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Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems. 生命系统逻辑的基本制约因素。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2024.0010
Ricard Solé, Christopher P Kempes, Bernat Corominas-Murtra, Manlio De Domenico, Artemy Kolchinsky, Michael Lachmann, Eric Libby, Serguei Saavedra, Eric Smith, David Wolpert

It has been argued that the historical nature of evolution makes it a highly path-dependent process. Under this view, the outcome of evolutionary dynamics could have resulted in organisms with different forms and functions. At the same time, there is ample evidence that convergence and constraints strongly limit the domain of the potential design principles that evolution can achieve. Are these limitations relevant in shaping the fabric of the possible? Here, we argue that fundamental constraints are associated with the logic of living matter. We illustrate this idea by considering the thermodynamic properties of living systems, the linear nature of molecular information, the cellular nature of the building blocks of life, multicellularity and development, the threshold nature of computations in cognitive systems and the discrete nature of the architecture of ecosystems. In all these examples, we present available evidence and suggest potential avenues towards a well-defined theoretical formulation.

有人认为,进化的历史性使其成为一个高度依赖路径的过程。根据这种观点,进化动态的结果可能会产生具有不同形态和功能的生物。与此同时,有大量证据表明,趋同和制约因素极大地限制了进化所能实现的潜在设计原则的领域。这些限制是否与塑造可能的结构有关?在这里,我们认为基本限制与生命物质的逻辑有关。我们通过考虑生命系统的热力学性质、分子信息的线性性质、生命构件的细胞性质、多细胞性和发育、认知系统计算的阈值性质以及生态系统结构的离散性质来说明这一观点。在所有这些例子中,我们都提出了现有的证据,并建议了通向明确理论表述的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
The logic of monsters: development and morphological diversity in stem-cell-based embryo models. 怪物的逻辑:基于干细胞的胚胎模型的发育和形态多样性。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2024.0023
Dominica Cao, Sumit Garai, James DiFrisco, Jesse V Veenvliet

Organoids and stem-cell-based embryo models (SEMs) are imperfect organ or embryo representations that explore a much larger space of possible forms, or morphospace, compared to their in vivo counterparts. Here, we discuss SEM biology in light of seminal work by Pere Alberch, a leading figure in early evo-devo, interpreting SEMs as developmental 'monstrosities' in the Alberchian sense. Alberch suggested that ordered patterns in aberrant development-i.e. 'the logic of monsters'-reveal developmental constraints on possible morphologies. In the same vein, we detail how SEMs have begun to shed light on structural features of normal development, such as developmental variability, the relative importance of internal versus external constraints, boundary conditions and design principles governing robustness and canalization. We argue that SEMs represent a powerful experimental tool to explore and expand developmental morphospace and propose that the 'monstrosity' of SEMs can be leveraged to uncover the 'hidden' rules and developmental constraints that robustly shape and pattern the embryo.

器官组织和基于干细胞的胚胎模型(SEM)是一种不完美的器官或胚胎表征,与体内模型相比,它们探索了更大的可能形式空间或形态空间。在此,我们将根据早期进化-胚胎学领军人物佩雷-阿尔伯奇(Pere Alberch)的开创性工作来讨论SEM生物学,将SEM解释为阿尔伯奇意义上的发育 "怪胎"。阿尔伯奇认为,异常发育中的有序模式--即 "怪物的逻辑"--揭示了可能形态的发育限制。同样,我们详细介绍了扫描电子显微镜如何开始揭示正常发育的结构特征,如发育的可变性、内部与外部约束的相对重要性、边界条件以及稳健性和管道化的设计原则。我们认为,扫描电子显微镜是探索和扩展发育形态空间的强大实验工具,并提出可以利用扫描电子显微镜的 "畸形 "来揭示 "隐藏 "的规则和发育约束,这些规则和约束有力地塑造了胚胎的形态和模式。
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引用次数: 0
The legacy and evolvability of Pere Alberch's ideas. 佩雷-阿尔贝奇思想的传承与发展。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2024.0011
Laura Nuño de la Rosa, Gerd B Müller

Pere Alberch played a pivotal role in shaping the field of evolutionary developmental biology during the 1980s and 1990s. Whereas initially his contributions were sidelined by the empirical advancements of the molecular revolution in developmental and evolutionary biology, his theoretical insights have left a lasting impact on the discipline. This article provides a comprehensive review of the legacy and evolvability of Alberch's ideas in contemporary evo-devo, which included the study of morphogenesis as the proper level of developmental causation, the interplay between developmental constraints and natural selection, the epistemic role of teratologies, the origin of evolutionary novelties and the concept of evolvability.

20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代,Pere Alberch 在进化发育生物学领域的形成过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用。虽然最初他的贡献因发育和进化生物学分子革命的经验进步而被搁置,但他的理论见解却对该学科产生了持久的影响。本文全面回顾了阿尔伯奇的思想在当代进化生物学中的传承和可演化性,其中包括将形态发生作为发育因果关系的适当层次的研究、发育限制与自然选择之间的相互作用、畸形的认识作用、进化新物种的起源以及可演化性的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Materials modelling in the University of Limpopo. 林波波大学的材料建模。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2024.0005
Phuti E Ngoepe, Alan V Chadwick, Happy M Sithole, Khotso D K Mokhele, C Richard A Catlow

This article provides insights into building research capacity in computational modelling of materials at the University of Limpopo (UL), formerly University of the North, in South Africa, through a collaboration with a consortium of universities in the United Kingdom (UK) through the support of the National Research Foundation (NRF), formerly the Foundation for Research and Development, and the Royal Society (RS). A background that led to the choice of building research capacity at historically disadvantaged universities in South Africa, including the UL, is given. The modus operandi of the collaboration between the UL and several UK universities on computational modelling of materials is outlined, together with the scientific highlights that were achieved in themes of minerals, energy storage and alloy development. The capacity built in terms of human capital and institutions set up is shared, which is followed by a discussion of the continuing research activities after the formal NRF-RS collaboration ceased with more alignment to industrial applications with national and international support. We conclude by highlighting the success of the project in capacity-building and consolidating the Materials Modelling Centre with developments of high-performance computing in South Africa and the African continent. We comment on the lessons learned regarding successful capacity-building programmes.

本文介绍了南非林波波大学(UL)(前身为北方大学)在国家研究基金会(NRF)(前身为研究与发展基金会)和英国皇家学会(RS)的支持下,通过与英国大学联盟合作,在材料计算建模方面开展研究能力建设的情况。本文介绍了选择在历史上处于不利地位的南非大学(包括 UL)开展研究能力建设的背景。概述了 UL 与英国几所大学在材料计算建模方面的合作模式,以及在矿物、能源储存和合金开发等主题方面取得的科学成果。我们还分享了在人力资本和机构建立方面的能力建设情况,随后讨论了在国家研究基金与英国皇家科学院的正式合作停止后继续开展的研究活动,以及在国家和国际支持下更多地与工业应用相结合的情况。最后,我们强调了该项目在能力建设和巩固材料建模中心方面取得的成功,以及南非和非洲大陆高性能计算的发展。我们对成功的能力建设计划的经验教训进行了评论。
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引用次数: 0
RS-DFID Africa capacity-building initiative programme grant: harnessing unsteady phase-change heat exchange in high-performance concentrated solar power systems. RS-DFID 非洲能力建设倡议计划赠款:在高性能聚光太阳能发电系统中利用非稳态相变热交换。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0059
Benedict Winchester, Abdullah M Maghrabi, Christos N Markides

The Royal Society and UK Department for International Development supported a consortium of three universities across sub-Saharan Africa and Imperial College London with the aim of developing new knowledge on direct-steam-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plants and supporting relevant capacity building across the Universities of Lagos, Mauritius and Pretoria. Key research findings from the programme include an improved flow-classification scheme for two-phase, liquid-liquid flows; testing of advanced surfaces with much-improved steady-state heat transfer performance-the commercial nanoFLUX surface showed up to 200% higher heat-transfer coefficients (HTCs) in pool boiling compared with other surfaces with R-134a/R-245fa; first-of-a-kind measurements of transient flow boiling HTCs, which were up to 30% lower in step perturbations than quasi-steady-state expectations in horizontal pipes with R-245fa; error estimation and corrections for laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements, leading to the development of an adapted planar LIF technique with uncertainty <10% for local, instantaneous film thickness measurements in annular flows, and the application of such diagnostic methods to pool, falling-film and flow boiling in pipes; and predictions of an ~80% increase in the net present value of a case-study CSP plant when integrated with solid storage media.

英国皇家学会和英国国际发展部为撒哈拉以南非洲地区的三所大学和伦敦帝国理工学院组成的联合体提供支持,旨在开发有关直接蒸汽发电聚光太阳能(CSP)电站的新知识,并支持拉各斯大学、毛里求斯大学和比勒陀利亚大学的相关能力建设。该计划的主要研究成果包括:改进了液-液两相流的流动分类方案;测试了稳态传热性能大为改善的先进表面--商用纳米FLUX 表面在池沸腾时的传热系数(HTCs)比使用 R-134a/R-245fa 的其他表面高出 200%;首次测量瞬态流动沸腾的 HTCs,在使用 R-245fa 的水平管道中,阶跃扰动比准稳态预期值低 30%;对激光诱导荧光(LIF)测量进行误差估计和修正,从而开发出一种具有不确定性的改良平面 LIF 技术。
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引用次数: 0
Creating sustainable capacity for river science in the Congo basin through the CRuHM project. 通过 CRuHM 项目,在刚果盆地创建河流科学的可持续能力。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0079
Paul D Bates, Raphaël M Tshimanga, Mark A Trigg, Andy Carr, C A Mushi, Pierre M Kabuya, Gode Bola, Jeff Neal, Preksedis Nbomba, Felix Mtalo, Denis Hughes

In this article, we examine the scientific and sustainable research capacity outcomes of the 'Congo River: user Hydraulics and Morphology' or CRuHM project, a six-year effort supported by the Royal Society's Africa Capacity Building Initiative. This project brought together a consortium of African and UK universities to undertake the first large-scale scientific expeditions to the Congo basin of the modern era in order to better understand the hydraulics and geomorphology of this understudied but globally important river. The river is essential for navigation, irrigation, drinking water and hydroelectric power generation for the 10 basin countries and is critically important for biodiversity and global nutrient, carbon and climatological cycles. This article summarizes the new scientific understanding contributed by the project and the steps taken to ensure a meaningful legacy that would continue long beyond the finite lifetime of available funding. Actions taken to achieve this include establishing a new hydrology research centre at the University of Kinshasa as well as steps to build a wider international community of Congo basin researchers. In this way, we hope to build momentum for future funding initiatives and collaboration.

在这篇文章中,我们探讨了 "刚果河:用户水力学和形态学"(CRuHM)项目的科学和可持续研究能力成果,该项目由英国皇家学会非洲能力建设计划支持,历时六年。该项目汇集了非洲和英国的多所大学,对刚果河流域进行了现代首次大规模科学考察,以更好地了解这条研究不足但具有全球重要性的河流的水力学和地貌学。该河流对流域内 10 个国家的航运、灌溉、饮用水和水力发电至关重要,对生物多样性以及全球养分、碳和气候循环也极为重要。这篇文章总结了该项目带来的新的科学认识,以及为确保在有限的可用资金使用期限之后仍能继续留下有意义的遗产而采取的措施。为实现这一目标而采取的行动包括在金沙萨大学建立一个新的水文研究中心,以及采取措施建立一个更广泛的刚果盆地研究人员国际社区。我们希望通过这种方式,为今后的资助活动和合作造势。
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引用次数: 0
Capacity building in porous materials research for sustainable energy applications. 多孔材料研究能力建设,促进可持续能源应用。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0067
Henrietta W Langmi, Nicholas M Musyoka, Justin C Kemmegne-Mbouguen, Chrispin Kowenje, Fredrick Kengara, Robert Mokaya

The project aimed to develop porous materials for sustainable energy applications, namely, hydrogen storage, and valorization of biomass to renewable fuels. At the core of the project was a training programme for Africa-based researchers in (i) the exploitation of renewable locally available raw materials; (ii) the use of advanced state-of-the-art techniques for the design and synthesis of porous materials (zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)) for energy storage; and (iii) the valorization of sustainable low-value feedstock to renewable fuels. We found that compaction of the UiO-66 MOF at high pressure improves volumetric hydrogen storage capacity without any loss in gravimetric uptake, and experimentally demonstrated the temperature-dependent dynamic behaviour of UiO-66, which allowed us to propose an activation temperature of ≤ 150°C for UiO-66. Co-pelletization was used to fabricate UiO-66/nanofibre monoliths as hierarchical porous materials with enhanced usable (i.e. deliverable) hydrogen storage capacity. We clarified the use of naturally occurring kaolin as a source of silica and alumina species for zeolite synthesis. The kaolin-derived zeolite X was successfully used as a catalyst for the transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil (from non-edible biomass) to biodiesel. We also prepared porous composites (i.e. carbon/UiO-66, organoclay/UiO-66 and zeolite/carbon) that were successfully applied in electrochemical sensing.

该项目旨在为可持续能源应用开发多孔材料,即氢储存和生物质转化为可再生燃料。该项目的核心是为非洲的研究人员提供以下方面的培训计划:(i) 利用当地可再生原材料;(ii) 利用先进技术设计和合成用于储能的多孔材料(沸石和金属有机框架(MOFs));(iii) 将可持续的低价值原料转化为可再生燃料。我们发现,在高压下压实 UiO-66 MOF 可提高体积储氢能力,而重力吸收能力不会有任何损失,并通过实验证明了 UiO-66 的动态行为与温度有关,这使我们能够提出 UiO-66 的活化温度为 ≤ 150°C。我们利用共造粒技术制造出了 UiO-66/ 纳米纤维单片,这种分层多孔材料具有更强的可用(即可输送)储氢能力。我们阐明了如何利用天然高岭土作为沸石合成的二氧化硅和氧化铝来源。高岭土衍生的沸石 X 被成功用作麻风树油(来自非食用生物质)酯交换转化为生物柴油的催化剂。我们还制备了多孔复合材料(即碳/UiO-66、有机土/UiO-66 和沸石/碳),并将其成功应用于电化学传感。
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引用次数: 0
Chem4Energy: a consortium of the Royal Society Africa Capacity-Building Initiative. Chem4Energy:英国皇家学会非洲能力建设计划联合体。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2024.0001
Marietjie J Ungerer, Evans Adei, Theopolina Amakali, Cecil H Botchway, Likius S Daniel, James Darkwa, Nelson Y Dzade, Foster Mbaiwa, Mary Mensah, Maipelo Nyepetsi, Banothile Makhubela, Claire E Mitchell, Oluwasegun Emmanuel Olaoye, Olayinka A Oyetunji, Meenakshisundaram Sankar, Fortunate P Sejie, Jacobina Sheehama, Richard Tia, Veikko Uahengo, Aleksandar Živković, Nora H De Leeuw

The Africa Capacity-Building Initiative is a Royal Society programme funded by the former UK Department for International Development to develop collaborative research between scientists in sub-Saharan Africa and the UK. Initially, four institutions were involved in the Chem4Energy consortium: Cardiff University in the UK and three African partners, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, the University of Namibia and the University of Botswana, soon also including the Botswana International University of Science and Technology. The Chem4Energy research programme focused on 'New materials for a sustainable energy future: linking computation with experiment', aiming to deploy the synergy between state-of-the-art computational and experimental techniques to design and optimize new catalysts and semiconductor materials for renewable energy applications, based on materials that are abundant and readily available in African countries. The Chem4Energy consortium has achieved ambitious research goals, graduated seven PhD students and delivered a high-quality cross-disciplinary training programme in materials science and simulation techniques relevant to renewable energy applications. Since 2021, the extended consortium, including North-West University and the Centre for High-Performance Computing in South Africa, has remained active through an annual Chem4Energy conference series, with the sixth meeting taking place in Namibia in April 2025.

非洲能力建设计划是英国皇家学会的一项计划,由前英国国际发展部资助,旨在发展撒哈拉以南非洲和英国科学家之间的合作研究。最初,有四家机构参与了 "化学4能源 "联盟:英国卡迪夫大学和三个非洲合作伙伴:加纳夸梅-恩克鲁玛科技大学、纳米比亚大学和博茨瓦纳大学,不久还包括博茨瓦纳国际科技大学。Chem4Energy 研究计划的重点是 "面向可持续能源未来的新材料:将计算与实验相结合",旨在利用最先进的计算和实验技术之间的协同作用,以非洲国家丰富且易于获得的材料为基础,设计和优化用于可再生能源应用的新型催化剂和半导体材料。Chem4Energy 联合体已经实现了雄心勃勃的研究目标,培养了七名博士生,并在与可再生能源应用相关的材料科学和模拟技术方面开展了高质量的跨学科培训计划。自 2021 年以来,包括西北大学和南非高性能计算中心在内的扩展联盟一直通过年度 Chem4Energy 系列会议保持活跃,第六次会议将于 2025 年 4 月在纳米比亚举行。
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引用次数: 0
Doctoral training to support sustainable soil geochemistry research in Africa. 博士培训,支持非洲可持续的土壤地球化学研究。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0058
M G Manzeke-Kangara, I S Ligowe, B Kaninga, P Nalivata, V Kabambe, E Mbewe, B H Chishala, G M Sakala, P Mapfumo, F Mtambanengwe, T Tendayi, A Murwira, A D C Chilimba, F P Phiri, E L Ander, E H Bailey, R M Lark, K Millar, M J Watts, S D Young, M R Broadley

Africa's potential for scientific research is not yet being realized, for various reasons including a lack of researchers in many fields and insufficient funding. Strengthened research capacity through doctoral training programmes in higher education institutes (HEIs) in Africa, to include collaboration with national, regional and international research institutions, can facilitate self-reliant and sustainable research to support socio-economic development. In 2012, the Royal Society and the UK's Department for International Development (now the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office) launched the Africa Capacity Building Initiative (ACBI) Doctoral Training Network which aimed to strengthen research capacity and training across sub-Saharan Africa. The ACBI supported 30 core PhD scholarships, all registered/supervised within African HEIs with advisory support from the UK-based institutes. Our 'Soil geochemistry to inform agriculture and health policies' consortium project, which was part of the ACBI doctoral training programme network, was implemented in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe between 2014 and 2020. The aims of our consortium were to explore linkages between soil geochemistry, agriculture and public health for increased crop productivity, nutrition and safety of food systems and support wider training and research activities in soil science. Highlights from our consortium included: (i) the generation of new scientific evidence on linkages between soils, crops and human nutrition; (ii) securing new projects to translate science into policy and practice; and (iii) maintaining sustainable collaborative learning across the consortium. Our consortium delivered high-quality science outputs and secured new research and doctoral training funding from a variety of sources to ensure the continuation of research and training activities. For example, follow-on Global Challenges Research Funded Translation Award provided a strong evidence base on the prevalence of deficiencies in children under 5 years of age and women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe. This new evidence will contribute towards the design and implementation of a nationally representative micronutrient survey as an integral part of the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys conducted by the Ministry of Health and Child Care. The award also generated new evidence and a road map for creating quality innovative doctorates through a doctoral training landscape activity led by the Zimbabwe Council for Higher Education. Although our project and the wider ACBI has contributed to increasing the self-reliance and sustainability of research within the region, many challenges remain and ongoing investment is required.

由于许多领域缺乏研究人员和资金不足等各种原因,非洲的科研潜力尚未得到发挥。通过在非洲高等教育机构(HEIs)开展博士生培训计划来加强研究能力,包括与国家、地区和国际研究机构开展合作,可以促进自力更生和可持续的研究,从而支持社会经济发展。2012 年,英国皇家学会和英国国际发展部(现为外交、联邦和发展办公室)启动了非洲能力建设倡议(ACBI)博士培训网络,旨在加强撒哈拉以南非洲地区的研究能力和培训。非洲能力建设倡议为 30 个核心博士奖学金项目提供了支持,这些项目均在非洲高等院校注册/接受指导,并由英国研究所提供咨询支持。我们的 "土壤地球化学为农业和卫生政策提供信息 "联合项目是 ACBI 博士培训计划网络的一部分,于 2014 年至 2020 年期间在马拉维、赞比亚和津巴布韦实施。该联合项目旨在探索土壤地球化学、农业和公共卫生之间的联系,以提高作物产量、营养和食品系统安全,并支持更广泛的土壤科学培训和研究活动。我们的合作项目重点包括(i) 就土壤、作物和人类营养之间的联系提出了新的科学证据;(ii) 确保开展新项目,将科学转化为政策和实践;(iii) 保持整个联盟的可持续合作学习。我们的联盟提供了高质量的科学成果,并从各种来源获得了新的研究和博士培训资金,以确保研究和培训活动的继续。例如,"全球挑战研究资助转化奖 "后续项目为津巴布韦 5 岁以下儿童和育龄妇女普遍缺乏营养提供了强有力的证据基础。这一新证据将有助于设计和实施一项具有全国代表性的微营养素调查,作为卫生和儿童保育部开展的津巴布韦人口与健康调查的一个组成部分。该奖项还提供了新的证据和路线图,以便通过津巴布韦高等教育委员会领导的博士培训景观活动,创建高质量的创新型博士学位。尽管我们的项目和更广泛的 ACBI 为提高该地区研究的自立性和可持续性做出了贡献,但许多挑战依然存在,需要持续投资。
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引用次数: 0
Portrait of a UK-Africa Capacity Building Initiative Consortium 2015-2022: the Cameroon, Ghana, South Africa and United Kingdom Materials Initiative (CaGSUMI) for developing materials for solar cells. 2015-2022 年英国-非洲能力建设倡议联盟简介:喀麦隆、加纳、南非和英国材料倡议 (CaGSUMI),用于开发太阳能电池材料。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0057
Peter T Ndifon, Johannes Awudza, Neerish Revaprasadu, Paul O'Brien, David J Lewis

The CaGSUMI consortium was funded by the Royal Society-Department for International Development (later the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office) on the Africa Capacity Building Initiative programme between the years 2015 and 2022 and involved three Sub-Saharan African universities: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon, and the University of Zululand, South Africa; and the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom. The project was used to cement an emergent UK-Africa network in the areas of materials chemistry related to renewable energy generation with both thin films and nanomaterials. The consortium's outputs led to numerous publications of African science in international journals, a number of graduated PhDs who went on to permanent academic positions and prestigious fellowships, the establishment of a capacity-building plan relevant to the chemistry departments in each of the African countries, and the installation of a number of first-in-kind pieces of kit for African laboratories that will keep them on a competitive footing at an international level for the next decade and more.

CaGSUMI 联合体由英国皇家学会-国际发展部(后为外交、英联邦和发展办公室)在 2015 年至 2022 年间的非洲能力建设倡议计划资助,涉及三所撒哈拉以南非洲大学:加纳库马西夸梅-恩克鲁玛科技大学、喀麦隆雅温得第一大学、南非祖鲁兰大学以及英国曼彻斯特大学参与了该项目。该项目被用来巩固英国与非洲在与利用薄膜和纳米材料生产可再生能源有关的材料化学领域的新兴网络。该联合会的成果包括:在国际期刊上发表了大量非洲科学论文;一些博士毕业生获得了长期学术职位和著名的奖学金;制定了一项与每个非洲国家化学系相关的能力建设计划;为非洲实验室安装了一些首创的工具包,这些工具包将使这些实验室在未来十年甚至更长的时间里保持国际竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
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