The objective of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of self-brushing using a single-head power toothbrush(PTB) in comparison to a single-head manual toothbrush(MTB) in terms of plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis in children.
MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched up to November 2023. The inclusion criteria comprised randomised clinical trials involving healthy children up to the age of 18 years who did not have fixed orthodontic appliances. Included papers assessed the impact of self-administered toothbrushing using a rechargeable PTB compared to an MTB on plaque removal and gingivitis. Data extraction was conducted, and the risk of bias was evaluated. A descriptive analysis, a meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis, when feasible, were carried out.
The search yielded 12 eligible publications, encompassing 30 relevant comparisons. Results showed a significant difference of means (DiffM) on plaque scores in favour of the PTB. Both the end and incremental difference scores indicated a significant difference in effect in favour of the PTB for single-use brushing (DiffM-end = −0.26 (95% CI [−0.31; −0.21]; p < 0.00001)|DiffM-difference = −0.26 (95% CI [−0.31; −0.21]; p < 0.00001)) and also for follow-up studies (DiffM-end = −0.22 (95% CI [−0.36; −0.07]; p = 0.004)|DiffM-difference = −0.34 (95% CI [−0.45; −0.23]; p < 0.00001)). The meta-analysis on gingival index scores showed no significant difference. Subgroup analysis was only possible for the follow-up studies. For the OR mode of action, a significant difference of means for plaque scores was found (DiffM-end = −0.19 (95% CI [−0.37; −0.01]; p = 0.04)|DiffM-difference = −0.22 (95% CI [−0.43; −0.01]; p = 0.04)). The subgroup analysis contained only studies with a low risk of bias.
There is moderate evidence that in children a PTB offers a small advantage in plaque removal over an MTB. This evidence primarily pertains to PTBs with an OR mode of action.
Registration: PROSPERO: #CRD42023144871; ACTA: #2023-75707
RETRACTION: F Agha-Hosseini, I Mirzaii-Dizgah, S Mikaili and M Abdollahi, “ Increased Salivary Lipid Peroxidation in Human Subjects With Oral Lichen Planus,” International Journal of Dental Hygiene 7, no. 4 (2009): 246–250, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00365.x.
The above article, published online on 14 October 2009 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed upon following an investigation into concerns raised by a third party. The investigation revealed that the graphs shown in Figures 1a and 1b appear identical. However, the difference between the control and case group shown in Figure 1a is reported as statistically significant while the difference shown in Figure 1b is reported as not statistically significant. The authors responded to the concerns and provided data to support their results. However, the data did not meet the acceptable standards for raw data and also did not correspond with the graph shown in Figure 1b. As a result, the editors have lost confidence in the results and conclusions presented in this article.
To evaluate the effectiveness of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes (MW) on plaque and gingivitis scores for patients with gingivitis, in brushing as well as non-brushing situations.
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL was conducted to identify clinical and randomised controlled trials comparing CPC and CHX mouthwashes on plaque and gingivitis scores. The staining index was evaluated as a secondary outcome. In addition, the risk of bias was assessed. The data was summarised using a descriptive approach, and whenever possible, a meta-analysis was conducted. The results for brushing and non-brushing studies were presented separately. Grading was applied using the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of evidence.
The search resulted in 424 unique papers, from which 14 full-text papers providing 18 comparisons were selected. Different concentrations of CPC-MW (0.1%, 0.075%, 0.05%) and CHX-MW (0.2%, 0.12%) were used. The risk of bias was estimated to be low, moderate or high for each study. A meta-analysis for non-brushing models showed a significant favour for CHX-MW in plaque index scores (0.55 [95% CI: 0.19; 0.91], p = 0.003). For brushing, no significant differences were found between CPC-MW and CHX-MW. The descriptive analysis supports these findings. CHX-MW tends to stain more than CPC-MW.
There is moderate certainty for a small statistically significant favourable effect of CHX-MW over CPC-MW for plaque control in non-brushing situations, but no difference between them for plaque and gingivitis prevention in brushing situations.
Objective: To investigate oral status in relation to demographic, socioeconomic, medical and psychosocial risk factors among outpatients receiving treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 91 outpatients from Stockholm, Sweden. Oral status was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). Psychosocial and functional factors were evaluated using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), which measures problem severity in areas such as medical and social functioning, and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), which assesses overall social and occupational functioning. Data were analysed using non-parametric correlations and logistic regression.
Results: The mean DMFT was 12.4 (±8.1), with missing teeth (MT) as the dominant component. The median PPD was 28. The logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between risk factors and oral status variables. Age ≥ 40 years was associated with fewer teeth (OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.30-9.54), higher DMFT (OR: 8.88, 95% CI: 3.43-23.01) and more severe PPD (OR: 5.64, 95% CI: 1.95-16.32). Low education (< 9 years) was associated with fewer decayed teeth (DT) (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.59) and lower PPD values (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.86). These results highlight the significant influence of age and education on oral status among patients with SUD.
Conclusion: This study identified relationships between oral status and several demographics, socioeconomic, medical and psychosocial risk factors among patients with SUD. Age was the strongest predictor of oral status, with low education being the only significant socioeconomic risk factor.
The competency in Dental Hygiene/Dental Therapy (DH/DT) students is often determined using one-off high-stakes clinical tests. These approaches can have questionable validity/reliability and negatively impact learning because any feedback provided cannot improve the outcome. Programmatic assessment (PA) can improve the validity/reliability of assessment and support learning due to focus longitudinal learner development supported by feedback. However, PA has its own implementation challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate staff/student opinions over the existing assessment strategies, and the potential acceptance of a PA approach.
Objectives: To gain insights into the views of staff and students on the impact of current forms of assessment within clinical modules. To gauge the acceptance of staff and students for adopting PA.
Method: Four staff and five second-year DT/DH students participated in separate focus groups. Following data collection, thematic analysis was used to identify themes.
Results: The data suggested that problems with 'on the day' clinical tests included fairness over their timing, validity and reliability in terms of their generalisability and a negative impact on student behaviours, such as heightened anxiety and a focus on gaining marks, rather than on the patient. The data also suggested that staff/students could see the benefit of the PA approach.
Discussion: The results supported the existing literature over the challenges with 'on the day' clinical tests in the areas of validity, reliability and educational impact.
Conclusions: A move to the PA approach would likely be accepted by staff/students to support the development and progression of DH/DT students.
This study explored the prevalence and predictors of workplace sexual harassment (SH) from employers, supervisors and co-workers towards dental hygienists.
Survey research was conducted with a convenience sample of dental hygienists in the United States and Canada (n = 372). The validated Sexual Experiences Questionnaire-Department of Defense-Shortened (SEQ-DOD-S) was utilised to assess the prevalence of workplace SH experiences over 24 months with an open-ended question about career-wide SH experiences. Descriptive, correlation and regression analyses were used.
The completion rate was 77.4% (n = 288). About 40% of participants had experienced workplace SH from employers, supervisors or co-workers. Male employers were the primary perpetrators of SH, with most respondents reporting 1–10 (80.7%) acts of SH. The most common forms of SH were sexist behaviour (43.1%), crude or offensive behaviour (37.5%), unwanted sexual attention (17.7%) and sexual coercion (6.6%). Predictors of experiencing sexist behaviour were age (B = −0.40, p = 0.003, OR [odds ratio] = 0.96), entry-level dental hygiene degree (B = −1.11, p = 0.03, OR = 0.33) and highest degree earned (B = 0.68, p = 0.04, OR = 1.97). The predictor of unwanted sexual behaviour was age (B = −0.052, p = 0.26, OR = 0.949). For every 1-year increase in age, the odds of experiencing sexist behaviour decreased by 4%, and the odds of experiencing unwanted sexual attention decreased by 5%.
Findings suggest a high prevalence of workplace SH from male employers, supervisors and co-workers towards clinical dental hygienists in the sample. Increasing age and entry-level dental hygiene degree suggest the need for workplace education and policies to address sexual harassment with particular attention to younger dental hygienists.
This study aimed to introduce video-recorded simulation-based scenarios to facilitate case-based learning discussions (CBLDs) and to evaluate the appropriateness of these educational videos for hands-on training by conducting an expert validation process.
Following educational video topics were chosen based on their practicality and high demand from the dental infection control coordinators (DICC): “Reprocessing and Sterilization Monitoring of Reusable Instruments,” “Performance Monitoring of Infection Control Specialists,” “Hand Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE),” and “Reporting System and Post-Incident Management for Infection Exposures.” Scenario development involved five dental hygienists with > 10 years of experience. To evaluate the effectiveness of the video, surveys were conducted with 25 individuals with > 5 years of experience in the field. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency with Cronbach's α.
Ten educational videos were developed (2–3 videos per topic). Regarding internal consistency reliability, Cronbach's α values for each of the four topics were all greater than 0.9. Factor analysis of all 34 items yielded five factors that collectively explained 86.201% of the variance. Concerning the “overall educational satisfaction score,” high ratings were obtained for “extensive coverage of dental clinical infection control content within each topic” and “appropriateness of the educational material for training in dental infection control management.”
The developed videos for dental infection control were reliable and suitable for educating DICC. These videos are expected to hold significant importance in situations where face-to-face and hands-on training pose difficulties.
To evaluate the difference in plaque score reduction achieved by 1 and 2 min of toothbrushing, based on data from single brushing exercises.
MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL databases and the first five pages of Google Scholar were searched for randomised controlled trials. Extracted data were summarised in a descriptive and, if possible, a meta-analysis using standardised mean difference (SMD). Separate analyses were performed for manual (MTB) and powered (PTB) toothbrushes.
Based on the selection criteria, the search identified five unique eligible publications providing 16 comparisons. For both toothbrush types, 2 min of brushing resulted in a significantly higher plaque score reduction. The SMD of 1 versus 2 min of brushing using MTB was 0.69 [95% CI: 0.06, 1.33] (p = 0.03) can be interpreted as a medium size effect and the SMD of using a PTB was 0.47 [95% CI: 0.28, 0.66], (p < 0.00001) interpreted as a small size effect.
With respect to plaque scores, based on single brushing exercises, there is moderate certainty for the recommendation to brush for 2 min over 1 min.
The study aimed to investigate trends in searches for “dental contact lenses” on Google Trends and their association with sociodemographic variables of Brazilian states.
This ecological study utilised Google Trends to analyse search frequencies for “dental contact lenses” in Brazilian states over 5 years. Data were collected from two categories: “health” and “all categories”. Exploratory variables included total population, per capita income, Gini index, illiteracy rate, use of internet, number of dentists, number of specialists in Periodontology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Prosthesis, number of dental schools, and healthcare units. Pearson correlations and time series analyses were conducted.
São Paulo, Santa Catarina, the Federal District, and Tocantins exhibited the highest search frequencies in the “Health” category, while Minas Gerais had the highest search when considering all categories. Some states in the Northeast demonstrated the lowest search frequencies in both categories. Significant and positive correlations were observed between the outcome, when using all categories, and the following variables: total population (r = 0.500), per capita income (r = 0.468), use of internet (r = 0.522), higher education (r = 0.686), and number of dentists (r = 0.806). Inverse correlations were detected with Gini index (r = −0.467), illiteracy rate (r = −0.734), number of public dental schools (r = −0.430), and primary health units (r = −0.472). A similar pattern of results was observed for the health category across most exploratory variables. Both analyses revealed a pattern of seasonality (p < 0.001).
Higher socio-economic status and concentrations of dental professionals in the Brazilian states resulted in higher searches for “dental contact lenses.”
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