0000jagerskioeldi jagerskioeldi? ?","authors":"E. Hoberg, Kaylen Marie Soudachanh","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.manter11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.manter11","url":null,"abstract":"Tetrabothriid cestodes are characteristic helminths that infect species of seabirds globally. We begin with the exploration of the diversity of tapeworms of the genus Tetrabothrius Rudolphi, 1819 (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae), some of which are distributed among seabirds of the family Alcidae (Charadriiformes) at boreal to higher latitudes of Holarctic seas. During the course of 2 decades of field inventory from 1975 through the early 1990s (in addition to earlier collections assembled by Robert L. Rausch and colleagues in Alaska initiated in the late 1940s), an extensive series of tapeworm specimens attributable to species of Tetrabothrius was recovered from seabirds across the North Pacific Basin. It was assumed based on published records of species richness in this fauna that a single species, Tetrabothrius jagerskioeldi Nybelin, 1916, would predominate among alcid hosts. In contrast, detailed study revealed considerable morphological complexity that could not be accommodated within a single species. Further, it was apparent that the limits for the primary morphological attributes of T. jagerskioeldi were not clearly defined. We redescribe T. jagerskioeldi based on direct examination of the type series of specimens from Sweden and an assemblage of specimens largely from alcid hosts from the North Pacific basin. Specimens of T. jagerskioeldi are diagnosed by a characteristic configuration of the genital atrium, position of the male and female genital canals, structure of the male and female organ systems, and numbers of testes. Based on the spectrum of characters we explored, it was apparent that numerous specimens of Tetrabothrius among genera and species of Alcidae from the North Pacific inventory could not be accommodated in T. jagerskioeldi and provisionally are referred to Tetrabothrius undescribed n. sp. pending ongoing evaluations. Superficially, these are all large and robust tapeworms referable to Tetrabothrius, potentially contributing to misidentifications and misattribution that have occurred both in the literature and in the few archived specimens in museums. We summarize the results of extensive inventory collections since 1950, establishing a distributional baseline for species of Tetrabothrius from a wide range of geographic localities and an assemblage of host species among the Alcidae and some species of Laridae, Stercorariidae, and Phalacrocoracidae. We further MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity Supplementary data tables follow the references. MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity 2","PeriodicalId":137854,"journal":{"name":"MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133769461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：