The author considers an extremely general technique which allows the most general nonuniform, lossy, and anisotropic linear media to be treated in electromagnetic problems by developing the weighted residual method for non-Hermitian behavior. Interfacial boundary conditions are partly left to the volumetric integrals, some to the surface integrals, and some as constraints imposed directly on the fields. Conversion of some of the volume integrals to surface integrals is done applying integration by parts in a more explicit and direct fashion than that employed for simpler media where various Green's theorems are used.<>
{"title":"Finite element method for nonHermitian bianisotropic media","authors":"C. Krowne","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385316","url":null,"abstract":"The author considers an extremely general technique which allows the most general nonuniform, lossy, and anisotropic linear media to be treated in electromagnetic problems by developing the weighted residual method for non-Hermitian behavior. Interfacial boundary conditions are partly left to the volumetric integrals, some to the surface integrals, and some as constraints imposed directly on the fields. Conversion of some of the volume integrals to surface integrals is done applying integration by parts in a more explicit and direct fashion than that employed for simpler media where various Green's theorems are used.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128876951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hristov, I.P. Gatzov, J. Urumov, G. Kirov, T. Ivanov
The authors describe some designs of X-band one- and two-cavity antenna-oscillators with semitransparent radiation apertures. The antennas are excited by Gunn-diode sources plus half-loop feeds. The power and radiation characteristics of one-, two-, and three-diode antenna-oscillators are described and compared. The experiments show that by using the field combining phenomenon in a single resonant cavity, a very high power efficiency is achieved.<>
{"title":"Some experiences with resonant cavity antennas-oscillators","authors":"H. Hristov, I.P. Gatzov, J. Urumov, G. Kirov, T. Ivanov","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385327","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe some designs of X-band one- and two-cavity antenna-oscillators with semitransparent radiation apertures. The antennas are excited by Gunn-diode sources plus half-loop feeds. The power and radiation characteristics of one-, two-, and three-diode antenna-oscillators are described and compared. The experiments show that by using the field combining phenomenon in a single resonant cavity, a very high power efficiency is achieved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128896648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a generalization to an arbitrary number of dielectric substrates and patches of the full-wave analysis of aperture coupled microstrip antennas developed to evaluate its input impedance. This approach also makes it possible to consider aspects related to manufacturing, such as the effects of the glue used to bond the various substrates and the effects of a possible radome. Using this technique, stacked antennas can be designed and analyzed in terms of input impedance. In order to verify the theory and the relevant computer code a single aperture-coupled patch antenna was realized and tested. Measurements of the input impedance versus frequency show good agreement with the theory.<>
{"title":"Analysis of aperture-coupled multi-layer microstrip antennas","authors":"P. Besso, D. Finotto, D. Forigo, P. Gianola","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385127","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a generalization to an arbitrary number of dielectric substrates and patches of the full-wave analysis of aperture coupled microstrip antennas developed to evaluate its input impedance. This approach also makes it possible to consider aspects related to manufacturing, such as the effects of the glue used to bond the various substrates and the effects of a possible radome. Using this technique, stacked antennas can be designed and analyzed in terms of input impedance. In order to verify the theory and the relevant computer code a single aperture-coupled patch antenna was realized and tested. Measurements of the input impedance versus frequency show good agreement with the theory.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133772906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a complete model which can be used for any of the transmission line structures which include high-T/sub c/ superconducting material. This model incorporates all the physical aspects of the high-T/sub c/ superconductor materials through London's equations. It also satisfies all the electromagnetically required boundary conditions in the structure using Maxwell's equations. The physical characteristics of the superconductor are blended with the electromagnetic model by using the phenomenological two-fluid model. The finite difference method is used to implement this model because it has a great deal of flexibility, and equations may be derived directly from Maxwell's equations. The complex propagation constant is calculated. The losses inside the superconductor material are also evaluated. Numerical results are generated for two configurations, a superconductor microstripline filled with a lossless dielectric material with /spl epsi//sub d/=23 or with air.<>
{"title":"Direct calculation of attenuation and propagation constants in superconducting microwave structures","authors":"M. Megahed, S. El-Ghazaly","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385143","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a complete model which can be used for any of the transmission line structures which include high-T/sub c/ superconducting material. This model incorporates all the physical aspects of the high-T/sub c/ superconductor materials through London's equations. It also satisfies all the electromagnetically required boundary conditions in the structure using Maxwell's equations. The physical characteristics of the superconductor are blended with the electromagnetic model by using the phenomenological two-fluid model. The finite difference method is used to implement this model because it has a great deal of flexibility, and equations may be derived directly from Maxwell's equations. The complex propagation constant is calculated. The losses inside the superconductor material are also evaluated. Numerical results are generated for two configurations, a superconductor microstripline filled with a lossless dielectric material with /spl epsi//sub d/=23 or with air.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115426437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A quasi-optical amplifier suitable for Gaussian-beam applications is presented. The amplifier is based on the integrated horn antenna and uses polarization duplexing to isolate the output beam from the input beam. A prototype hybrid amplifier with a measured gain of 10.6 dB at 6 GHz is reported. The amplifier design is uniplanar and compact, and is compatible with the fabrication process of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at millimeter-wave frequencies. The design is single-moded and therefore can be used in existing mm-wave systems as a low-noise amplifier stage before the RF mixer or as an amplifier stage in the transmitting circuit.<>
{"title":"A back-to-back horn-antenna quasi-optical amplifier","authors":"Chen-Yu Chi, Gabriel M. Rebeiz","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385260","url":null,"abstract":"A quasi-optical amplifier suitable for Gaussian-beam applications is presented. The amplifier is based on the integrated horn antenna and uses polarization duplexing to isolate the output beam from the input beam. A prototype hybrid amplifier with a measured gain of 10.6 dB at 6 GHz is reported. The amplifier design is uniplanar and compact, and is compatible with the fabrication process of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at millimeter-wave frequencies. The design is single-moded and therefore can be used in existing mm-wave systems as a low-noise amplifier stage before the RF mixer or as an amplifier stage in the transmitting circuit.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115629149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a systematic approach to the design of a mode-forming network for feeding an antenna with N terminals in any combination of the N modes of the antenna. In a first step, they show that the mode number and the terminal number are related through a discrete Fourier transform (DFT). They then present a systematic approach for designing a mode-forming network by drawing on the powerful fast Fourier transform (FFT) implementations of the DFT.<>
{"title":"A systematic approach to the design of general mode forming networks for N-terminal arrays","authors":"J. E. Roy, L. Shafai","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385247","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a systematic approach to the design of a mode-forming network for feeding an antenna with N terminals in any combination of the N modes of the antenna. In a first step, they show that the mode number and the terminal number are related through a discrete Fourier transform (DFT). They then present a systematic approach for designing a mode-forming network by drawing on the powerful fast Fourier transform (FFT) implementations of the DFT.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115699201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professor Rusch's career of 37 years in the field of electromagnetics is reviewed.<>
回顾Rusch教授在电磁学领域37年的职业生涯
{"title":"A tribute to Professor Willard Van Tuyl Rusch","authors":"A. Prata, H. Kuehl","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385438","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Rusch's career of 37 years in the field of electromagnetics is reviewed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114322034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The left and right Kennaugh eigenvectors of the symmetric scattering matrix are first introduced. It can be shown that the Kennaugh optimal polarizations of the transmitter and receiver are e/sup i/spl alpha//x/sub 1/ and e/sup i/spl beta//y/sub 1/, where x/sub 1/ and y/sub 1/ are the right and left Kennaugh eigenvectors of the symmetric scattering matrix, respectively. Then, the left and right generalized eigenvectors of the asymmetric scattering matrix are considered. It can also be proved that the Kennaugh optimal polarizations of the transmitter and receiver are e/sup i/spl alpha//x/sub 1/ and e/sup i/spl beta//y/sub 1/, where x/sub 1/ and y/sub 1/ are right and left generalization eigenvectors of the asymmetric scattering matrix, respectively.<>
{"title":"Kennaugh's optimal polarization and eigenvalue problem","authors":"J. Yang","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385585","url":null,"abstract":"The left and right Kennaugh eigenvectors of the symmetric scattering matrix are first introduced. It can be shown that the Kennaugh optimal polarizations of the transmitter and receiver are e/sup i/spl alpha//x/sub 1/ and e/sup i/spl beta//y/sub 1/, where x/sub 1/ and y/sub 1/ are the right and left Kennaugh eigenvectors of the symmetric scattering matrix, respectively. Then, the left and right generalized eigenvectors of the asymmetric scattering matrix are considered. It can also be proved that the Kennaugh optimal polarizations of the transmitter and receiver are e/sup i/spl alpha//x/sub 1/ and e/sup i/spl beta//y/sub 1/, where x/sub 1/ and y/sub 1/ are right and left generalization eigenvectors of the asymmetric scattering matrix, respectively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114778407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A low-cost wideband radiating element for EW (electronic warfare) and radar array antenna applications is reported. This printed end-fire bunny-ear element is fed by a balanced slot line, and it can operate over 0.5 to 18 GHz with very low loss in an isolated environment. The input transition, the feed line, and the launching section of this element are essentially TEM (transverse electromagnetic) structures. The element was scaled and used in an L-band array with 50% instantaneous bandwidth.<>
{"title":"Wide band bunny-ear radiating element","authors":"J. Lee, S. Livingston","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385504","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost wideband radiating element for EW (electronic warfare) and radar array antenna applications is reported. This printed end-fire bunny-ear element is fed by a balanced slot line, and it can operate over 0.5 to 18 GHz with very low loss in an isolated environment. The input transition, the feed line, and the launching section of this element are essentially TEM (transverse electromagnetic) structures. The element was scaled and used in an L-band array with 50% instantaneous bandwidth.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114923692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a new numerical method called the field domain partition-combining solution for the analysis of complicated electromagnetic field (EMF) boundary-value problems (BVPs). Using this method, a variety of coaxial radiators can be treated as BVPs and precisely solved for their accurate global solution. Three examples are given for illustration: an open-ended coaxial line radiator, hemispherical monopole radiators, and a hemispherical monopole antenna covered by a dielectric shell. The field domain partition-combining solution is based on a combination of the global numerical boundary condition and the finite element method.<>
{"title":"Accurate global solutions of EMF boundary-value problems of coaxial radiators","authors":"Y. Wang, D. Fan","doi":"10.1109/APS.1993.385530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1993.385530","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a new numerical method called the field domain partition-combining solution for the analysis of complicated electromagnetic field (EMF) boundary-value problems (BVPs). Using this method, a variety of coaxial radiators can be treated as BVPs and precisely solved for their accurate global solution. Three examples are given for illustration: an open-ended coaxial line radiator, hemispherical monopole radiators, and a hemispherical monopole antenna covered by a dielectric shell. The field domain partition-combining solution is based on a combination of the global numerical boundary condition and the finite element method.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138141,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117350941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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